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14 Human Heredity Chapter Test A

Multiple Choice
Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided.
1. What percentage of human sperm cells carry an X chromosome?
a. 0% c. 50%
b. 25% d. 100%
2. How many chromosomes are shown in a normal human karyotype?
a. 2 c. 44
b. 23 d. 46
3. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Females cannot have hemophilia.
b. A colorblind boy’s mother must carry the gene for colorblindness.
c. A sex-linked allele cannot be dominant.
d. A colorblind boy’s father must carry the gene for colorblindness.
4. Which of the following form(s) a Barr body?
a. one of the Y chromosomes in a male cell
b. one of the X chromosomes in a male cell
c. one of the X chromosomes in a female cell
d. both of the X chromosomes in a female cell
5. Which of the following pairs of genotypes result in the same phenotype?
a. IAIA and IAIB c. IBIB and IAIB
b. IBIB and IBi d. IBi and ii

Figure 14–1

6. The allele for the presence of a white forelock is dominant in Figure 14–1. What is the
probability of the couple labeled 2 of having a child with the trait?
a. 25% c. 75%
b. 50% d. 100%
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Figure 14–2

7. How many generations are shown in Figure 14–2?

a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8
8. Compared with normal hemoglobin, the hemoglobin of a person with sickle cell disease is
a. longer. c. less soluble.
b. shorter. d. more soluble.
9. People who are heterozygous for sickle cell disease are generally healthy because they
a. are resistant to many different diseases.
b. have some normal hemoglobin in their red blood cells.
c. are not affected by the gene until they are elderly.
d. produce more hemoglobin than they need.
10. If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis,
a. only two gametes may form instead of four.
b. some gametes may have an extra copy of some genes.
c. the gamete cannot join another to form an organism.
d. the gametes redistribute chromosomes after meiosis.
11. Which piece of DNA would move fastest in gel electrophoresis? A segment that is
a. 100 base pairs long. c. 5,000 base pairs long.
b. 1,000 base pairs long. d. 100,000 base pairs long.
12. What is the role of restriction enzymes in studying the human genome?
a. copying pieces of DNA
b. labeling different nucleotides with different colors of dyes
c. separating different pieces of DNA based on their size
d. cutting large DNA molecules into smaller pieces

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Figure 14–3

13. Which enzyme(s) in Figure 14–3 would be best for making fragments with sticky
ends?
a. EcoRI and HaeIII c. HaeIII alone
b. HaeIII and BamI d. EcoRI and BamI
14. What did scientists in the Human Genome Project look for in DNA to identify the locations
of genes?
a. promoters c. CFTR
b. sex-linked genes d. autosomes
15. Why is it helpful to sequence many human genomes, instead of just one?
a. Scientists can confirm that everyone’s genome is identical.
b. Scientists can find how the human genome varies.
c. Scientists can find out how to get rid of viral DNA from our cells.
d. Scientists can provide insurance companies with everyone’s genome.

Completion
Complete each statement on the line provided.
16. A boy who is colorblind inherited the disorder from his ____________________.
17. A(An) ____________________ is a diagram that follows the inheritance of a single gene through
several generations of a family.
18. A female with the disorder _________________________ inherits only one X chromosome.
19. The law that protects people from being discriminated against because of information learned in
genetic tests is called the __________________________.

Short Answer
In complete sentences, write the answers to the questions on the lines provided.
20. Why are all X-linked alleles expressed in males, even if they are recessive?

21. A man who is not colorblind and a woman who is a carrier of the disorder have a son. What is the
probability that their son will be colorblind?

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22. How is the DNA sequence of the allele that causes cystic fibrosis different from that of the normal
allele?

23. If malaria were eliminated from a certain area, how do you think the frequency of the sickle cell
allele in that area would change? Explain.

24. Why is a person who has the genotype XXY a male, even though he has two X chromosomes in
his cells?

25. Why are the sex chromosomes considered homologous, even though they vary in size and
appearance?

Using Science Skills

Use the diagram below to answer the following questions on the lines provided.

Figure 14–5

26. Infer In the human karyotype in Figure 14–5, what term is used to describe the pair of
chromosomes in each numbered group?

27. Compare and Contrast In Figure 14–5, how are the chromosomes that make up each numbered
pair similar?

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28. Classify Which chromosomes in Figure 14–5 are autosomes?

29. Interpret Visuals Study the human karyotype in Figure 14–5. Explain whether the person will be
male or female, and describe the abnormality that this person has.

30. Draw Conclusions Study the abnormality at position 23 in Figure 14–5. What type of abnormality
is this, and how might it have occurred?

Essay
Write the answer to each question in the space provided.

Figure 14–6

31. Could Figure 14–6 show the pattern for the transmission of colorblindness? Explain your answer.

32. Explain why the father of a girl who is colorblind must also be colorblind.

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33. Compare and contrast Turner’s syndrome and Klinefelter’s syndrome.

34. What two kinds of enzymes are used in sequencing DNA, and what does each enzyme do in the
process?

35. Why might it be incorrect to assume that if one chromosome is larger than another, the larger
chromosome has more genes?

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