Industrial Pollution Control

Duhok Polytechnic University

Technical College of Engineering

Chemical Engineering Department

3rd Stage

2022-2023

Lecturer's Name: Experiment No. (5)

Mr. Kawar Abid Group (A)

Title of Experiment:
Measurement of Nitrates in the Industrial polluted Water by UV/ Visible
Spectroscopy

Student Name:

Mohammed Ibraheem Hussain

Date Expt. Performed:

02/11/2022

Date Report Submitted:

09/11/2022
Introduction

The advantages of high precision, high detection efficiency, nondestructive sampling,

environmental protection, low cost, and portability in recent years have led to the
development of ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) technology combined with a variety of
advanced technologies into an excellent and efficient tool for detecting pollutants in
aqueous environments. Using a correlation model of absorbance, organic matter, and
inorganic matter content, UV-Vis spectrum analysis is a key area for future
development in water quality monitoring. This analysis determines the level of water
pollution. Although some researchers have attempted to describe the area in the past
by highlighting the advancement of UV-Vis spectroscopy in this field of water
quality detection, its study objects and research methodologies have also undergone
significant modifications.

For various water quality criteria, numerous researchers have put forth a variety of
innovative study approaches. For instance, to determine the water quality index,
Giuliani et al. used wavelet transform and principal component analysis (PCA). Its
applicability was talked about. The water quality of the aquaculture region was
assessed by Ma et al. using the modified water quality index (WQI). PCA was used
to identify the primary variables affecting water quality. To clarify the study process
and methodologies, a review is therefore absolutely important.

Principle of UV-Vis Spectrometry

Based on the fact that water-borne pollutants can absorb UV-Vis light of a certain
wavelength, UV-Vis spectroscopy was developed. The amount of transmitted light is
decreased as an electron moves from its ground state to an excited state, absorbing
light of a certain wavelength. The Lambert-Beer rule states that there is a high
correlation between the absorption spectrum and the material content. This is how
UV-Vis spectroscopy is used to identify water contaminants. Although different
pollutants have different spectral curves and absorption properties, most pollutants
absorb light in the UV-Vis region. The Lambert-Beer law can therefore be used as
the theoretical foundation for determining the concentration of contaminants in water.
The spectral absorption range of NO3-N and NO2-N, for example, is 200–250 nm,
and is one of many metrics frequently employed to detect water quality. Within the
wavelength range of 380–750 nm, organic materials and turbidity are efficiently
absorbed.

Objective

To determine the amount of Nitrates in polluted Water by UV/ Visible Spectroscopy

Equipment

1) Weight balance.
2) Graduated pipet.
3) UV-Visible spectroscopy.
4) Wash bottle.
5) Volumetric flask.
6) Dropper.

Chemical required
1) Sodium nitrate (NaNO3).
2) Di water.
3) Distillate water
4) Tap water.
Procure:

1. first measure 0.85 g NaNO3 and mixed with 100ml DI water.

2. secondly measure 8.5 ml HCl and mixed with DI water until reach to 100 ml
of mixed .
3. Now put 4ml of mixture (NaNO3+DI water) in volumetric flask and add to it
DI water until reach 100ml.
4. do same step (3) for 3ml , 2ml , 1ml of mixture (NaNO3+DI water ).
5. put drop of mixture ( HCl + DI water ) with DI water in blank and clean the
blank and put in UV meter .
6. add 10 drop HCl to mixture of ( NaNO3+ DI water) in second blank and
clean it and put the blank in UV meter .
7. standard the UV meter by maximum WL step by step until reach to
maximum WL and is ( 241.2 ) is maximum WL and WL of blank is zero .
8. Now measure the WL of mixture (NaNO3 + DI water ) for ( 1ml , 2ml , 3ml ,
4ml ) .
9. finally measure the WL of sample and explained the concentration of NO3 in
sample by ml .
 Graph

0.7 0.6635
0.55
0.65 0.6105
0.6 0.5575
0.55
0.55 0.5045
0.5
0.4515
0.45
0.3985
0.4
0.3455
0.35
0.2925
WL

0.3
0.2395
0.25
0.199
0.2
0.15 0.111
0.088
0.1
0.03
0.05
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
PPm
Conclusion and discussion

The conclusion about this experiment is to measure the amount of nitrates

(NO3) in water sample and how affected on the nature when the amount of (NO3)
increase in water have effect on live and when the amount of nitrates increase in
water we must treatment the water to reduce the nitrites in water. the WL of water
sample is (0.55) WL and concentration of nitrites is (11) ppm.