NETWORK It is also used to mean the interconnection of

several local area networks by bridging them with

A network consists of two or more computers that backbone lines. The latter usage is also
are linked in order to share resources (such as printers sometimes referred to as a campus network.
and CD-ROMs), exchange files, or allow electronic
communications. The computers on a network may be Wide Area Network
linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves,
satellites, or infrared light beams. Wide Area Networks (WANs) connect larger
geographic areas, such as Florida, the United
There are three basic types of networks which States, or the world. Dedicated transoceanic
includes the following: cabling or satellite uplinks may be used to connect
this type of network.
Local Area Network
Networking Devices
- A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network that is confined
to a relatively small area. It is generally limited to a
geographic area such as a writing lab, school, or building.
Rarely are LAN computers more than a mile apart.
Hub is a small, simple,
In a typical LAN configuration, one computer is designated inexpensive device that
as the file server. It stores all of the software that controls joins multiple computers
the network, as well as the software that can be shared by together. Many network
the computers attached to the network. hubs available today support the Ethernet standard.
Other types including USB hubs also exist, but Ethernet
is the type traditionally used in home networking.
Computers connected to the file server are called
workstations. The workstations can be less
powerful than the file server, and they may have
additional software on their hard drives. On most
LANs, cables are used to connect the network Ethernet
interface cards in each computer. switch is a
device that
Metropolitan Area Network gathers the
A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a network signals from devices that are connected to
that interconnects users with computer resources it, and then regenerates a new copy of
in a geographic area or region larger than that each signal.
covered by even a large local area network (LAN)
but smaller than the area covered by a wide area
network (WAN).
 Bridge is Network interface is a device that connects a client computer,
a device server, printer or other component to your network. Most often,
filters data a network interface consists of a small electronic circuit board
traffic at a that is inserted into a slot inside a computer or perform a simple
function:
network
Modem is a contraction of the terms
boundary.
modulator and demodulator.
Bridges
Modems demodulates at the
reduce the receiving end.
amount of
traffic on a LAN by dividing it into two
segments.

Routers are small physical devices that

join multiple
networks Network firewall protects a computer
together. network from unauthorized access. Network

Network gateway is an internetworking

system capable of joining together two
networks that use different base protocols. A
network
firewalls may be hardware devices, software
gateway can
programs, or a combination of the two.
be Network firewalls guard an internal
implemented computer network (home, school, business
completely in intranet) against malicious access from the
software, outside. Network firewalls may also be
completely in configured to limit access to the outside
hardware, or from internal users.
as a combination of both.
MATERIALS, TOOLS, EQUIPMENT and TESTING
DEVICES
 LAN Card – is a USB – Universal Serial Bus, a hardware interface for low-speed
network interface peripherals such as the keyboard, mouse, joystick, scanner,
card. This is a printer and telephony devices.
computer circuit Printer - is a piece of hardware that produces a paper copy
board or card that is (also known as ‘hardcopy’) of the information generated by the
installed in a computer so that it can be computer.
connected to a network. RAM – Random Access Memory, is a primary
memory. This memory is used inside the
computer to hold programs and data while it
is running.
Server – is a part of a network. It is a special computer
that users on the network can
access to carry out a particular job. BIOS – Basic Input/ Output System, chip that
controls the most basic functions of the computer
and performs a self-test every time you turn it on.

Port hub /Port – is a connector on the Flash drive– RAM that can retain data without electrical power.
back of a computer or other device. A port It is widely used for BIOS chips and for digital camera and
is either a serial port or a parallel port. digital music storage

Modem - (Modulator-Demodulator) The

modem is a device that allows a given
computer to share data or otherwise a
device which let computers exchange
information
Scanner- it is an input device that read text or illustration printed
on paper, translates the information into a
form that a computer can use
Video Camera - camera using
videotape: a camera that records onto
videotape
Long nose Pliers – is used for holding, bending and stretching
the lead of electronics component or
connecting wire.

Flat Screw Driver – is used to drive or fasten negative Soldering Iron – is used to join
slotted screws two or more metal conductors
with the support of soldering
lead melted around it.
Desoldering Tool – is used to unsolder unwanted parts or
component in the circuit with
the support of soldering pencil
Philips Screw Driver- is used to drive or fasten positive slotted
screws

LAN Tester- for RJ11,12,45& BNC w/ Remote Unit This

ergonomic tester is designed to test most
network cable wiring. You can either
conduct an auto or manual test.
UTP – Unshielded Twisted Pair, is a
popular type of cable used in computer
networking that consists of two shielded
wires twisted around each