INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY OF CAMBODIA

FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY

Report of Laboratory Work

TP 2: Relation between three liquid components in a mixture

Lecturer: Ms. Nat Yukleav

Group: I3-GCA-F-G2

Students ID
- SOK Molyna e20200167
- SIENG Chakriya e20200118
- SNGOUN Soknin e20200862
- SIENG Vanny e20200850
- SONG Linda e20200137
- SEANG Sinoun e20201074

Academic Year: 2022-2023

 Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................... 2
1.1 Background................................................................................................. 2
1.2Objective ...................................................................................................... 2
2. MATERIALS AND METHOD ..................................................................... 3
2.1Materials.................................................................................................... 3
2.2 Method...................................................................................................... 3
3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION ....................................................................... 5
3.1 Result ........................................................................................................... 5
3.2 Discussion.................................................................................................. 10
4. CONCLUSION.............................................................................................. 11
REFERENCE .................................................................................................... 11

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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background

Relation between three liquid components in a mixture or we can call it three component
systems. It can be described by ternary phase diagrams. The phase diagrams for ternary mixtures,
it is also called as Gibbs phase triangle, triangle plot, ternary graph, simplex plot, or Gibbs triangle.
These map the mole functions on triangular graph paper at constant temperature and pressure.
Ternary phase diagrams are used to represent phase behavior when three liquid components are
present. Ternary phase diagrams give precise and accurate data of the various composite component
systems of pharmaceuticals. There are three liquid components that we use for this experiment is
Acetone, Toluene and distilled water. It's a liquid that is the phase of matter in which molecules
can move around freely, but still experience forces that keep them together (Chemistry, 2021;
Dhoot et al., 2018).

1.2 Objective

In this experiment, we can learn and understand how to determine the unknow
percentage of a component in a mixture or a system (that contain three different components)
while we know the amount of only the two components by using equilateral triangle’s apex
(Gibbs theory).

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2. MATERIALS AND METHOD
2.1 Materials

Table 2.1: Materials and Reactant

Materials Reactant
Beaker 2 Distilled water.
E-flask 8 Methanol
Pro pipette 2 Toluene
Pipette 2
Burette 3

2.2 Method

Firstly, we need to clean burette with distilled water. And then we prepare toluene 7ml
and methanol 3ml of methanol and put it in each beaker and use pipette with pro pipette to
pump toluene from the beaker, especially we put it into the Erlenmeyer. Swirl gently to make
them mix well. We start to titrate the mixture in Erlenmeyer with distilled water. By dropping
distilled water from the burette into Erlenmeyer. We titrate until it changes its color from
translucent color into white precipitate color.

Methanol
Toluene

Figure 2.1: Pumping solution Methanol and Toluene

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 Distilled water

Methanol mixes with toluene

 After experiment

Figure 2.2: Solution after titrated.

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3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
3.1 Result
 Calculate the different percentage of the components A, B, C in system.
We let that A= Methanol, B= Toluene, C=Distilled water

𝑉×100
By formula: %V= 𝑉
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
 For VA = 3ml, VB =7ml, VC=1.2ml

We get: Vtotal= 3+7+1.2 = 11.2ml

3×100
 %VA = = 26.78%
11.2

7×100
 %VB = = 62.5%
11.2

1.2×100
 %VC = = 10.71%
11.2

 For VA = 4.5ml, VB =5.5ml, VC =1.8ml

We get: Vtotal= 4.5+5.5+1.8 = 11.8ml

4.5×100
 %VA = = 38.13%
11.8

5.5×100
 %VB = = 46.61%
11.8

1.8×100
 %VC = = 15.25%
11.8

 For VX = 6ml, VY =4ml, VZ =1.8ml

We get: Vtotal= 6+4+1.8 = 11.8ml

6×100
 %VA = = 50.84%
11.8

4×100
 %VB = = 33.89%
11.8

1.8×100
 %VC = = 15.25%
11.8

 For VA = 7ml, VB =3ml, VC =1.9ml

We get: Vtotal= 7+3+1.9 = 11.9ml

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 7×100
 %VA = = 58.82%
11.9

3×100
 %VB = = 25.21%
11.9

1.9×100
 %VC = = 15.96%
11.9

 For VA= 8ml, VB =2ml, VC =2.2ml

We get: Vtotal= 8+2+2.2 = 12.2ml

8×100
 %VA = = 65.57%
12.2

2×100
 %VB = = 16.39%
12.2

2.2×100
 %VC = = 18.03%
12.2

 For VA = 8.5ml, VB =1.5ml, VC =4.1ml

We get: Vtotal= 8.5+1.5+4.1 = 14.1ml

8.5×100
 %VA = = 60.28%
14.1

1.5×100
 %VB= = 10.63%
14.1

4.1×100
 %VC = = 29.07%
14.1

 For VA = 9ml, VB =1ml, VC =3.1ml

We get: Vtotal= 9+1+3.1 = 13.1ml

9×100
 %VA = = 68.70%
13.1

1×100
 %VB= = 7.63%
13.1

3.1×100
 %VC= = 23.66%
13.1

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  For VA = 9.5ml, VB =0.5ml, VC =5ml

We get: Vtotal= 9.5+0.5+5 = 15ml

9.5×100
 %VA = = 63.33%
15

0.5×100
 %VB = = 3.33%
15

5×100
 %VC = = 33.33%
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Table 3.1: The result different percentage of the components A, B, C in the system and
volume

N0 % Of the 2 Composition in the 3 Composition in the 3

components components of the system in components of the system in
mL mL
Methanol Toluene Methanol Toluene Water Methanol Toluene Water
1 30 70 3 7 1.2 26.78 62.50 10.71
2 45 55 4.5 5.5 1.8 38.13 46.61 15.25
3 60 40 6 4 1.8 50.84 33.89 15.25
4 70 30 7 3 1.9 58.82 25.21 15.96
5 80 20 8 2 2.2 65.57 16.39 18.03
6 85 15 8.5 1.5 4.1 60.28 10.63 29.07
7 90 10 9 1 3.1 68.70 7.63 23.66
8 95 5 9.5 0.5 5 63.33 3.33 33.33

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  Gibbs theory 1

A= is volume methanol pecentage

B= is volume toluene percentage
C= is volume D. W percentage

We draw this triangle to find a concentration that we don’t know ( know 2 concentrations
and don’t know 1 concentration) and we want to verify the concentration that we found by
calculate above.

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 Gibbs theory 2

A= is volume methanol pecentage

B= is volume toluene percentage
C= is volume D. W percentage

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3.2 Discussion

we can notice that Ternary phase diagram are 3 component systems. To construct a
ternary diagram, it is necessary to know three binary systems for the three components. The
ternary diagram has a methanol (CH3OH), Toluene and distilled water axis. axis the actual
ternary diagram maybe represents as a three-dimensional form or more commonly as a two-
dimensional projection of the liquid surface onto the base of the triangle created when the
three binary diagrams are joined together. In this system, there are 3 components but only one
phase exists. Each peak of the triangle will represent 100% of different components
respectively. Each mixture was titrated with distilled water unit cloudiness was observed.
The volume of water required for complete titration of each mixture was recorded. After the
data was gathered, get the percentage of three components we must be plotted onto the
triangle diagram.

After we do this experiment, we can see that:

 1st E-flask: It has a lot of small bubbles, even if we shake it, the molecules stick
together into a bubble.
 2nd E-Flask: It has a several large bubbles more than small bubbles, it separates
between bubbles and no color.
 3rd E-Flask: It has a big bubble in the middle and many small bubbles.
 4th E-flask: It has a few big bubbles and a few small bubbles.
 5th E-Flask: there are only small bubbles.
 6th E-Flask: It has only one big bubble in the middle.
 7th E-Flask: It has a few small bubbles, and it has a clear white color and smooth.
 8th E-Flask: It has a clear white color and smooth without bubbles.
 The reason that make it has big bubbles and small bubbles, because the amount of
methanol, toluene and distilled that we used in this experiment are different.

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4. CONCLUSION
In this experiment, the proponents were able to determine the ternary phase diagram
for Methanol, Toluene, and water ternary system. The experiment was done by mixing
different volumes of Methanol and Toluene. Then water was titrated into the mixture. As the
mixture turns cloudy. The reaction of water, Methanol and Toluene will appear as a two
phase's system due to the decreasing in solubility of the mixture. From the experiment, as the
volume methanol and Toluene decreases, more water is needed for it to break the
homogeneity.

REFERENCE

https://www.academia.edu/31529417/I_Experiment_3_II_Three_Component_Systems
.

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