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Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

People consider different factors that can help them to identify a good leader.

Leaders that shape our nation, communities, and organizations. We need good leaders to

help guide us and make the essential large-scale decisions that keep the world moving.

Our society is usually quick to identify a bad leader, but how to identify a good one?

What would most people say makes a good leader? Political Socialization is one that can

help us to identify a good one. It is the process through which a person develops political

beliefs and opinions that influence their behavior in social spheres. Our families are the

most significant influence on our political beliefs and opinions. This is often because our

families are the group with whom we spend most of our time during our formative years,

and in many cases, they are the group whose opinions we value the most. Next to our

families, the media is the most significant influence on our beliefs because it is often the

way in which we acquire information about the world. The media has a strong ability to

influence or validate our political beliefs and opinions. Our school environments are an

important influence because they are places in which we spend a considerable amount of

time and where we are exposed to new ideas, different people, and belief systems.

although it does not have a direct impact on our political beliefs, most religious groups

have strong political beliefs which tend to influence the members' opinions; therefore,

they can strengthen or weaken current political beliefs. Rather than being the result of

just one or two influences, our political socialization is a combination of the previous
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factors working together to produce our belief systems. For example, if you were raised

in a politically conservative household, it is very likely that your parents' conservative

beliefs would influence your early understanding of politics. According to Almond,

political socialization “not only gives us insight into the pattern of political culture and

subcultures in [a] society, but also locates for us in the processes of the society the point

where particular qualities and elements are being sustained or modified” (Almond, 1960:

31).Hyman (1959, 25) defined political socialization as an individual’s “learning of

social patterns corresponding to his societal position as mediated through various

agencies of society.” It is a process of largely informal learning that almost everyone

experiences throughout life as a consequence of interactions with parents, family, friends,

neighbors, peers, colleagues, and so forth. Merelman (1986, 279; emphasis added) further

describes political socialization as “the process by which people acquire relatively

enduring orientations toward politics in general and toward their own political system”.

Our research aims to inform every individual the impact of political socialization. The

researcher will conduct a survey and interview to grade 10 students of Pulo National

High School to know their perspective about political socialization and their different

basis in choosing a good leader.

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Theoretical Framework

In general terms, political socialization is the political influence of our family,

friends, schools environments ,and media. In order to know the result of our study the

researcher will conduct a survey, provide a guide question to the selected grade 10

students of Pulo National High School and also interview some of them. They have

different perspective some of them said that as they choose a leader they look at the

personality of the candidates not by their looks but their ability to handle it’s

subordinates. And other said that they just only depend on what they saw or heard on

someone.

Conceptual Framework

-Impact of Political -Survey -Positive and

Socialization
-Interview -Negative
-Selected grade 10 Perception
students of PNHS

Feedback
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Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the impact of political socialization on the personality

of selected grade 10 students of Pulo National High School.

Specifically, this sought answers to the following sub-problems:

• Which among of the family, friend, social media, and school environment has the

strongest influence on their political socialization?

• What is the basis of the selected grade 10 students in choosing a good leader?

• How did the selected grade 10 students family influence them?

• Are the selected grade 10 students a member of an organization in school or on

their place?

• How does the environment change affect them in political socialization?

Statement of the Hypothesis

Based on the identified problems, the researchers formulated the following

hypothesis:

H0: There is an impact of Political Socialization on the Personality of Selected Grade 10

Students of PNHS SY 2018-2019.

Null Hypothesis

There is no impact of Political Socialization on the Personality of Selected Grade

10 Students of PNHS SY 2018-2019.

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Significance of the Study

This is envisioned to inform individual the impact of political socialization on the

personality of selected grade 10 students of Pulo National High School SY 2018-2019.

Specifically, the results of the study would benefit the following:

Grade 10 students. They would be able to become aware of the different basis that can

help them to identify a good leader .And also help them to know if they will have a

ability to become a leader.

Researchers. This study would be beneficial to the researchers in determining the

different personality of the selected grade 10 students and their different basis in

identifying a good leader and who among of their family, friends, school environment

and media influence them the most.

Future Researcher. This study will be beneficial to the future researcher regarding the

afore mentioned research topic and related topics about political socialization. This study

consists of information that can be used as reference for their research.

Scope and Delimitation

The extent of this study covered only the impact of political socialization on the

personality of selected grade 10 students of Pulo National High School in Pulo Cabuyao

Laguna, SY 2018-2019. However, other areas such as the religion and nationality or

anything that is not the scope or not included in this study. The nature of the study used is

by conducting a survey providing questionnaire, and using a simple interview with each

individual using recording material such as tape recorder and a camera.

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Definition of Terms

Beliefs- a state or habit of mind in which trust or confidence is placed in some person or

thing.

Family- is an important agent for transmission of the norms and values of a dominant

culture. It both imparts and preserves the culture and value system of a society or a

community.

Individuals- intended for one person.

Leadership- the office or position of a leader; capacity to lead.

Political Socialization- is the process through which a person develops political beliefs

and opinions that influence their behavior in social spheres.

School Environment- A positive school environment is defined as a school having

appropriate facilities, well-managed classrooms, available school-based health supports,

and a clear, fair disciplinary policy.

Socialization- social interaction with others.

Society - companionship or association with one's fellows : friendly or intimate

intercourse.

Social media- forms of electronic communication (such as websites for social

networking and microblogging) through which users create online communities to share

information, ideas, personal messages, and other content (such as videos).

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Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter reviews the related literature which support and give credence to the

details of this research. The researchers anchored this comprehensive study to different

viewpoints and perspectives to present a thorough treatment of the problem. Concepts,

findings, theories, and notions, from scholarly researches and articles related to brand

popularity are presented to provide an extensive background of the study and to justify

the researchers’ objective in undertaking it. This also provides a synthesis of related

literature which later on may be confirmed, negated, or improved by the new knowledge

that this study provided.

Related Literature

According to Suberu (2007), political socialization is the product of interlocking

sets of macro and micro level phenomena. The fundamental question underpinning macro

level political socialization research is how do polities transmit values, attitudes, beliefs,

opinions, and behaviors to the mass public? Micro level studies ask: how and why do

people become citizens? At the macro or political system level, political socialization is

the means by which polities and other political societies inculcate appropriate norms and

practices in citizens, residents, and members (Wattenberg 2007). Polities convey

established patterns of thought and action, laws and norms, and traditions and folkways

through agencies, such as the family, educational system, peer groups, mass media,

political institutions, community organizations, religious organizations, and the military.

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(Marshall, 1998). The kinds of questions that are addressed at the macro level focus on

where and how people develop the kinds of political orientations and practices that

transform the design of democratic constitutions and institutions into the creation of real,

functioning democratic polities (Osaghae, 1997). At the micro or individual level, poltical

socialization constitutes the patterns and processes by which individuals engage in

political development and learning, constructing their particular relationships to the

political contexts in which they live (Oddih, 2007). As a result of political socialization,

individuals acquire knowledge about the political system and how it works. They

internalize the society’s political value system and ideology, and come to understand its

symbols and rituals. They become informed about the role of active and passive members

of the polity, and many participate in political and civic life.

With a thorough understanding of the political system and possession of relevant

Political knowledge and attitude the various factors that hinder appropriate practice of

democracy and development of enlightened citizenship are gradually nipped in the bud

(Hooghe, 2004). The most common and important socializing events for many people as

they approach or enter adulthood are elections the time when politics is most salient in

national life and during which people forms political identities and establish patterns of

behavior that often persist over the life cycle (Ofoeze, 2001;Omotola, 2010). Many

political observers have traditionally concentrated on the family as the major socializing

agent, finding the political discussion within the home, parental voter turnout, and

political resources significantly impact political participation in young adulthood. During

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adolescence citizens learn about their democratic responsibilities and also acquire

political attitudes that translate into adult political behavior and opinions.

The family exerts the first and most important influence on formation of

individual values. As Almond (2008), observed, the direct and indirect influence of the

family the first socialization source that an individual encounters are normally powerful

and lasting. The family shapes future political attitudes by defining a social position for

the child; establishing ethnic, linguistic, class, and the religious ties, affirming cultural

values; and influencing job aspiration. The role of schools in transmitting civic education

cannot be over-emphasized. This entails the inculcation of fundamental values and beliefs

of society to the young. Through public education, stated seek to influence young people

before their moral character is fully formed. As Magstadt (2009) asserts, the ideal of

liberal education fits esily into the scheme of constitutional democracies that protect the

right to question authority. Simultaneously, higher levels of education seem most likely

to encourage citizens to participate meaningfully in politics. Education also affects the

political skills and resources of the public. Educated people are more aware of the impact

of government on their lives and pay more attention to politics. The better educated have

mental skills that improve their ability to manage the world of politics. They also have

more information about political processes and participate in a wider range of political

activities. (Almond et al,2008).

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Related Studies

Papaoikonomou, A. “The impact of political socialization on students’ behavior:

Empirical research in schools of Central Macedonia in Greece”. The aim of this

research is the depiction of secondary education students’ points of view about ‘the

diverse’. The concept of ’diversity’ is understood as “every attitude that comes in

contrast with what they believe is normal”. The questions were focused on matters of

gender, religion, and origin. It is expected that the presentation of results will clarify

the aspects of the pupils’ political socialization but will also give prominence to

topics that cause unpredictable behavior on their behalf.

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Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the methods that have been used in the collection and

analysis of data to answer the primary and secondary research questions of the study. It

explains the research design; respondents of the study, research locale, research

instruments, procedures in gathering data, statistical treatment used, and describe how

data collected from the research has been analyzed. Both qualitative and quantitative

research methods have been used in carrying out this research. However, the overall

approach will be qualitative because qualitative methods focus on the experiences of the

people involved and attempt to understand the reason behind the certain behavior

description (Taole,2008). The evaluation has been carried out using three systems of data

collection techniques, literature review, interview, questionnaires. The literature review

and interviews are used to collect both qualitative data while questionnaires are used to

collect both qualitative and quantitative data; thus the two will complement each other.

Research Design

The researcher chose a survey research design because it best served to answer

the questions and the purposes of the study.

The survey research is one in which a group of people or items is studied by collecting

and analyzing data from only a few people or items considered to be representative of the

entire group. In other words, only a part of the population is studied, and findings from

this are expected to be generalized to the entire population (Nworgu 1991:68). Similary,

McBurney (1994:170) defines the survey assessing public opinion or individual

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characteristics by the use of questionnaire and sampling methods.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents are gathered from selected Grade 10 students of Pulo National High

School S.Y 2018-2019. The result are 70% of the selected grade 10 students chooses

family while 30% of them choose friends and others. We ask their perception, for them

family can evaluate the reasons why you must choose the leader and they experienced it

already.

Research Locale

This study covered the selected grade 10 students in Pulo National High School S.Y

2018-2019 at Pulo, Cabuyao City Laguna.

Research Instrument

The researchers will use one research instrument in the study. Provide a guide question

that will be answer by the selected grade 10 students of Pulo National High School. Since

the questionnaire is self-constructed, the researchers will seek for the approval of their

research adviser for ensuring its content validity. And if necessary the researcher will also

conduct an interview to know more their perception using video recorder or a digicam.

Through this instrument the researcher will get the result of their study.

Procedure in Gathering Data

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After validating the tools for data collection, permission to gather necessary data will

be sought by the researchers from the selected grade 10 students of Pulo National High

School. Subsequently, the researchers will also explain the purpose of the study to the

respondents. During the gathering data, instructions of the survey will be discussed

clearly and will be clarified. The researchers will then collect the answered

questionnaires and the data gathered will be analyzed and interpreted using statistical

treatment.

Statistical Treatment

After data gathering, the results will be tabulated and ranked. The statistical tools used in

analyzing this quantitative study. To interpret the date effectively, the researcher will

employ the following statistical treatment. The Percentage, Weighted Mean and T-test

are the tools use to interpret data. We only used the percentage tool to interpret the data.

~Percentage

This will employ to determine the frequency counts and percentage distribution of

personal related variables of the respondents.

Formula:

%= F/N X100

% is the percentage

F is the frequency

N is the total number of respondents

100 is a constant value