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*1–32. B
A 6 kN
4 kN C
The built-up shaft consists of a pipe AB and solid rod BC. 8 kN
The pipe has an inner diameter of 20 mm and outer D 6 kN E
diameter of 28 mm. The rod has a diameter of 12 mm.
Determine the average normal stress at points D and E and
represent the stress on a volume element located at each of
these points.

Solution
At D:

P 4(103)
sD = = 2
= 13.3 MPa (C) Ans.
A p
4 (0.028 - 0.02 2)

At E:

P 8(103)
sE = = = 70.7 MPa (T) Ans.
A p
4 (0.012 2)

Ans:
sD = 13.3 MPa, sE = 70.7 MPa

32

CH 01.indd 22 11/29/10 10:18:36 AM

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1–39.

Determine the average normal stress in each of the C P

20-mm-diameter bars of the truss. Set P = 40 kN.

1.5 m

A B

Solution
Internal Loadings: The force developed in each member of the truss can be determined 2m
by using the method of joints. First, consider the equilibrium of joint C, Fig. a,

+ ΣFx = 0;           4
S 40 - FBC a b = 0          
FBC = 50 kN (C)
5

3
+ c ΣFy = 0;          
50 a b - FAC = 0           
FAC = 30 kN (T)
5

Subsequently, the equilibrium of joint B, Fig. b, is considered

+ ΣFx = 0;          4
S 50 a b - FAB = 0          
FAB = 40 kN (T)
5

Average Normal Stress: The cross-sectional area of each of the bars is

p
A = (0.022) = 0.3142(10 - 3) m2. We obtain,
4
FBC 50(103)
(savg)BC = = = 159 MPa Ans.
A 0.3142(10 - 3)

FAC 30(103)
(savg)AC = = = 95.5 MPa Ans.
A 0.3142(10 - 3)

FAB 40(103)
(savg)AB = = = 127 MPa Ans.
A 0.3142(10 - 3)

Ans:
(savg)BC = 159 MPa,
(savg)AC = 95.5 MPa,
(savg)AB = 127 MPa

39
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1–47.

If P = 15 kN, determine the average shear stress in the pins

at A, B, and C. All pins are in double shear, and each has a
diameter of 18 mm. P 4P 4P 2P
0.5 m 0.5 m
1m 1.5 m 1.5 m
C
30
B A

Solution
For pins B and C:

V 82.5 ( 103 )
tB = tC = = p 18 2 = 324 MPa Ans.
4 1 1000 2
A

For pin A:

FA = 2(82.5)2 + (142.9)2 = 165 kN

V 82.5 ( 103 )
tA = = p 18 2 = 324 MPa Ans.
4 1 1000 2
A

Ans:
tB = tC = 324 MPa,
tA = 324 MPa

47
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The two steel members are joined together using a 30° scarf 15 kN
weld. Determine the average normal and average shear
stress resisted in the plane of the weld.

20 mm
30
Solution
40 mm
Internal Loadings: Referring to the FBD of the upper segment of the member
sectioned through the scarf weld, Fig. a,

ΣFx = 0; N - 15 sin 30° = 0 N = 7.50 kN

ΣFy = 0; V - 15 cos 30° = 0 V = 12.99 kN

Average Normal and Shear Stress: The area of the scarf weld is 15 kN

0.04
A = 0.02 a b = 1.6 ( 10-3 ) m2
sin 30°

Thus,

N 7.50 ( 103 )
s = = = 4.6875 ( 106 ) Pa = 4.69 MPa Ans.
An 1.6 ( 10-3 )
V 12.99 ( 103 )
t = = = 8.119 ( 106 ) Pa = 8.12 MPa Ans.
Av 1.6 ( 10-3 )

Ans:
s = 4.69 MPa,
t = 8.12 MPa

59
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2018 Pearson Education,
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reserved. All
This rights reserved.
material Thisunder
is protected material is protected
all copyright under
laws all copyright
as they laws asNo
currently exist. they currently
portion of
exist. No portion of thismay
this material material may be reproduced,
be reproduced, in or
in any form anybyform or by any
any means, means,permission
without without permission
in writing in writing
from from the publisher.
the publisher.

1–69. The tension member is fastened together using two

bolts, one on each side of the member as shown. Each bolt 60�
has a diameter of 0.37.5 in.mm. Determine
Determinethethemaximum
maximum load
load
P
P P
that
P can
that canbebeapplied
appliedtotothethemember
member ifif the
the allowable shear
for the
stress for the bolts tallow==8412MPa
bolts isistallow ksi and
and the allowable
average normal stress is sallow ==140 ksi.
20 MPa.

Solution

a + ©Fy = 0; N - P sin 60° = 0

N = 0.8660 P

b+ ©Fx = 0; V - P cos 60° = 0

V = 0.5P

Assume failure due to shear:

V 0.5P
tallow = = ; 84(106 )
2Ab 2  π4 (0.00752 )
 
P = 14.84(10 3 ) N = 14.84 kN

Assume failure due to normal force:

N 0.8660 P
sallow = = ; 140(106 )
2Ab 2  π4 (0.00752 )
 
P = 14.28(103 ) N = 14.3 kN (controls) Ans.

Ans:
P = 14.3 kN (controls)

69

CH 01.indd 54 11/29/10 10:19:35 AM

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2–3. 

If the load P on the beam causes the end C to be displaced

10 mm downward, determine the normal strain in wires CE D E
and BD.

4m

A B C
Solution
∆LBD ∆LCE 3m 2m 2m
=
3 7
3 (10)
∆LBD = = 4.286 mm
7
∆LCE 10
PCE = = = 0.00250 mm>mm Ans.
L 4000
∆LBD 4.286
PBD = = = 0.00107 mm>mm Ans.
L 4000

Ans:
PCE = 0.00250 mm>mm, PBD = 0.00107 mm>mm

108
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*2–12.
y
Determine the shear strain gxy at corners A and B if
the plastic distorts as shown by the dashed lines. 12 mm
4 mm

3 mm 8 mm
B
C

300 mm

2 mm x
A
Solution D
400 mm
5 mm
Geometry: Referring to the geometry shown in Fig. a, the small-angle analysis gives
7
a = c = = 0.022876 rad
306
5
b = = 0.012255 rad
408
2
u = = 0.0049383 rad
405

Shear Strain: By definition,

(gA)xy = u + c = 0.02781 rad = 27.8(10-3) rad Ans.

(gB)xy = a + b = 0.03513 rad = 35.1(10-3) rad Ans.

Ans:
(gA)xy = 27.8(10-3) rad
(gB)xy = 35.1(10-3) rad

117
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3–7. A specimen isisoriginally

originally3001 ftmm
long, hashas
long, a diameter
a diameterof
0.5 12
of in.,mm,
and isandsubjected to a force
is subjected to aofforce
500 lb.
ofWhen
2.5 kN.theWhen
force
is increased
the from 500 lb
force is increased to 1800
from lb, the
2.5 kN to 9specimen
kN,, the elongates
specimen
0.009 in. 0.225
elongates Determine the modulus
mm. Determine of elasticity
the modulus for the
of elasticity for
material
the if it if
material remains linear
it remains elastic.
linear elastic.

Solution
P dL
Normal Stress and Strain: Applying s = and e = .
A L

2.5(10 3 ) 6
=σ1 = =
22.10(10 ) N/m 2 22.10 MPa
π (0.012 2 )
4

9(10 3 ) 6
=σ2 = =
79.58(10 ) N/m 2 79.58 MPa
π (0.012 2
)
4

0.225
∆ε
= = 0.000750 mm/mm
300

Modulus of Elasticity:

∆σ (79.58 − 22.10)(106 )
=
E = = 76.63(109 ) =
Pa 76.6 GPa Ans.
∆ε 0.000750

Ans:
E  76.6 GPa

147
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3–9. The s -P diagram for elastic fibers that make up s (MPa)

human skin and muscle is shown. Determine the modulus of
elasticity of the fibers and estimate their modulus of 0.385
toughness and modulus of resilience.

0.077
P (mm/mm)
1 2 2.25

s (MPa)
Solution
0.385
0.077
E = = 0.0385 MPa Ans.
2
1 0.077
(U i )r = 0.077(106 ) N/m 2  (2 m/m)
2  P (mm/mm)
1 2 2.25
3 3 3
= 77.0(10 ) N ⋅ m/=
m 77.0 kJ/m Ans.

1
(U i )t = 0.077(106 ) N/m 2  (2 m/m)
2 

+ {
1 
2 
}
0.077(106 ) + 0.385(106 ) N/m 2 [(2.25 − 2) m/m ]

3
= 134.75 N ⋅ m/m= 135 kJ/m 3 Ans.

Ans:
E = 0.0385 MPa, (Ui)r = 77.0 kJ>m3,
(Ui)t = 135 kJ>m3

149
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3–27.

The elastic portion of the stress–strain diagram for an s (MPa)

aluminum alloy is shown in the figure. The specimen from
which it was obtained has an original diameter of 12.7 mm 490
and a gage length of 50.8 mm. When the applied load on the
specimen is 50 kN, the diameter is 12.67494 mm. Determine
Poisson’s ratio for the material.

Solution P (mm/ mm)

0.007
Average Normal Stress:

N 50 ( 10 )
3
s = = = 394.71 ( 106 ) Pa = 394.71 MPa
A p
( 0.0127 )
2
4

Average Normal Strain: Referring to the stress–strain diagram, the modulus of

490 ( 106 )
elasticity is E = = 70.0 ( 109 ) Pa = 70.0 GPa.
0.007

s 394.71 ( 106 )
Plong = = = 0.0056386 mm>mm
E 70.0 ( 109 )
d - d0 12.67494 - 12.7
Plat = = = - 0.0019732
d0 12.7

Poisson’s Ratio: The lateral and longitudinal strain can be related using Poisson’s
ratio, that is
Plat ( - 0.019732)
n = - = - = 0.350 Ans.
Plong 0.0056386

Ans:
n = 0.350

167
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© 2010 Pearson
Pearson Education,
Education, Ltd.
Inc., All rights
Upper Saddlereserved. This
River, NJ. Allmaterial is protected
rights reserved. This under all is
material copyright laws
protected as they
under currently laws
all copyright exist.asNo portion
they currently
exist. Noofportion
this material
of thismay be reproduced,
material in any form
may be reproduced, or by
in any anyor
form means, without
by any means,permission in writinginfrom
without permission the from
writing publisher.
the publisher.

3–33. The support consists of three rigid plates, which

are connected together using two symmetrically placed
rubber pads. If a vertical force of 5 N is applied to plate
A, determine the approximate vertical displacement of C B
this plate due to shear strains in the rubber. Each pad
has cross-sectional dimensions of 30 mm and 20 mm.
Gr = 0.20 MPa. 40 mm 40 mm

A
Solution
5N
V 2.5
tavg = = = 4166.7 Pa
A (0.03)(0.02)

t 4166.7
g = = = 0.02083 rad
G 0.2(106)

d = 40(0.02083) = 0.833 mm Ans.

Ans.
d = 0.833 mm

173

CH 03.indd 115 1/18/11 2:08:38 PM

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4–2.  The copper shaft is subjected to the axial loads shown. 2m 3.75 m 2.5 m
Determine the displacement of end A with respect to 22.5 kN 9 kN
36 kN 27 kN
end D if the diameters of each segment are dAB = 20 mm,
dBC = 25 mm, and dCD = 12 mm. Take Ecu = 126 GPa. A 22.5 kN B D
C 9 kN

Solution

PL −36(10 3 )(2000) 9(10 3 )(3750) 27(10 3 )(2500)

δ A −D =
∑ = + +
AE  π (0.02 2 ) 126(109 )  π (0.0252 ) 126(109 )  π (0.012 2 ) 126(109 )
4   4   4  

= 3.4635
= mm 3.46 mm Ans.

The positive sign indicates that end A moves away from end D.

Ans:
dA>D = 3.46 mm away from end D.

186
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4–9.

The assembly consists of two 10-mm diameter red brass 300 mm 450 mm
C83400 copper rods AB and CD, a 15-mm diameter 304
stainless steel rod EF, and a rigid bar G. If P = 5 kN, A B P
determine the horizontal displacement of end F of rod EF.
E 4P
F

C DG P

Solution
Internal Loading: The normal forces developed in rods EF, AB, and CD are shown
on the free-body diagrams in Figs. a and b.

p
Displacement: The cross-sectional areas of rods EF and AB are AEF = (0.0152) =
4
p
56.25(10 - 6)p m2 and AAB = (0.012) = 25(10 - 6)p m2.
4

PL PEF LEF PAB LAB

dF = Σ = +
AE AEF Est AAB Ebr
20(103)(450) 5(103)(300)
= +
-6
56.25(10 )p(193)(10 ) 9
25 ( 10 - 6)p(101)(109)
= 0.453 mm Ans.

The positive sign indicates that end F moves away from the fixed end.

Ans:
dF = 0.453 mm

193
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*4–36.

The A-36 steel pipe has an outer radius of 20 mm and an

A B C
inner radius of 15 mm. If it fits snugly between the fixed 8 kN
walls before it is loaded, determine the reaction at the walls
when it is subjected to the load shown. 8 kN
300 mm 700 mm

Solution
+ ΣFx = 0;    FA + FC - 16 = 0
S (1)

By superposition:
+ )    0 = - ∆ + d
(S C C

- 16 (300) FC (1000)
0 = +
AE AE

FC = 4.80 kN Ans.

From Eq. (1),

FA = 11.2 kN Ans.

Ans:
FC = 4.80 kN,
FA = 11.2 kN

220