Professional Documents
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Sustainable Modern Municipal Building
Sustainable Modern Municipal Building
RESEARCH IN
DESIGN 04
PLATE NO. 2
(SUSTAINABLE MODERN
MUNICIPAL BUILDING)
NACHOR, ARNEL
BSA – 2A
PROFESSOR
I. INTRODUCTION
II. OBJECTIVES
III. DEFINITION OF TERMS
IV. RELATED LITERATURE
V. DESIGN FRAMEWORK
I. INTRODUCTION
II. OBJECTIVES
Location
The proposed municipal hall is located along Mercedes (4601), Camarines Sur.
Mercedes is a 2nd class and coastal municipality in the province of Camarines Norte,
Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 50, 841 people. The
municipality has a land area of 173.69 km^2 or 64 square miles which constitutes 7.49% of
Camarines Norte province, or 0.88% of the overall population of the Bicol region. Based on
this density is computed 293 inhabitants per square kilometers or 758 inhabitants per square
miles.
CLIMATE
The climate type on the location of Mercedes, Camarines Sur is tropical rainforest
climate. The region has a tropical climate. The rainfall in Mercedes is significant throughout
the year, with precipitation even during the driest month. This location is classified as Af by
Köppen and Geiger. The average annual temperature is 26.7 °C | 80.1 °F in Mercedes. The
annual rainfall is 2428 mm | 95.6 inch.
Terrain
Camarines Sur lies at the center of the Bicol Peninsula. The province is also the
largest in the Bicol Region with a land area of 5,266.8 square kilometers. At the center of the
province is Bicol Plain. Surrounding it are mountains, two of which are Mount Isarog and
Mount Iriga. The eastern part of the province lies on the mountainous Caramoan Peninsula,
which faces the island of Catanduanes to the east.
The Bicol River drains the central and southern parts of the province into San Miguel
Bay. Mt. Asog is surrounded by three lakes: Buhi, Bato, and Baao.
TYPE OF LOT
Fire-resistive rating means the degree to which a material can withstand fire as
determined by generally recognized and accepted testing methods.
Fire-resistive time period rating is the length of time a material can withstand being
burned which may be one-hour, two-hours, three-hours, four-hours, etc.
These are the buildings which are used for transaction of business, for keeping of
accounts and records. The buildings used for professional establishments, service facilities,
etc., also come under this class of buildings. City halls, town halls, court houses and
libraries are also classified in this group so far as the principal function of these is
transaction of public business and keeping of books and records. The following are the
subdivisions of business buildings:
E–2: Laboratories, research establishments and test houses belong to this subdivision.
SECTION 709. Requirements for All Group Occupancies Except Group A Type of
Occupancy
Subject to the provisions of this Code, the Secretary shall promulgate rules and
regulations for each of the other Group Occupancies covering: allowable construction,
height, and area; location on property, exit facilities, light, ventilation, and sanitation;
enclosures of vertical openings; fire extinguishing systems; and special hazards.
For buildings of more than two (2) storeys in height, the minimum width of the rear or
side court shall be increased at the rate of 300 millimeters for each additional storey up to
the fourteenth (14th) storey (Figure VIII.20 showing incremental setbacks). For buildings
exceeding fourteen (14) storeys in height, the required width of the court shall be computed
on the basis of fourteen (14) storeys.
Uncovered Driveways, Access Roads and Parking Spaces may be considered part of
the open space provide<t that they are open and unobstructed from the ground upward as in
courts and yards.
a. The parking slot, parking area and loading/unloading space requirements listed
hereafter are generally the minimum off-street cum on-site requirements for specific
uses/occupancies for buildings/structures, i.e., all to be located outside of the road right-of-
way (RROW).
b. The size of an average automobile (car) parking slot must be computed at 2.50
meters by 5.00 meters for perpendicular or diagonal parking and at 2.15 meters by 6.00
meters for parallel parking. A standard truck or bus parking/loading slot must be computed
at a minimum of 3.60 meters by 12.00 meters. An articulated truck slot must be computed
at a minimum of 3.60 meters by 18.00 meters which should be sufficient to accommodate a
12.00-meter container van or bulk carrier and a long/hooded prime mover. A jeepney or
shuttle parking/loading/unloading slot must be complied at a minimum of 3.00 meters by
9.00 meters. The parking slots shaft be drawn to scale and the total number of which shall
be indicated on the plans and specified whether or not parking accommodations are
attendant-managed.
c. The parking space ratings listed below are minimum off-street/off-RROW cum on-
site requirements for the proposed municipality hall of Mercedes, Camarines Norte:
Table 2. Minimum Required Off-Street (Off-RROW) cum On-Site Parking Slot, Parking-
Area and Loading/Unloading Space Requirements
Specific Uses or of Occupancy Reference Uses or Character of Minimum Required Parking Slot,
(refer to Section.1.3 of this Rule) Occupancies or Type of Parking Area and Loading
Building/Structure Space Requirements
Group E
E-1 Terminals, Inter-modals or One (1) car slot for every
Multi-modals. Depots and the 500.00 sq. meters of gross
like (UTS) floor area or for a fraction
thereof; and one (1) off-RROW
(or off-street) passenger
loading space that can
accommodate two (2) queued
jeepney/shuttle slots or two (2)
queued bus slots whichever is
applicable; maneuvering area
of buses, trucks and like
vehicles shall be outside of the
RROW (within property or lot
lines only)
Transit Stations and the like Provide on each side of the
(UTS) RROW one (1) off-RROW (or
off-street) passenger loading
space that can accommodate
four (4) queued jeepney/shuttle
slots or three (3) queued bus
slots whichever as applicable,
in case of elevated mass
transit stations, on-roadway,
terminals or on-RROW
terminals on both sides of the
RROW may be considered
E-2 Neighborhood shopping One (1) car slot for every
center/supermarket (C-1) 100.00 sq. meters of shopping
floor area
Restaurants, fast-food centers, One ( 1) car slot for every
bars and beerhouses (C) 30.00 sq. meters of customer
area
Units located in office, Units with a gross floor area of
commercial or mixed-use from 18.00 to 40.00 sq. meters
condominium buildings/ - provide one (1) pooled
structures regardless of parking slot for every two (2)
number of storeys units or tor a fraction thereof
Unit with a gross floor area of
from 41.00 to 70.00 sq. meters
- provide one (1) parking slot
for each unit and
Unit with a gross floor area of
more than 70. 00 sq. meters
provide one (1) parking slot for
every 70.00 sq. meters and for
a fraction thereof
The provisions of the GB Code shall apply to all new construction and/or with alteration of
buildings in the following classification with the required minimum Total Gross Floor Areas
(TGFA) as indicated in the Table below:
2. The areas for Mixed Occupancy classification shall have a total aggregate area equal to
the TGFA.
SECTION 9. PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
a. General
As the humidity levels are very high in the Philippines, the unwanted infiltration and
humidity ingress into the spaces can cause additional load on the air conditioning system
and a detrimental impact on air quality. Buildings must be planned and designed with
specific details to ensure that air tightness is maximized. Details should precisely include
joints, service entry points, windows and doors. The implementation of these measures
requires only increased attention to the construction details and it can be implemented at
practically no cost.
b. Applicability
c. Requirements
d. Exceptions
Buildings and spaces without provisions for air conditioning systems are exempt.
a. General
This measure will give building occupants the flexibility and opportunity to use natural
ventilation for free cooling and fresh air in regularly occupied spaces. This measure will
limit the tendency to create glass-sealed box type buildings. Size of each room and space
shall be consistent with the occupancy load of the NBC.
b. Applicability
c. Requirements
ii. All operable windows shall be provided with safety features for protection against
strong winds, water penetration and protection for building occupants including child safety
and security.
Light‐colored building envelope, especially the roof areas which are the most vulnerable, can
reduce heat transfer from the outside to the inside of the building by having surfaces with
high Solar Reflectance Index (SRI).
Insulation can help reduce heat gain in a building thus improving thermal comfort,
acoustic quality and reducing the load on the air conditioning system.
Insulation can help reduce heat gain in a building thus improving thermal
comfort, acoustic quality and reducing the load on the air conditioning system. Buildings
shall be provided with roof insulation so that the average thermal resistance value (R-
Value) of the roof is at least R-8.
Building should be planned and designed to maximize the use of natural light so to
reduce the use of artificial illumination.
All regularly occupied spaces inside the building shall have a view of any
combination of the following features that can allow daylight into the room space:
i. Window
iii. Clerestory
iv. Skylight
Water efficiency requires the adoption of efficient practices, plan, design, materials,
fixtures, equipment and methods that reduce water consumption resulting in cost savings.
Efficient water fixtures include faucets, showerheads and water closets that use less
water in order to perform the same function of cleaning as effectively as standard models.
Water efficiency is an important aspect, especially as fresh water resources start getting
depleted at a rate faster than they are replenished. Use of efficient plumbing fixtures,
sensors, auto control valves, aerators, flow control and pressure-‐reducing devices,
wherever possible, can result in significant reduction in water consumption.
Buildings shall be provided with a minimum area for Material Recovery Facility (MRF)
Material Recovery Facility (MRF) shall be fully enclosed and easily accessible from
within the building and from the outside for easy collection of waste.
The inclusion of green areas or landscaped areas for indigenous or adaptable species of
grass, shrubs and trees will help in providing more permeable surface for the building
development’s open space and thus allow the re-‐charging of natural ground water reservoir,
control storm water surface run off, cool the building surroundings, and provide indoor to
outdoor connectivity for the building occupants.\
Indoor Environmental Quality requires the adoption of efficient design and operation
practices that take into consideration the building environment to improve occupant health,
productivity and safety.
A. Every building or structure, new or old, designed for human occupancy shall be
provided with exits sufficient to permit the fast and safe escape of occupants in case
of fire or other emergency. The design of exits and other fire safety construction shall be
such that reliance for safety to life in case of fire or other emergency will not depend solely
on any single fire safety construction. Additional safeguards shall be provided for life safety
in case any single safeguard is ineffective due to some human or mechanical failure.
E. Every exit shall be clearly visible. The route to the exit shall be conspicuously
marked in such a manner that every occupant of a building or structure will readily know the
direction of escape. Each route of escape, in its entirety, shall be so arranged or
marked that the way to a place of safety outside is unmistakable. Any doorway not
constituting an exit shall be marked to minimize its possible confusion as an exit. Likewise,
passage constituting a way to reach an exit shall be marked to minimize confusion.
F. All means of egress shall be provided with adequate and reliable illumination.
H. Every building or structure, section, or area thereof of such size, occupancy and
arrangement such that the reasonable safety of a number of occupants may be endangered
by the blocking of any single means of egress due to fire or smoke, shall have at least two
means of egress remote from each other, so arranged as to minimize any possibility that
both may be blocked by any one fire or other emergency conditions.
I. Every vertical way of exit and other vertical openings between floors of a
building shall be suitably enclosed or protected to afford reasonable safety of occupants
while using exits and to prevent spread of fire, smoke, or fumes through vertical openings
from floor to floor before occupants have entered exits.
4. In building structures or facilities, such as condominium and the like, where some
units of the building are not yet sold, the provisions of paragraph “J” sub-para "3" above shall
apply. When all condominium units have been sold, responsibility for fire safety measures in
the common areas such as the means of egress, utilities, building equipment/system and the
building as a whole, shall devolve jointly upon all individual unit owners or occupants.
K. Compliance with this Chapter shall not be construed as eliminating or reducing the
necessity from complying with the other provisions for safety of persons using a structure
under normal occupancy conditions. Also, no provision of the Fire Code of the Philippines
and this IRR shall be construed as requiring or permitting any condition that might be
hazardous under normal occupancy conditions.
1. New Construction
2. Repairs or Alterations
a. Existing buildings may be occupied during repairs or alterations provided that all
existing fire protection systems/devices are continuously maintained or, in lieu thereof, other
measures are taken to provide equivalent safety.
a. Business buildings are those used for the transaction of business other than that covered
under Mercantile, for the keeping of accounts and records and similar purposes.
b. Included in this occupancy group are: offices for lawyers; doctors; dentists and other
professionals; general offices; City/Municipal halls; internet shops; massage parlors, beauty
parlors, barbershops of less than 50 occupants and court houses;
No exit enclosure shall be used for any purpose other than for means of egress.
The egress capacity for approved components of means of egress shall be based on the
capacity factors shown in the table.
The required capacity of a corridor shall be the occupant load that utilizes the corridor
for exit access divided by the required number of exits to which the corridor connects, but
the corridor capacity shall be not less than the required capacity of the exit to which the
corridor leads.
OCCUPANT LOAD
Where exits serve more than one floor, only the occupant load of each floor
considered individually need be used in computing the capacity of the exits of that floor.
Provided, that exit capacity shall not be decreased in the direction of exit travel. When
means of egress from the floor above and below converge at an intermediate floor, the
capacity of the means of egress from the point of convergence shall not be less than the
sum of the two.
When any required egress capacity from a balcony or mezzanine passes through the
room below, that required capacity shall be added to the required egress capacity of the
room below.
The number of means of egress from any balcony, mezzanine, storey, or portion
thereof shall not be less than two (2).
ARRANGEMENT OF EXIT
1. Exits shall be located and exit access shall be arranged so that exits are readily
accessible at all times.
2. Corridors shall provide exit access without passing through any intervening rooms other
than corridors, lobbies, and other spaces permitted to be open to the corridor.
3. Interlocking or scissor stairs shall be considered only as a single exit for new buildings.
DEAD-END LIMITS
Means of egress shall be so arranged that there are no dead-end pockets, hallways,
corridors, passage ways, or courts whose depth exceeds the limits
ACCESS TO EXITS
1. A door from a room to an exit or to a way of exit access shall be of the side-
hinged, swinging type. It shall swing with exit travel.
2. Ways of exit access and the doors to exits to which they lead shall be designed and
arranged to be clearly recognizable as such. Decorations or draperies shall not be placed
on exit doors. Mirrors shall not be placed in or adjacent to any exit in such a manner as to
confuse the direction of exit.
3. Exit access shall be arranged that it will not be necessary to travel toward any area of high
hazard occupancy in order to reach the nearest exit, unless the path is protected by
suitable partitions.
Where the total occupant load of all storey served by the stair is fewer than 50, the
minimum width clears of all obstructions, except projections not more than one hundred
fourteen millimeters (114 mm) at or below handrail height on each side, shall be nine
hundred fifteen millimeters (915 mm).
OCCUPANT LOAD
The clear width of any corridor or passageway serving an occupant load of fifty (50)
or more shall be not less than 1.12 meters.
NUMBER OF EXITS
1. Not less than two (2) separate exits shall be accessible from every part of every
storey.
2. The total distance of travel from any point, including travel within the exit, shall not
exceed 30 meters.
APPLICATIONS
a) At the space where the primary function is served and where facilities and ingress/egress
of the building or structure are located, as to make such space accessible to the disabled
persons; provided, however, that where the primary function can be served at the ingress
level and where such level is provided with facilities, requirements for accessibility at other
levels may be waived.
c) Ingress/egress from the street to the building or structure shall be made accessible.
4.1.3 Streets, highways and transport related structures to be constructed -Streets, highways
and transport related structures shall be provided with the following barrier-free facilities and
accessibility features at every pedestrian crossing: ramps and other accessible features in
buildings of the sectoral offices and attached agencies of DOTC; transportation terminals
and passenger waiting areas for use of disabled persons;
DESIGN CRITERIA:
1.1.2 Impairments causing difficulty or insecurity in walking or climbing stairs or requiring the
use of braces, crutches or other artificial supports; or impairments caused by amputation,
arthritis, spastic conditions or pulmonary, cardiac or other ills rendering individuals semi-
ambulatory; or
1.3.3 USABILITY. The built environment shall be designed so that all persons,
whether they be disabled or not, may use and enjoy it.
1.3.5 SAFETY. Designing for safety insures that people shall be able to move about
with less hazards to life and health.
1.1 Occupancy classified by categories enumerated in Section 701 of the National Building
Code (PD 1096) are hereby adapted.
1.1.1 Category I - Residential -This shall comprise Group A and partly Group B Buildings
1.1.2 Category II - Commercial and Industrial -This shall comprise partly Groups B, C, E, F,
G, H, and I Buildings
1.1.3 Category III - Educational and Industrial - This shall comprise partly Group C, D, E, and
H Buildings
Where the following features and facilities are: architectural design requirements in
accordance with generally accepted architectural practice, the same include the
corresponding graphic signs.
2.1.1 A - Stairs
2.1.2 B - Walkways
2.1.3 C - Corridors
2.1.6 F - Lifts/Elevators
2.1.7 G - Ramps
2.1.10 J - Handrails
2.1.12 K - Thresholds
4. CATEGORY II
DROPPED CURBS
1.3 Dropped curbs at crossings have a width corresponding to the width of the crossing;
otherwise, the minimum width is 0.90 m.
1.4 Dropped curbs shall be ramped towards adjoining curbs with a gradient not more than
1:12.
1.5 Dropped curbs shall be sloped towards the road with a maximum cross gradient of 1:20
to prevent water from collecting at the walkway.
3.2 Whenever and wherever possible, walkways should have a gradient no more than 1:20
or 5%.
3.7 In lengthy or busy walkways, spaces should be provided at some point along the route
so that a wheelchair may pass another or turn around. These spaces should have a
minimum dimension of 1.50 m and should be spaced at a maximum distance of 12:00 m
between stops.
3.10 Walkway headroom should not be less than 2.0 m and preferably higher.
HANDRAILS
Handrails shall be installed at 0.90 m and 0.70 m above steps or ramps. Handrails for
protection at great heights may be installed at 1.0 m to 1.06 m.
PARKING AREAS
1.1 Parking spaces for the disabled should allow enough space for a person to transfer to a
wheelchair from a vehicle.
1.2 Accessible parking spaces should be located as close as possible to building entrances
or to accessible entrances.
1.3 Whenever and wherever possible, accessible parking spaces should be perpendicular or
to an angle to the road or circulation aisles.
1.5 A walkway from accessible spaces of 1.20 m. clear width shall be provided between the
front ends of parked cars.
RAMPS
2.2 Ramps shall have a minimum clear width of 1.20 m.
2.4 The length of a ramp should not exceed 6:00 m. if the gradient is 1:12; longer ramps
whose gradient is 1:12 shall be provided with landings not less than 1.50 m.
2.5 A level area not less than 1.80 m. should be provided at the top and bottom of any ramp.
2.6 Handrails will be provided on both sides of the ramp at 0.70 m. and 0.90 m. from the
ramp level.
DOORS
3.8 Doorknobs and other hardware should be located between 0.82 m. and 1.06 m. above
the floor; 0.90 is preferred.
3.9 Vertical pull handles, centered at 1.06 m. above the floor, are preferred to horizontal pull
bars for swing doors or doors with locking devices.
CORRIDORS
7.1 Corridors shall have minimum clear width of 1.20 m.; waiting areas and other facilities or
spaces shall not obstruct the minimum clearance requirement.
7.2 Recesses or turnabout spaces should be provided for wheelchairs to turn around or to
enable another wheelchair to pass; these spaces shall have a minimum area of 1.50 m x
1.50 m. and shall be spaced at a maximum of 12.00 m.
7.3 Turnabout spaces should also be provided at or within 3.50 m. of every dead end.
General Building Layout Building arrangement is the next step in planning a city hall or
municipal building. It is helpful as a starting point to use the following checklist of
departments, offices, special-purpose rooms, and service areas in analysing interior building
requirements:
1. Departments requiring constant contact with the general public and the collection or
payment of money-for example, the finance department and tax collector
2. Departments requiring contact with special classes of the public-for example, city-owned
utilities, building permits, personnel, city planning, and city clerk
4. City council chamber and office space for use by the mayor and councilmen
6. Courtrooms
Departments related in function should be located near one another and consecutive
operations planned in production-line style. Excessive lobbies and hall space add to the cost
of construction without adding usable space. The height of the building will depend upon the
amount of ground available and the amount of office space needed
Departmental Layout will depend on the activities carried on by the department and
the tools or special equipment used. For example, a finance department layout may require
an open area for accounting clerks and collectors with one or two private offices, a machine
room, and a vault. The public works department, on the other hand, may require private
offices for the director, the engineer, and individual inspectors, a drafting room, a vault, a
plan or map room, and conference rooms.
Private Offices More space is required for private offices; space utilization is
restricted through segregation of areas for private offices; and considerable expense is
involved in rearranging and re-erecting partitions. Ventilation, lighting, and heating problems
are complicated by a number of small offices; supervision and coordination of work, flow of
work, and communications are made more difficult. An open, wall-arranged office has a
more orderly and business-like appearance then a series of small offices.
Council Members The council meeting room should be carefully planned if full use
is to be made of it. Location of the council chamber is important because of the public nature
of the business transacted there. Most of the cities with multi-storied buildings have located
the council room on the first or second floor.
Finance Activities The collection activities of the finance department have more
contact with the public than any other municipal activity with the possible exception of the
police and building departments. A prominent location near the front entrance is therefore
desirable. Collection functions should be located near the public counter with billing,
assessing, accounting, budgeting, and purchasing at a greater distance.
Police Department The police department is singled out for discussion because of
the special facilities it needs other than regular office space. As noted, the police department
is frequently not included in the city hall. When it is, however, it should be basically separate
from other city hall activities, and public and criminal activities should be separated.
In planning police station facilities, several basic needs should be considered by all
cities. Jail cells should be away from public areas. Prisoner retention for any period requires
toilets, kitchen facilities, and separation of men and women prisoners. The communications
center should be isolated from the general public and other work areas. In such a case the
communications section might be located in a glass enclosure with a sliding panel.
Fingerprinting, photographic, identification, and booking areas should be located together,
although not necessarily in the same room. Provide plenty of space for storage. Firearms
and other equipment should be stored in locked cabinets. Room for confiscated, lost, and
abandoned articles is necessary if such items are to be kept properly.
In the medium-sized department, the detective squad room can be used for
interrogation. A separate room for the use of prisoners and their attorneys or visitors is
important when the station has facilities for housing prisoners. Finally, the large city should
have a courtroom near the jail or detention facilities of the police department.