Impact of length of waveguide amplifier on WDM-

FSO System under rain attenuations

1 3 5Amina
Bentahar Attaouia Ghouali Samir Elbatoul Dinar
Departement of electronic Departement of electronic Departement of electronic
University of Mustapha Stambouli University of Mustapha Stambouli University of Mustapha Stambouli
Mascara, Algeria Mascara, Algeria Mascara, Algeria
bentaha_1011@yahoo.fr ghtelec@yahoo.fr amina.dinar@univ-mascara.dz
2 Kandouci Malika 4Madjidi Radia
6Boualem Merabet
Departement of electronic Departement of electronic
University of Djillali liabes University of Mustapha Stambouli University of Mustapha Stambouli
Sidi bel abbes, Algeria Mascara, Algeria Mascara, Algeria
maikand04@gmail.fr Madjidi _r@yahoo.fr b.merabet@univ-mascara.dz

Abstract—in this paper, EYDWA (erbium ytterbium doped
waveguide amplifier) is characterized for wavelength division
multiplexing (WDM) approach on free space optical (FSO)
transmission systems with channels being spaced at 0.4 nm
interval. The dependence of the gain on EYDWA parameters
(such as erbium ion concentration, and waveguide length) has
also been checked. For better performance the optimization
has been done and it was reported that with the optimized
parameters (such as pump wavelength: 980 nm laser, pumping
power: 250 mW, and waveguide length: 3 cm, erbium doping
concentration: 6e+026 ions/m3 and ytterbium doping
concentration: 2e+027 ions/m3 the EYDWA) post-amplification
was performed and was able to reach transmission distance
over 14 Km under clear rain, whereas, the FSO distance has
been limited at 7.5 Km under heavy rain.
gain medium material for optical amplification [5]. The
introduction of ytterbium Yb3+ ions can effectively restrain
the erbium Er3+ ion clusters, and reduce up-conversion non
linear side effect. This can increase the total gain and the unit
length gain greatly; therefore, the performance of the
EYDWA is better than that of the EDWA [6]. EYDWAs
also can be combined in a very compact way with any loss
components, such as splitters, multiplexers, modulators, or
optical cross connects [7]. Other functions include serving as
variable attenuators/amplifiers to adjust the signal level in
WDM transmission systems [8].

Keywords—Gain, EYDWA amplifier, WDM-FSO system, Eye

diagram.

I. INTRODUCTION
The recently improved performance of the
available optical gain of optical waveguide amplifiers has
attracted more and more interest in this research area.
These integrated devices offer the prospect of combining
passive and active components on the same substrate while
producing compact and robust devices at lower cost than
commercially available fiber-based counterpart. However,
the way to implement all-optical network relies on the
control of gain variation of amplifiers which is sensitive to
total input power variation. Several works have been
devoted to stabilize optical amplifier gain by electronic
and optical means [1].
Waveguide amplifiers, in particular, are new integrated
optical products well suited to metro/access applications.
Some of the intrinsic benefits for using this later include their
compactness, performance, flexibility, and lower-cost
processing [2]. As the name implies, an erbium-doped
waveguide amplifier (EDWA) consists of waveguides
embedded in an amorphous erbium-doped glass substrate.
They combine good performance and small size [3] [4].
Fig.1 The erbium doped waveguide amplifier.
II. FREE SPACE OPTICAL LINKS
Free Space Optical links mainly consists of a transmitter
and a receiver. The transmitter modulates a light source to
transmit information through the atmosphere. At the
receiver, a photodiode converts the optical intensity signal
back into an electrical signal and the information is
recovered. On both sides, telescopes, mirrors or a
combination of them are utilized for beam shaping and
beam focusing [8] [9].
FSO communication links have many merits such as
high modulation bandwidth, high data transmission rates,
low cost, and easy installation process. But these benefits
are limited due to strong atmospheric effects like fog, haze
and rain which provide the significant attenuation to the
system [10].

EDWAs have recently received considerable attention as
a potential high-gain medium for optical amplification in the
communication band. To increase the absorption cross
section, ytterbium ions (Yb3+) are usually codoped as a
sensitizer. Er3+-Yb3+ codoped waveguide amplifiers
(EYDWAs) are therefore expected to be an attractive high-
Many techniques have been proposed to improve the
performance of FSO link like the amplification of signal
[11]. Various optical amplifiers, such as erbium-doped fiber
amplifier (EDFA) and erbium-doped optical waveguide
(EDWA) could provide an extended reach for the cost-
effective implementation of FSO and can be used for
amplification of WDM network easily [12]. WDM is a
technique which is used to increase the capacity of a system
by combining a number of wavelength signals through same
channel and can be integrated with FSO system in order to
offer huge bandwidth capacity which ensures multiservice
and multicasting opportunity [13] [14].

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE SIMULATED SYSTEM

As displayed in Fig.1, of proposed technique, FSO-
WDM with 8 input signals using EYDWA amplifier as a
post amplifier (booster) to compensate for losses due to the
FSO The system consists mainly of an externally modulated
WDM transmitter generating eight NRZ signals at 2.5 Gbit/s
with input power of -10 dBm , the 8 channels are
multiplexed with a spacing set at 0.8 nm in the wavelength
range 1550 to 1554.8 nm. Then the signal is ready to travel Fig. 3. Quality factor as a function of FSO range for EYDWA length (15
through 15 Km range of FSO. On the receivers side, the cm, 3cm, 5cm) under clear rain.
avalanche photodiode (APD) is used followed by a low pass
filter and a 3R regenerator. The performance is analyzed
using BER analyzer which gives the related BER, power
level and eye diagrams. The system is analyzed to have BER
of 10-9 at 1550 nm wavelength as it is reported as low
attenuation window.
To illustrate the performance of erbium ytterbium doped
waveguide amplifier to achieve maximum FSO range , two
parameters are varied (such as erbium doping concentration
and EYDWA length).

Fig. 4. Quality factor as a function of FSO range for EYDWA length (15
cm, 3cm, 5cm) under heavy rain.

b.Graphical representation 3D of EYDWA for 3 cm

Fig.2 The system setup for 2.5 Gb/s of WDM-FSO system using optical under clear and heavy rain
amplifier.

IV. SIMULATION RESULTS: Figure 5 and figure 6 depicts the superposition graphical
representation 3D (three dimensions) and 2D (two
dimensions) of the quality factor as a function of FSO
a. Optimization of EYDWA length under clear and range (distance of transmission) for 3cm of EYDWA. After
heavy rain
eight iterations, the optimum result of range is 14 Km and
7.5 Km under clear and heavy rain, respectively.
It can be noticed from Fig. 3 that under clear rain and at
fixed pump frequency i.e. 980 nm and fixed Yb
concentrations (CY= 2.10+27/m-3, when we increase the
waveguide length from LEYDWA = 1.5 to 5m, that a 3 cm of
the doped waveguide length improved and gives maximum
transmission distance (FSO range = 14 Km) with acceptable
quality factor Q values of 6 , however the worst case
minimum distance range (FSO range = 9 Km) is obtained
with a waveguide length of 1.5 cm .

Fig.5. 2D and 3D Quality factor graphs at different FSO range for EYDWA
length = 3 cm and under clear rain.
Fig.6. 2D and 3D Quality factor graphs at different FSO range for EYDWA
length = 3 cm and under heavy rain.
c. Optimization of erbium concentration EYDWA
under clear and heavy rain
Further, it can also be noticed from Fig.6,that quality
factor also depends on concentration of erbium. As the
concentration of erbium is increased, Q factor decrements. It
can be observed, that maximum FSO range is obtained
(12Km) when erbium concentration CEr = 5.10+26/m-3 (CEr =
5e+026 ions/m3) is used with acceptable quality factor Q
values of 6, however the worst case minimum distance range
(FSO range = 6Km) is obtained with a concentration of CEr
= 9.10+26/m-3.
Fig. 7. Quality factor as a function of FSO range for three erbium
concentration of EYDWA (CEr = 1.10+26/m-3, CEr = 5.10+26/m-3 , CEr =
9.10+26/m-3) under clear rain.
Fig. 8. Quality factor as a function of FSO range for three erbium
concentration of EYDWA (CEr = 1.10+26/m-3, CEr = 5.10+26/m-3 , CEr =
9.10+26/m-3) under clear rain.
d. Graphical representation 3D of EYDWA erbium
concentration 5.10+26/m-3 under clear and heavy rain
Figure 9 and figure 10 depicts the superposition graphical
representation 3D (three dimensions) and 2D (two
dimensions) of the quality factor as a function of FSO range
(distance of transmission) for erbium concentration
5.10+26/m-3 of EYDWA. After eight iterations, the optimum
result of range is 12 Km and 6Km under clear and heavy
rain, respectively.
Fig.9. 2D and 3D Quality factor graphs at different FSO range for EYDWA
of CEr = 5.10+26/m-3 and under clear rain.
Fig.10. 2D and 3D Quality factor graphs at different FSO range for EYDWA
CEr = 5.10+26/m-3 and under clear rain.

e. Comparison of EYDWA under clear and heavy rain
The length and erbium concentration for EYDWA are
optimized to achieve the disired goals. It is cleared from the
comparison of the graphs that a concentration around
6.10+25/m-3 and a length 3cm improved and gives better
system performance in term of a maximum distance (14
Km) and wider eye opening under clear rain.
Fig. 11. Eye Diagram for CEr = 5.10+25/ m-3 and L= 3 cm of EYDWA
under clear rain at 14Km.
The performance analysis of the System amplified under
clear and heavy rain conditions are shown in table 1
TABLE I. COMPARISON OF THE PERFORMANCE
System with EYDWA System with EYDWA
Clear 3 dB Heavy 9 dB
Q BER Range Q BER Range
factor (Km) factor (Km)
6.20 10-9 14 5.12 10-9 7. 5
V. CONCLUSION:
The main aim of this article is the comparison of
WDM/FSO system used EYDWA as post amplifier under
clear and heavy rain. The mentioned amplifiers were
evaluated based on values of BER and the quality -factor. It
can be noticed from table 1 that this amplification
technology provides a promising solution for low cost and
highly efficient systems. Further, EYDWA as a post
amplifier is useful for higher attenuation, provide high link
range rather.
Also other characterization of EYDWA amplifier, which
depends essentially on the opt-geometric parameters, such
as erbium/ytterbium ions concentrations and length of the
waveguide was study. However the knowledge optimal of
these values is necessary to optimize the gain. Further, we
have shown that the shorter waveguide amplifiers with high
concentration (L = 3 cm, CEr ~ 6e+026 ions/m3) is an
excellent candidate for use in WDM/FSO system and
provides a sufficient performance with ability to reach the
distance of transmission to 14 km under clear rain.
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