mwJy dy pRwcIn ngr qy Qyh

1
2
îÅÞ¶ ç¶ êzÅÚÆé é×ð å¶ æ¶Ô

ÜÇå§çð ÇÃ§Ø Á½ñÖ

ó×î êìñÆÕ¶ôé÷, ÃîÅäÅ

3
This book is research work about anciant cities of majha area of
punjab.an ruined civilization of thousands of years ago.

'MAJHEY DE PRACHEEN NAGAR TE THEH'

(ancient citis of majha and heap of ruined citis)
by
Jatinder singh aulakh
village and post off. kohali,
teh: Ajnala, Disst: Amritsar,
Punjab- India. 143109.
Ph. 98155 34653
aulakhkohali@yahoo.com

ISBN 978-93-80918-?-?

© Author
2011

Price Rs.?/-

Published by
Sangam Publications
Sekhon Colony, near bus stand
Samana-147101, Distt. Patiala (Pb.)
Ph. 01764-223047,222347
Mob. 9815243917

Printed at: Shiv Shakti Printers, Delhi

All rights reserved
This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold,
hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior written consent in any form of binding or
cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being
imposed on the subsequent purchaser and without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no
part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means(electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the
prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above-mentioned publisher of this book.

4
 smripq

Awpxy ipqw mrhUm sR:iekbwl isMG AOLK hurW nMU ijnHW

pVHn dI lgn lw ky myrI soc nMU aufwx bKSI[

5
 ivSw sUcI
J mwJw dys dqwrW dw -5
J QyhW dw rh`s Aqy CIinAW vwlw Qyh-10
J rwxI lUxw dw ipMf: cimAwrI-19
J kdI Bwrq dI rwjDwnI irhw ‘klwnOr’-27
J sOVIAW jo muglW vyly qihsIl sI-32
J mwJy dI DrqI qy v`isAw pRwcIn ipMf bMfwlw-35
J pMjwb dy AdIbW leI iebwdqXog QW :pRIqngr-39
J kwilAW vwlw KUh qy 1857 dy gdr smyN pMjwb-44
J pRwcIn ieiqhwisk Sihr p`tI-46
J ieiqhwisk Swndwr iemwrq vwLw ipMf- r`qV C`qV-51
J ieiqhwisk ksbw Piqhwbwd-55
J fyrw bwbw nwnk-60
J dlIpgVH-63
J pu`L kMjrI-67
J ipMf kohwLI :ij`Qy is`K ieiqhws dI pihlI KUnI JVp hoeI-70
Bgvwn SRI rwmcMdr dw nwnkw ipMf ksyl:
J kdI kOiSilAw ngrI sI A`j dw ksyl-73
J rmwiex kwl dIAW inSwnIAW qy mwJw-76
J dyS BgqW dw gVH sI AjnwLw qihsIl-79
J shwiek pusqk sUcI-82

6
 mu`K bMd

ieiqhfs swc nUM Aujfgr krdf hY. pr ieiqhfskfr kYmrf nhIN.

jo kuJ aqIq ivwc vfpiraf, Auh Aus dIaF awKF sfhvyN nhIN hY. Aus ny
sw c dI qflfsL kr ky Au s nU M sfzy sfhmxy ilafAu x f hY . keI vfr
ieiqhfskfr ies kfrj nUM kridaF tplf vI Kf skdf hY. iesy leI jdoN
iksy ieiqhfsk Dfrnf bfry koeI nvF qwQ sfhmxy af jFdf hY qF Aus dI
prK kr ky asIN Aus nUM swc mMn lYNdy hF. ies qoN ielfvf ieiqhfskfr
dI kOmIaq qy mjLhb vI qwQF dI pVqfl ivwc afpxf rol adf krdy
hn. jdoN koeI muslmfn ieiqhfskfr jF vfikafnvIs iksy ihMdU (kfPLr?)
df lVfeI ivwc mfry jfx df ijLkr krdf hY qF Auh ilKdf hY, “kfPLr
bfjhnum rPLq,” Bfv kfPLr nUM nrk Byj idwqf. pr jdoN AuhI iksy
muslmfn dy mfry jfx df ijLkr krdf hY qF ilKdf hY, “Aus ny jfmy
sLhfdq nosL PLrmfieaf.” ihMdU ieiqhfskfr vI iesy qrHF iksy ihMdU dy
mfry jfx nUM “vIrgqI ko pRfpq hUaf,” kihMdy hn.
asIN pMjfbI afpxy ieiqhfs dI sFB-sMBfl pRqI bhuq avysly
hF. keI ieiqhfsk smfrk, purfxy iklHy afid ijnHF dy insLfn kuJ dhfky
pihlF imldy sn, hux KLqm ho cuwky hn, hflFik ienHF dI sFB-sMBfl
leI purfqwqv ivBfg vI bixaF hoieaf hY. purfxy sLihrF jF purfxIaF
siBafqfvF dy avsLysLF qoN ieiqhfsk smwgrI iml skdI hY, ieiqhfsk
lVIaF nUM muV qoN joiVaf jf skdf hY pr aPLsos ik hOlI-hOlI asIN sB
kuJ guaf idwqf hY. hwQlI pusqk “mfJy dy pRfcIn ngr qy Qyh” jiqMdr
isMG aOlK df ies idsLf vwl iewk vDIaf Auprflf hY. jo kuJ asloN
KLqm ho jfx dI kgfr ‘qy hY, Aus nUM aOlK ny ikqfbI rUp ivwc sFB ilaf
hY . afAu x vflIaF nslF ies kM m leI jiqM d r isM G aO l K dIaF
sLukrgujLfr rihxgIaF. jy sQfnk ieiqhfskfr afpxf-afpxf PLrjL
smJx qF kfPLI kuJ ajy vI afAux vflIaF pIVHIaF leI sFiBaf jf
skdf hY.

zf: drsLn isMG bYNs,

sfbkf, muKI ieiqhfs ivBfg,
gurU nfnk dyv XUnIvristI kflj, jlMDr
brYNptn (kYnyzf)
PLon: 416-951-2548
7
 mwJw dys dqwrW dw
mwJw pMjwb dw idl hY qy DrqI dw sB qoN aupjwaU Bwg[ pMjwb
dy ivckwrly mYdwnI Bwg nMU mwJw kihMdy hn[mwJw dw SbdI ArQ
mMJlw jW mWJlw hY, ijsdw ArQ hY m`D vwLw jW ivckwrlw (middle)
mMJlw qoN rUp bdldw mwJw Sbd hoNd ivc Aw igAw[ pMjwb dy kyNdr
ivc hox kwrn ies iK`qy nMU mwJw kihMdy hn[ mwJw pRdyS dI h`dbMdI
rwjnIqk nw ho ky sgoN kudrq duAwrw iK`cIAW lkIrW duAwLy kyNdirq
hY[ ibAws Aqy rwvI dirAwvW dy ivckwrly Bwg nMU 'bwrI' duAwb Aqy
rwvI Aqy icnwb dirAwvW dy ivckwrly Bwg nMU rcnw duAwb ikhw
jWdw hY jo mwJy dw Bwg hY[ mwJy dy ijLHy AMimRqsr, gurdwspur,
qrnqwrn, lhOr, ksUr, isAwlkot, gujrWvwlw Aqy SyKupurw hn[
rcnw duAwb dy au~qr-pUrbI Bwg nMU drp ikhw jWdw hY[rcnw duAwb
dw d`Kx-p`CmI Bwg sWdl bwr krky jwixAw jWdw hY[ lhOr ijly dy
kuJ Bwg nMU 'n`kw' ikhw jWdw hY[
iek pwsy iSvwilk dIAW phwVIAW Aqy hornW h`dW 'qy
dirAw ibAws, sqluj Aqy icnwb mwJy dI h`dbMdI krdy hn[ ivdySW
qoN Awaux vwLy ijAwdwqr hmlwvrW ny mwJy dy zrIey hmlw kIqw[
ijs kwrn mwJy lokW dw suBwA KwVkU bx igAw[ mJYl pRwcIn kwL
qoN hI gurIlw Xu`D dy mwihr rhy hn[ iskMdr dy Bwrq 'qy hmly qoN lY
ky Kwilsqwn dy nwm 'qy c`lI KwVkU lihr q`k mJYlW ny sYNkVy
hmlwvrW nwL Xu`D Aqy muihMmw lVHIAW[ Aqy AwpxI gurIlw Xu`D dI
muhwrq nMU puKqw kIqw[ gurIlw Xu`D auh qrIkw hY ijs nwL G`t igxqI
ivSwl lSkrW dy mUMh moV skdI hY[iesy qknIk nwL mJYlW ny iskMdr
dw dunIAW ij`qx dw supnw mwJy dI DrqI 'qy cknwcUr kr id`qw[mwJy
dI DrqI ny ieiqhws dy DuMdly kWfw qoN lY vrqmwn q`k kbIilAW,
rjvwiVAW dIAW lVHweIAW Aqy swmrwjW dy Gor Xu`DW nMU ipMfy 'qy
hMFwieAw hY[
ivdvwnW v`loN iek`qr kIqy sMgRih d`sdy hn ik bhuq swry

8
jMgnwmy qy vwrW mwJy dI DrqI ‘qy ilKy gey mwJw bwgW dw dyS sI[
jMgW-Xu`DW qy ivdySI hmlwvrW/ivaupwrIAW dI Awmd dw mu`K duAwr[
mwJy ivc kuSqI- kb`fI Awid srIrk jor vwLIAW KyfW
pRcilq sn[ A`j vI ipMfW dy juAwn GoVIAW r`Kx dy SOkIn hn[muihMmW
Aqy lVweIAW dw dOr-dOrw eynw pRcilq sI ik lok nwc vyLy vI fWg
dI vrqo hox l`gI[crWdW dI Gwt nhI sI[pSUAW dy v`g byilAW ‘c
Ku`ly iPrdy qy qy hwlI-pwlI lok gwQwvW ‘c msq hoeI Avwj dw jwdU
ibKyrdy[
du`D-dhIN dy nwL Srwb Aqy mws vI mwJy vwilAW dI Kurwk
dw jrUrI syvn sI[ mwJy dI lokDwrw Awpxy hI ruK c`ldI hY[ Dwrimk
ivSvwSW vwLy hox dy bwvjUd lMmI-cOVI rihq mirAwdw dI pwlxw
krnI iehnW dy v`s dw rog nhI[qihsIl AjnwLw dI pwiksqwn nwL
l`gdI nu`kr nwL Kih ky rwvI ndI vgdI hY[ iesdy smwnAWqr do
au~p ndIAW bu`Fw dirAw qy s`kI ndI vI hms&r ho pwiksqwn vwLy
pwsy muV jWdIAW hn[Awsy-pwsy bhuq swrw ielwkw ivrwn hY qy jMglI
JwVIAW,ru`KW qoN ielwvw srkiVAW dy PYly mYdwn hn[A`j vI ies
ielwky ‘c iq`qr,jMglI sUr,ihrn qy btyry imL jWdy hn[iSkwr dy
SOkInw leI kuJ h`d q`k ieh jgHw rwKvIN peI hY[kdI ‘Bu`isAW dI
r`K’ vI AMimRqsr ijly dI v`fI iSkwrgwh hoieAw krdI sI[
AjnwLw qihsIl dy dirAw nwL l`gdy ies ielwky ‘c kuJ
dhwky pihlW q`k ‘rwA is`K’ Aqy mihqm’ kbIly dy lok hI v`sdy
sn[hornw ielwikAW ‘c AwbwdI vDx nwL j`tW ny ie`Dr ru^ kr
ilAw[ bhuq swrI ivhlI peI kyNdr srkwr dI zmIn Awbwd kr
id`qI geI[ jMglI jIvW dI QW suMGV geI[ myry ipMf dy lok ie`s
iSkwrgwh dy Gwg iSkwrI rhy hn[ iehnw iSkwrIAW dy Gry grIbI
dwAvw hI huMdw hY[ Awp BwvyN B`u`Ky rih lYx pr iSkwrn ku`qIAW nMU rjw
ky r`Kxgy[jdoN iSkwr imLdw hY qW iqrkwLW nMU Gry muVidAW dy ichry
dI rOxk hI hor huuMdI hY[ iq`qr,btyrw,sihAw jW jMglI ib`lw Awid
kuJ qW auh mIt vyc lYNdy qy kuJ Gry bx jWdw[ ies ielwky dy lokW
nMU iSkwr krn dw jnMUn sI[ Awid kwl qoN jdoN mnu`K jMglW ivc
rihMdw sI qW mwnv Aqy jwnvrW ivcwly ie`k-dUjy nMU iSkwr krn dI
hoV l`gI rihMdI[ smw bIqx nwL mnu`K ny pyt nMU Julkw dyx leI hor
swDn l`B ley[pr iSkwr dI Awdq kyvl SNOk mwqr hI rih geI[

9
 ipMf ivcoN ds-pMdrW dw hjUm iek`Tw ho ky qur pYNdw[h`QW ivc
fwgW qy ie`k-do jwl huMdy[ iSkwrI ku`qy joS ivc A`gy-A`gy jWdy[ iksy
ru`K dy mlHy-JwVI ‘c KrgoS dOV ky lu`k jWdw[qW iSkwrIAW dI nzr
pY jWdI[ auMJ iSkwr dI mOjUdgI dw pqw bhuqI vwr ku`qy hI AwpxI
suMGx SkqI nwL kr lYNdy[ firAw-sihimAw iSkwr jdoN dOVn l`gdw
qW jW qW JwVI duAwLy lpyty jwL ivc jw v`jdw jW vgwh ky su`tIAW
fwgW dw iSkwr ho jWdw[iSkwrI ku`iqAW dy jor dw vI pqw l`gdw[
ijsdw ku`qw PwfI rih jWdw[ ausdy mwlk nMU bwAd ivc JyfW qy mKOl
BrI mSkrI vI sihxI pYNdI[
vIhvIN sdI dy SurU ivc is`K Drm snwqnI ruK vwlw hoxw SurU
ho igAw[ pRcwrkW ny ‘Aih nhI krnw, AOh nhI krnw’ dI AijhI
rt lgweI ik gurUAW dI bKSI ieh AwlmI ivcwrDwrw nMU iPrky ivc
bMNn id`qw[mwJy dy vsnIk bhwdrI Bry zzbwqI rONA vwLy hn pr
dUrAMdySI dI sdw Gwt rhI hY[
iek B`t mIr lgwm cIcw BknIAW mwJy dy j`tW dI vwr ivc
ilKdw hY ik:
JMjotI dy cODrI CIny Awpo Awpxy mYl krIny,
FwLW cwLW qy krqUqW auhnW hukm ilAw POjdwrW
l`Ty AMdr gwauN Gumwxw irAwVw qy irAWVkI dwxw
GuMmx CODrI dl dirAwvW dw
cImw c`Tw qy vVYc ivc SwhI mukt drbwrW dw
vltohy dw rihxw-bihxw srhwLI dw kyfw kihxw
nOSihry qy Bknw BVwxw ivc mwJw dyS dqwrW dw[
id`lI smyq d`KxI Bwrq dy rjvwiVAW qy AmIr vpwrIAW
leI vpwr dw mu`K swDn pMjwb dy Swhrwh rhy hn[v`K-v`K irAwsqW
dIAW srh`dW ‘coN lMGdy vpwrI rjvwiVAW nMU kImqI qohPy Dn-mwl
Awid dy ky Ku`S r`Kdy[corW Aqy rwiKAW dI gMfqup huMdI hI AweI
hY[ArbW dy vpwrI kwPilAW dy mu`K pVwA lwhOr, ksUr, mulqwn,
isMD, kwbl, kMDwr qoN ielwvw hor vI keI ksby- Sihr sn[lwhOr
qoN kuJ iklomItr dy Pwsly qy Bwrq vwly pwsy siQ`q ipMf rwjwqwl qoN
Jbwl, qrnqwrn Aqy goieMdvwl sihb vwLy rwh Aqy aus qoN vI A`gy
sVk dy nwL-nwL nwnkSwhI ie`tW dy burj bxy hoey hn[ BWvyN kuJ
ielwikAW coN ieh Fwh id`qy gey, pr kdI ieh burj lwhOr qoN id`lI
q`k mOjUd sn[ ie`s Swhrwh qy keI muglW vyly dIAW srwvW vI mOjUd

10
hn[ muglW dy sYnwpqI Amwnq Kwn dI srWA dy KMfr A`j vI mOjUd
hn[
Gwq lw ky hmlw krn iv`c pMjwbI pors dy vyly qoN hI mShUr
rhy hn[ v`fy-v`fy vpwrIAW dy kwPly kwbl Aqy id``lI qoN ie`Dr-au~Dr
Aw jw rhy huMdy qW pMjwbIAW dI lu`t dw iSkwr bxdy[ drAsl du`ly
B`tI ny Akbr dy nzdIkI keI vpwrIAW dy kwPilAW nMU lu`itAw qy
Akbr dIAW icqwvnIAW nMU iTT jwixAW[ ij`s kwrn Akbr du`ly
nwL gu`sy sI[ pr jdoN du`ly ny h`j leI jw rhIAW Akbr dIAW bygmW
dy kwPly nMU h`Q pwieAw qW jMg inSicq ho geI[ jdoN 1890 dy lgBg
AMgryjW ny id`lI qoN kwbl q`k ryl clw id`qI qW vpwrIAW dw mwl
kwPilAW dI bjwie mwl g`fI qy Awaux-jwx l`g ipAw[ mwl g`fI dI
rPqwr bhuqI nhIN sI huMdI[ Anyk juAwn GoVIAW duVwauNdy qy CwL
mwr ky g`fI qy suAwr ho jWdy[ qy cldI g`fI cNo, AKrot,bdwm kwbl
dy su`ky myvy Awid dIAW borIAW fyg ky GoVIAW qy l`d ky vwps qur pYNdy[
AMimRqsr Aqy lwhOr dy ivcwly pYNdy ipMfW dy j`t ie`s kMm dy mwihr sn,
jo pwiksqwn bxn qoN bwAd GYNt smglr bxy[ cogWvyN dyy iek Ahwqy
ivc bYTw iek smglr kMifAwLI qwr l`gx qoN pihlW PVH mwr irhw
sI, “ BwaU swfy corI kIqy pSU koeI mweI dw lwl nhIN muVvw skdw,
rwqo-rwq rwvIauN pwr lMGw AweIdy ny”[
pwiksqwn bxn qoN kwPI smW bwAd vI jdoN h`tvwxIAW ny
h`tI leI sOdw-p`qw lYx AMimRqsr jwxw qW k`cy rwh Aqy dUr dw pYfW
hox kwrn ieh lok Aksr rwq nMU qurdy qy Agly idn vwps muVdy[
ryhiVAW au~qy au~cy fMfy bMn ky lwltYnW bMnIAW huMdIAW[ jo k`cy rwhW
‘c rOSnI krdIAW[ lutyry bUiJAW ‘c lu`k ky bYT jWdy qy ih`sw p`qI lYx
qoN bgYr nw jwx dyNdy[ hY qW grIb mwr pr T`gW dy ikhVy hL vgdy
ny ? A`j Bwrq srkwr mltI nYSnl kMpnIAW leI ipMfW dy ipMf
aujwV ky lokW dI rozI-rotI dw swDn zmInW AYkuAwier kr rhI
hY[mltI nYSnl kMpnIAW dy smwn dI FoAw-FuAweI leI sVkW vI
v`fIAW cwhIdIAW ny[ sVkW cOVIAW krn leI pyNfU Aqy SihrI A`fy
aujwVy jw hry hn votW nwL cuxy hwkm lokW dy nhIN rihMdy KUn pIxIAw
jokW dy ho jWdy hn[ vpwrI Aqy SwhW dI imLIBugq rhI hY lutyry Aqy
rwhW dI vI [ pr hux l`gdw hY ik vpwrI hI lutyry bx cu`ky hn qy Swh
Aqy rwh vI auHnHW dI vPwdwrI pwLdy hn[ qy AsIN Awpxy Gr-Gwt,
zmInW Aqy ruzgwr bcwaux leI jUJ vI nhIN skdy Aqy isrP

11
vpwrIAW qy hwkmW dy rihm qy hW[ sVk cOVI krn leI dukwnW Fwhux
vwLy noits Aw gey hn[ kI AsIN SwhW nMU nkwr ky vpwrIAW dw rwh
rok skWgy? pMjwbI dy mShUr ik`swkwr AlI hYdr ny ivdySIAW dy
gulwm BwrqI hwkmW bwry TIk hI iliKAw sI:
By: BI zihr nhIN jo Kw mrn
kuJ Srm nhIN ihMdosqwnIAW nMU
ikAw hoieAw ieMnW rwijAW nMU
kuJ lwj nhIN qurwnIAW nMU
BYVy Br Br dyvn Kzwny
PwrsIAW Aqy KurwswnIAW nMU
ivc CUxIAW dy Br ky n`k fobx
jy lYx nW v`ifAW pwxIAW nMU[
AKbwrW-rswilAW qy v`K-v`K vYbsweItW qoN myry lyK pVHky
sYNkVy pwTkW dy Pon dyS-ivdyS qoN Awey Aqy AwauNdy rihMdy hn[iek
g`l swry pu`Cdy ik quhwfI koeI ikqwb hux q`k ikauN nhI AweI?
myry pwTk qy chyqy myrI kivqw dI ikqwb aufIk rhy sn[pr
ies ieiqhwisk Aqy lokDrweI ivSy dI pusqk ilK ky pwTkW dI nzr
kridAW AiqAMq pRsMnqw AnuBv kr irhw hW[
lyKW nMU byloVw ivsQwr dyx dI bjwie g`l nMU sMKyp Aqy
idlcsp SbdwvlI nwL iSMgwrn dw Xqn kIqw hY[ lyKW nMU ijnHW q`QW
dI pu`T id`qI geI hY auhnW ivc im`QW vI hn qy ieiqhwisk q`Q
vI[pr ij`QoN q`k sMBv hoieAw imQW nMU qrk dy ADwr ArQ dyx dw
vI Xqn kIqw hY[ im`QW nMU qrkpUrn FMg nwL pyS krnw munwisb
nhIN huMdw[ pusqk dy bhuq swry kWf aus dOr dy hn jdoN dI BwSw hux
nhIN imLdI jW jy iSlwlyK imLdy vI hn qW auhnW nMU pVHnw sMBv
nhI[bhuq swrIAW khwxIAW sInw-bsInw vrqmwn q`k phuMcIAW
hn[ auhnW dy rUp bdldy gey[ auMJ imQW ip`Cy kuJ s`cweI jrUr huuMdI
hY[ myrw mnorQ hY ik jo kuJ imL irhw hY aus nMU sMBwilAw jwvy nhIN
qW Biv`K ivc auh vI imt jwvygw[ AsIN qyjI nwL Awpxy mUl nwLoN
ies tu`tdy jw rhy hW[ Biv`K dy i&kr ies kdr ilqwV rhy hn ik
AqIq v`l Jwkx dw smW hI nhIN lgdw[pusqk nMU pwTkW dI nzr
kridAW mYnMU ies g`l dw Aihsws hY ik ieh myrw koeI bhuq v`fw Koj
kwrj nhIN qy nw hI iksy Akwdimk mnorQ dI kwrj is`DI krn dI
myrI mnSw hY[ ieh qW bs vrqmwn dI iKVkI 'coN AqIq v`L Jwkx

12
dw iek Cotw ijhw Xqn hY[
auMJ mwJy dy Dwrimk/ieiqhwisk sQwnW bwry g`l krIey qW
Swied v`fw gRMQ bx jwvy pr mYN isrP auhnW QwvW dw izkr krnw
munwisb smiJAw jo ieiqhws dy DuMdly kWf hn[ ijhnW bwry jwxkwrI
nwmwqr imLdI hY jW AspSt ijhI im`Q imLdI hY[ ies leI pusqk
dw Akwr vDwaux dI bjwie ies AMdr vDyry jwxkwrI Brn dI koiSS
kIqI hY[ ieh ikqwb myrI Cy-s`q swlW dI imhnq hY[ieh tybl vrk
nhI sI[ieh iek qrHW dw jwnMUnI kMm sI[ BwvyN ies kMm ivc AQwh
muSklW dw swhmxw krnw ipAw hovygw pr jdoN jnMUn isr cVH ky
boldw hY qW muSklW phwV idKweI nhI dyNdIAW[icMqk ivdvwn fw.
ShrXwr hurW dy idKey rwh Aqy pRimMdrjIq hurW dy auqSwh qoN bgYr
ies ikqwb rUpI Xqn dw isry cVH skxw Swied sMBv nw huMdw[guribMdr
bwgI dw vI Sukrguzwr hW ijsny kYmrw lY ky myrw swQ id`qw[ Aqy
PotoAW dI vMn-suvMnqw nwL ikqwb nMU inKwirAw[
Aws hY sUJvwn pwTk myry ies Coty ijhy Xqn ivc rih
geIAW aUxqweIAW v`l qv`jo idvwauxgy qy BivK ivc myrI sImq
jwxkwrI ivc vwDw krngy[
jiqMdr isMG AOLK

13
 QyhW dw rh`s Aqy CIinAW vwlw Qyh
QyhW bwry ijnHW vI iliKAw suixAw imLdw hY ausqoN koeI
prp`k rwie bxwauxI muSkl hY pr khIAW-suxIAW dy ADwr 'qy
s`cweI dy nyVy jrUr phuMicAw jw skdw hY[iek g`l pRq`K hY ik ieh
Qyh jW it`by qbwh hoeI pRwcIn siBAqw dIAW inSwnIAW Sihr jW
vpwrk kyNdr hn[ iehnW QyhW nMU iksy iek siBAqw nwL joVnw kwPI
muSkl l`gdw hY[ sMBv hY ik ieh Qyh v`K-v`K siBAqwvW dy qbwh
ngr hn[1947 dy iBAwink dMigAW vyly izAwdwqr aujVy Sihr
ksby BwvyN dubwrw Abwd kr ley gey[ pr kuJ ngr jo dubwrw v`s
nw sky QyhW dw rUp Dwr gey[ iehnW ivc hI AtwrI nyVlw ksbw pu`l
kMjrI hY[ BwvyN Qyh dw kwPI ih`sw p`Drw kr id`qw igAw pr kwPI
bicAw hoieAw hY[
ieh vI sMBv hY ik Qyh Acwink AweI iksy kudrqI AwPq
kwrn ijvyN v`fI sunwmI, DrqI nwL iksy aulkw ipMf tkrwaux vrgI
iksy Gtnw nwL Acwink qbwh hoey hox[ Aqy v`K-v`K smyN kuJ
kwrnw krky ngrW dw Qyh hoxw jwrI irhw hovygw[iehnW kwrnw ivc
sokw, hVH, jW BucwL nwL ngr dw Acwink qbwh ho jwxw, ngr ivc
iksy mhWmwrI dw PYlxw, jW koeI vihm-Brm, iksy gYbI kropI qoN
bcx leI ngr C`f ky iksy hor ielwky ivc prvws kr jwxw Awid
rhy hoxgy[
isMD GwtI dI siBAqw dy izAwdwqr ngr zmIn dI KudweI
dOrwn DrqI dI sqih dy hyToN imLy[ bhuq swry Qyh eIsw qoN iqMn hjwr
swl Aqy kuJ Cy hzwr swl purwxy hn[QyhW ivcoN imLIAW SwSkW Aqy
dyvI-dyviqAW dIAW mUrqIAW kwPI h`d q`k ies pwsy sMkyq krdIAW
hn[
mh`qvpUrn g`l hY ik jdoN qoN vI QyhW sbMDI KudweI jW Koj SurU
hoeI hY, DwrnwvW lgwqwr bdldIAW rhIAW hn[ kuSwxW ny lgBg
eIsw qoN 200 vrHy pihlW Bwrq 'qy hmlw kIqw qy ivSwl swmrwj kiem
kIqw[ aus swmrwj dw sB qoN qwkqvr rwjw kinSk sI[ aus vyLy
dy iek romn ieiqhwskwr ny iliKAw hY ' kinSk ny iek sqUp
14
bxwieAw jo aus ivSv dy sB qoN SkqISwlI swmrwj dI Swn dw pRqIk
sI'[ ieh sqUp muglW vyLy kudrqI AwPqW nwL FihFyrI ho igAw
ijsdw KMfr hux q`k bcy hoey hn[ ipSwvr nyVy KudweI dy dOrwn kuSwxw
dw bxwieAw ivSwl iklw imiLAw[ kuSwxw ny kwbl nMU vI rwj s`qw
dw kyNdr bxwieAw qy Xorp dy keI dySW q`k vpwr SurU kIqw[ romn
ivdvwnW dIAW ilKqW ivc Bwrq nwL huMdy vpwr dy keI sbUq imLdy
hn[ kinSk ny AwpxIAW keI mUrqIAW bxweIAW[ mhwqmw bu`D
dIAW mUrqIAW qW qwilbwnW ny nSt kr id`qIAW pr kinSk dw iek

15
sqUp A`j vI imLdw hY ijs 'qy drj hY ik ' ausnMU s`qw dyv lok sONp
ky gey hn qy auh BwrqvrS 'qy hjwrW swl SwnoSOkq nwL rwj
krygw'[ kwbl nyVy mkwn dI auswrI jW iksy hor kwrn KudweI dI loV
pvy qW kinSk dI qsvIr vwly is`ky A`j vI imL jWdy hn[
keI ivdvwn BwrqI im`Qk khwxI dy pwqr rwjw kMs nMU
kinSk mMndy hn[auMJ rwjw kMs vI kinSk vWg AwpxI pUjw krwaux
dw cwhvwn Aqy hMkwrI sI[ Bgvwn ikRSn ny nrisMG dw rup lY ky
ausdw Kwqmw kIqw[ Asl ivc BwrqI lok kuSwxW nMU ivdySI smJdy
sn qy auhnW qoN Cutkwrw pwauxw cwhuMdy sn auhnW jgHw-jgHw bgwvq
kr id`qI qy ieh bgwvq lgBg 100 swl q`k clI[ kuSwx rwjw
kinSk dy bu`q Aqy sqUp qoV id`qy gey[ ausdy bu`qW dy isr Aqy Aqy
bwhvW v`F id`qIAW geIAW[ kuSwxw dIAW keI ngrIAW Qyh kr
id`qIAW geIAW[ iehnW QyhW 'coN rwjw kuSwx dy v`Fy hoey h`QW Aqy Aqy
isrW vwLIAW mUrqIAW imLdIAW hn[
auprokq iviQAw d`sx dw ArQ ieh hY ik mwJy dy ivSwl Qyh
'CIinAW vwLw Qyh' bwry iek imQ ieh vI imLdI hY ik ie`Qy iksy
BwrqI rwjy ny cInI kYdIAW nMU kql kIqw sI[ ho skdw hY ik Bwrq
dy sQwink lokW Aqy kuSwxW ivc hoey tkrwA ivc kuSwxw dI koeI
ngrI qbwh hoeI hovy[CIinAW vwLy Qyh 'qy ibKrIAW h`fIAW, mnu`KI
ipMjr, aUTW,bYLW, GoiVAW dy ipMjr ies pwsy sMkyq krdy hn[ CIinAW
vwLy Qyh qoN POjI smwn p`Qr dy in`ky-v`fy goLy Awid imiLAw hY[
QyhW bwry iKAwl mn ivc AwauNidAW hI mn ivc iehnW QyhW
ivc dPn vsqUAW,mwnv Aqy jwnvrW dy ipMjr,brqnW, hiQAwr
Awid bwry jwnx dI qIbr auqsukqw pYdw ho jWdI hY[auh kOx lok sn
ijhnW dy ipMjr Aqy hiQAwr iehnW QyhW ivc dPn hn[ie`Qy kdI
DVkdI ijMdgI byjwn Qyh dw rUp ikvyN Dwr geI BwrqI imiQhwisk
kQwvW ivc Aksr izkr imldw hY ik iksy mhWirSI ny Axcwhy
kwrnW qoN duKI ho iksy ngrI nMU Qyh ho jwx dw srwp dy id`qw qW ngrI
dI DVkdI hlcl BrI izMdgI Qyh dw rUp Dwr geI[pr jdoN qrk dI
p`Dr 'qy g`l nMU ivcwrIey qW KojI mn AMdr svwl lwvy vWg P`utdy hn
siBAqwvW dw bxnw-tu`txw kudrq dw At`l inXm hY[kwrl mwrks
dy smwijk ivkws dy isDWq vWg[ pr siBAqwvW dy ivkws-ivnwS
leI dyvqy dw srwp kwrn bixAW jW kuJ hor ies sbMDI bhuq swry
q`Q hnyry ivc hn[ DuMdly mihsUs huMdy q`QW 'coN Anumwn lgwey jw skdy
hn jo s`cweI dy vDyry nyVy pRqIq huMdy hn[

16
 CIinAW vwLy Qyh bwry g`l krn qoN pihlW kuJ q`QW 'qy ivcwr
krnI bxdI hY sB qoN pihlw q`Q ieh hY ik Aijhy Qyh hjwrW dI
qwdwd ivc hn[ mwJy dy drjnW ipMfw v`l Jwq mwrn 'qy pqw l`gdw
hY ik jo ipMf sdIAW pihlW vswey gey auh swry QyhW 'qy v`sy hoey hn[
pr ieh g`l nvyN v`sy ipMfW 'qy lwgU nhIN huuMdI[
jdoN ipMf vswey jWdy sn qW kbIly dw muKI Aqy isAwxw
ivAkqI jgHw dI cox krdy[ Awsy-pwsy Ku`lIAW crwdW qy pwxI dw koeI
somw hoxw jrUrI sI[ iek jgHw 'qy kuJ Dwrimk rsmW qoN bwAd ipMf
b`Jx dI kwrvweI SurU huuMdI[ Agr nyVy-qyVy jgHw pihlW au~cI huuMdI qW
TIk sI nhIN K`crW jw bYlg`fIAW rwhIN bwhroN im`tI ilAw ky jgHw a~ucI
kIqI jWdI [ keI ipMfW dy duAwLy im`tI dI cOVI dIvwr huuMdI, jdoN ipMf
'qy DwV pYNdI qW ipMf dy mrd- AOrqW iek`Ty ho ky p`Qr dy goLy Coty-
v`fy gulyilAW rwhIN DwV bxky Awey vYrI 'qy brswey jWdy[ vYrI ipCWh
B`jx leI mjbUr ho jWdw[ AOLKW v`loN mwJy 'c bMnHy ipMf iesy qrkIb
nwL vswey gey[
v`K-v`K jwqIAW qy kbIly Awpxw ielwkw keI kwrnW krky
bdldy rihMdy sn, iehnW g`lW ivc rwjnIqk auQl-puQl, Bucwl,
sokw, crwdW dI Bwl, hVH,mhWmwrI Awid sn[ jdoN koeI kbIlw iek
jgHw qoN dUjI jgHw prvws kr jWdw qW ip`Cy iek Qyh bc jWdw[
ieh g`l mh`qvpUrn hY ik bhuqy QyhW ivcoN imLn vwlIAW
vsqW ivc kwPI smwnqw hY[ CIinAW vwLy Qyh dw AiDAn krn qoN
pqw l`gdw hY ik ies Qyh dI vrqoN keI qrHW nwL huMdI rhI hovygI[pr
ies Qyh ivcoN hor keI QyhW vWg koeI auswrI nhI imLI[ sB qoN pihlW
ies Qyh vwLI jgHw dI vrqoN kbrisqwn dy rUp ivc hoeI[ pRis`D
ieiqhwskwr fw. roimlw Qwpr ny vrnx kIqw hY ' hV`pw kwl ivc
eIsw dI SqwbdI dy SurU q`k BwrqI kbIilAW ivc irvwj irhw ik
auh murdy nMU im`tI dy BWifAW dI tu`t-B`j ivckwr kbrW bxw ky dPn
krdy sn[im`tI dy BWifAW dI tu`t-B`j ivCwA ky kbr iqAwr huMdI
Aqy murdy nMU aupr iltwA ky iPr brqnW dI tu`t-B`j pw ky aupr im`tI
pweI jWdI[ ieh rsm smW biqx nwL AMSk rUp ivc A`j vI qurI
AwauNdI hY[ jdoN imRqk dy isr vwLy pwsy im`tI dw brqn qoiVAw jWdw
hY[
ihstrI AwP ieMfIAw ivc auh ilKdI hY:
a ritual was popular in India till 200 centuary that people
buried dead boady at the tomb of scrab of earth vessels.

17
they were put the dead boady on broken earth vessels and
tomb was became exist.
CIinAW vwLy Qyh qoN v`fI igxqI ivc imLI im`tI dy BWifAW
dI tu`t-B`j Aqy ies tu`t-B`j 'coN imL rhy ipMjr ies q`Q dI pRoVqw
krdy hn[ muridAW nwL in`q vrqoN dIAW kuJ cIjW r`Kx dw irvwz
sI[ ausdy pSUDn nMU vI nwL hI dbwieAw jWdw[
swnMU ipMf dy iek bjurg ny d`isAw ik ies Qyh dw sbMD hrS
vrDn kwl nwl hY ijs qoN iesdw nwm hrSw-CInw pY igAw[ ie`Qy
ipMjrW nwL BirAW iek KUh vI imiLAw[ Aqy ieslwmI kwL dy is`ky
Aqy mohrW vI pRwpq huMdIAW hn[ b`icAW dy iKfwauxy vI p`Qr dy bxy
imLdy hn[ p`kI auswrI nhIN imLI pr p`kIAW ie`tW kwPI mwqrw ivc
imLdIAW hn[ iek c`kI dw puV vI imiLAw[ kuJ v`K-v`K DwqUAW dy
moqI vI hn[
Ajkl ies jgHw dy Aws-pws rwjpUq rwA is`KW ny sMgwiVAW
qy kml dI KyqI kIqI hoeI hY[ nyVy iek CMB vI hY[ auMJ hrSw dw
PwrsI ivc ArQ 'iqMn' hY[ ie`Qy iqMn ipMf koL-koL hn: CInw ivclw
iklw, CInw aucw iklw, Aqy hrSw CInw[ Qyh dI aucweI krIb pMjwh
Pu`t hY[ fyF iek Pu`t dIAW cOVIAW ie`tW Awm imLdIAW hn[ Qyh qoN
GuimAwr dw c`k vI imiLAw[ ijvyN ik ksyl vwLy lyK ivc mYN iliKAw
hY ik izAwdwqr QyhW dIAW iqMn prqW hn[ iehI prqW vwLI g`l
CIinAW vwLy Qyh 'qy vI lwgU kIqI jw skdI hY[ nwQW Aqy PkIrW ny
swDnw leI iehnW aujwV QyhW 'qy Awx fyry lwey[ iek gIq vI hY ' qyry
it`ly qoN Ahu sUrq dIhdI Aw hIr dI , Ahu lY vyK gorKw aufdI hY
PulkwrI[
QyhW bwry suxidAW hI mn ivc ijigAwsw Br jWdI hY[ ik
Awi^r ieh Qyh ikvyN bxy? ieiqhws dy ies hnyry kWf nMU jwnx dy
Xqn vjHoN Anyk im`QW Aqy Brm isrijq ho jWdy hn[
aus vyLy AbwdI kwPI sMGxI rhI hovygI[ ikauNik QyhW dI
igxqI kwPI hY Aqy koL-koL hY[ audwhrx vjHoN iB`tyv`F, kohwLI,
JMjotI, mwnwvwLw Aqy CIinAW vwLw Qyh[ keI QyhW ‘qy A`j vI ngr
v`sy hoey hn[bwAd ivc ie`DroN-au~DroN Aw ky v`sx vwLy kbIilAW ny
au~cI QW vyK ky Aw fyry lwey[ ies qrHW jMglI jwnvrW Aqy lutyirAW
dIAW DwVW qoN kwPI h`d q`k sur`iKAw rihMdI[
v`fy bWs jW iksy lckIlI l`kV nMU moV ky gopIey dw rUp id`qw
jWdw[ijs rwhIN A`g ivc pkwey im`tI dy goLy duSmx dI DwV ‘qy

18
vrswey jWdy[byr dy Akwr dIAW golIAW qoN lY ky ds iklogRwm q`k
Bwry goLy lyKk nMU imLy hn[ ieh ies FMg nwL vrswey jWdy ik duSmx
dw bcxw nwmumikn huMdw qy iek goLy nwL Anyk P`tV huMdy[
sB qoN v`D ivvwd siBAqw dy qbwh ho jwx bwry hY[lgBg
A`DI dunIAw ‘qy qbwh hoey Qyh imLdy hn[ ienHW ivc eySIAw ‘qy iesdy
nwL l`gdy dyS Swiml hn[ eynI ivAwpk qbwhI leI rwjnIqk
kwrnW nMU kdwicq ijMvyvwr nhI ikhw jw skdw[[
ies qbwhI dw iek kwrn aulkw ipMf dw DrqI nwL tkrwA
jwxw mMinAw jWdw hY[ A`j vI ivigAwnI Aijhy KqirAW dIAW
icqwvnIAW idMdy rihMdy hn[do gRihAW dI t`kr vI ho skdI hY[ ieh
vI sMBv hY ik gYsW dy goLy dy rUp ivc koeI ivSwl gRih DrqI dy
vwXUmMfl nwL Kih ky lMG igAw hovy Aqy iesdI grmI ny jIv jMqU
mwr id`qy hox Aqy ngr qbwh kr id`qy hox[
QyhW ivc imlx vwLy mrdW, AOrqW dy ipMjr ies pwsy v`l
ieSwrw krdy hn ik ivdySI hmlwvrW dy lgwqwr h`ilAW ny iesdw
AMq kr id`qw[ pr QyhW ivc mwnvI ipMjrW dy nwL pwlqU pSUAW dy
ipMjr vI imly hn ies leI kqlyAwm vwLI g`l pUrI qrHW FukvIN nhI
l`gdI[ Bucwl jW sunwmI vrgIAW GtnwvW dw vwprnw vDyry mMnxXog
hY[
ivigAwnI icqwvnIAW jwrI kr rhy hn ik DruvW ‘qy jMmI
brP ipGl rhI hY Aqy smuMdr dI sqih PYldI jw rhI hY[ smuMdr
hOlI-hOLI DrqI nMU inGldw jw irhw hY[ Bwrq dy pRwcIn gRMQW qoN
mhWsunwmI dIAW keI sUhW imLdIAW hn[ ivSxU purwx dy pMjvyN sUqr
ivc drj hY:
jdoN brKw dw jl spq irSIAW dy sQwn qoN vI au~cw ho jWdw
hY qW pUrI iqrlokI mhWswgr dy rUp ivc bdl jWdI hY[ iPr ivSnMU
Bgvwn dy svwsW qoN pYdw hoeI vwXU ies jl nMU smwpq krn leI sO
swl q`k vihMdI hY[ pRcMf hvw c`ldI hY qy pRlAY dw pRkop huMdw hY[
ivSxU Bgvwn dy suAwsW qoN pYdw hoeI hvw jl soK lYNdI hY qy dubwrw
isRStI dI rcnw huMdI hY[jrw socIey ‘Baujl’ Sbd ikvyN hoNd ivc
AwieAw[ Aiq AOKy hwlwq vyLy ikhw jWdw hY ik AYsI Baujl peI ik
koeI rwh nhI l`Bdw[ ‘Baujl’ ArQwq BYA dw pwxI jW iBAMkr
pwxI[
isMD GwtI dy siBAqw dy KudweI dOrwn imLy SihrW dI bxqr
Xojnwb`D sI[ smwijk jIvn bhuq hI KuShwl Aqy hr qrHW nwL

19
siBAk sI[ pr ies KudweI dOrwn sB qoN hyTW iek hor siBAqw dy
icMnH imLy hn[ ijsnMU ‘pUrv hV`pw’ siBAqw dw nwm id`qw jWdw hY[
pUrv hV`pw siBAqw vyLy ilpI ivkisq nhI hoeI Aqy kuJ icMnHw qoN kMm
ilAw jWdw hovygw[
pRqIq huMdw hY ik CIinAW vwLw Qyh iesy pUrv hV`pw siBAqw
nwL sbMiDq hY[ie`QoN muslmwn SwSkW dy smyN dy vI kwPI mwqrw ivc
is`ky imLdy hn[hmlwvr POj ies Qyh ‘qy itkwxw krdI rhI hovygI[Qyh
dI aucweI kwrn suri` KAw p`KNo POjW ie`Qy fyry lwauNdIAW rhIAW hoxgIAW[
l`gdw hY ik Xu`D dOrwn kql hoey ispwhIAW, Awm nwgirkW qoN ielwvw
iek isAwhIdwn jW rMgdwn vI imilAw jo brqnW Awid ‘qy rMg Brn
leI vriqAw jWdw hovygw[ im`tI nwL bxIAW jwnvrW Aqy pMCIAW
dIAW AwikRqIAW v`fI mwqrw ‘c imLdIAW hn[ hYrwnI dI g`l hY ik
brqnw ‘qy rMg hwly vI ievyN cmk rhy sn ijvyN huxy kIqy hox[CIinAW
vwLy Qyh qoN imLy moqI imsr dI mYsopotwmIAW siBAqw dI KudweI dy
dOrwn vI imLy hn[ aus smyN au~qr Bwrq dw XUrp nwL ivaupw
pRicilq irhw hovygw[
fw. roimlw Qwpr ies kwl nMU nv pSwx kwl nwL joVdI hY[
Aqy iesnM hV`pw jW isMD GwtI dI siBAqw leI bIj rUp ADwr mMndI
hY[
A`j qoN 10 hjwr eI: pU: q`k mnu`K ny pSUAW nwLoN v`KryvW
krnw SurU kr id`qw sI[ mwnv dy qjrby ‘coN Anyk pRkwr dIAW kwFW
Aqy klwvW ivkisq ho rhIAW sn[iesy pnp rhI ibrqI ‘coN mnu`K
ny siBAk hox vwLy pwsy kdm cu`ky[ Aqy bsqIAW ‘c rihxw SurU kr
id`qw[ Anwj pYdw krnw SurU kr id`qw[ iSkwr leI nvIAW qknIkW
ApxweIAW qy pSU pwlx dw irvwz SurU ho igAw[ is`ty vjHoN pUrv hV`pw
siBAqw ivkisq hox l`gI[
au~qr Bwrq aupjwaU BUmI hox kwrn ies siBAqw dw kyNdr
bixAw[ SurU ivc mnu`K dI Bwl isrP iSkwr q`k hI sI[ Anwj dI
pYdwvwr kwrn pSUAW nMU krMsI dy rUp ivc vriqAw jwx l`gw[ iSkwr
leI nvIAW qknIkW ApxweIAW qy pSUAW nMU pwlqU bxwieAw jwx
l`gw[ pUrv hV`pw dI siBAqw vyly Aqy hV`pw siBAqw vyLy ieh
ivaupwr dUr dySWqr q`k PYl igAw[ vpwr Aqy ijAwdw hwisl krn
dI lwlsw kwrn Xu`DW dy dOr c`ly Aqy rwjnIqk srh`dW ausrIAW[ pr
pihlW srh`dW isrP BUgoilk hI sn[
ies siBAqw dy nSt hox kwrn kwrnw ivc mhW sunwmI dw

20
m`q sB qoN mh`qvpUrn l`gdw hY[ kuJ QyhW ‘qy smuMdrI Gogy Aqy sMK
imLy hn[
‘fyls’ Aqy rweIks’ vrgy ivdvwnW ny ies m`q nMU qrkpUrn
FMg nwL pRcwirAw[
fw. ikrn kumwr QpAwl Aqy fw. sMktw pRSwd Sukl ny
pusqk ‘isMDU siBAqw’ ivc iesdy qbwh ho jwx dy kwrnw dw ijkr
kIqw hY[ hor kwrnw dy nwL auhnW sB qoN v`D jor ‘jl pRlAY’ ‘qy
id`qw[
sMBv hY ik koeI DUmkyqU DqrI nwL Kih ky jW kuJ ih`sy nwL
tkrwA ky lMG igAw hovy iesdI Agn nwL DrqI dI au~prI prq sV
geI hovygI[Aqy swgrW ivc auCwl Aw ky sunwmI Aw geI hovygI[
hzrq nUh vyLy dy iksy ivnwSkwrI qUPwn dw ijkr im`QW ivc imLdw
hY[ kihMdy hn ik kyvl ies qUPwn ‘coN auho hI bc sky jo hzrq nUh
dy byVy ‘c svwr sn[
pMjwbI dy pRis`D Swier hirMdr isMG mihbUb dI lMmI kivqw
‘mOq Aqy QlW dy rwh’ ivc ilKdy hn:
Pyr myrI jwn ‘qy lrzy
nUh vyLy dy pwxI
kot vwr hP ijMd ggnw dI
mMJDwrIN kumlwxI
nUh dw byVw qoV ky grjy
AMbroN pry AMDwrI
idl myry qoN J`l nw hoeI
simAW dI iklkwrI

myrI hoS dy bUhy moeIAW

mjHbW dIAW prvwjW
Gwiel kry kskW ny swgr
sMg suhwxy rwjW

Bwr phwVW hyTW su`qy

bwl-vrys dy hwxI!
milAW dy ivc ndIAW swmHy
mMgdy mr gey pwxI

21
 b`jr cup mUrCw dI ‘coN
kuJ ih`ly prCwvyN
qdoN iksy Ardws ny ilKy
jIvn dy isrnwvyN
loVH hY ieiqhws dy ies DuMdly kWf bwry alIkIAW DwrnwvW dI
bjwie Ku`LHy mn nwL Koj jwrI r`KI jwey[
isMD GwtI dI siBAqw iks kwrn qbwh hoeI , ieh iek
pycIdw svwl hY[ ieh kudrqI nym Anuswr c`lx vwlw kRm hY[mwnv
dIAW loVW bdldIAW rhIAW hn[ hwlqW Anuswr Fwl lYxw mnu`K dI
kwmXwbI dw sB qoN v`fw kwrn bixAw[ Awid mwnv ny A`g nMU AwpxI
ie`Cw Anuswr vrqx dI jwc is`K leI ijsny mnu`KI ivkws ivc Aihm
BUimkw inBweI Aqy inBwA rhI hY[ ies leI Bojn dw pRbMD krnw
sOKw ho igAw[ bhuq swrI bnspqI mnu`K dy Bojn dw ih`sw sI[ mwnv
dy isrP iSkwr ‘qy inrBr nw rihx kwrn ausdw pYrW ‘qy KVy hoxw
mh`qvpUrn irhw[ ausny AwpxI sur`iKAw v`l vI iDAwn id`qw[ ijs
kwrn guPwvW Aqy ru`KW qoN au~qr ky jMglI bUtIAW dIAW vwVW Aqy
hOlI-hOlI mkwnW dI kwF ivkisq hoeI[
ikhw jWdw hY ik loVH kwF dI mW hY, vrnxXog q`Q hY ik
mnu`KI smJ nMU iq`iKAW krn ivc ijnHW kwrnw ny mh`qvpUrn BUimkw
inBweI auhnW ivc Bojn dI qlwS, kudrqI mwrW Aqy jMglI jIvW qoN
sur`iKAw do Aihm kwrn hn[ mwnv siBAqw dw mUl FWcw iehnW do
kwrnw ‘qy inrBr hY[ ie`QoN hI mOjUdw mnu`KI siBAqw dw srUp
bixAw[ hux vI Acyq hI ieh do kwrn hr vyly swfy AMg-sMg ivcrdy
swfy pYNqVy inrDwrq krdy jWdy hn[ iesy leI ivkws Aqy ivnwS hoxw
hI huMdw hY[ ieh kudrq dw At`l inXm hY[
BU mwPIAW dIAW lwlcI ingwhW kwrn QyhW dw vjUd Kqry ‘c
hY srkwr nMU iDAwn dyxw cwhIdw hY[

22
 rwxI lUxw dw ipMf:cimAwrI
ij`Qy kwdrXwr, dOlq rwm qy iSv lUxw il`K ky Amr ho gey
[auQy lUxw ny pqw nhIN ikMny kvI Amr kr id`qy[ikMny kvIAW ny lUxw
'qy klm AzmweI krky Swhkwr pYdw kIqy[ Awau quhwnMU lUxw dy ipMf
cimAwrI lY c`ldy hW[ ipMf cimAwrI AMimRqsr ijly dI Ajnwlw
qihsIl qoN kuJ iklomItr dI iv`Q qy hY[ auNJ cimAwrI kdI 2500 qoN
3000 hzwr swl pihlW m`D eySIAw dw auGw vpwirk Sihr sI[ pr
rwvI dy hVHW dI mwr Aqy rwjnIqk bKyiVAW kwrn ie`QoN dy bwiSMdy hor
QWvW v`l ihjrq kr gey[ pr qkrIbn cwr sdIAW pihlW ieh ipMf
muV Abwd hoieAw qy muV siBAqw DVkx l`gI[ kihMdy hn ik
cimAwrI dw purwxw nwm p`kw Sihr sI[
lUxw sWby dy rwjy dI DI sI[jdoN lUxw jnmI qW pMifq ny tyvw
lw ky d`isAw ik "ie`s lVkI qoN rwjy dI jwn nMU ^qrw hY ies AOlwd
dw jnm qyry leI Su`B nhI,N hy rwjn ies qoN iksy qrW Cutkwrw pw"[
rwjy ny ie`k sMdUk bxvwieAw ijsdy do Bwg bxwey gey[ hyTly Bwg iv`c
sony dIAW mohrW, gihxy, hIry Awid pw id`qy gey[ Aqy auprly Bwg
iv`c lUxw nMU iltw id`qw igAw[qy sMdUK dirAw burd kr id`qw
igAw[ruVdw hoieAw sMdUK ipMf cimAwrI dI Gwt qy pIpy Aqy ie`k
DobI dI nzr ipAw[ dohW ny sMdUK dirAw iv`coN k`F ilAw Aqy pIpy Aqy
DobI ivcwly sMdUK dI mwlkI nMU lY ky JgVw ho igAw[AMq PYslw hoieAw
ik sMdUK dw auprlw ih`sw pIpw r`K lvygw qy hyTlw DobI[
lUxw pIpy cimAwr dy pl ky jvwn hoeI[ ausdI suMdrqw bwry
ibAwn krnw Swied auicq nhIN ikauNik kvIAW ny koeI ibMb, AlMkwr
Aijhw nhIN C`ifAw jo lUxw dI suMdrqw ibAwn krn leI nw vriqAw
hovy[kwdrXwr kihMdw hY:
jwie rwjy slvwhn AWdI[
iek iesqrI hor ivAwh ky jI [
ausdI jwq cimAwrI qy nwm lUxw[

23
 Gr AWdI sI eIn mnwie ky jI[
kwidrXwr kI AwK suxwvW?
pMCI if`gdy gS Kwie ky jI[
isAwlkot dw rwjw cimAwrI dy koL iSkwr KyifAw krdw
sI[ ausny Acwink ie`k idn Gwt qy lUxw nMU vyK ilAw qy ausqy moihq
ho igAw[ausny lUxw kol ivAwh dI pySkS kIqI pr lUxw ny Srq lweI
ik rwjw ausdy ipMf iv`c 12 KUh lvwey Aqy cimAwrI qoN isAwlkot q`k
p`kI sVk bxwey[ rwjy ny eyysy qrHW hI kIqw[ rwxI lUxw qy pUrn Bgq
nwL ikvyN bIqI ieh kwPI mkbUl kQw hY ieh mkbUl lokgwQw hY jo
bwAd ivc sMKyp ilK id`qI geI hY[ lUxw duAwrw Awpxy mqryey pu`qr
pUrn nMU cwhux kwrn lUxw kvIAW qy ik`swkwrW dI nPrq dI pwqr
rhI hY[ pr ausdI dihkdI jvwnI nMU isAwlkot dy bu`Fy rwjy slvwn,
jo ausdy ipqw dI aumr dw sI nwL nrV dyxw ikQoN dI idAwnqdwrI
sI?hIr,swihbW vWg lUxw ny vI kvIAW nMU smu`cI AOrq jwq nMU gwhlW
k`Fx dw mOkw dy id`qw[ iSv ny kvIAW dI prMprwgq lIk qoN ht ky
lUxw dy h`k iv`c g`l kIqI :
bwp jy DI dw rUp hMFwvy
qW ie`s jg nMU lwj nw Awvy
jy lUxw pUrn nMU cwhvy
cirqrhIn ikauN khy jIB jhwn dI
ipMf dy ie`k bjurg dy d`sx Anuswr ie`k Kyq dI KudweI dy
dOrwn hyToN purwxIAW ie`tW dw KUh inkilAw[ ie`k hor bzurg sR:
pRIqm isMG ny d`isAw ik auhnW dy bjurgW ny isAwlkot q`k p`kI sVk
Kud vyKI sI[ sR: pRIqm isMG ny ieh vI d`isAw ik pwiksqwn bxn
qoN pihlW auhnw ny SVk dw kuJ ih`sw Kud vyiKAw sI [ cimAwrI dI
mShUr SKsIAq kwmryf rwjySvr isMG hn[ auh dySBgq lihr iv`c
kurbwnI dy puMj vjoNH nwmvr jINauNdy-jwgdy hsqwKr hn auhnW nMU
kwmryf dlIp isMG tipAwlw ny dySBgqI dI lgn lgweI[ Aqy
auhnW ny swrI aumr lokW dI syvw kridAW lgw id`qI[ auh cimAwrI
dy KWdy-pINdy pirvwr iv`coN sn[ jvwnI vyly auhnW dy pirvwr vwly
auhnW 'qy SwdI krn dw dbwA pwaux l`gy[ pr ivAwh vwly idn auh
GroN dOV gey ikauNik auh smJdy sn ik Gr-igRsqI auhnW dI
dySBgqI dI lgn iv`c rukwvt bxygI[ aus qoN bwAd auh pwrtI dy
kulvkqI dy qOr 'qy kMm krdy Aw rhy hn[ sI.pI.AYm dy AMimRqsr

24
AYlbrt rof vwly dPqr iv`c kwPI smW ibqwaux mgroN auh Ajkl
dySBgq Xwdgwr hwl jlMDr ivKy rih rhy hn[
lgBg 2000 qoN 2500 swl pihlW cimAwrI cmVy qoN bxn
vwlIAW vsqW dw iqjwrqI kyNdr sI[ ie`QoN bxn vwLIAW cmVy dIAW
vsqW nw isrP au`qrI Bwrq blik mulqwn, kMDwr, KwVI Pwrs qy kuJ

Arb dySW nMU vI swgr dy zrIey splweI huMdIAW sn[ ijMHnW iv`c
GoiVAW dIAW lgwmW, ju`qIAW, mSkW qy POjIAW dIAW ivSyS iksm
dIAW puSwkW Awid Siml hn[id`lI qoN jo vpwrI kwPly KwVI Pwrs v`l
lwhOr rwhIN nhIN jwieAw krdy sn[ auhnW dw pVwA cimAwrI-
isAwlkot Awid huMdy sn[ ie`s qrW krn dy keI kwrn sn vpwrIAW
dy id`lI lwhOr vwly rwh 'qy lutyirAW dI ijAwdw ingwh rihMdI sI qy

25
msUl vgYrw v`D qwrnw pYNdw sI[
jdoN bMdw bhwdr ny srhMd Pqih krky bwkI pMjwb v`l kUc
kIqw qW POjW sxy ie`Qy pVwA kIqw[ bMdw bhwdr ny ie`QoN cVweI krky
BIlovwL dy ielwky 'c igljy v`Fy[ ij`Qy bMdw bhwdr ny pVwA kIqw au`Qy
A`j gurduAwrw ivdmwn hY[ ipMf iv`c ie`k qulsI dws nwm dy Bgq
dI smwD hY jo swrI aumr ie`sqrI dy m`Qy nhIN sI l`gw[ cimAwrI ipMf
dy do jrnYl sR: nwhr isMG Aqy mwKy KW mhwrjw rxjIq isMG dy
ivSvwS pwqr au`Gy jrnYl sn[ AMgrzW nwL hoeIAW lVweIAW iv`c
dohW ny kmwl dI bhwdrI ivKweI[ jrnYl mwKy KW dw izkr SwhmuhMmd
dy jMgnwmw isMGW qy PrMgIAW 'c vI AwauNdw hY:
'myvw isMG qy mwKy KW hoey is`Dy
h`ly iqMn PrMgI dy moV su`ty'
Swh muhMmdw isMGW ny goirAW dy
vWg inMbUAW lhU incoV su`ty'
jMg hwr jwx ip`CoN mwKy KW ipMf Aw igAw[ ie`k idn ipMf
cimAwrI au`qy fwkUAW hmlw kr id`qw[ mwKy KW ny Awpxy swQIAW nwL
fwkUAW dw ft ky twkrw kIqw[ fwkU sBrwvW vwlI dI lVweI dy
iehnW nwiekW swhvyN it`k nw sky Aqy mwKy KW ny ipMf dI rwKI
kIqI[mhwrjw rxjIq isMG ny mwKy KW Aqy sR: nwhr isMG nMU jgIr
id`qI hoeI sI[ is`K POjW v`loN kMDwr dw iklw Pqih krn smyN mwKy KW
qopcI sn[Aqy iklw Piqh krn iv`c mwKy KW dw bhuq v`fw h`Q sI[
mwKy KW dy mihl dI nwnkSwhI ie`tW dI cwridvwrI Aqy bcy hoey do
kmirAW iv`c ie`k ikswn prvwr rih irhw hY[mkwn dw ivSwl
drvwjw vI mOjUd hY[ cwridvwrI ieMnI mjbUq hY ik mwKy KW vrgy
bhwdr XoDy Aqy POjI idmwg dI kwF hY[ mwKy KW dw poqrw Anvr
husYn 1947 ivc pirvwr smyq SyKUpury pwiksqwn v`s igAw[ Anvr
husYn dw poqrw kuJ smW pihlW cimAwrI AwieAw qy Awpxy F`Ty mihlW
qy nqmsqk ho ky igAw[ pRis`D pMjwbI lyKk Aqy ivcwrvwn AmIn
milk cimAwrI ipMf dy jMmpl hn jo A`jkl lMfn rih rhy hn[
ik`sw pUrn Bgq qy lUxw:
d`sdy hn ik rwjw slvwhn (slvwn) 50 swl dI aumroN t`p
cu`kw sI pr ausdy koeI AOlwd nhIN sI[ slvwn qy ausdI rwxI ie`CrW
A`gw nw v`Ddw vyK ky kwPI pRySwn sn[ dIvwn rUpy Swh ny dohW nMU gurU
gorKnwQ dy it`ly jwx dw suJwA id`qw[ dOlq rwm ilKdw hY:s ho jw

26
it`ly nMU huxy iqAwr Swhw AYpr ieCrW nMU lY ky nwL c`lIN[
dyvIN rwj AiBmwn iqAwg eyQy ho ky idloN grIb kMgwl c`lIN[
dOlq rwm auQy qYnMU imLy FoeI ies jg dw C`f iKAwl c`lIN[
rwjw Aqy rwxI gurU gorK nwQ dy it`ly ‘qy jw phuMcy[ rwxI
ieCrW Awrjw krdI kihx l`gI:
h`Q joV ky ieCrW Arj krdI krIN iKAwl nwQw krIN iKAwl
nwQw[
Awjj ho ky pey hW Srn quhwfI pirqpwl nwQw pirqpwl
nwQw[
dOlq rwm nw dUsrw Byd koeI qUM Akwl nwQw qUM Akwl nwQw[
gurU gorK nwQ ny rwjy-rwxI dy Arj krn ‘qy iek mn ho
drgwhy ibrqIAW phuMcw id`qIAW Aqy Ardws kr id`qI[ Ardws
pRvwn hoeI Aqy slvwn dy Gr pu`qr dw jnm hoieAw[ nw ri`KAw
igAw pUrn[ swrw ngr KuSIAW nwL Br igAw[ Kjwny dy duAwr KoLH
id`qy gey[
tyvw lwaux leI pMifq cqr dws qy durgw d`q nMU s`idAw
igAw[ dovyN Sihr dy mhwn ivdvwn sn[pMfqW ny rwjy nMU d`isAw ik
bwrW swl pu`qr dy m`Qy nw l`gIN[ bwrW vrHy iesdy m`Qy l`gxw qyry leI
Bwrw hY[ AMq SihroN bwhr Borw bxvwieAw igAw[[ jdoN bwrW swl
bwAd pUrn Bory ‘coN bwhr AwieAw qW CYl juAwn sI[ausdy ichry ‘qy
rwjkumwrW vwLw Ajb nUr sI[ ausnMU vyK sB dI Bu`K lihMdI sI[
iek idn isAwlkotoN rwjw iSkwr Kyfx cimAwrI ipMf rwvI
dy kMFy Gwt dy koL Aw inkilAw[ lUxw nMU vyK ausqy moihq ho igAw qy
ivAwh ky lY AwieAw[ pr slvwn Aqy lUxw dw koeI hwx prvwn nhI
sI[ suMdr Aqy juAwn lUxw Bu`Fy rwjy qoN Borw KuS nhI sI[
jdoN lUxw ny mqryey pu`qr pUrn v`l vyiKAw qW ausnMU aus ‘coN
Awpxw hwx nzr Awaux l`gw[ kwmv`s ho lUxw Awpxy mqryey pu`qr
nwL ieSk dIAW pIGW JUtx dy suPny vyKx l`gI[
dOlq rwm kwm ny m`q mwrI huMdy idhu AMdyrVw pwie id`qw[
AMq lUxw ny iek idn mOkw qwV ky pUrn nMU Awpxy idl dI g`l
kih id`qI[pr pUrn Drm eImwn dw p`kw sI[pr lUxw dy mn dI
SYqwnI AvsQw hux CupI nhI sI rhI[ kvI dOlq rwm dw kihxw hY:
fwFI kwm smuMdr dI lihr loko kOx inkLy eys qUPwn ivcoN[
Awky pwp ny icq nMU qMg kIqw siihm geI kMbKq dI jwn

27
ivcoN[
dOlq rwm kI aunW dw irhw bwkI inkl gey jo Drm eImwn
ivcoN
Aqy lUxw ny pUrn A`gy ies qrHW ArzoeI kIqI:
lUxw AwKI g`l nw AwKxy dI ijsdy leI mYN mu`K mroVnIAW
qyry ieSk v`loN vYrI icq myrw muVdw nhI bhuqyrVw moVnIAW
ijvyN rwm qy sIqw dw joV Awhw qyry nwL joV joVnIAW
dOlq rwm qyry husn dy bwg ivcoN iek ieSk dw Pu`l qroVnIAW
Aqy pUrn lUxw nMU juAwb dyx l`gw:
pUrn AwKdw LUxw nMU cup ho jw bol mu`K sMBwl ky vYNn mwqw[
bwr bwr qyry A`gy Arj myrI qYnMU KuAwr krsI ihrs fYx
mwqw[
dOlq rwm ies ihrs nMU dUr krky k`t vWg muswPrW rYx
mwqw[
pUrn v`loN lUxw dw ieSk dw pRsqwv Tukrwaux mgroN lUxw ny
rwjy koL pUrn ‘qy JUTw ielzwm lgw id`qw ik iesny mYnMU burI nzr
nwL vyiKAw Aqy myrI ie`jq nMU h`Q pwieAw hY[ rwjy ny lUxw dI g`l
ivc Aw ky pUrn dy h`Q pYr vFvw ky KUh ivc sutvw id`qw[jdoN gurU
gorK nwQ Awpxy cyilAW smyq au~QoN dI lMiGAw qW cyly dI nzr pwxI
Brdy smyN KUh ivc pey pUrn ‘qy pY geI[ swDUAW ny pUrn nMU k`F ilAw
qy gurU gorK nwQ ny qMqr ividAw rwhIN pUrn dy AMg slwmq kr id`qy[
pUrn vI jog lY ky nwQW nwL rL igAw[
BRmx krdw swDUAW dw tolw jdoN iek phwVI dyS AMdr
igAw[ qW pUrn iBiKAw lYx leI Sihr AMdr jw dwiKl hoieAw[
rwxI suMdrW iek rwjy dI ivDvw sI[ jdoN pUrn ny iBiKAw lYx leI
suMdrW dy mihl A`gy AlK jgweI qW mihlW dI C`q ‘qy KVI suMdrW dI
nzr pUrn ‘qy pY geI[ ausny golI nMU Byj ky pUrn nMU au~pr s`d ilAw
qy pUrn ‘qy moihq ho geI[ ausny pUrn nMU mihlW ivc rihx leI
mnwauxw SurU kr id`qw[ pr pUrn jqI ienkwr krky vwips Aw
igAw[ rwxI suMdrW ny cwl c`lI ausny swry swDU s`d ky Bojn krwieAw
qy swDUAW dI tihl syvw kIqI[ KuS ho ky gurU gorK nwQ kihx l`gw
ik mMg jo kuJ mMgxw eI[ rwxI suMdrW ny pUrn mMg ilAw[ gurU dw vcn
pugwauxw sI pUrn ikvyN nWh krdw[ pUrn suMdrW dy mihlW ivc rih
ipAw[

28
 pr jdoN suMdrW ny pUrn nMU aus nwL syj sWJI krn dI g`l khI
qW pUrn ny ieh kih ky nWh kr id`qI ik mYN jq sq dw pUrw hW[pr
suMdrW v`loN mjbUr krn ‘qy pUrn vwps Aw igAw[ rwxI suMdrW ny pUrn
dy ivXog ivc mihl dI C`q qoN CwL mwr ky jwn dy id`qI[ pUrn nMU vyK
ky gurU aus nwL gu`sy ho igAw ik ausny gurU dy bcn nUM JUTw kr id`qw
hY[ gurU ny pUrn nMU Cyk id`qw[
bu`Fw rwjw lUxw dI ku`KoN vI pu`qr cwhuMdw sI[ auh swDU dI
mihmw sux ky lUxw nMU lY ky pUrn koL igAw pr pUrn nMU pCwx nw sky[
qW pUrn ny lUxw duAwrw pUrn nwL kIqI krqUq d`s id`qI[ lUxw ny
gunwh mMn
ilAw[ kRoDvwn rwjw, lUxw qy ausdI JUTI gvwh hIrW bWdI nMU
kql krn l`gw qW pUrn ny rok id`qw[ Aqy lUxw nMU pu`qr dw vr id`qw[
rwjy ny pUrn dy kihx ‘qy lUxw nMU muAwP kr id`qw qy lUxw dI ku`KoN jldI
hI bhwdr pu`qr ny jnm ilAw jo rwjw rswlU dy nwm nwL pRis`D
hoieAw[ ieDr pUrn dI mW ieCrW pu`qr dy ivXog ivc ro-ro AMnHI ho
geI[ rwjy slvwn dy bwg su`k gey[ pUrn ny iPrdy-qurdy bwg ivc
Awx fyrw lwieAw qW bwg hrw-Brw ho igAw[ rwxI ieCrW nMU golIAW
ny d`isAw ik bwg ivc bVw krnI vwLw swDU AwieAw hY auh qyry nyqrW
dI joq moV dyvygw[ rwxI ieCrW jdoN bwg ivc geI qW ausny pUrn dI
Avwj pCwx leI mmqw v`s ausdIAW CwqIAW ‘coN du`D vgx
l`gw[ausdIAW A`KW dI joq vwips Aw geI[ mW-pu`q dw imlwp vyK
r`b vI idlgIr ho igAw[
pUrn dI mW ny aus nMU mihlW ivc vwips Awaux leI mjbUr
krnw SurU kr id`qw[ pr pUrn ny juAwb id`qw ik:
pUrn khy dIvwn jI s`c AwKW mYnMU loVH nw rwj smwj dI ey[
s`c bolxw kMm hY P`krW dw AOxI g`l nw AsW nMU pwj dI ey[
skw kOx hY iksy dw j`g au~qy dunIAW kul imqr Awpxy kwj
dI ey
Aqy mwqw kihx l`gI:
mwqw AwKdI igAwn nw d`s bytw ibrhoN nwL myry AMg cUr ho
gey[
BVkI ihzr dI A`g cOqr& Awky h`f Bu`j ky isl mnUr ho
gey[
cOdW brs mYN hSr dy vWg k`ty nyqr roNidAW myry sMDUr ho gey[

29
 dOlq rwm ivCoVy dI A`g fwFI roz k`txy imsl qMdUr ho gey[
pr pUrn ny jgq dI nwSvwnqw bwry d`s ik mW dw iDAwn
prmwrQ v`l joV id`qw qy Kud ivdw lY leI[
ieh ik`sy pMjwbI swihq dI ijMdjwn hn[ auprokq ik`sw
isrP cskw lY ky pVHn vwLw nhI blik ijMdgI dI s`cweI nwL BirAw
ipAw hY[ pUrn jq-sq sMqoK Aqy au~cy AwdrSW dw pRqIk hY[ lUxw
ihrs,kwm Aqy vwsnw dw pRqIk hY[ iehnW lwgW dy v`s ipAw mnu`K
Awp vI KuAwr huMdw hY qy horW dI KuAwrI dw vI kwrn bxdw hY[ rwjw
slvwn kRoDvwn Aqy hMkwr dw mwirAw hY [ hYNkV ivc auh JUT s`c
dw inqwrw nhI kr skdw qy slvwn dw kRoD qy hMkwr, lUxw dy kwm Aqy
ihrs dw iSkwr huMdw hY[ qy BugqxI hmySW pUrn ijhy Bolypn nMU peI
hY[iqMn ibmwrIAW slvwn dw hMkwr, kRoD qy lUxw dw kwm rL gey[
rwxI ie`CrW moh ivc gRsI hoeI hY[ pu`qr moh ivc auh sMswr dI hr
mW vWg gL-gL q`k fu`bI hoeI hY[
iek hor ikrdwr juVdw hY rwxI suMdrW dw[ auh vI ieSk jwl
ivc aulJdI hY pr auh lUxw nwLoN v`K hY ikauNik auh pUrn v`loN Tukrwey
jwx qy lUxw vWg kurbwnI lYNdI nhI sgoN ipAwr ivc kurbwnI dy idMdI
hY[ Swied ie`Qy ieh smJwaux dI koiSS hY ik ipAwr hwisl krn dw
nhI blik kuJ dyx dw nWA hY ArQwq iqAwg dw[
ies ik`sy ivclI s`cweI swfy swirAW qy lwgU huMdI hY[ qy mnu`K
kdI jq-sq vwLw pUrn bxdw hY Aqy kdI kwmv`s ho lUxw dw rUp
Dwrn kr lYNdw hY[ kdI AsIN hMkwry Aqy AwkVy hoey Akl dy drvwjy
bMd krI bYTy slvwn huMdy hW qy kdI mmqw, moh ivc gRisAw hoieAw
mnu`K ie`CrW dw rUp Dwrn krdw hY[ieh jIvn dIAW s`cweIAW hn[
fw. ShrXwr ny pUrn dy ikrdwr nwL ienswP krn leI nwtk ‘Bory
vwLw pUrn’ iliKAw hY[

30
 kdI Bwrq dI rwjDwnI irhw ‘klwnOr’

AMimRqsr-gurdwspur ijilAW dy byh`d pRwcIn Swno SOkq vwLy

ngrW ivc klwnOr dw Sumwr AwauNdw hY[ klwnOr ny bhuq auqrwA-
cVwA vyKy[keI vwr aujiVAw qy v`isAw[mugl kwl smyN ieh Sihr
AwpxI Swno-SOkq dI crm sImw ‘qy phuMicAw qy Akbr ny iesnMU
AwpxI rwjDwnI bxw ky pUrI dunIAW ‘qy hkUmq kIqI[gupq kwl qoN
ihMdUAW dy mhwn qIrQ dw drjw r`Kdw ieh Sihr nw isr& mugl kwl
ivc sMswr dy sB qoN ivSwl swmrwj dw kyNdr bixAw blik ieslwimk
sMsikRqI dI jo mhwnqw ies Sihr ‘coN imLdI sI ie`sdI hor audwhrn
l`BxI muSkl hY[
klwnOr ivc Ajy q`k auh QVw mOjUd hY ijs ‘qy Akbr dI
qwjpoSI hoeI sI[ hmwXUM dI mOq 26 jnvrI 1556 eI: nMU id`lI ivKy
pOVIAW ‘coN iqlk jwx kwrn hoeI[aus smy Akbr 13 swl dw sI[
bYrm KW ny Akbr nMU klwnOr ‘c TihrwieAw qy Awp iskMdr sUr dy
ivru`D muihMm ‘c ru`J igAw[ iskMdr sUr Syr Swh sUrI dw vwirs
sI[klwnOr ‘c 14 PrvrI 1556 eI: nMU bYrm KW dI AgvweI hyT
Akbr dI qwjpoSI kr id`qI geI[ ijs QVy ‘qy Akbr dI qwjpoSI
hoeI auh QVw A`j vI mOjUd hY[ F`Ty hoey purwxIAW ie`tW dy do kmry vI
hn ijhnW ivc pSU b`Jy hoey sn[kol ikrn ndI ( swfy ielwky ivc
iesnMU s`kI ndI kihMdy hn) vgdI hY[ ies jMgl ivc Akbr bYrm
KW dI ingrwnI hyT iSkwr KyifAw krdw sI[
klwnOr ‘c Akbr dy rwj smyN suMdr bwg lgvwey gey[KUbsUrq
Bvn inrmwx vI hoieAw[ ijsdy nwmwqr ijhy KMfr hI imLdy hn[Sihr
qoN Akbr dI qwjpoSI vwLy sQwn q`k bzwr Aqy iemwrqW bxweIAW
geIAW[ Akbr dy smy klwnOr sMswr dw Swied iek KUbsUrq Sihr
sI[ bygmW dy mihl qoN surMg is`DI msIq q`k jWdI sI[ bygmW surMg
dy zrIey surMg q`k nmwj Adw krn jWdIAW[msIq Ajy q`k kwiem
hY ij~Qy ibhwr qoN Awey hbIb Awlm nmwj pVHdy hn[ bygmW dw mihl
Fih cu`ikAw hY[ mihl dw kw&I ih`sw KVw hY kMDW ‘qy kmwl dI nkwSI

31
leI pqw nhI ikhVy rMg vrqy gey sn jo q`k vI AwpxI cmk-dmk
kwiem r`Ky hoey hn[ nkwSI ivc Pu`lW,ru`KW qoN ielwvw nwc krdy
mrd-AOrqW dIAW qsvIrW hn[iek ikswn ijsny mihl dy iek h`sy
‘c pSU bMnHy hoey sn swnMU Aw ky mihl dIAW qsvIrW iK`cx qoN mnw
krn l`gw[ auh cwhuMdw sI ik mihl Fih jwvy Aqy auh swry mihl nMU
pSU bMnx leI vrq sky ausnMU fr sI ik jy mihl bwry ikqy Cp igAw
qW srkwr mihl dI sWB-sMBwl dw ijMmw Awpxy isr nw lY lvy[ pr
mihl ieMnI burI qrHW qihs-nihs ho cu`kw hY ik ausdI sWB-sMBwl
krnI jrUrI hY[
bwvw lwl dXwl jI ny ikrn ndI dy SWq kMFy nMU Awpxw qp
AsQwn bxwieAw ie`Qy auhnw 84 swl BgqI kIqI[ iek bIbI ny bwbw
jI koL Aw ky bynqI kIqI ik iDAwnpur ivc iek dyA ny lokW dw jIxw
du`Br kIqw hoieAw hY qW bwbw jI iDAwnpur Aw gey[ Aqy dyA dw
auDwr kIqw[Swhjhwn Awpxy pu`qr dwrwiSkoh nwL nwL bwbw jI dy
drSnw nMU AwieAw[ ie`Qy KUbsUrq mMdr vI ndI dy AYn iknwry
ivdmwn hY[ ndI ivc pwxI vg irhw sI QoVHw A`gy jw ky ndI kuJ cOVI
ho jWdI hY[ iek iknwry gu`jrW dIAW Ju`gIAW Aqy pSU b`Jy hoey sn[
bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw sihb vI hY[
klwnOr dy hwkm suhrwb KW Aqy kwnMUgo sMqoK rwie qy ausdy Brw AnoK
rwie ny lokW dw jIxw du`Br kIqw hoieAw sI[bMdw isMG bhwdr ny
iehnW nMU suDr jwx dI icqwvnI id`qI[ pr suhrwb KW ny A`goN au`qr
ByijAw ik ‘srhMd dI ij`q ny qyry idmwg nMU PqUr ivc lY AWdw hY ”[
bMdw isMG bhwdr ny hmlw kr id`qw qy 1771 ibkrmI sMmq nMU klwnOr
muglW dy kbjy hoToN inkL is`KW dy kbzy ‘c Aw igAw[bMdw isMG
bhwdr ny klwnOr dI ie`t nwL ie`t vjw id`qI Aqy aus nMU rokx leI
lokW ny ie`kiTAW ho ky bMdw bhwdr nMU bynqI kIqI[ d`sdy hn ik aus
vyLy dI qbwhI dw mlbw kuJ dhwky pihlW q`k imLdw irhw[
mhMq dy d`sx Anuswr klwnOr ivc ivSv dw sB qoN purwxw
Aqy v`fw iSvilMg mOjUd hY[ AwstrylIAw qoN Awey KojI ivdvwnW ny
ivigAwink FMg nwL Koj krky ies iSvilMg dI ie`Qy sQwipq hox dI
aumr eIsw qoN lgBg 2000 vrHy pihlW dI imQI hY[ hjwr swl
pihlW ieh mMdr k`cw sI[ sMn 1300 eI: ivc ie`Qy rwjw js rQ ny
hmlw kIqw qy mMdr Fih igAw[ieslwimk auQl-puQl dy dOr ivc

32
33
au`pr: bygmW dy F`Ty mh`l,vgdI ikrn ndI, nwQW dIAW smwDIAW Aqy
bwvw lwl dXwl jI dw mMdr[

mMdr dI punr auswrI v`l koeI iDAwn nw id`qw igAw[ pr mMdr AMSk
rUp ivc mOjUd sI[ Akbr ny mMdr dI punr auswrI dw hukm id`qw Aqy
KudweI kwrn pRwcIn iSvilMg inkilAw[ muslmwn ispwhI iesnMU m`ky
vwLy p`Qr vrgI koeI cIj smJ bYTy qy kihx l`gy ik ‘kwLw nUr’ pRgt
hoieAw hY[ ies qoN ies Sihr dw nwm klwnUr Aqy bwAd ivc klwnOr
pY igAw[ iek hor imQ Anuswr kwlw qy nOrw do BrwvW dy nwm qoN ieh
nwm bixAw[ mhMq sweIN dws dy d`sx muqwibk ieh mMdr sqXu`g qoN

34
hY[ sr muhMmd lqIP Anuswr ie`Qy 1388 eI: ivc mhWknySvr jI
mhwrwj ikhw jWdw sI[ mhMq sweIN dws qy auhnw dy vfyry 2000 swl
qoN pIVHI dr pIVHI mMdr dI syvw kr rhy hn[
iSv jI mhwrwj ie`Qy Awp Awey sn[ jdoN gxyS jI Aqy
kwriqk jI g`dI qoN JgV pey qW kwriqk jI ny nrwj ho ky A`cl
(btwlw) ivKy fyrw lw ilAw[ dyvI –dyvqy mnwaux gey[ pr kwriqk
jI dw gu`sw SWq nwhoieAw[AMq dyvI-dyviqAW dy kihx qy iSvjI
mhWrwj Awp Awey qy kwriqk nMU smJwaux qoN bwAd klwnOr mOjUdw
mMdr vwLI jgHw fyrw lwieAw[
jdoN Akbr nMU kuJ lokW ny cuglI lweI ik Awid gRMQ sihb
ieslwm ivroDI hY qy iesqy pwbMdI lgweI jwxI cwhIdI hY[qW iSv
mMdr dy lwtUAW vwLy brwmdy ‘c Awid gRMQ dw pRkwS kIqw igAw BweI
gurdws Aqy bRhm igAwnI bwbw bu`Fw jI ny bwxI dw jwp kIqw qW
Akbr DMn-DMn ho igAw qy guru bwxI qoN bhuq pRBwivq hoieAw[
Akbr ny iqMn idn mn ic`q lw ky bwxI suxI[ rwjkumwr KVk isMG
ny 200 ik`lw zmIn mMdr dy nwm krweI[ mMdr ivc KVk isMG dy nwm
dI is`l l`gI hoeI hY[ 1849 eI: ivc zmIn AMgryj srkwr ny jbq
kr leI[ qy 1855 eI: ivc muAwvzw id`qw[
klwnOr pRwcIn BwrqI siBAqw dw gvwh irhw, mugl kwl
vyLy ivSv dw sB qoN suMdr Sihr Aqy SwnoSOkq vwLI smu`cy Bwrq dI
rwjDwnI irhw,Aqy hux ihMdU-is`K BweIcwirk sWJ dw kyNdr hY[Anyk
siBAwqwvW dI ie`s mhwn ivrwsqI DrqI nMU mYN nqmsqk hW[

35
 sOVIAW jo muglW vyly qihsIl sI
hor lyKW qoN ielwvw mYnMU ieiqhws nwL sbMiDq kuJ nw kuJ
ilKx dw SONk hY[ lUxw dy ipMf cimAwrI bwry myry lyK nMU pwTkW ny
gihrI idlcspI nwL vwicAw[ myrI koiSS huMdI hY ik isrP ausy
ieiqhws bwry iliKAw jwvy ij`s bwry pihlW kdI nhIN iliKAw igAw[
qy kuJ nvyN q`Q lokW dy swhmxy Awaux[ pMjwbI ieiqhws bxwauxw qW
jwxdy ny pr sMBwlxw nhIN[ qy nw sMBwlx kwrn bhuq swrw ieiqhws
Kqm ho igAw hY[
Xogrwj bn AiDAwiqimk qlwS iv`c ibnW d`sy GroN inkl
quirAw sI hrIduAwr swDUAW dI mMflIAW iv`c jw riLAw[ pr ie`Qy
Aw ky ausny vyiKAw ik ijs qlwS iv`c auh ie`Qy AwieAw sI, aus
AiDAwqimkvwd dw bolbwlw G`t qy iesdy nwm ‘qy T`gI vDyry sI[
v`K-v`K rwjW qoN rwjy jdoN AsQIAW jl pRvwh krn leI jW hirduAwr
ieSnwn krn leI AwauNdy qW swDUAW dIAW sMprdwvW dwn dI rkm
qoN Awps iv`c KihbV jWdIAW[
rUhwnI qlwS iv`c Btkdy Xogrwj bn dw mn vDyry ASWq ho
igAw[ auh Btkdw swDUAW dI ie`k mMflI nwL rL ky pMjwb Aw
igAw[ mMflI qW A`gy isAwlkot v`l cly geI pr Xogrwj bn rwvI
iknwry ipMf sOVIAW Tihr igAw[ sOVIAW muglW vyly qihsIl dw drjw
r`Kdw sI qy pMjwb dIAW AmIr qihsIlW ‘coN ie`k sI[ ie`Qy ihMMdU Aqy
muslmwn sMprdwvW dy msIqW, iSvidAwly qy mdr`sy sn [ Xogrwj
ie`Qy brwhmx guru dw cylw pY igAw[ gurU dy hor vI bhuq swry cyly sn[
gurU ny vyd-purwxw dI pVweI krwauxI SurU kr id`qI[ pr Xogrwj bn
sMprdwvW ‘c b`Jx dw lKwiek nhIN sI[ ie`k idn ausny muslmwnW
dy ie`k qkIey qoN BMg pI leI[ iksy ny ausdy guru nMU iSkwieq kr id`qI
ik qyry cyly ny Awh krqUq kIqI hY[ bRwhmx gurU dw gu`sw Asmwn CUhx
l`gw[ ausny AwauNidAW hI Xogrwj bn nMU sotIAW nwL ku`t id`qw[
Xogrwj bn ny BMg pIqI jrUr sI pr Xog iv`idAw rwhIN hzm nhIN
sI kIqI[ ausny Xog ividAw nwL BMg kMn rwhIN bwhr plt id`qI [
36
guru hor gu`sy iv`c Aw igAw[ gurU ny krwmwq ivKwaux dy doS hyT
Xogrwj nMU ijauNdy-jIA smwDI lYx dw hukm id`qw[ smwDI dw ArQ
drAsl ijauNdy ivAkqI nMU jmIn iv`c toAw pu`t ky ibTw ky aupr
im`tI pw dyxw hY[ jmIn iv`c toAw pu`itAw igAw qy iv`c Xogrwj nMU
ibTw i`dqw igAw[ jdoN au~pr im`tI pwaux dw vylw AwieAw qW gurU ny
Xogrwj nMU pu`iCAw ‘jy qyrI koeI AwKrI ie`Cw hY qW d`s’? qW Xogrwj
kihx l`gw ‘ ijMnHW ny myrI iSkwieq kIqI hY auhnW dw k`K nhIN
rihxw’[ guru kihx l`gw ik mrn l`gw qW dIn-dunIAW dy Bly dI g`l
kr[ iesqy Xogrwj ny ikhw ik jo ausdI smwDI ‘qy cwLI idn dIvw

37
jgweygw ausdI hr murwd pUrI hovygI[ toey iv`c bYTy Xogrwj ‘qy im`tI
pw ky toAw pUr id`qw igAw qy Xogrwj hmySW leI DrqI iv`c smw
igAw[ ij`Qy ausny ijauNdy jIA smwDI leI auQy aus dI kbr A`j vI
ipMf sOVIAW iv`c mOjUd hY[
ipMf sOVIAW muglW vyly qihsIl hox kwrn kwPI KuShwl ipMf
irhw hY[ ipMf iv`c A`j vI nwnkSwhI ie`tW dy kMDW –koiTAW dI
Brmwr hY[
mugl kwl dIAW keI iemwrqW auvyN hI Awpxw SwhI vjUd lY
ky KVIAW hn[ jo hux AOkwP borf dI jiedwd hn[ auMJ AOkwP borf
qy ikswn lok keI vwr kbjy qoN JgVdy vI hn[ ipMf nMU dirAw v`loN
Fwh lwaux qoN bcwaux leI bxwey bwrWdry qy lMmI dIvwr hux BwvyN nhIN
pr kdI AiqAMq suMdr nzwrw pyS krdy sn[
ipMf dw purwxw nwm sUrIAW sI jo SyrSwh sUrI dy AihlkwrW
ny r`iKAw sI [ pr bwAd i`vc ipMf dIAW glIAW BIVIAW hox kwrn
iesdw nwm sOVIAW pY igAw[ muglW vyly aubwry Kwn ie`s qihsIl dw
Aihlkwr sI[ ausny keI suMdr msIqW ipMf dy cwr-cuPyry bxweIAW
jo A`j vI mOjUd hn[ ausdy pu`qrW ny Awpxy-Awpxy nwm ‘qy pMj ipMf
vswey kmwl KW ny c`k kmwl KW, mhMmd KW ny mihmdpurw, imSrI KW
ny c`k imSrI KW[
sRI guru nwnk dyv jI dy shurw mUl cMd K`qrI jI ie`Qy ptvwrI
vjHoN syvw inBwauNdy rhy[ drAsl qihsIl dy mwmlw qy hor kMmkwr
vyKx leI mUl cMd aubwry Kwn dy ivSvwSpwqr sn[
guru nwnk dyv jI Awpxy bwl pirvwr smyq kuJ idn ieQy Aw
ky Awpxy shurw sihb kol rhy[ aubwry Kwn gurU jI dw murId bx
igAw[ ausny guru jI dI Xwd iv`c KuhI vI lgvweI[ pr Blw hovy
kwrsyvkW dw ijMnHW nwnkSwhI ie`tW dI ie`s KUhI nMU C`q ky motr lw
id`qI qy au`pr sMgmrmr jV id`qw[
guru sihb nwL juVI ie`s mhwn ieiqhwisk inSwnI nMU iehnW
kwrsyvkW ny sMgmrmr dI Byt cVw id`qw[ pr iehnW BwaUAW qW hor
vI keI QWeIN ieiqhwisk inSwnIAW dI jV v`FI hY[ pr swfy kihx
dw ikhVw Asr hoxw ‘ myly dy iv`c suxdw ikhVw rwg ttIhrI dw’[
is`K rwj vyly sOVIAW dI vwgfor sR: gMfw isMG dy h`Q Aw
geI[ sOVIAW AMimRqsr qoN cogwvW lopoky dy koL hY[

38
mwJy dI DrqI qy v`isAw pRwcIn ipMf bMfwlw
mwJy dI DrqI qy v`sy hoey ipMf bMfwlw dw ivckwrlw ih`sw kwPI
au~cy Qyh qy v`isAw hoieAw hY[ipMf dIAW glIAW kwPI Ku`lIAW hn[
ipMf iv`c vVidAW hI krnYl dy F`Ty mh`l nzrIN pYxgy[ mh`lW dw ie`k
drvwjw qy kuJ bcIAW dIvwrW Apxy smyN rhI AwpxI Swn dI khwxI
kih rhIAW hn[ mh`l dy KMfrW dI Swn vyKky BulyKw pYNdw hY ik ieh
purwxy smyN dy iksy rwjy-mhwrwjy dy hoxgy[swfy pu`Cx qy ie`k bjurg ny
d`isAw ik mh`l AMgryjW dy smyN krnYl (krnl) sihb dy hn [
krnYl sihb dy nwm nwL mShUr krnl jvwlw isMG ny iehnW mh`lW
nMU bxwieAw[ jvwlw isMG GroN hL vwhux igAw qy iksy g`loN ivXog
iv`c Aw ky is`Dw AMimRqsr phuMc igAw[ ij`Qy pihly ivSv Xu`D kwrn
BrqI Ku`lI sI[ jvwlw isMG AswDwrx SKSIAq dw mwilk sI[jo
AwpxI Xogqw kwrn APsr BrqI ho igAw[ie`k idn AMgryz APsr
dy bMgly nMU A`g l`g geI [bMgly iv`c AMgryz dI pqnI qy do b`cy vI
sn[ AMgryz duhweI pwvy pr frdw koeI lwgy nw jwvy[cqur idmwg
jwvwlw isMG cwr-pMj kMbL iBauN ky A`g iv`c ku`d igAw qy pihly Pyry
dovyN b`icAW nMU bwhr k`F ilAwieAw qy dUjy Pyry mym nMU[ APsr ny KuS
ho ky jvwlw isMG dI qr`kI dI isPwirS kIqI qy jvwlw isMG krnl
bx igAw[ jvwlw isMG ny ipMf Aw ky ieh mihl bxvwey[ausnMU ie`k
swDU dw srwp hox kwrn ipMf C`fxw ipAw[Ajkl ausdw pirvwr
kpUrQly rih irhw hY[
A`j qo kuJ sdIAW phlW mwlvy qoN Awey mYlKI ny ipMf dw m`uF
bMinAW iesy leI iesnMU mYlKI dw bMfwlw vI kihMdy hn[ sMGxI AbwdI
vyK ky AMdwjw lgwieAw jw skdw hY ik ieh ipMf hjwr swl dy lgBg
pihlW vswieAw igAW hovygw[ ipMf coN lgBg pMj hjwr swl pihlW
qbwh hoeI siBAqw dy AvSyS spSt imLdy hn[ Aqy iksy kudrqI
AwPq nwL qbwh hoeI hV`pw siBAqw dy bwkI ngrW vWg ieh ngr
vI qbwh ho igAw qy Qyh bx igAw[ dsvIN sdI dy nyVy-qyVy mwlvy qoN

39
Awey mYlKI ny muV 'bulMdAwlw'( au`cI QW ‘qy hox kwrn bulMdAwLw nwm
r`iKAw igAw) ipMf vsw id`qw ijsdw nwm ivgV ky bMfwlw pY igAw[
mnmohn bwvw dy nwvl Xu`D nwd iv`c izkr imLdw hY ik
jwflw ngrI iv`c j`t kbIilAW dy rUp iv`c jnpdw dw rwj sI[

40
vrnx jwflw ngrI hux dI jMifAwLw ngrI hY[ jo bMfwLw qoN isrP
do iklomItr dUr hY[ mugl kwl vyly qy rxjIq isMG kwl vyly ie`s ipMf
dy muK bjwr iv`c kwPI rOxk sI[ jo hux suMnswn ipAw hY[ bjwr iv`c
nwnkSwhI ie`tW dy bxy kuJ GrW dy KMfr vI hn[ d`sdy hn ik id`lI
nMU jWdy kwPly ie`Qy bjwr iv`c pVwA krdy qy jrUrI vsqW dI KrIddwrI
krdy[ lgBg iqMn sO swl purwxw Gr AsW vyiKAw ij`sdy swhmxI
dIvwr qy ihMdU dyvI-dyviqAW dIAW qsvIrW KUbsUrq FMg nwL icqrIAW
hoeIAW sn pr Gr lgBg KMfr bx cu`kw sI[kmwl dI g`l ieh sI
ik KMfr bx cu`ky Gr dIAW FihMdIAW dIvwrW qy suSoibq iehnW
qsvIrW dy rMg Ajy vI qro-qwzw mihsUs ho rhy sn[ ieh icqr ihMdU
dyvI-dyviqAW dIAW v`K-v`K mudrwvW dI pySkwrI kr rhy hn[ ipMf
dy bwhrvwr AsIN ie`k mugl kwl vyLy dw Awvw vI vyiKAw jo ibAws
dirAw coN inkldI ie`k Dwrw dy kMFy bxwieAw igAw sI jo hux Kqm
ho cu`kI hY[ie`s Awvy qy nwnkSwhI ie`tW bxdIAW sn ijMHnW dI tu`t-
B`j A`j vI mOjUd hY[
ipMf iv`c sB qoN v`D AwkrSx dw kyNdr nwQW dw fyrw hY ie`s
jgHw nMU Awsx jogI dy nwm nwL jwixAw jWdw hY[ieh nwQ sMprdwie
dy sn[ mMdr AMdr phuMcx qy iksy inrwlI hI dunIAW iv`c phMc gey
mihsUs huMdw hY[swDU AwpxI hI rmz AMdr msq sn[ ‘am guru gorK
Awey nmh’ dy Alwp ny iPzw mihkweI hoeI sI’[ l`gdw sI ik mMqr
dy Alwp ny bRhm dy duAwly koeI jwdU bux id`qw hY[ ijvyN pRmwqmw huxy
hI AwpxI AgMmI svwrI rwhIN auqrngy[ Aqy sB ihridAW nMU AgMmI
nUr nwL srSwr kr dyxgy[ msq-mlMgI dI ieh inAwrI dunIAW
nwd, K`KrIAW, muMdrW, iclmw, rudrwKS qy hor kImqI mxIAW dIAW
mlwvW, v`Krw hI sMswr hY nwQ jogIAW dw[ kuJ AwpxI hI rmz iv`c
bYTy hoey sn qy kuJ lyty hoey sn[ v`fAkwrI tYlIivzn qy bRhm igAwn
dIAW iPlmW c`l rhIAW sn[ bwbw hwizr nwQ ny do swDUAW nMU swfy
nwL mMdr dI Swn pRwcIn guPw ivKwaux leI ByijAw[ ie`k nwQ h`Q
iv`c twrc leI swfI AgveI kr irhw sI qy dUjw momb`qI lY ky swfy
ip~Cy c`l irhw sI [ rsqw eynw qMg ik goifAW rwhIN rINg ky hI A`gy
jwieAw jw skdw hY[qkrIbn do sO mItr lMmI guPw dy AMq iv`c AsIN
pIrW dI jgHw qy nmskwr kIqI[ ivSvwS hY ik gurU gorK nwQ guPw
iv~c pRgt huMdy hn[ieh guPw sYNkVy swl purwxI qy pihlW k`cI sI[
sYNkVy swl pihlW bwbw mrqk nwQ eyQy qp`isAw krdy sn[pRmwqmw

41
dI Xwd iv`c lIn hoey dunIAW dI su`D-bu`D Ko bYTy nwQ leI pRmwrQ nwL
imlnsQ`l rhI hY ieh piv`qr TMfI guPw[ guPw dy bwhrvwr v`fw t`l
ltk irhw sI[ mhWpurKW dIAW mUrqIAW bhuqsjwvtI qrIky nwL
ltk rhIAW sn[
mMdr dI ie`k nu`kry v`K-v`K nwQW dIAW smwDIAW hn[ bwbw
hwizr nwQ ny d`isAw ik jdoN mYN vI srIr C`f jwvWgw qW myry srIr
nMU vI toAw pu`t ky ie`k nu`kry dPn kr dyxgy[ mMdr dI ie`k nukry
KudweI dy dOrwn hyToN nwnkSwhI ie`tW dw ie`k KUh qy ie`k dIvwr imLy[
mnu`KW qy pSUAW dy ipMjr vI imly hn[ie`k pwsy imRqk nMU dPnwieAw
jWdw sI qy dUjy pwsy mMdr dIAW gWvW nMU, nwQ imRqk nMU AgnIdwh nhIN
krdy[mMidr qoN qurn vyLy swnMU ie`k is`l imLI ijsqy PwrsI ‘c kuJ
iliKAw hoieAw sI [ kihMdy hn ik blK-buKwry dw bwdSwh nwQW dw
SrDwlU sI[ jo Aksr nwQW dy drSn leI AwieAw krdw sI[mMdr
qy guPw sYNkVy swl purwxy hn[Acwink ie`k nu`kry peI 1.5 vrg Pu`t
dI ie`k ie`t idKweI id`qI[ bwbw jI ny d`isAw ik ieh ie`t auswrI
dOrwn nINh dI KudweI dOrwn imLI[ iblkul ieho ie`tW CIinAW vwLy
Qyh dI KudweI dOrwn vI imlIAW hn[ keI ivdvwn iehnW QyhW dw
sbMD iksy kudrqI AwPq nwL qbwh hoeI hV`pw dI siBAqw nwL
joVdy hn[bMfwlw dy vsnIk srvx isMG dy Gr KudweI dy dOrwn iehnW
v`f AkwrI ie`tW dw 20/22 Pu`t dw ie`k burj inkilAw[ pMj hjwr
swl pihlW imLIAW iehnW ie`tW nwL srvx isMG ny Gr dw ivhVw
p`kw kIqw hoieAw hY[ ie`tW qoN ielwvw hiQAwr, im`tI dy brqn
iKfwauxy, Awid sMd smwn vI imilAw hY[
CIinAW vwLy Qyh Aqy bMfwlw Qyh iv`c jy koeI AMqr hY qW
bMfwlw Qyh AMdr auswrIAW imLIAW hn qy hor vI imln dI sMBwvnW
hY pr CIinAW vwLy Qyh AMdr nw auswrI imLI hY qy nw imln dI
sMBwvnw hY[ srvx isMG dy GroN imilAw burj iksy pRwcIn ikly dw
ih`sw ho skdw hY jW sur`iKAw dy nzrIey nwL cuPyry nzr r`Kx leI
bixAW burj(ipkt)[ lokW iv`c pRiclq hY ik isMD GwtI dI siBAqw
vyly ie`s Sihr dw nwm dIp Sihr sI[sMBv hY ik kudrqI AwPq nwL
qbwh hoeIAW iehnW ngrIAW dy lok ie`Dr-auDr iKMf gey hox qy Qyh
hoey iehnW SihrW dI Xwd sInw-bsInW qurI AwauNdI hY[

42
 pMjwb dy AdIbW leI iebwdqXog
QW:pRIqngr
jdoN vI dUr-drwj dy iksy lyKk jW pwTk dw &on AwauNdw hY
qW bhuq lokW dI ijigAwsw pRIqngr bwry jwnx dI huMdI hY[lyKkW-
pwTkW Aqy pMjwbI ipAwirAW dw pRIqngr nwL moh eynw hY ik auhnW
leI pRIqngr jwxw h`j krn vWg huMdw hY[ pRIqngr pRqI lokW dI
iK`c vyK ky hwSm Swh dw iSAr Xwd Aw igAw:
hwiSm Xwr imLy quD AwKW, AsW KUb if`Tw suK qyrw[
qy pRIqngr dIAW rihmqW dw su`K bhuq swry
AdIbW,klwkwrW,iPlwsPrW ny mwixAw hY[ieh A`j vI pMjwb dI
DrqI 'qy Amnw dw hokw dyx vwiLAW dI iebwdqgwh hY qW hY hI nwL
hI ieh kdI swvI-p`DrI ijMdgI isrjx dy cwhvwnw dw gVH vI irhw[
pRIqngr sR: gurbKS isMG pRIqlVI duAwrw nvW sMswr isrjx dw
supnw sI ijs ivc sB pwsy smwnqw dw pswrw hovygw[aUc-nIc,fr-
Bau,dvYS-eIrKw dw nwm inSwn-inSwn nhI hovygw[ijvyN Bgq bwxI
ivc AwauNdw hY "bygmpurw Sihr kw nwau" Aqy
kih kbIr suiK shij smwvau
Awp n fro Avr nw frwau
vrgy sMklp imLdy hn[ gurbKS isMG pRIqlVI ny Aijhy
sMklpW dI pUrqI dw Kwb vyiKAw[ Aqy ies Kwb nMU hkIkq ivc
bdlx leI AdBu`q qrIky Aqy kmwl dy XkIn nwL mYdwn ivc in`qry[
s: gurbKS isMG pRIqlVI ny 374 Gumw jmIn jo k`lr sI
iek pYsw gj dy ihswb nwL KrIdI[aus vyLy sR: gurbKS isMG
AmrIkw qoN ieMjInIAr dI pVweI krky muVy sn[ies jmIn dw
pRIqngr sOdw kvI lwlw DnI rwm cwiqRk ny krvwieAw sI jo lopoky
dy rihx vwLy sn[ieh jmIn ipMf lopoky (ijlw lwhOr) Ajkl (ijlw
AMimRqsr) ivc pYNdI hY[7 jUn 1938 nMU pRIqngr dI sQwpnw hoeI[
jmIn ivc jhWgIr vyLy dw qlwb mOjUd sI[ie`Qy KUh, bwg burj vI

43
mOjUd sI[ pRIqlVI smwD bwbw PUlw isMG qoN 1934 ivc jwrI kIqI
geI[ jhwgIr dI bygm nUrjhW dI Arwmgwh nMU pRYs ivc bdl id`qw
igAw[ pRIqlVI dy pihly sPy 'qy AMikq huMdw sI:
iksy idl sWJy dI DVkx
iksy pRIq gIq dI lYA
pqy pRIq lVI dy d`sx
ijs ivc proqI sBy SYA
pRIqngr dI rUpryKw pRIqlVI ivc CpI qW v`K-v`K vrgW dy
lok plwt ktwaux leI DVwDr rkmw Byjx l`gy[ 'sMswr pRIq mMfl'
Aqy 'pRIq sYnw' hoNd ivc Aw geI[pRIqngr dI id`K nMU hor inKwrx
Aqy iesdy imQy inSwny nMU lokW ivc pRswrx leI pRIq sYnkW ny idn-
rwq iek kr id`qw[pRIq sYnkW ivc pRmu`K nwnk isMG nwvilst,ipAwrw
isMG sihrweI, nigMdr isMG,ieMdr isMG c`krvqI,krqwr isMG
s`cdyv,pRIqm isMG cwhl, Awid pRmu`K sn[
dyS-kOm,mjhb,jwq,rMg,nsl,Awid quAsbW qoN ht ky mnu`K
jwqI nMU ienswnIAq dy Drm ivc iproxw 1937 dy pRIqlVI dw mnorQ
d`isAw igAw[mnuK ` jwqI dI syvw,ijMdgI dw imAwr au~cw bxwauxw,kudrqI
FMg-qrIikAW nwL AwpsI BweIcwrw pYdw krnw,sMswr Aqy bRihmMf
dy suh`px nMU vDwauxw SRomxI mjhb d`isAw igAw[
pRIqngr dIAW rOxkW vDx l`gIAW[ienswnIAq Drm isrjx
dy cwhvwnW Aqy Amnw dy pYrokwrW nMU iek PrMt imL igAw[pRIqngr
bwry ipAwrw isMG sihrweI dI kivqw hY:-
pRIqngr dIAW Ku`lIAW QwvW
rumk-rumk ky vgx hvwvW
A`j ie`Qy hY koeI ArSI
Aws plmdI AweI[
ipAwry-ipAwry vwsI iesdy
sohxy-sohxy idl ijnHw dy,
nw koeI vYrI nwhI ibgwnw,
sgl sMg bx AweI
cMn cwnxI hyT qlw dy,
bih igAw pRIq kwPlw Aw ky
t`lIAW dI tuxkwr ey d`sdI
dUr mMijzl dy rwhI

44
 1940 ivc pRIqngr ivc ie`k AYktIivtI skUl KoHilAw
igAw[ijsdy pihly ipRMsIpl sR: jgdIS isMG sn[1940 ivc pMifq
jvwhr lwl nihrU ieh sB kuJ Kud vyKx Awey[pMifq jI ies sB kuJ
qoN bhuq pRBwivq sn[ pRIq imlxIAW ivc frwmy Kyfy jWdy,gIq gwey
jWdy[ Ajkl pMjwbI XUnIvristI pitAwlw dy islybs ivc l`gw
nwtk lohw ku`t ie`Qy KyifAw igAw[SIlw BwtIAw dw kwiv nwtk hu`ly-
hulwry keI vwr KyifAw igAw[ies dIAW klwkwr kuVIAW aumw,

45
SkuMqlw, pRiqmw,aurimlw( Ajkl aurimlw AnMd), SIlw igRPqwr
hoeIAW[qyrw isMG cMn dy aupyry,AmrjIq gurdwspurI dI bulMd Aqy
suirMdr kOr dI mDur Avwj pRIqngr dy snyhIAW nMU kIl lYNdI[Dwrimk
ilKwrI qyjw isMG kohlI dI nUMh Aqy gopwl isMG dI pqnI qyj kOr
kohlI v`loN frwimAw ivc inBwey rol nMU A`j vI lok Xwd krdy hn[SR:
gurbKS isMG dI lyKxI Aqy pRIqngr dIAW srgrmIAW qoN pRBwivq
ho ky ie`Qy Aw v`sy lyKkW ivc pMjwbI, ihMdI Aqy aurdU dy AdIbW ivc
blvMq gwrgI,mulk rwj AnMd,blrwj swhnI,nwnk isMG,aupyNdr
nwQ ASk,su K bIr,icqrkwr so B w isM G ,iPlmI klwkwr Aclw
s`cdyvw,AMimRqw pRIqm,AmrjIq cMdn,pRimMdrjIq(sMpwdk A`Kr
mwisk),Aqy muKqwr ig`l Swiml hn[hux kyvl muKqwr ig`l hI ie`Qy
rihMdy hn Aqy keI XwdgwrI khwxIAw ilK Aqy Cpvw rhy hn[
swihr luiDAwxvI vI kuJ smW pRIqlVI aurdU dy sMpwdk bxky
ie`Qy rhy[pRis`D Swier pRimdrjIq qy muKqwr ig`l ny 1975 ie`QoN loA
mYgzIn jwrI kIqw[ ijsdy bMd hox qoN bwAd A`Kr rswlw SurU kr
id`qw igAw[
1947 dI iPrkU hnyrI vyLy ie`Qy lwiebRyrI swV id`qI geI qy
keI AdIb ie`QoN hor QWvW v`l kUc kr gey[keI dubwrw sR: gurbKS
isMG pRIqlVI dIAW koiSSW sdkw vwps Aw gey[AdIbW dy keI Gr
ayusy rUp ivc sMBwly pey hn[qy kuJ Kqm ho cu`ky hn[pRIqngr dw pqn
1947 dI iPrkU hnyrI vyLy hoieAw pr 1970 vyly pRIqngr Aqy pRIq
lihr nMU bhuq s`t v`jI[ielwky 'c nkslbwVI lihr jor PV geI[
ies ielwky 'c swQI bldyv isMG mwn,srbjIq isMG iB`tyv`f smyq
Anyk nkslI lokW leI lVdy hoey ShId hoey[nkslI lihr dy pRBwv
hyT ie`k pRIq imlnI smyN virAwm isMG sMDU ny au~cI sur ivc pRIq
PlsPy ivru~D Avwj auTweI[iesy qrHW pRIqlVI dI Cpx igxqI GtxI
SurU ho geI[ pRIqngr qy pRIqlihr nMU smyN-smyN pMjwb dI rwjnIqk
auQl-puQl dw swhmxw krnw ipAw[ 1942 ivc AMgryzW ny pRIqngr
ivKy swihqk qy siBAwcwrk srgrmIAW 'qy pbMdI lgw id`qI ikauNik
ie``Qy nwtk k`F idau bwhr PrMgIAW nMU KyifAw igAw sI[ nkslI
lihr qoN bwAd KwilsqwnI lihr ny qW pRIqngr dIAW pRIq imlxIAW
dw Bog pw id`qw[ A`fw lopoky ivc sumIq isMG dI h`iqAw kr id`qI
geI[ qy lihr Kqm ho geI[ gurbKS isMG pRIqlVI dy pirvwr dy kuJ
jIA Aqy pRis`D lyKk muKqwr ig`l Ajkl ie`Qy rih rhy hn[nwnk

46
isMG dw pirvwr AMimRqsr v`s igAw[
muV tihk peIAW gulzwrW
gurbKS isMG pRIqlVI dI clweI pRIq lihr iek vwr Kqm
hox ip`CoN Ajkl ie`Qy muV siBAwcwrk Aqy swihqk srgrmIAW
jorSor nwL jwrI hn[gurU nwnk dyv XUnIvristI dy au~dm nwL ie`Qy
gurbKS isMG,nwnk isMG PwauNfySn dI sQwpnw kIqI geI[ bVI
AwlISwn iemwrq vI auswrI geI[ Aksr Bwrq Aqy pwiksqwn qoN
nwtk mMflIAW ie`Qy AweIAW rihMdIAW hn[ aupn eyAr iQeytr ivc
rwq nMU rOxkW juV jWdIAW hn[hr mhIny dy AwKrI bu`Dvwr ie`Qy juV
ky siBAwcrk srgrmIAW dw AnMd mwixAw jWdw hY[ AMq ivc
pRIqngr bwry muKqwr ig`l dy Sbd ie`Qy d`sx dI KuSI lY irhW[ikauNik
muKqwr ig`l hI AijhI SKSIAq hY ijsny pRIqngr dI AzIm Swn
nMU nyiVauN mwixAW qy hux vI mwx irhw hY:
"pRIqngr Aqy pRIqlVHI keI vrHy myrI aumr dy lyKkW dy
AwdrS rhy hn[myry smyq bhuq swirAW ny AwpxIAW ilKqW ivc
gurbKS isMG dw pRBwv kbUilAw[myry leI pRIqlVHI iebwdq rhI hY qy
pRIqngr iebwdqgwh[mYnMU pRIqngr AwieAW cwr dhwky ho gey
hn[ies dOrwn mYN iesnMU bVw nyiVauN smiJAw qy mwixAw hY[gurbKS
isMG dI sihjpRIq dw jwdU keI swl myry isr cVHky boldw irhw[ie`QoN
mYnMU mUMh mMgIAW muh`bqW imLIAW[A`j mYN AwpxI iek`l sMg KMfr 'c
bLdy icrwg vWg bL irhw hW[ myrw Aqy pRIqngr dw vI ieho nsIb
hY"(:muKqwr ig`l)[

47
 kwilAW vwlw KUh qy 1857 dy gdr smyN
pMjwb

jdoN 1857 dy ivdroh dI g`l c`ldI hY qW Aksr pMjwbIAW dy

Xogdwn nMU hwSIey 'qy r`K id`qw jWdw hY[ iblkuL s`c hY ik pMjwb dy
kuJ rjvwiVAW ny kOm nwL Droh kmwauNidAW AMgryzW dw ftvW swQ
id`qw pr pMjwb qoN bwhrly rjvwiVAW dw vI ieho hwl sI[pMjwb dy
jnsDwrx ny ie`s bgwvq ivru`D KUn fohlx qoN guryj nhIN kIqw Aqy
QW-QW CwauxIAW lu`tIAW[ sYNkVy pMjwbI AMgryjW nwL lVidAW golIAW
nwL ShId hoey[bgwvq ivc pMjwb dw jnsDwrx vI bwgI ispwhIAW
dy nwL Swiml sI[ smu`cy pMjwb dy keI ielwikAW ivc igrijAW dI
swV-PUk kr id`qI geI[ AMgryjW dy GrW Aqy dPqrW 'qy hmly krky
AMgryj APsrW dy kql kIqy gey[drAsl pMjwb ivc AMgryjW dy
ivru`D AijhI bgwvq leI mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy vyLy dy jrnYlW ny
pihlW vI Xqn kIqw sI[ ijs ivc hornW qoN ielwvw srdwr Swm isMG
AtwrI vwLw qy BweI mrHwj isMG Swiml sn[1850 dI koeI qrIk
imQI geI jdoN swrIAW CwauxIAW 'qy hmlw krky gulwmI dy jUly nMU gLoN
lwhux leI Awr-pwr dI lVweI lVI jwxI sI[ pr kuJ smW pihlW
ie`k gdwr ny muKbrI krky bxI KIr ivc suAwh pw id`qI[
pMjwb ivc 1857 dy ivdroh ivc hor sQwnW 'qy vI bgwvqW
au~TIAW pr luiDAwxw dI lVweI Aqy pwiksqwn dy imMtgurmI dy
ielwky ivc Krl kbIly dy lokW duAwrw Awpxy srdwr Aihmd Kwn
Krl dI AgvweI ivc hoeIAW gurIlw lVweIAW kwPI mShUr hn[
luiDAwxw dI lVweI ie`k hPqw c`lI qy ie`Qy keI AMgryz APsr kql
hoey qy bwkI ihjrq kr gey[ au~Dr KrlW dy GoiVAW dIAW twpW
AMgryjW leI mOq dw pYgwm sn[KrlW ny sYNkiVAW dI igxqI ivc
AMgryj Aqy auhnW dy ip`TU mOq dy Gwt auqwr id`qy[ do gdwr bydI
BrwvW ny Aihmd Kwn Krl nMU muKbrI krky igRPqwr krvw ky mrvw

48
id`qw[KrlW ny Awpxy juJwrU AwgU dI mOq dw bdlw jnrl brkly nMU
kql kr ky ilAw[ iehnW lVweIAW ivc brkly qoN ielwvw AYNglo-
is`K lVweI dw ie`k hor AMgryzW dw niek jnrl jYstr vI mwirAw
igAw ijsny is`KW ivru`D lVweIAW ivc v`fw rol inBwieAw sI[jldI
hI Aihmd Kwn Krl du`lw B`tI vWg pMjwbIAW dw kOmI nwiek bx
igAw[ aus bwry keI mkbUl iPlmW vI bxIAW qy tIvI sIrIAl vI
jo lhOr tYlIivzn qoN kwPI mShUr hoey[aus bwry keI lokgIq vI
pRcilq hn ( mYN Awpxy pwiksqwnI im`qrW qoN Aihmd Kwn Krl bwry
hor jwxkwrI mMgvw irhw hW qW jo BwrqI pMjwb ivc ie`s sUrmy dI
Xwd nMU qwjw r`iKAw jw sky[)
auprokq vrixq qoN ielwvw kuJ hor bgwvqW dIAW KbrW vI
pUry pMjwb ivc PYl geIAW is`K rwj dy ivhly hoey bhuq swry POjI
iehnW bgwvqI tolIAW sMg rL gey[ iProzpur Aqy ipSwvr dIAW
CwauxI iv`c ispwhIAW ny bgwvq krky v`fI mwqrw ivc Aslw qy golw
brUd lu`t ley Aqy Anyk AMgryjW dy kql kr id`qy[ keI CwauxIAW
ivc AMgryjW ny clwkI vrq ky ispwhIAW nMU byhiQAwr krnw SurU kr
id`qw[
lwhOr dy sWeIN mIAW mIr ielwky ivc qwienwq 500 ispwhIAW
nMU AMgryjW ny clwkI vrq ky byhiQAwr kr id`qw[ ispwhI 30 julweI
dI rwq nMU CwauxI 'coN inkL qury[ iehnW dw mksd id`lI phuMc ky
bwgIAW nwL imL ky AMgryjI rwj dy Kwqmy leI Xqn krnw sI[
ispwhIAW koL nw qW Kwx-pIx dw smwn sI qy nw hiQAwr sn[jn:
inkolsn ny AMimRqsr dy ifptI kimSnr imstr kUpr nMU ieqlwh dy
id`qI[ imstr kUpr ny Ajnwlw dy qihsIldr pRym nwQ nMU bwgIAW dw
ip`Cw krn dw hukm id`qw[pRym nwQ bhuq swrI puils Aqy POj nwL
bwgIAW dI qlwS ivc ju`t igAw[
Agly idn inh`Qy bwgI ispwhIAW dw JuMf rwvI dirAw dy kMFy
Awx pRgt hoieAw[ispwhIAW dw mksd bIV ivc idny Arwm krky
rwq nMU Agly pVwA leI rvwnW hoxw sI[pRym nwQ ny 150 dy lgBg
ispwhI igRPqwr kr ley jo in`hQy hox kwrn iv`ru`D nw kr sky[fI.sI.
kUpr vI iek AMgryjpRsq AwgU joD isMG nwL iehnW ispwhIAW nMU
l`Bdw rwvI dy kMFy Awx inkilAw[ Bu`K Aqy QkyNvyN nwL cUr bwgI
ispwhIAW ny AwpxIAW jwnW bcwaux leI rwvI ivc CwLW mwr
id`qIAW[ pr pwxI dy qyj vhwA kwrn 180 bwgI ruV gey qy jwnW

49
gvw bYTy 100 qoN v`D dirAw pwr krdy smyN AMgryjW dIAW goLIAW dw
inSwnw bxy[ bcy-Kucy bwgIAW nMU AjnwLw qihsIl AMdr bxI jyl
ivc bMd kr id`qw igAw[ ieh jyl A`j vI ausy hwlq ivc kiem hY
Aqy nYSnl AwrkweIvz dI spurdgI ADIn hY[mYN auh koTVI vI vyKI
ij`Qy ispwhIAW nMU bMd kIqw igAw sI[ koTVI bhuq CotI hY[ bhuq swry
ispwhI swh Gutx nwL mr gey[ bwkIAW nMU golIAW nwL aufw id`qw
igAw[ ijMdw sihk rhy ispwhIAW nMU KUh ivc su`t ky KUh pUr id`qw
igAw[
KUh Ajy vI pUirAw hoieAw hY qy ShId Ajy vI ausy qrHW dPn
hn[ hux au~Qy gurduAwrw hY[ies jgHw nMU kOmI Xwdgwr vjHoN GoiSq
kIqw igAw[ AMimRqsr dy vsnIk ivdvwn fw. ShrXwr hurW ies
Gtnw dw nwtk ‘ Qrf blYk hol’ ivc nwtkI rupWqrx kIqw hY[

50
 pRwcIn ieiqhwisk Sihr p`tI
mwJy dy pRwcIn ieiqhwisk Sihr p`tI jwx dI llk bVI dyr
qoN mn ivc sI[ myry ipMfoN 200 iklomItr jwx-Awaux dw bxnw
sI[pUrI idhwVI cwhIdI sI[ AYqvwr dI sMgrWd sI mYN soicAw swry
ikqy nw ikqy jw rhy hn AwpW p`tI jw AauNdy hW[ mYN iqAwr ho ky
cogwvyN Aw igAw[ kYmry dw kMm mobwiel qoN lY leIdw sI[pr ies vwr
mobwiel Pon Krwb sI[ kYmry dw pRbMD krnw pYxw sI[[
p`tI Sihr mwJy dw AmIr Aqy SwnoSOkq vwLw Sihr mMinAw
jWdw sI[ikauNik ie`QoN nO l`K rupey mwmlw lwhOr jwdW sI[eynw mwmlw
iksy hor qihsIl ‘coN nhI sI jWdw[ieh ies ielwky dI KuShwlI dw
pRqIk sI[
p`tI kdI rwjy dunI cMd dI rwjDwnI sI[ ausny AwpxIAW
DIAW koLoN pu`iCAw qusIN iksdw id`qw KWdIAW jy bwkIAW ny au~qr id`qw
ik ipqw jI quhwfw id`qw KWdIAW hW pr bIbI rjnI kihx l`gI mYN
pRmwqmw dw id`qw KWdI hW[ rwjy ny gùsy ivc bIbI rjnI nMU ipMgly(srIrk
qOr ‘qy burI qrHW Apwhj) dy lV lw id`qw[ bwAd ivc auh ipMglw
hirmMdr sihb srovr jo aus vyLy Cotw ijhw qlwA sI ‘coN nhw ky
qMdrusq ivAkqI bx igAw[guru Amrdws jI dy vyLy qlwb dI mihmw
pRgt hoeI[
rwjy dunI cMd qoN bwAd auQl-puQl vwLI siQqI pYdw hoeI
Aqy Sihr muglW dy kbzy hyT clw igAw[ ieh Sihr dI AmIrI hI
sI ik muglW ny ie`s Sihr nMU gVH bxw ilAw[ Aqy ie`QoN dy hkUmqI
pRbMD v`l ivSyS iDAwn id`qw[ pMjwb dy pRwcIn SihrW dI bxqr Kws
FMg nwL bxweI jWdI sI[ ijs ivc AmIr qbkw Sihr dy ivckwrly
ih`sy ivc invws krdw sI[ ieh ih`sw QoVHw au~cw huMdw[ Aqy AmIrW
dy ies ih`sy ivc jwx leI bhuq BIVIAW gLIAW ‘coN gujr ky jwxw
pYNdw[ glIAW dy dovyN pwsy mjbUq dIvwrW vwLy mkwn Aqy au~cy cubwry
huMdy[ qW jo h`lw hox jW lSkr pYx dI sUrq ivc hmlwvrW ‘qy dovyN

51
pwisAW qoN hmlw kIqw jw sky Aqy AmIrW dy GrW q`k phuMcx qoN
pihlW hI hmlwvr ip`Cy muV jwx[ p`tI Sihr dy vI keI drvwzy sn[
AijhIAW hwlqW ivc drvwzy bMd kr id`qy jWdy[ p`tI qihsIl dy
hwkm dI ijMmyvwrI huuMdI Sihr dI rwKI dI[
p`tI dy aus vyLy dy hwkm imrjw byg dy Gr q`k jwx leI vI
iehnW BIVIAW glIAW ‘coN gujrnw pYNdw hY[ mjbUq cwrdIvwrI qy
cubwry sn[ pihrw vI sKqI nwL id`qw jWdw[ imrjw byg dy Gr nMU
inSwnw bxwauxw hmlwvr leI sOKw nhI sI[ pr pMjwb dI im`tI ‘coN
52
pYdw hoey sUrimAW dI ^slq hI AijhI hY ik ijhnMU koeI cYlYNj nhI
krdw auhdy gwty nMU vI jw h`Q pwauNdy hn[ bwbw ibDI cMd CInw nMU vI
guru dw QwpVw sI[ auhny imrjw byg dI ikly vrgI hvylI ‘coN muglW
duAwrw is`K sMgqW qoN Kohy duSwly vwps moV ilAWdy[
iek vwr kwbloN is`K sMgq guru hrgoibMd sihb dy drSnw nMU
AweI sMgqW ny guru sihb nMU auphwr dyx leI do GoVy idlbwg Aqy

53
gulbwg ilAWdy[pr lwhOr dyu mugl hwkmW ny is`KW koLoN GoVy Koh ley[
jdoN guru jI nMU pqw l`gw qW auhnw sMgqW nMU ikhw ik jy GoVy swfy hoxgy
qW muV Awauxgy[ bwbw ibDI cMd jI ny GoVy moVn dI ifaUtI Awpxy isr
lY leI[ bwbw jI GwhI bx ky lwhOr dy SwhI ikly ivc gey[ swrw
zwiejw lY ky bwbw ibDI cMd ny rwq nMU GoVy ikly ‘coN iKskw rwvI dirAw
rwhIN vwips AMimRqsr lY AWdy[ iesy qrHW jdoN is`K sMgq guru drbwr
leI duSwly lY ky Aw rhI sI qW bwrS hox kwrn duSwly ig`ly ho gey[
p`tI dy bdwmI bwg ivc sMgqW ny duSwly su`kxy pw id`qy[ p`tI dy mugl
hwkm imrjw byg ny duSwly sMgqW qoN Koh ley[ iek duSwlw sMgqW ny
bcw ilAw qy BweI kI frolI jw guru jI nMU Byt kr id`qw[ swrI g`l
jwx lYx qoN bwAd guru jI ny bwbw ibDI cMd dI ifaUtI lweI [ bwbw
jI kSmIrIAW vwLw rUp Dwr ky duSwilAW dy vpwrI bx p`tI Aw gey[
imrjw byg ny bwbw ibDI cMd nMU au~pr s`d ilAw[ qy duSwilAW dI
kImq qYA krn l`gw[ sMgqW v`loN lukwA ky guru jI leI iljwieAw
ie`k duSwlw bwbw ibDI cMd jI koL sI[ imrjw byg kihx l`gw ik ieho
ijhw duSwlw qW aus koL vI hY bwbw jI kihx l`gy mYnMU ilAw ky idKwau[
imrjw byg ny nOkrwxI nMU Avwj id`qI ik PlwxI-PlwxI QW ‘qy duSwly
r`Ky hn[ bygmw koLoN lY Aw[
bwbw ibDI cMd ny swrw Byq lY ilAw[ Aqy Agly idn jdoN
mugL bwg ivc bYTy qwS Kyf rhy sn qW bwbw jI burkw pw ky Bys bdl
ky imrjy byg dI hvylI ‘c jw dwi^l hoey[ hvylI ivc cubwrw sI ijs
‘qy cVH ky A`gy pOVIAW au~qr ky iek Bory ivc jwxw pYNdw sI TMfy Bory
ivc bygmW bYTIAW hoeIAW sn[bwbw ibDI cMd ny burkw cu`ikAW ‘qy
Acwink qlvwr k`F leI[ qy bygmw nMU hukm id`qw ik CyqI duSwly PVw
idau nhI qW DOxw lwh idAWgw[ bygmw ny Gbrw ky duSwly ibDI cMd
dy hvwly kr id`qy[ ibDI cMd duSwly lY ky bwhr Aw igAw[auprokq
Borw Ajy vI ausy rUp ivc mOjUd hY[ pr cubwrw hux Fih cu`kw hY qy
ausdI jgHw gurduAwrw bx igAw hY[ pr Bory nMU ausy rUp ivc vyiKAw
jw skdw hY[ jdoN muglW nMU pqw l`gw qW auhnw ny Sihr dy drvwjy bMd
krvw id`qy Aqy Gr-Gr dI qlwSI hox l`gI[ imrjw byg dy Gr qoN
QoVI dUr iek B`TI vwLy ny bwbw ibDI cMd nMU Awsrw id`qw[d`sdy hn
ik B`TI ivc luky bwbw ibDI cMd nMU syk nw l`gy ies leI BweI kI frOlI
bYiTAW gurU hrgoibMd sihb jI ny is`KW qoN Awpxy ipMfy ‘qy pwxI dIAW
gVvIAW pvwauxIAW SurU kr id`qIAW[ rwq nMU ibDI cMd jI llkwrw

54
mwr ky inkL gey[ Aqy duSwly guru jI dy hvwly kr id`qy[ ijs QW ‘qy
bwbw jI B`TI ‘c luky au~qy gurduAwrw B`T sihb mOjUd hY qy auh B`TI
vI hY[ gurU jI ny KuS ho ky ikhw ibDI cMd CInw gurU kw sInw[
imrjw byg ny jldI hI SihroN bwhr koTI bxw leI[ ijsnMU
A`j vI imrjy dI koTI kihMdy hn[ kw&I k`cw Aqy AOKw rsqw qYA
krky imrjy dI koTI q`k jwieAw jw skdw hY ij`Qy Ajkl duAwby qoN
AwieAw ikswn pirvwr rih irhw hY[isr& inSwnIAW hI bcIAW
hn[ iek kmrw qy ausdI C`q aus vyLy dI hY[ imrjy ny sur`iKAw dy
nzrIey qoN ieh koTI aus QW rohI ivc bxweI ij~Qy iek pwsy sqluj
dI iek au~p ndI vgdI sI[ijsdIAW spSt inSwnIAW Ajy bwkI
hn[ Aqy dUjy pwsy dirAw rUpI pxgoty vwLI nihr sI[ies nihr ‘qy
Cotw ijhw puL imrjy dI koTI q`k ie`ko-ie`k rsqw sI[iesnMU imrjy dw
pu`L kihMdy hn[ iek KUh vI bicAw hY jo koTI dI cwridvwrI Fih jwx
kwrn hux KyqW ivc hY[ ijsdI rwKI krnI Awswn sI[ vIh Pu`t fUMGI
Aqy pMjwh Pu`t qoN v`D cOVI ies nihr ivc hux isrP brswqW ‘c hI
pwxI AwauNdw hY[ pr ieh lgBg su`k cu`kI hY[
ivSwl ikly dy KMfr vI p`tI Sihr ‘c mOjUd hn ijs bwry
ikhw jWdw hY ik rwjy dunI cMd ny bxvwieAw sI[ jo bwAd ivc muglW
Aqy iPr is`KW dy kbjy ivc Aw igAw[ kuJ smw byprqIq rihx mgroN
hux purwiqqv ivBwg nMU surq AweI hY ikly dI sMBwl krn dI[
Potogrw&r aujwV ijhy ikly ivc au~gw Gwh vyK ky AMdr jwxo iJjk
irhw sI[ pr mYN AMdr igAw qy qs`lI nwL F`Ty ikly dI Potogrw&I
kIqI[ ikly dIAW bwrIAW qy ie`k-ie`k kMD ‘qy bxqr nMU nIJ lw ky
inhwirAw[ swfy dyS ivc pqw nhI ikMnIAW kImqI ieiqhwisk
inSwnIAW AxdyKI dw iSkwr ho ruL-KuL geIAW hn[ iklw lgBg
Fih igAw qW hux ie`Qy srkwrW vI gyVw mwrn l`g peIAW sWB-sMBwl
krn leI[

55
 ieiqhwisk Swndwr iemwrq vwLw ipMf-r`qV
C`qV

fyrw bwbw nwnk qoN vwps prqidAW kuJ dUrI qoN swnMU ie`k
mInwr idKweI id`qw[ ijauN-ijauN mInwr qy swfy ivckwr dUrI G`t rhI
sI iqauN iqauN mInwr dw Akwr v`Ddw jw irhw sI qy nwL hI v`D rhI
sI swfI auqsukqw[ mInwr dI bwhrI id`K dUroN iksy msijd dy au~fy hoey
rMgW vwLI purwxI iemwrq vrgI lgdI sI[ AsIN iksy rwhgIr qoN
mInwr bwry jwnxw cwihAw[ pr auh ie`s guMbd bwry iblkul Axjwx
sI pr ausny swnMU ipMf r`qV C`qV nMU jWdI sVk bwry d`isAw[
AsIN mlomlI ipMf r`qV C`qV nMU muV gey[ swfy swhmxy sI
pwxI dI tYNkI Aqy au`cI iemwrq dw guMbd jo pwxI dI tYNkI qoN vI keI
Pu`t au~cw id`s irhw sI[ mInwr qoN pihlW glI ivc iek Gr dy mUhry
14 ku swl dw ie`k lVkw ijvyN swfI aufIk kr irhw sI[ AsIN aus
mInwr bwry pu`iCAw qW ausny d`isAw ik iehrojw pIrW dI drgwh hY
ie`s qoN v`D auh kuJ nhI sI jwxdw[AsIN drgwh bwry hor qIbrqw
nwL jwnx leI aus nMU drgwh v`l lY gey[ drgwh ie`k lgBg 150
Pu`t au`cw mInwr hY[ ijsdy drvwjy qy au~pr bxy cbUqry qy fUmxy l`gy
hoey sn[ijnHW qoN frky AsIN kwhLI nwL AMdr vVn dI kIqI[AMdr
vVidAW hI AsIN ckwcOND rih gey[iemwrq dI C`q au~pr hoeI nkwSI
hYrwn kr dyx vwLI Awlw kwrwgrI dw nmUnw hY[ AsIN Bwvukqw v`s
aus b`cy qy ausdI smr`Qw qoN v`D keI svwl dwg id`qy auh ivcwrw
kihx l`gw ," mYN bwpU mnsw isMG nMU bulw ky ilAwauNdw hW auh hI swrw
kuJ d`s skdy hn"[ bwpU mnsw isMG n`by swl dy bjurg hn[pr Ajy
vI nOjvwnw vwLI ishq qy PurqI r`Kdy hn[ jdoN AsIN jwxkwrI dyx
dI bynqI kIqI qW auh nOjvwnw vWg PurqI nwL swfy A`gy mInwr dIAW
pOVIAW cV gey[ iemwrq dIAW AMdroN do C`qW hn[ ijs bwry spSt
AMdwjw l`gdw hY ik iesdw jwho-jlwl kdI kihMdIAW-khwauNdIAW
iemwrqW nMU mwq pwauNdw hoeygw[ iemwrq dI C`q 'qy hoeI n`kwSI dyKIey
qW iesdI audwhrx l`BxI muSkl hY[ sYNkVy swl pihlW n`kwSy rMg

56
A`j vI jwdUmeI pRBwv isrj rhy hn[ ic`q krdw hY ik bs vyKdy hI
rih jweIey[ iesdy s`jy h`Q Borw bixAw hY ijsnMU q`k ky AMdwzw lgw
skdy hW ik ie`Qy pIr iebwdq krdy rih hoxgy[ ip`Cy bxI KUhI 'qy bxI
tu`tI pwxI dI tYNkI Aqy iek nu`kry msijd dy kuJ KMfr bcy hoey hn[
AsIN PotoAW auqwrn dy Awhr ivc sW ik bwpU mnsw isMG ny
d`isAw ik 1947 dI vMf vyLy kuJ ihMdU-is`K pirvwr lielpur qoN au~jV
ky Awey qW mukMml musilm AbwdI vwLw ipMf r`qV-C`qV suMnswn ipAw
sI[ swry musilm pirvwr ipMf C`f ky pwiksqwn jw cu`ky sn[bwpU
mnsw isMG hurW KwlI pey mkwnw ivc fyry lw ley jo bwAd ivc kuJ
kwnMUnI kwrvweI krky srkwr ny Alwt kr id`qy[
kuJ dUrI qy ip`pL dy ru`K hyT bxI kbr pIr r`qV-C`qV dI
hY[ipMf v`sx qoN pihlW iek pIr r`qV C`qV sUhy rMg dI CqrI dI CW
hyT BgqI kirAw krdw sI[ ijs qoN ies ipMf dw nwm r`qV C`qV pY
igAw[ r`qVw Sbd dy ArQ rUhwnI qOr 'qy Kudw dy rMgW ivc rMgy jwxw
jW Kudw dI iebwdq ivc lIn ho jwxw hY,r`q mqlb lhU [ ho skdw
hY ik ies ipMf dw nwm r`qV C`qV ies krky vI ipAw hovy ik ie`Qy
ieslwm Aqy rUhwnIAq dw pRcwr huMdw hovy qy lok sUhy rMg dI C`qrI
hyT bih ky Awpxy-Awp nMU Kudw dI bMdgI dy rMg ivc rMgy mihsUs krdy
hox[
au~cy mInwr ijsnMU pIr rozw vI pukwrdy hn[iksy pwiksqwn
gey bMdy nMU ie`sy ipMf dw purwxw vsnIk imiLAw[ aus ny iehnW
iemwrqW bwry cwnxw pwieAw[aus purwxy vsnIl dy d`sx Anuswr
iemwm AlI Swh dI kbr qoN ielwvw iqMn kbrW hor vI hn[ jo pIr
Swh husYn (sU&I kvI nhIN) qy auhnW dy cyilAW dIAW hn[ipCvwVy
pIr dwnIAw dI jgHw ij`Qy sUhy rMg dI ivSwl CqrI qxI rihMdI sI[
ipMf rwvI dirAw qoN kuJ dUrI 'qy hY[pwiksqwn dI srh`d vI ijAwdw
dUr nhI[ 1965 dI jMg vyLy kuJ goLy iemwrq dI C`q kMD ivc Aw v`jy
pr kmwl dI g`l hY ik auh kuJ nw ivgwV sky[sgoN ieMny swry goiLAW
'coN ie`k vI nw c`l sikAw[ BwrqI imltrI dy APsr iemwrq qoN
pwiksqwnI ielwky dI ingrwnI kr rhy sn[
iemwm AlI Swh dw mkbrw 1286 sMmq ihjrI ivc auswirAw
igAw[ drvwjy dy au~pr PwrsI ivc drj hY " iemwm AlI Swh SyK
A`lw iemwm AwlmAwlmIn vwirs"[ ie`Qy 24-25 jyT nMU ivSwl mylw
l`gdw hY[ ip`Cy ijhy pwikswqn qoN Awey sweIN mIAW mIr dy vwirs

57
sweIN cMn pIr kwdrI v`loN ie`s ipMf dw dOrw kIqw igAw[cMn pIr
kwdrI ny iemwm AlI Swh dy mkbry dI izAwrq kIqI[purwq`qv
ivBwg qy tUirst ivBwg nMU imLky ie`s AzIm iemwrq nMU bcwaux dy
Xqn krny cwhIdy hn[
pIr iemwm AlI bwry pRiclq hY ik auh bhuq krnI vwly

58
PkIr sn[ Awp ny rUhwnI swDnw rwhIN Kqrnwk gYbI SkqIAW qoN
lokW dI rwKI kIqI[
ie`k hor mjydwr g`l hY ik 1971 dI jMg ivc bxwieAw morcw
jo iemwrq dy AMdrly pwsy ie`k ipkt vWg bixAw hoieAw hY Ajy vI
ausy hwlq ivc mOjUd hY[ AMimRqsr Awaux vwLy tUirstW nMU fyrw bwbw
nwnk ivc vyKxXog kwPI kuJ imLdw hY[
bwbw nwnk ij`Qy bYT ik kIrqn kirAw krdy sn auh KUh
hY[ bgdwd dy pIr v`loN gurU nwnk dyv jI nMU Byt kIqw coLw sihb vI
ausy hwlq ivc hY[ bIbI nwnkI duAwrw h`Q nwL k`Fy rumwly vI mOjUd
hn[ Aqy srh`d qoN dUrbIn rwhIN pwiksqwn siQ`q gurduAwrw krqwrpur
sihb dy drSn vI krwey jWdy hn[ fyrw bwbw nwnk qoN rmdws v`l
AwauNidAW hI ipMf r`qV C`qV mOjUd hY[ pwiksqwn srkwr BwrqIAW
nMU gurduAwrw krqwrpur sihb q`k lWGw dyx leI iqAwr ho geI sI
pr Bwrq srkwr ivtr geI[ pRBwvI is`K lIfriS`p dI jy nIq hovy
qW Bwrq srkwr nMU krqwrpur sihb q`k lWGy dI qjvIj leI
mnwauxw koeI muSkl nhI pr lokW dy sWJy msly hux is`K lIfriS`p
dy eyjMfy 'qy nhI rhy[BwvyN kuJ ivAkqIgq qOr 'qy Xqn ho rhy hn pr
ieh srkwrW nMU psIjx leI nwkwPI hn[gurU jI nMU jo coLw bgdwd
dy pIr v`loN Byt kIqw igAw, ies piv`qr coLw sihb 'qy ArbI-PwrsI
ivc kuJ lyK Cpy hn[ieh coLw sihb pihlI qoN pMjvIN pwqSwhI q`k
kRmvwr pRwpq huMdw irhw[1588 eI: ivc ieh coLw sihb BweI
qoqwrwm AroVbMsI nMU hirmMdr sihb dI syvw smyN pRwpq hoieAw[ BweI
qoqwrwm ies nMU Awpxy Sihr AsPhwn (APgwinsqwn) lY gey[ gurU
nwnk dyv jI dI 9vIN pIVHI 'coN BweI kwblI m`l jI ies coLw sihb
nMU vwps krqwrpur lY Awey [ audoN qoN ieh coLw sihb krqwrpur hux
fyrw bwbw nwnk ivc hY[

59
 ieiqhwisk ksbw Piqhwbwd
Piqhwbwd ieh ipMf lwhOr-id`lI-Awgrw Swhrwh 'qy hY Aqy
qrnqwrn-goieMdvwL sVk 'qy qrnqwrn qoN lgBg 20 ik:mI:
siQq sqluj qoN krIb fyF iklomItr htvW hY[ ipMf dw mu`F b`Jx bwry
koeI puKqw jwxkwrI nhI imLdI[ ikhw jWdw hY ik guru nwnk dyv jI
AwpxI audwsI smyN ie`Qy ibrwjy sn[auhnW dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw
sihb vI mOjUd hY[ies ilhwj nwL ipMf kwPI purwxw hY[kuJ hvwilAW
Anuswr bwdSwh jhWgIr ny ies sQwn 'qy Awpxy Sihzwdy Kusro nMU
hrwieAw qy iesy Piqh dI Xwd qwjw r`Kx leI ie`Qy ngr vswieAw
'Pqihwbwd'[ SyrSwh sUrI Aqy hmwXUM ivcwly PYslwkun jMg vI ies
jgHw 'qy hoeI Aqy SyrSwh sUrI ny ie`Qy iklw bxvwieAw[kuJ bjurg
d`sdy hn ik SyrSwh sUrI dy do vPwdwr jrnYlW Pqih Aqy Kvws ny
do ipMf vswey Piqhwbwd Aqy Kvwspur[
SyrSwh sUrI ny hr koh dy Pwsly 'qy lwhOr qoN id`lI q``k syD
ivc burj bxwey[iehnW dy keI mksd sn[POjW Aqy kwPilAW nMU
rwh dI jwxkwrI dyxw,sMdyS jldI phuMcwauxw[ p`Cm v`loN Awaux vwLy
hmlwvrW dw sdw fr rihMdw sI[ jdoN Acwink h`lw ho jWdw qW lwhOr
koL burj 'qy KVo iek ivAkqI Fol vjwauxw SurU kr idMdw[ausdI
Avwj sux ky Agly burj 'qy KVw ivAkqI Fol vjwauNdw hmly dI
sUcnw kuJ smyN ivc hI id`lI drbwr phuMc jWdI[jy fwk phuMcwauxI
huuMdI qW iek burj kol KVw ispwhI qyjI nwL GoVw duVw ky Agly burj
koL KVy ivAkqI nMU imsl phuMcw idMdw Aglw Awpxy qoN Agly burj
kol KVy ivAkqI v`l ausy qyjI nwL GoVw duVw lYNdw[ iesy qrHW fwk
kuJ smyN ivc id`lI qoN lwhOr Aqy lwhOr qoN id`lI pwhuMc jWdI[ SyrSwh
sUrI ny aus vyly AwpxI shUlq leI 'spIf post' vrgI syvw SurU kr
leI sI[
ieh burj lwhOr qoN id`lI q`k Ajy vI KyqW ivc KVy imLdy hn[
hr koh dy Pwsly 'qy KVy ieh burj Axjwx rwhIAW nMU hYrwn krdy
hn Aijhw burj Piqhwbwd koL vI hY[
60
 ipMf ivcoN suxIAW im`QW dy ADwr 'qy pqw l`gw ik pihlW ies
ipMf dw nwm bjwjw Sihr sI [ jdoN SyrSwh sUrI ny hmwXUM nMU hrwieAw
qW ies ipMf dw nwm 'Piqhwbwd'r`K id`qw[ausny ie`Qy iklw vI bxvwieAw
ijsdy hux KMfr hI imLdy hn[ pr ikly dy ivSwl drvwjy Ajy vI ausy
SwnoSOkq nwL KVy hn[iehnW v`fAwkwrI drvwijAW dI bxqr vyK
ky AMdwjw lgwieAw jw skdw hY ik ies ikly nMU sr krnw sOKw nhI
sI[
hrnwm dws sihrweI AwpxI ikqwb ivc ilKdw hY ik jdoN
1713 ib: sM: nMU j`sw isMG AwhlUvwLIAw ny Piqhwbwd 'qy hmlw kIqw
qW muglW ny SwhI POj dI aufIk ivc ikly dy drvwjy bMd kr ley[ do
isMG nyiVauN qrKwx koLoN pOVI bxvw ky jwn 'qy Kyf ky ikly dy AMdr
gey qy iksy qrHW ikly dw drvwjw KolHx ivc kwmXwb ho gey[ qy
Piqhwbwd muglW koLoN isMGW dy ADIn ho igAw[ SyrSwh sUrI ny ivSwl
qlwb vI bxwey jo Ajy vI mOjUd hn[ ieMnHy v`fy qlwb POj dIAW jrUrqW
leI hI bxwey gey sn[
BweI kwhn isMG nwBw dy mhwnkoS Anuswr qrnqwrn vswaux
leI gurU Arjn dyv jI ny zmIn KrIdI qW snd Piqhwbwd
hoeI[Abdul vjId KW audoN ie`QoN dw hwkm sI ausny ies bYnwmy 'qy
mohr lweI[iek l`K sqvMjw hjwr rupey ivc ieh sOdw hoieAw[guru
jI audoN bwbw bu`Fw jI Aqy BweI gurdws jI nwL iqMn idn ie`Qy rhy[
ie`Qy muglW qihsIl Aqy jyl vI bxweI hoeI sI[ AMgryzW vyLy
vI ie`Qy rOxk rihMdI sI[ mwmlw nw dyx vwLy dw ie`Qy mwl-fMgr ie`Qy
ilAw ky kYd kr ilAw jWdw sI[ hux ieh qihsIl Fih cu`kI hY[
j`sw isMG ny 1773 eI: ivc AdInwbyg qoN Piqhwbwd ij`iqAw
Aqy 1777 eI: ivc rwey iebrwhIm qoN kpUrQlw[ Aqy dovyN Sihr
AwhlUvwlIAw dI rwjDwnI rhy[ j`sw isMG AwhlUvwLIAw ij`qW qoN K&w
kvI vwirs Swh ny hyT ilKIAW sqrW ivc isMGW 'qy gu`sw k`iFAw:
Aihmd Swh vWg myry vYr pY ky,
p`t p`t ky c`k dw qwl kIqo,
cVI Swd bwhlIAW KyiVAW nMU,
brqrPIAW 'qy mhINvwl kIqo,
Piqhwbwd cwie id`qI KyiVAW nMU
BwA rWJxy dy vYrovwl kIqo[
Aihmd Swh AbdwlI ny muglW nMU dbwaux leI kuJ smW is`KW

61
nwL Xu`DbMdI kr leI sI qy kuJ ielwky ‘qy is`KW dw AiDkwr mMn
ilAw[ pr mugl SkqI nMU Jukwaux qoN bwAd ieh sMDI qoV id`qI Aqy
is`KW nMU dbwaux dIAW koiSSW krn l`gw[ vwirs Swh kuJ ielwky
muglW koLoN inkl ky is`KW dy kbjy hyT Awaux qoN duKI hoieAw[
sR: j`sw isMG AwhlUvwLIAW dw nyiVauN irSqydwr mohx isMG ,
rwie iebrwhIm qoN KYrwj lYx igAw mwirAw igAw[
ipMf ivc sUPI PkIr dwqw krm Swh dI mzwr hY[ jdoN guru
Arjn dyv jI nMU lwhOr kYd kr ilAw igAw qW auhnW 'qy muk`dmw

62
63
clwieAw igAw[ pUry mwJy dy sUPI PkIrW nMU hukm kIqy gey ik guru
Arjn dyv jI ivru`D gvwhIAW Bugqwau ik guru jI ieslwm ivroDI
kwrvweIAW krdy hn[ qW ik guru jI nMU ShId kIqw jw sky[ bwkI
PkIrW ny qW gvwhIAW drj krw id`qIAW pr dwqw krm Swh ny JUTI
gvwhI dyx qoN ienkwr kr id`qw[ipMf dy iek bjurg dy d`sx Anuswr
hwkmW ny guru jI qoN pihlW dwqw krm Swh nMU ShId kr id`qw[ ipMf
dy pqvMiqAW nMU jdoN pqw l`gw qW auh ie`kTy ho ky lwhOr gey qy dwqw
krm Swh dI dyh nMU Piqhwbwd ilAw ik AMiqm rsmW pUrIAW kIqIAW[
j`sw isMG AwhlUvwLIAw ny jdoN Piqhwbwd nMU rwjDwnI bxwieAw
qW ie`QoN is`kw jwrI kIqw, ijs 'qy drj sI:
is`kw zd dr jhWb-PzIl Akwl
qKiq Aihmd igRPq j`sw klwl
Aihmd Swh AbdwlI dy h`ilAW vyLy j`sw isMG ny goieMdvwl
dy p`qx nyVy hmlw krky AbdwlI dI kYd 'coN sYNkVy ihMdU lVkIAW
Ajwd krvweIAW[ipMf ivc pRwcIn iSv mMidr hY pujwrI dy d`sx
Anuswr ieh sYNkVy swl purwxw hY[
mMidr ‘coN imLI isl ijsqy kuJ AMikq hY pr bVI muSkl nwL
piVAw jw irhw sI, pr ies isl qoN ieh spSt hY pqw l`g irhw sI
ik mMidr dI sQwpnw 1300 ib: sM: ‘c hoeI sI jW eynw ku piVAw
jWdw sI ‘loknwQ jI ny jIrnoDwr kIAw’[ pMifq sIqw rwm jI ie`Qy
syvw kr rhy hn[
Piqhwbwd dI mh`qqw ies krky vI hY ik ieh auh ngr hY
jo kdI nw kdI mwJy AMdr rwjDwnIAW dw drjw r`Kdy sn[
ngr ivc AwrIAw smwj dw mMdr sI ij`Qy hux puils cOkI hY[
vrnxXog q`Q hY ik AwrIAW smwj lihr SurU hox bwAd Piqhwbwd
snwqnI Aqy AwrIAw smwjIAW dohW dw gVH irhw hY[ ijsdw Asr
hux q`k vI hY[

64
 fyrw bwbw nwnk
ieh qn myrw icSmw hovy, mYN murSd vyK nw r`jW hU[
lMU lMU dy mu`F l`K l`K icSmw, iek KoHlW ie`k k`jW hU[
AsIN fyrw bwbw nwnk dy hor gurduAwirAW dy drSnW nMU ho qury
,vyKxXog qy bVw kuJ sI pr mYnMU glIAW 'coN qury jWidAW nwnkSwhI
ie`tW dy mkwn qy cubwry fwhFy poh rhy sn[ mugl kwl vyLy kuJ srdy-
pujdy jW m`DvrgI GrW dI bxqr ikho ijhI hovygI ie`s g`l dI
knsoA lYxI hovy qW fyrw bwbw nwnk dIAW glIAW 'c GuMmo[ kuJ KMfr
bx cu`ky qy bx rhy iehnW mkwnW 'c kihrW dI kiSS hY [ 21vIN sdI
dy qy bIqIAW sdIAW dy GrW dI nwL-nwL numwieS sI[ bwkI qW
gurduAwry vyK ky AS-AS kr rhy sn pr mYN iehnW KMfr numw
cubwirAW qy glIAW dw dIvwnw ho igAw sW[ kI pqw kdoN iks SYA
ny pwgl kvI dI aUfwrU klpnw 'c v`s jwxw hY[mYN soicAw ik hux qW
sB dy nwL b`J ky hI c`lxw pYxw hY[ CyqI hI dubwrw eyQy AwvWgw qy
rIJ nwL bwby nwnk dIAW gLIAW 'c iPrWgw qy KMfr cubwirAW nMU
nIJ nwL inhwrWgw[
fyrw bwbw nwnk dIAW glIAW 'c muV jwx dI myrI llk Ajy
vI brkrwr sI[ pr hux mYnMU auhnW gLIAW qy qy cubwirAW dI klpnw
audws kr dyx vwLI l`gdI sI[ ijMnHW KMfrW nMU vyK ky kdI P`gx-cyq
iv`c A`k PMbVIAW bx aufdy qy lihrdIAW hvwvW sMg lrzdy AihswsW
ny GyirAw sI[hux auhnW glIAW iv`c jwx dI ie`Cw krdw qW mn
krdw ik ieddm bIqIAW sdIAW v`l hnyrI bx vg qurW[ qy krdw
ik keI sdIAW ip`Cy Klo vrqmwn nMU hykW mwrW qy khW ik Swndwr
vrqmwn dy ip`Cy Swndwr AqIq vI huMdw hY[
pRwcIn ieiqhws nwL sbMiDq QwvW qy GuMmx qy byh`d DuMdly
ieiqhws nMU jwnx dI myrI ie`Cw kwrn mYnMU Aksr hI aujwV qy vIrwn
QyhW qy kuJ hor ipMfW, ksibAW iv`c jwxw pYNdw hY[
iPr iek idn mYN fyrw bwbw nwnk igAw[ qy swrw idn gurU
bwby dIAW glIAW dw AwnMd mwixAw
65
 AsW auh KUh vyiKAw ij`Qy bYT ky bwbw nwnk Awpxy hor
sMgIAW nwL kIrqn kirAw krdy sn[ie`k AwdmI ny d`isAw ik
pihly-pihl KUhW qy hr qrW dIAW mMflIAW juVdIAW sn[ij`Qy
ivcwr-vtWdry vI huMdy[ ie`sy KUh qoN is`K ivcwrDwrw ny puMGrnW SurU
kIqw[ pr KUh nMU ausy rUp iv`c sMBwLx dI bjwie kwrsyvkW ny
sMgmrmr jV id`qw[bwby nwnk dw coALw sihb qy bIbI nwnkI dy
rumwly SISy 'c jVy sur`iKAq pey hn[ coLw gurU bwby nMU bgdwd dy ie`k
pIr Kwnw kwbw ny Byt kIqw[
kuJ duSwly vI hn jo hrI isMG nlUAw ny koeI muihMm Piqh
krky cVHwey sn[ nyVy hI ie`k gurduAwrw sihb iv`c auh KUhI vI mOjUd
hY jo bwbw sRI cMd dy kihx qy iksy bwdSwh ny lvweI sI[srh`d qoN
dUrbIn rwhIN pwiksqwn siQ`q gurduAwrw krqwrpur sihb dy vI
drSn krvwey jWdy hn[ ijAwdwqr GrW iv`c gurU nwnk dyv jI dI
pMdrvIN-sohlvIN pIVI dy vwirs rih rhy hn[
ies jgHw pihlW p`Koky rMDwvw ipMf huMdw sI[ gurU jI pMjvIN
Aqy AwKrI audwsI krky dsMbr 1515 eI: ivc p`Koky Awey[ieQy
mhwqmw sRI cMd jI dy nwnw sRI mUlrwj jI ptvwrI sn[ CyqI hI gurU
jI ny mwqw sl`KxI Aqy Awpxy dohW pu`qrW nMU Awwpxy koL bulw ilAw[
klwnOr dy hwkm dunI cMd kroVIey ny 100 eykV jmIn gurU jI nMU dwn
kIqI qy gurU jI ny ie`Qy lgBg 17 swl KyqIbwVI kIqI[
gurU jI h`QIN ikrq krky Awpxw Aqy pirvwr dw gujwrw
krdy au~Qy Dur kI bwxI dw ielwhI kIrqn c`ldw rihMdw[ Swm Fly gurU
jI Aij`qy rMDwvy dy KUh qy swry iek`Ty huMdy[ gurU jI swQIAW nwL
kIrqn krdy qW bhuq lok Aw juVdy[ gurU jI dI mihmw dUr-dUr q`k
PYl cu`kI sI Aqy duroN-dUroN lok Awaux l`gy[ gurU jI ny 1525 eI: ivc
krqwrpur dI nINh r`KI[ Aqy ngr dIAW rOxkW idno-idn vDx
l`gIAW[Aqy gurU jI dIAW isiKAwvW ny lihr dw rUp Dwrn kr
ilAw[
1) srh`d qoN pwiksqwn siQ`q gurduAwrw krqwrpur sihb
dy dUrbIn rwhIN drSn krvwey jWdy hn[
2) gurU nwnk dyv jI dw coLw sihb[
3) bIbI nwnkI duAwrw h`Q nwL k`Fy rumwly[
4) Aij`qy rMDwvy dw KUh[

66
 5) bwbw sRI cMd dw lvwieAw KUh Aqy hor bhuq swrIAW
ieiqhwisk inSwnIAW[
glIAW 'c GuMmidAW Ajy vI auh nwnkSwhI ie`tW dy mkwn qy
cubwry kAwmq dy ieMqjwr 'c KVy sn[mYN ruk ky if`Tw drvwjy,iKVkIAW
qy bnyirAW qy jVI l`kV qy Aiq suMdr mInwkwrI sI[ auprlI mMizl
qy bixAw ie`k kmrw Fih cu`kw sI[ijMdgI kdI ie`s KMfr 'c pMjybW
CxkwauNdI rhI hovygI[ mYN cubwirAW nMU nIJ nwL inhwirAw[ fyrw
bwbw nwnk dw is`KI ivc bhuq ieiqhwisk mh`qv hY[ ie`Qy is`KI
pnpxI SurU hoeI[

67
 dlIpgVH

is`K rwj dIAW iqrkwLW dy idn sn[ Aihlkwr iek-dUjy dy

KUn dI holI Kyf rhy sn[mhwrjw rxjIq isMG dw Kwndwn AwpsI
ivroDW, Aqy dUr-AMdySI dI Gwt vwLy hMkwry hoey srdwrW dIAW swijSW
dI Bytw cVH irhw sI[AwpsI kqlW ny is`K rwj dIAW nINhW KoKlIAW
kr id`qIAW sn[ lwhOr drbwr dy Aijhy KUnI dOr ivc kuMvr dlIp
isMG isr qwj s`ijAw[dlIp isMG dI mW mhwrwxI ijMdW nMU iek pwsy
Awpxy pu`qr dy rwjg`dI au~qy bYTx dI KuSI sI[ dUjy pwsy auhdI jwn
nMU hox vwLy sMBwvI KqirAW dw fr sI
iesy Kqry nMU BWp ky rwxI ijMd kOrW dy Brw Aqy mhwrwjw
dlIp isMG dy mwmw sR: jvwhr isMG AOLK ny lwhOr qoN qkrIbn qIh
iklomItr htvW dlIp isMG dy nwm 'qy dlIpgVH Sihr vswaux dI
Xojnw bxweI[ Aqy ie`Qy ivSwl durg vI bxwieAw[ ieh ipMf A`j
AMimRqsr ijly dy ksibAW cogwvW-lopoky dy koL hY[ ipMf aufr dy koL
v`sx qoN pihlW hI aujVy ies Sihr dIAW bs ie`kw-du`kw inSwnIAW
hI bcIAW hn[ipMf aufr dy vsnIkW dy d`sx Anuswr kuJ swl pihlW
iksy XUnIvristI qoN kuJ lok Awey jo dlIpgVH bwry Koj krn dy
mksd leI Awey sn[pr srkwrI AdwirAW dy pRojYkt isrP grWtW
hV`p krn Aqy KwnwpUrqI q`k hI sImq rihMdy hn[
jvwhr isMG jo aus vyLy is`K rwj dw pRDwn mMqrI sI, ny ies
ivSwl kot dIAW cwr nu`krW 'c cwr KUh lvwey sn[ iehnW cwr ivcoN
isrP iqMn KUh hI bcy imLdy hn[
iek KUh dy nyVy gey qW iek kmry ivc guru gRMQ sihb dw
pRkwS kIqw hoieAw sI qy AKMf pwT cl rhy sn[pihlW qW pwT kr
rhy pwTI isMG qoN ielvw koeI nzr nw AwieAw pr CyqI hI kuJ hor
ivAkqI ie`DroN-auDroN Aw gey[ ieh KUh rwxI ijMdw dy nwm nwL
jwixAw jWdw hY[
F`Ty KUh dw au~prlw kuJ ih`sw ie`tW lw ky bcwieAw igAw

68
sI[KUh dI hwlq qrsXog sI[ iek pwsy KUh dy AMdr iek is`l Ajy
vI mOjUd hY, ijs 'qy gurmuKI ivc AMikq hY:
' Akwlshwie KUh lvwieAw srdwr jvwhr isMG jI bytw
mMnw isMG jI jwq AOLK sMmq 1901' (ibkrmI)
jvwhr isMG dy lvwey KUh kuJ dhwky pihlW q`k isMcweI leI
vrqy jWdy sn[ KUh ivc Ajy vI pwxI mOjUd hY[ bwkI KUh iblkul su`k
gey hn pr ies KUh ivc au`prlI sqih q`k pwxI hoxw hYrwnIjnk
hY[ jdoN AsIN ipMf vwiLAW nwL KUh dI qrsXog hwlq bwry g`l kIqI
qW ipMf vwsIAW d`isAw ik auh KUh dI hwlq suDwrn bwry soc rhy hn,
Aqy KUh dI sPweI krky bwaulI sihb dw rUp dy dyxgy[ AsIN ipMf
vwsIAW nMU bynqI kIqI ik iesnMU iesy rUp ivc sWBx dw Xqn
kro[sMgmrmr lgw ky KUh nMU dulhn vWg sjw idaugy qW iesdI
ieiqhwisk m`hqvqw nhIN rhygI[
iek hor imLI isl ijsqy kuJ AMikq sI pr piVHAw nhI jw
irhw sI, nMU sMBwlx dI bjwie pwxI dw bor F`ikAw hoieAw sI[
pqw l`gdw hY ik ieh iklw 80 qoN 100 eykV BUmI dy
drimAwn bxwieAw igAw sI[ iesdy duAwLy kwPI cOVI dIvwr sI[
ikly dy cwr drvwjy sn[ ipMf dy iek ikswn ny d`isAw qkrIbn do
Pu`t cOVIAW cUny dIAW dIvwrW ausny pu`t ky jmIn p`DrI krky KyqW nwL
rLweI[jvwhr isMG ny AwLy-duAwLy bwg vI lvwey[
lwhOr drbwr dI KwnwjMgI dy dOrwn jvwhr isMG dy Aijhy
dUrAMdySI nwL BrBUr kMm ilKwrIAW v`loN ibAwn kIqy ausdy SrwbI-
kbwbI vwLy cirqr nwL myL nhIN KWdw[ is`K rwj dw ieiqhws ilKx
vyLy ilKwrIAW ny h`doN v`D Bwvukqw qoN kMm ilAw hY[
jvwhr isMG duArw lvwey iehnW KUhW 'qy hr KUh 'qy iek
Kwngwh mOjUd hY[ jvwhr isMG ny ielwky dIAW rOxkW 'c vwDw krn
leI hor QwvW qoN ilAw ky ijmIdwrW nMU zmInw Alwt kIqIAW, ijnHW
ny kuJ ipMf bMny Aqy bwg lvwey[[
pr ie`Qy dlIpgVH Sihr vswaux dw jvwhr isMG dw supnw
pUrw nw ho sikAw[ Ajy auswrI jwrI sI ik lwhOr drbwr qoN KwnwjMgI
kwrn hwlwq ivgVn dw sunyhw Aw igAw[ Aqy jvwhr isMG nMU vwps
jwxw ipAw[ jdoN auh hwQI 'qy jw irhw sI qW inhMg isMGW ny nyijAW
nwL ausdw kql kr id`qw[ kuJ ieiqhwskwr kihMdy hn ik qnKwhW

69
nW imLn kwrn POjI BVky hoey sn[Aqy kuJ ies kql dI vjHw
AihlkwrW dIAW in`jI duSmxIAW nMU d`sdy hn[ bhuqy ieiqhwskwr
is`K-AYNglo Xu`D dw iek kwrn ieh vI d`sdy hn ik Brw dI mOq dw
bdlw lYx leI mhwrxI ijMdW ny is`K POjW nMU sbk isKwaux dI TwxI
Aqy AMgryjW nMU pMjwb 'qy hmlw krn dw sunyhw ByijAw[ Aqy Xu`D vyLy
jwxbu`J ky POjW dI mdd rok leI[ Swh muhMmd vI Awpxy ik`sy
jMgwnwmw isMGW qy PrMgIAW ivc rwxI ijMdw dw p`K dyNdw hoieAw ilKdw
hY:
ijnw mwirAw koh ky vIr myrw, mYN KuhwauNgI aunw dIAW juMfIAW
jI,
…Swh muhMmdw pYxgy vYx fUMGy jdoN hox pMjwbxw rMfIAW jI[
pr auprokq q`Q ivc bhuqI s`cweI nhI jwpdI[ ikauNik
Awpxy pu`qr dy rwj 'qy hmlw krn dw s`dw rwxI kdy vI nhI dy skdI
sI[ auh rwj Kqm hox qoN bwAd ausny AMgryjW qoN jgIr jW pYnSn
lYx qoN nWh kr id`qI,BwvyN aus 'qy musIbqW dy phwV tu`t pey Aqy pu`qr
dy ivXog ivc qVPxw ipAw[ hmly vyly rwxI ny dySBgq is`K srdwrW
nMU p`qr ilK ky Xu`D ivc shwieqw mMgI Aqy pMQ Aqy pMjwb dI rwKI
dw vwsqw pwieAw[ drAsl AMgryj bhuq clwk lok sn auhnW lhOr
drbwr ivc bYTy Awpxy ip`TUAW rwhIN rwxI ivru`D pRcwr krvwieAw
Aqy rwxI dy cirqr nMU lY ky JUTIAW APvwhW PYlweIAW qW ik is`KW
ivc Pu`t pY sky[ AMgryjW dw sUhIAw Aqy pRcwr qMqr lwjvwb sI auh
mksd ivc kwmXwb ho gey[ mgroN keI ieiqhwskwr vI AMgryjW dy
PYlwey iesy Brm dw iSkwr bxy[
lwhOr ivc is`K POjW Awp-muhwrIAW ho cu`kIAW sn[ bylgwm
POjI srdwrW Aqy muKIAW dy kql krn l`gy[isMGW ny iDAwn isMG dy
pu`qr hIrw isMG nMU kql krky jvwhr isMG nMU pRDwn mMqrI bxw id`qw[
Swh muhMmd Anuswr:
hIrw isMG qy j`ly nMU mwr ky jI,
jvwhr isMG vjIr bxwieau ny[
qrP jMmU dI mUMh mroV c`ly,
rwhIN Sor KrUd mcwieau ny[
auQoN rwjw gulwb isMG bMinH AWdw,
kYNTy Pyr lY ky glIN pwieau ny,

70
 Swh muhMmdw AsW hux kVy lYxy,
jvwhr isMG nMU AwK suxwieau ny[
iesy qrHW Swh muhMmd ny is`K POjW dI Awp-muhwrI burSwgrdI
nMU ibAwnidAW iliKAw hY;
kyhw buriCAW Awx hnyr pwieAw,
jyVw bhy g`dI auhnMU mwr lYNdy,
kVy kYNTy ienwm rupey bwrW,
kdI pMj qy s`q nw cwr lYNdy[
kyeI qury nI jMmU dI l`ut krky,
kyeI Sihr dy lu`t bjwr lYNdy,
Swh muhMmdw cVHy mJYl BUhy,
pYsw qlb dw nwL pYzwr lYNdy[
pr CyqI hI Awp hudrIAW POjW ny jvwhr isMG nMU vI hwQI qoN
nyjy nwL fyg qlvwrW nwL kql kr id`qw:
jvwhr isMG dy au~qy nI DvyN swry,
m`Qw KUnIAW vWg cw v`itau ny,
sIK nwL auVuMb ky PIl au~qoN,
k`F hOidauN ijmI qy s`itau ny[
Swh muhMmdw vwsqy pWvdy dw,
isr nwL qlvwr dy k`itau ny[
ieh kwrw POjW ny rwxI ijMdW qy mhWrwjw dlIp isMG dI hwjrI
ivc kIqw[ qy dovyN mW-pu`q byb`s vyKdy rhy:
myry swhmxy koihAw vIr myrw,
ijhdI qwibAw l`K hjwr GoVy,
Swh muhMmdw aus QIN jwn vwrW,
jvwhr isMG dw vYr jy koeI moVy[
fw. SmSyr isMG ASok ‘pRwcIn vwrW qy jMgnwmy’ ‘c ilKdy hn
, “ Swh muhMmd ny ies bYNq ivc glq ibAwnI qoN kMm ilAw hY[ rwxI
ijMd kOrW ny Aijhw koeI ^q AMgryzW v`l nhI iliKAw[ pMjwb
gvrnmYNt dy irkwrfW ivcoN Aijhw koeI ^q nhI imLdw[ qy nw hI
iesdI puStI iksy hor pRmwixk ilKq qoN huMdI hY[ mlUm huMdw hY, ieh
g`p is`K rwj dy ivroDIAW dI DumweI hoeI hY[
Swh muhMmd dw jMgnwmw iek mh`qvpUrn ieiqhwisk dsqwvyj
hY, pr rwxI ijMdW bwry jo auprokq jMgnwmy ivc iliKAw imLdw hY, auh
BwrI AinHAw pUrn hY[mhWrwxI ny Swm isMG AtwrI nMU ^q iliKAw ik

71
qusIN mhWrwjw sihb dy bhuq krIbI rhy ho[ jo p`g qusW auhnW nwL
vtweI sI auh A`j rulx l`gI hY[kihMdy hn ik auh ^q pVHky Swm isMG
AtwrI vwLy sBrwvW dI lVHweI ivc ku`d pey Aqy pMjwb dI rwKI leI
duSmx dy C`ky Cufw id`qy[ rwxI dy mn ivc Kot huMdI qW auh Aijhw ^q
ikauN ilKdI[
mhWrwxI jlwvqn ho geI qy AMgryjW Gor qsIhy id`qy jy
mhWrwxI AMgryzW dI iemdwdgwr huuMdI qW qsIhy ikauN sihMdI? dlIp
isMG AMgryjW dI igRPq ivc Aw igAw[ ADUrw dlIpgVH v`sx qoN
pihlW hI au~jV igAw[ ipMf aufr Aqy joieky dy lok ikly dIAW
nwnkSwhI ie`tW GrW ivc lY gey qy p`ky mkwn bxw ley[ jvwhr isMG
dI iklw vswaux dI Xojnw BwvyN isry nhIN cV skI pr ausdy lvwey
KUhW qoN ikswn lok kuJ dhwky pihlW q`k isMcweI dw kMm lYNdy rhy[ A`j
vyhly pey KUh vI vrdwn swibq ho rhy hn[ jdoN ijAwdw bwrSW
huMdIAW hn qW Psl gL ky qbwh hox dw Kqrw pYdw ho jWdw hY lok
KwLW rwhIN pwxI KUhW ivc pw dyNdy hn[ Aqy vwDU pwxI KuhW jrIey
DrqI hyT clw jWdw hY is`ty vjHoN Psl bc jWdI hY[ pr jvwhr isMG
AOLK dw iklw nhI bc sikAw[

72
 pu`L kMjrI

pu`L kMjrI iek ieiqhwisk ksbw hY iek sVk AMimRqsr qoN

pu`L kMjrI Aqy T`tw, BsIx (hux pwiksqwn) qoN huuMdI is`DI lwhOr
phuMcdI sI[ dUjI kwhnMUvwn, gurdwspur qoN inkL AjnwLw, tipAwLw,
aufr qoN huuMdI is`DI pu`L kMjrI phuMcdI Aqy cOrsqw bxwaudI hoeI
rwjwqwl koL SyrSwh sUrI mwrg 'qy cVH jWdI[ pr iehnW sVkW dI
hoNd hux imt cu`kI hY[mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG jdoN lhOr qoN AMimRqsr
jwieAw krdw sI qW ies jgHw ivSrwm leI ruikAw krdw sI[ieQoN
iek CotI nihr sI jo lhOr dy Swlwmwr bwg dI isMcweI leI vrqI
jWdI sI[ ies sUey 'qy pu`L bicAw hY ijsnMU pu`L kMjrI kihMdy hn[ jW
nihr dI inSwnI mOjUd hY[ jo hux KwLy dw rUp Dwrn kr cu`kI hY[ ie`Qy
Ajy vI mhWrwjw dI bwrWdrI mOjUd hY[aujV cu`ky ksby dIAW XwdW
sMBwlI bYTy lok d`sdy hn ik grmIAW dy idnW ivc auh ies iemwrq
ivc KyifAw krdy sn[ Aiq dI grmI ivc ies iemwrq AMdr jdoN
AsIN gey qW sIql pOxw dw Aihsws ho irhw sI[ KUbsUrq icqrkwrI
vI iemwrq AMdr mOjUd sI[ Sihr dy bcy hoey KMfrW ivc iek qlwb
mOjUd hY[ qlwb dy iek pwsy poxw bixAw hoieAw hY[ ijs ivc rwxIAW
ieSnwn krdIAW sn[ dUjy pwsy rQ joqy GoiVAW dy pwxI pIx leI
Flwn ijhI vI hY[
ies jgHw mhWrwjw rxjIq isMG m`Kxpur dI kMjrI morW dw
mujrw dyiKAw krdw sI[ kuJ lok morW nMU jMmU ielwky dI d`sdy hn jo
bwAd ivc AjnwLy Aqy m`Kxpur rhI[
ielwky dy lok d`sdy hn ik morW kMjrI duAwrw Swlwmwr nihr
lMGx vyLy ksUrI ju`qI dw iek pYr l`Q ky if`g ipAw [ijs 'qy sony dw
iq`lw l`gw hoieAw sI[ mhwrwjy ny morW dy kihx 'qy nihr 'qy pu`L bxw
id`qw [ myry iek im`qr ny idlcsp g`l d`sI ik morW dI ju`qI pwxI ivc
iB`j ky ig`lI ho geI sI[ jo iBj jwx kwrn qMg ho geI[ ijs kwrn
morW dyr nwL phuMcI[ jdoN mhWrwjy ny dyr nwL Awuax dw kwrn pu`iCAw
qW morW klw dI bVI mwihr sI[,ausny gIq joV ilAw ,' ju`qI ksUrI
pYrIN nw pUrI hwie r`bw vy swnMU qurnw ipAw' jo bwAd ivc lok gIq

73
dy rUp ivc pRis`D ho igAw[
mhWrwjw ny hukm id`qw ik lhOr dy Swlwmwr bwg nMU isMjx
vwLI ies nihr 'qy pu`L bxwieAw jwvy[ ieh pu`L kMjrI dy nwm nwL
mShUr ho igAw[
ij`Qy mhWrwjy dw Awauxw-jwxw hovy au~qy lokW dw Awauxw-jwxw
bixAw rihMdw sI[ AmIr-vjIr qy srdwr Awey rihMdy sn[ bwxIAW
ny lokW dIAW jrUrqW pUrIAW krn leI dukwnW pw leIAW BrvW bjwr

74
bx igAw[ Bwrq-pwik vI vMf smyN ieh ipMf Gu`g v`sdw Sihr sI[
ipMf dy lok bwxIey iksm dy hox kwrn vMf smyN ieh ipMf KwlI kr
gey[ BsIn, T`tw dy muslmwnW ny ies ksby nMU r`j ky lu`itAw qy A`g
dy spurd kr id`qw[ muslmwn ie`QoN dIAW iesqrIAW vI cu`k ky nwL
lY gey[ auh lok muV ipMf nw Awey qy v`fy SihrW v`l prvws kr gey[
hux auh lok id`lI vrgy v`fy SihrW qoN Aw ky hr swl mylw krvwauNdy
hn qy iek`Ty huMdy hn[ 1971 dI Bwrq/pwik jMg smyN ieh ipMf
pwiksqwn dy kbjy ivc Aw igAw[ pwiksqwn dIAW pMjwb 43 qy
pMjwb 15 kMpnIAW ny ie`Qy h`lw bol ky kbjw kr ilAw[ 4 dsMbr
1971 nMU BwrqI sYnw nMu duiphr iqMn vjHy ip`Cy htxw ipAw[
17 dsMbr 1971 SwmI 7.30 imnt 'qy BwrqI sYnw iPr BwrU
ho geI[ BwrqI is`K rYjmYnt dIAW do kMpnIAW ny kwauNtr AtYk kIqw
qy 18 dsMbr nMU duiphr iek vjHy vwps kbjw lY ilAw[[
ies hmly ivc SMgwrw isMG ipMf cohlw sihb ny bVI vIrqw
idKweI [ auh lyt ky A`gy viDAw qy duSmx dI cldI mSIngmn kbjy
ivc lY leI[ ieh AwpxI iksm dI ivl`Kx Aqy sUrbIrqw dI nw
imLn vwlI imswl hY[ ie`Qy 13 BwrqI jvwn ShId hoey ijhnW nMU vIr
c`kr Aqy mhWvIr c`kr nwL invwijAw igAw[13 pwiksqwnI POjI
ijMdw igRPqwr kIqy gey[hux ieh purqiqv ivBwg dw ih`sw hY[ Aqy
AMimRqsr dy ifptI kimSnr sRI kwh isMG pMnU dIAW koiSSW sdkw
ies nMU nvIN nuhwr id`qI geI hY[
morW mhWrwjw rxjIq isMG dI chyqI sI Aqy rwj-Bwg dy
kMmw ‘c mhWrwjw aus qoN slwh ilAw krdw sI[ mwJy dy ipMfW ivc morW
bwry keI iksm dIAW dMq kQwvW pRcilq hn[ kihMdy hn ik ausdI
^UbsUrqI, Avwj Aqy sIrq AwpxI imswl Awp sn[

75
 ipMf kohwLI
ij`Qy is`K ieiqhws dI pihlI KUnI JVp hoeI

AMimRqsr qoN 22 ik.mI. cogwvW-lopoky sVk au~qy siQq hY ipMf

kohwLI[ ieh sMGxI AbwdI vwlw kwPI pRwcIn ipMf hY[ igAwrvIN sdI
dIAW pMjwb dIAW BUgoilk hwlqW dw pqw leIey qW rwvI dirAw
AMimRqsr dy kol dI hI ky vgdw sI [ ieh AMimRqsr qoN ho rwmqIrQ
ksby qoN huMdw ipMf kohwLI dIAW h`dW nMU CUh ky lMGdw irhw[ kuJ dhwky
pihlW q`k dirAw dy vihx dy bryqy imL jWdy sn[ pr hux ikswnW
ny zmInW vwh ky p`Dry kr id`qy hn[ ipMf kohwLI dw pUrw nwm
'AOlKWvwLI' sI jo ivgV ky bwAd ivc 'KvwLI' qy hux kohwLI bx
igAw[ mMinAw igAw hY ik ipMf dw mu`F 12 vIN sdI ivc AOLK goq
dy vfyirAW ny luiDAwxw ijlw dI mlOd qihsIl dy ku`p nw dy sQwn qoN
Aw ky bMinHAw[‘ihstrI AwP trweIbz AYNf kwsts AwP pMjwb’
Anuswr AOLK rwjw jgdyau prmwr dI vMs ivcoN hn[ rwjw Boj dI vMs
'coN rwjw jgdyau prmwr hoieAw[ rwjw Boj ny Dwrw ngrI ivc 1002
qoN 1042 eI: q`k rwj kIqw Aqy qy jgdyau ny 1042 qoN 1086 eI: q`k
rwj kIqw[ mShUr Cpwr dw mylw jgdyau prmwr dI Xwd ivc l`gdw
hY[ luiDAwxw ijly ivc jrg dy ikly 'qy rwjw jgdyau ny keI swl rwj
kIqw[ jrg dw iklw vI rwjw jgdyau ny bxvwieAw[ Aqy Awpxy BweI
rxDOl nMU rwj-Bwg sONp ky rwjsQwn v`l clw igAw[ pr ip`CoN
vYrIAW ny ies dy Brw qoN rwj-Bwg Koh ilAw[ rwjw jgdyau ny
rwjsQwn qoN kuJ kbIilAW dI mdd nwL rwj-Bwg vwips ilAw[
rwjw jgdyau dy pMj pu`qr sn sohl, dyvl,idau, AOLK qy kom[
huiSAwr isMG dulyh ilKdw hY ik auprokq pMjy goqW dy lok Awps ivc
irSqy nhI sn krdy[ ikauNik ieh ieky ipau dI AOLwd hn[ jdoN loDI
sulqwn iebrwhIm dI Bwrq 'qy hkUmq sI qW ivdySI hmlwvrW dy
sqwey prmwr bMsI bhuq swry kbIly rwqo-rwq g`ifAW 'qy smwn bMnH
ky hor QwvW v`l prvws kr gey[ AOLK mwJy v`l Awey qy Awpxy 12
ipMf bMny[ kohwLI dIAW cwr p`qIAW hn ihMdo, mwaU, Kwno qy srBwl[

76
ieh cwry sky Brw sn[ iek im`Q Anuswr iek rwjy ny iek sBw
bulweI [ ijs ivc ausny bhuq swry rijAW nMU s`dw id`qw[ sBw ivc
jdoN nwcI[nwc kr rhI sI qW ausny vwr-vwr n`cidAW rwjy AOLK dy
swhmxy isr invwieAw[ijsdw bwkI rwijAW ny burw mnwieAw[ ncwr
nMU rok ky pu`iCAw ik qMU dUjy rwijAW v`l byiDAwnI krky lMG jWdI hYN
pr rwjy AOLK dy swhmxy vwr-vwr isr invwauNdI hYN iesdw kwrn kI
hY?
qW nwcI kih l`gI,” ies sBw ivc ieko hI mrd bYTw hY auh
hY AOLK”[
rwjy kihx l`gy qYnMU mrdW dI kI pCwx hY? qUM swfI qOhIn kIqI
hY[
nwcI kihx l`gI huxy prK lYNdy hW[ ausny ikhw jo mYN mMgW
idaugy qW nSy 'c cUr rwjy kihx l`gy jo mMgxw eI mMg lY nwcI ny ikhw
ik koeI rwjw mYnMU Awpxw sIs dy idau[ rwjy socdy sn ik Dn-dOlq
mMgygI pr ieh qy sIs mMg rhI hY[sB ny sIs invWA ley[ ncwr ny
rwjy AOLK dy swhmxy Aw ky sIs mMigAw qW ausny qlvwr nwL AwpxI
DOx v`K kr leI[ Awi^r vwAdw krky inBwauxw mrdw dw kMm huMdw[
ies 'qy rwjy hYrwn rih gey[ iek swDU ny krwmwq krky rwjy AOLK
dI DOx muV joV id`qI[ dubwrw joVn 'qy DOx kuJ lMmI sI[ ikhw jWdw
hY ik AOLKW dIAW DOxw hornw nwLoN kuJ lMmIAW huMdIAW hn[
ipMf kohwLI bwsmqI dy auqpwdn ivc pMjwb ivcoN pihly sQwn
'qy AwauNdw hY[ eyArcIP mwrSl sR; Arjn isMG ies ipMf dy vsnIk
hn[
jdoN muglW dw bolbwlw sI qW auhnW iSkwr Kyfx Aqy klgI
lwaux nMU SwhI SOk AYlwn id`qw qy ikhw ik muglW dy SwhI GrwixAW
qoN ielwvw hor koeI iSkwr nhIN Kyf skdw[ guru hrgoibMd sihb jI
ny muglW dy julmw nMU llkwrn leI iSkwr Kyfxw SurU kr id`qw[ ipMf
kohwLI dI jUhW ivc Aksr lwhOroN mugl iSkwr Kyfx AwieAw krdy
sn[ lwhOr Aqy AMimRqsr dI t`kr sI[ lwhOr julmI rwijAW-
jwgIrdwrW dI pRqIinDqw krdw sI qW AMimRqsr inmwxy Awm lokW dI
pRmwqmw dy nwm 'qy c`lx vwLI s`qw dw kyNdr sI[ iek idn mugl
kohwLI dIAW jUhW ivc iSkwr Kyf rhy sn qy guru jI vI AMimRqsr qoN
hor is`KW nwL iSkwr Kyfx Aw gey[ guru jI dy bwz ny muglW dy bwz

77
nMU zKmI kr id`qw qy ADmoieAw kr id`qw[ mugl jr nw sky[ mugl
26 jyT 1686 ib: sM; nMU lwhOroN lSkr cVHw ilAwey[ ipMf kohwLI dy
kuJ crvwhy Awpxy pSU cwr rhy sn auhnW ny guru jI nMU AMimRqsr cly
jwx leI ikhw[ Aqy Kud QoVHI-QoVHI ivQ 'qy mugl POj dy twkry leI
ft gey[ is`K crvwihAW ny lMmIAW fWgW au~qy k`pVy tMgy hoey sn qy
do-do, iqMn-iqMn eykV dI iv`Q 'qy KVy sn[ mugl POj ny soicAw is`KW
koL kwPI v`fw lSkr l`gdw hY ies leI auh lVHweI dw ihswb-ikqwb
lwaux leI ruk gey[ is`KW ny DoKy ivc ilAw ik muglW nMU kwPI dyr rokI
r`iKAw[ jdoN q`k mugl POj nMU AslIAq dw pqw l`gw qW guru jI
lohgVH dy ikly v`l sur`iKAq inkL gey[iehnW sUrbIr is`KW ivc
bwbw jwgo jI, BweI mohrI jI, bwbw tihlo jI, bwbw k`so, Aqy bwbw
l`lo jI qoN ielwvw 20 qoN v`D is`K sn[ ieh is`K lVHdy hoey ShId ho
gey[ A`jkl pMjwb skUl is`iKAw borf v`loN pMjwb dy ieiqhws dI
ikqwb ivc BweI pIrwnw jI dw izkr AwauNdw hY[ jo guru hrgoibMd
sihb jI dI POj ivc jrnYl sn Aqy qopW, bMdUkW Aqy hor hiQAwrW
dI murMmq dI syvw inBwauNdy sn[ auh vI kohwLI dy vsnIk sn[
A`jkl ipMf kohwLI ivc gRMQI dI syvw inBwA rhy igAwnI jgjIq
isMG pu`qr BweI krqwr isMG vI BweI pIrwnw dI vMS 'coN hn[
CyvIN pwqSwhI guru hrgoibMd sihb jI ny Akwl qKq sihb
'qy ipMf kohwLI dIAW sMgqW nMU buMgw Alwt kIqw jo AjwdI mgroN SRomxI
kmytI ny vwips lY ilAw[ guru jI ny ipMf ivc k`cI gVHI vI bxweI jo
Xu`DnIqI qoN mh`qvpUrn sI[ smW bIqx nwL ieh Fih geI A`jkl
ies QW lokW dI irhwieS hY, pr ies gVHI dIAW inSwnIAW sp`St
imL jWdIAW hn[ auprokq is`K-mugl JVp dw bhuq ieiqhwisk
m`hqv hY ies qoN pihlW is`K lihr SWqmeI rUp ivc c`l irhw
AMdoln sI[ pr ies Gtnw ny is`K ieiqhws nMU nvW moV id`qw[ ieh
is`K ieiqhws dI pihlI KUnI JVp sI[
ipMf ivc AMgryz srkwr ny nihrI ivBwg dI Arwmgwh vI
auswrI[ ij`Qy Grwt bxwey Aqy Awtw pIhx leI px-c`kI( pwxI nwL
c`lx vwLI c`kI) bxweI[ AMgryjW ny lwhOr bRWc dI iek nihr vI
1891 dy nyVy-qyVy bxweI[ nihrI ivBwg dI Arwmgwh Ajy ausy
idlkS rUp ivc mOjUd hY[ pr pRSwSwn nMU cwhIdw hY ik ies dI sMBwl
v`l ivSyS iDAwn dyvy[siqgurU bwbw myhr dws jI auudwsI pRprw dy
mwhn sMq hoey hn[auhnW dI smwD ipMf ivc mOjUd hY[ Ajkl bwbw

78
prkwS munI jI ie`Qy syvw kr rhy hn[ guru goibMd isMG jI dy h`QoN
AMimRq Ck ky isMG s`jy Aqy cmkOr sihb dI gVHI 'c ShId hox vwLy
pMjW ipAwirAW 'coN iek bwbw ihMmq isMG jI dI Xwd ivc gurduAwrw
sihb vI hY[kwmryf qwrw isMG gurduAwrw sihb dy mu`K syvwdwr hn[
ipMf dy juAwn kuSqIAW dy SOkIn hn qy hr swl ielwky dI
mShUr iCMJ pYNdI hY ij`Qy dUroN-nyiVauN Blvwn Awpxy jOhr idKwaux
AwauNdy hn[ BlvwnI dy Kyqr 'c keI nwmvr pihlvwn ies ipMf ny
pYdw kIqy ijs kwrn ies nMU kohwLI BlvwnNW dI vI ikhw jWdw hY[

79
 Bgvwn SRI rwmcMdr dw nwnkw ipMf ksyl:
kdI kOiSilAw ngrI sI A`j dw ksyl

mwJy dI DrqI hV`pw Aqy pRwcIn kwl dy bhuq swry Qyh Aqy
ieiqhwisk inSwnIAW AwpxI ih`k ivc smoeI bYTI hY[Agr sMsQweI
p`Dr 'qy Koj ho sky qW bhuq hYrwnIjnk nqIjy swhmxy Aw skdy hn[
rmwiex dIAW GtnwvW Aqy pwqrW nwL sbMiDq QwvW bwry ivdvwn
iekm`q nhIN[ pRis`D ieiqhwskwr fw. Rroimlw Qwpr ny keI GtnwvW
dw ijkr kIqw hY jdoN kbIly bwgW Aqy jMglW 'qy kbjy kwrn Awps
ivc lVdy sn[iesqrIAW cu`kx Aqy pSUAW corI dw irvwj Awm sI[
pMjwb dI DrqI 'qy vyd rcy gey[ieiqhwisk p`KoN ieh DrqI AmIr
ivrsy vwLI hY[ ksyl bwry lyK ilKx qoN myrw ieh mksd hY ik ies
g`l dw muqwilAw vI kIqw jwey ik pMjwb dw rmwiex ivc vrxn
GtnwvW nwL kI sbMD hY[ BwvyN pRwcIn ieiqhws au~qy imQW dy Asr
qoN ienkwr nhIN kIqw jw skdw pr iehnW GtnwvW dI ieiqhwisk
s`cweI l`Bxw Awpxy pRwcIn ivrsy Aqy gOrv nMU pCwnxw hY[
AkqUbr dy AwKrI hPqy srdIAW dy mOsm dy sMkyq spSt
imL rhy sn[ m`Ty-m`Ty DuMdlky 'c ilpitAw ipMf ksyl dUroN kwPI
idlkS nzwrw pyS kr irhw sI[AMimRqsr ijly dIAW srh`dI qihsIlW
AMdr pRwcIn ngrW dy aujVn Aqy vsybyN ivc lgdw hY ik rwvI dy
bdldy vihx bhuq Aihm BUimkw inBwauNdy rhy hn[AsIN Awpxy nyV
nwL AswnI nwL juV jWdy hW[ieiqhws ivc Awey auqrwA-cVwA smy
dI cwl nwL DuMdly huMdy jWdy hn[ kudrq ny srIr Aqy Awqmw rUpI jo
XMqr bKiSAw hY AwiKr iesdI sm`rQw dI vI koeI sImw hY[ clo
dwiKl huMdy hW BwrI auqsukqw sihq ipMf ksyl dy mu`K cOk ivc[ ij`Qy
iek pwsy pRwcIn iSv mMdr hY qy dUjy pwsy purwxIAW ie`tW dw byh`d fUMGw
qy ivSwl qlwb[ ikhw jWdw hY ik ies qlwb dI auswrI rwjw
ibkrmwjIq ny krvweI[ pr l`gdw hY ik ies mMidr Aqy qlwb dI
auswrI muV mugl kwl vyLy hoeI[ ipMf ksyl iSv Bgvwn dy byh`d cwr

80
pRwcIn mMdrW ivcoN iek hY[ ieh cwr hn kwSI, kwAbw, klwnOr qy
ksyl[ ies qrHW ieh ksyl ivclw mMidr ihMdUAW leI qIrQ dw drjw
r`Kdw hY[ ipMf ksyl Bgvwn SRI rwmcMdr dw nwnkw ipMf mMinAw jWdw
hY[ ikhw jWdw hY ik ieh ipMf SRI rwm cMdr jI dI mwqw kuS`ilAw dy
ipqw dI rwjDwnI sI[ ngr dw purwxw nwm kOsl sI[ auMJ kOsl rwjw
dw ngr XU.pI. ivc vI hY[ jo ksyl vWg Qyh 'qy hY[ Aqy bwAd ivc
iesdw nwm kuS`ilAw ngrI pY igAw[
1) izkrXog hY ik ie`QoN kuJ Pwsly 'qy ksbw rwmqIrQ mOjUd
hY[ ij`Qy mwqw sIqw ny bnvws ilAw sI[ Aqy irSI bwlmIk dw pRis`D
mMidr vI mOjUd hY[ie`Qy lv Aqy kuS ny rwm Aqy lSmx sYnwvW nwL
Xu`D krky auhnW nMU prwijq kIqw[ie`Qy au`qrI Bwrq dw ihMdU BweIcwry
dw bhuq v`fw mylw l`gdw hY[ ie`Qy jo qlwb mOjUd hY ies bwry im`Q hY
ik iesdI auswrI hnumwn jI ny 'FweI t`pW' nwL kIqI sI[ mMidr dI
mUrqI klw vyKxXog hY Aqy hnumwn jI dI idauk`d mUrqI vI mOjUd hY[
qlwb byh`d ivSwl hY[
2) guAWFI qihsIl AjnwLw ivc ipMf jsqrvwl CInw mOjUd
hY[ ies ipMf dw purwxw nwm dSrQvwl mMinAw jWdw hY[ mwJy ivc
‘d’ nMU keI vwrI ‘j’ ikhw jWdw hY ijvyN kudrq nMU keI mJYl kujrq
boldy hn[ ieh vI im`Q hY ik srvx nMU qIr vI ie`Qy v`jw sI[ kuJ smW
pihlW q`k ie`Qy kuJ pRwcIn inSwnIAW mOjUd sn[
3) ipMf ksyl qoN nyVy hI sqlwxI sihb ipMf mOjUd hY ij`Qy mwqw
sIqw dI smwDI hY Aqy Aqy mMidr hY[ d`isAw igAw ik ie`Qy mwqw
sIqw ny smwDI leI sI[
ksyl iqMn vwr Qyh bixAw[ ie`Qy ieh d`sxw kuQweIN nhIN
hovygw ik au~qrI Bwrq dy gMgw GwtI dy mYdwnW ivc ijMny vI Qyh imLdy
hn auhnW ivcoN ijAwdwqr dIAW iqMn prqW hn[ hr prq ivcoN
inklx vwlw sMd smwn v`Kry-v`Kry smyN dI khwxI kihMdw hY[ KYr Qyh
ikvyN bxy ies bwry v`Kry lyK ivc ilKWgw[ ksyl ivcly Qyh nMU vyK ky
AswnI nwL AMdwzw lgwieAw jw skdw hY ik ieh ngr pMj- Cy hjwr
swl pihlW isMD GwtI dI siBAqw vyLy vI mOjUd hovygw[ iSv mMidr
Aqy KUhI bwry ivSvwS hY ik iesdw pwxI pyt dIAW swrIAW ibmwrIAW
nMU dUr krdw hY[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy pIx leI KUhI dy pwxI dI
gwgr rozwnw lhOr iljweI jWdI sI[ gOqm irSI dI pqnI Ah`ilAw
dw pykw ipMf vI ksyl mMinAW jWdw hY[ hnumwn dI mwqw AMjnI

81
Ah`ilAw dI DI sI[ imQ hY ik ieMdr dyvqw ny DoKy nwL Ah`ilAw dw
sq BMg kIqw Aqy gOqm irSI ny ieMdr nMU srwp dy id`qw[ irSI dy
srwp nwL Ah`ilAw vI isl p`Qr ho geI jo bwAd ivc SRI rwm cMdr
qoN Coh pw ky muV pihly rUp ivc AweI Aqy pqIlok nMU clI geI[
auprokq KUhI ivc l`gI is`l sMsikRq ivc l`gI hoeI hY[ ksyl
ivcly qlwb Aqy mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG vyLy 'pu`L kMjrI' 'qy bxy qlwb
vyK ky pqw l`gdw hY ik ieh ie`ko kwrIgr dI ingrwnI hyT bxy hn[
sMBv hY ik mMidr Aqy qlwb dw nvinrmwx mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny
dubwrw krvwieAw hovy[ ieh dwnI rwjw swry DrmW leI brwbr dw
siqkwr r`Kdw sI[
kdI ies ngr dy bwrW drvwjy hoieAw krdy sn[ mwJy ivc
hmlwvrW dw koeI pqw nhI sI huMdw ik kdoN Aw Dmkx, ies leI
pRwcIn ngr hmySW sr`iKAw dy p`K qoN ily dy rUp ‘c bxwey jWdy sn[
ngrW dy cwr-cuPyry mjbUq cwridvwrI kIqI jWdI qy drvwijAW ‘qy
pihry huMdy[ ijAwdwqr ngrW ivcoN bwhr jwx leI surMgW vI huMdIAW[
jo Awm qOr ‘qy gupq r`KIAW jWdIAW[ ksyl, p`tI, dlIpgVH, klwnOr,
AMimRqsr Awid iesy Xojnw Anuswr vswey gey[
ipMf ivc bxy nwnkSwhI ie`tW dy KUh Aqy KUhIAW dI kwPI
Brmwr hY[mMidr ivc iSvilMG vI hY[ AsIN ipMf dy Dur ivckwr au~cy
Qyh 'qy nwnkSwhI ie`tW dw Gr vyiKAw ijsdI kuJ inSwnI hI bcI sI[
Gr dy AMdrly ih`sy ivc iek byh`d fUMGI pr G`t cOVI KUhI mOjUd hY[
ijs ivc Ajy vI pwxI hY[ Gr dy mwlkW ny iek KUh bwhr gLI vwLy
pwsy lMGdy-AwauNidAw dy pwxI pIx leI lgwieAw sI [ ksyl ivc
pihlI ivSv jMg ivc Bwg lYx leI gey ivAkqIAW ivcoN 12 ivAkqI
ShId ho gey[ ijMnW dI Xwd ivc is`l mu`K cOk ivc l`gI hoeI hY[ gdr
lihr ivc kurbwnI krn vwilAw 'c mwstr au~Dm isMG, bUtw isMG,
mrHwj isMG a~uGy nwm hn[ mMidr dy ATwrvIN sdI 'c hoey mhMq
iSvpurI ny jIauNdy-jIA smwDI leI[ auhnW dy cyly bwbw poly Swh dI
smwD vI mOjUd hY[ bwbw iSvpurI qoN bwAd mMidr dy mhMq aumrwau
igr, kwhn igr, hIrw igr,rqn igr Aqy mOjUdw mhMq bldyv rwj
hn[ipMf ksyl jw ky mihsUs hoieAw ik jy koeI pMjwb dIAW ieiqhwisk-
imiQhwisk QwvW bwry Koj dw kMm Akwidimk p`Dr 'qy kIqw jwvy qW
BwrqI ieiqhws nMU nvyN AXwm imL skdy hn[

82
 rmwiex kwl dIAW inSwnIAW qy mwJw

ieh g`l kwPI Brm pYdw krn vwLI hY[ rmwiex dy Gitq
smyN dw vI kuJ pqw nhI[ kuJ lok ies khwxI nMU mnGVq d`sdy hn
auQy kuJ Asl ivc vwprI[ho skdw hY ik ieh AwrIAnw dy Bwrq
Awgmn smyN vwprIAW GtnwvW dw ilKq kwivk rUp hovy[ ijvyN Swh
muhMmd ny jMgnwmw isMGW qy PrMgIAW iliKAw[ auMJ vI rwijAW-
rwxIAW dIAW kQwvW lokW Aqy kvIAW dw mnBwauNdw ivSw irhw hY[
iek ieiqhwskwr ny iliKAw ik ieh au~qr Bwrq dy mYdwnI KyqrW 'c
aupjwaU BUmI Aqy bwgW 'qy kbjy leI kbIilAW dy KUnI sMGrS sn[
iek-dUjy dIAW AOrqW cu`k iljwx dw kbIilAW ivc Awm irvwz sI[
ieh vI sMBv hY ik smW pw ky iehnW khwxIAW 'c rLw pYNdw igAw
hovy[ Aqy iehnW dy smW Aqy sQwn kvIAW qy ibrqWqkwrW ny v`K-
v`K inSicq kr ley hox[ iehnW khwxIAW ivclI not krn vwLI g`l
hY ik iehnW dy pwqr 'qy auhnW dIAW sm`isAwvW aus vyLy dy smwijk
hwlwq muqwibk isiKAwdiek sn[ ijvyN SRI rwm cMdr dy jIvn qoN
iqAwg Aqy kurbwnI dI is`iKAw imLdI qy nwL hI v`ifAW dy AwigAw
pwln dw uapdyS vI imLdw[ lCmx dw cirqr qW do sky BrwvW ivc
iek-dUjy leI Kud kurbwn hox dI pRyrnw Br idMdw[jdoN rwm lIlw
dOrwn styj 'qy Brq Aqy rwm dy imLn dw idRS AwauNdw qW vyKx vwLy
ro pYNdy Aqy Brw nMU duSmx jW SrIk smJx vwLy drSk dw mn vI Brw
pRqI moh nwL Br idMdw[
cogwvW qoN kuJ iklomItr dI ivQ 'qy hY ipMf jsqrvwl[ mYnMU
iek swDU ny d`isAw ik ies ipMf dw purwxw nwm zsrQvwl dI Bgvwn
rwm cMdr dy ipqw rwjw dSrQ (zsrQ) dy nwm 'qy[ ie`Qy srvx nMU
rwjw dSrQ ny qIr mwirAw sI[ srvx Awpxy AMnHy mW-bwp nMU vihMgI
ivc cu`kI qIrQW dy drSn krwaux iljw irhw sI[ jdoN bu`Fy mW-bwp
nMU qyh l`gI qW auhnW srvx nMU pwxI ilAwaux leI ikhw[ srvx
vihMgI r`K ky ndI 'coN pwxI lYx igAw[ jdoN auh pwxI Brn l`gw qW
pwxI dI Avwj AweI [rwjw dSrQ aus jgHw iSkwr Kyf irhw sI[

83
auh JwVIAW dy auhly 'c vyK nw sikAw qy ausny soicAw koeI ihrn
pwxI pIx AwieAw hY[ausny qIr dwg id`qw[ jKmI srvx dIAW cIkW
sux jdoN rwjw koL igAw qW srvx ny swrI khwxI d`sI[ rjy ny sB
qoN pihlW srvx dy mW-bwp nMU pwxI ipAwieAw[pr ausdw hOslW mw-
bwp nMU Asl g`l d`sx dw nW ipAw[ AMq jdoN mW-bwp nMU pqw l`gw
qW auhnW dSrQ nMU srwp dy id`qw ik ijvyN AsIN Awpxy pu`qr dy ivXog
'c qVpdy mrWgy auvyN qUM vI Awpxy pu`qr dy ivXog 'c qVpdw pRwx
dyvyNgw[ kihMdy hn ik SRI rwm cMdr dy bnvws dI ibD iesy g`l kwrn
bxI[ ie`Qy iek purwxw qlwb sI ijsdI inSwnI Ajy vI mOjUd hY[
kmwl dI g`l hY ik ieh vI imQ imLdI hY ik iesdIAW pOVIAW kdI
sony dIAW hoieAW krdIAW sn[ imQ dw ArQ hY 'mMn lYxw' jW ijs
g`l dy h`k ivc koeI sbUq nw hoxw[
mYN ie`Qy audwhrx dyxI cwhWgw ApRrySn bilau stwr nMU Ajy
bhuqw smW nhI bIiqAw audoN dy pRq`KdrSI Ajy swry nhI qW bhuq
ijauNdy hn[pr bilau stwr dIAW GtnwvW nMU lY ky Anyk Brm-BulyKy
pYdw ho gey hn[iek GtnW swirAW Awpo-Awpxy qrIky suxweI jW
ilKI[ ijMnHy mMUh aunIAW g`lW[ iesy qrHW pRwcIn ieiqhws ivc bhuq
kuJ s`cweI jW s`cweI vrgw hY pr smW bIqx nwL ieh Brmwau im`QW
vrgw l`gdw hY[ies sMBwvnw qoN ienkwr nhI kIqw jw skdw ik
jsrQ nW dw hor rwjw hoieAw hovy ijs dy nW nwL imQ joV leI geI
hovy[rwijAW dy nW nwL bhuq im`QW juVdIAW hn[ mwJy dy drjnW ipMfW
ivc mMdrW ivc igAw[bhuq ipMfW dy mMdrW dy pujwrIAW ny mMdr dI
KUhI idKwauNidAW ikhw ik mhWrwjw rxjIq isMG dy pIx leI rozwnw
iek pwxI dI gwgr ies KUhI qoN rozwnw lhOr jWdI sI[ mjydwr g`l
hY ik ieh khwxI bhuq swrIAW KUhIAW bwry ieh g`l mShUr hY[ iek
vwr iesy g`l 'qy ivcwr kr rhy sW ik hwsy vwLI g`l iek imqr ny
kr id`qI ik 'mhWrwjw sI ik Jony dw Kyq swry mwJy ijMnHw pwxI 'k`lw
pI jWdw sI'[
ieh qW mjwk dI g`l hY ho skdw hY ik mMdrW dy pujwrIAW v`loN
lokW dI SrDw nMU kYS krn leI ieh g`lW PYlweIAW geIAW hox[ pr
ivigAwink qOr 'qy swibq ho cu`kw ik ij`Qy Kws sMgIqk SYlI ivc
mMqrW dw aucwrn hovy au~Qy pwxI dy suBwA ivc vI kuJ qbdIlI AwauNdI
hY[ au~Qy kuJ AidRS rUp ivc swriQk vwpr irhw huMdw hY[ KYr! ieh
swfw ivSw nhI[ AsIN qW g`l dI qMd nMU PVn dw Xqn kr rhy

84
hW[AwrIAnW dy Awaux nwL pMjwb ivc nvIN siBAqw dw Awgmn
hoieAw[ bhuq swrw swihq ricAw igAw[ AwDunk BwrqI BwSwvW dy
srUp bxny SurU hoey[ sB qoN pihlW ieh Awgmn pMjwb Aqy mwJy dI
DrqI 'qy hoieAw[ vyd,purwx Aqy durlB swihq vI iesy DrqI 'qy
iliKAw igAw[
cogwvW qoN AMimRqsr nMU jWidAW rsqy ivc ksbw rwmqIrQ
AwauNdw hY ie`Qy au~qrI Bwrq dy sB qoN v`fy myilAW 'coN iek mylw l`gdw
hY[ 15 idn lok dUroN-nyiVauN huMm-humW ky AwauNdy hn[ ies DrqI bwry
ikhw jWdw hY ik ie`Qy mhWirSI bwlmIk jI ny rmwiex dI rcnw
kIqI[ ie`Qy iek purwxI KUhI hY ijs dI vrqoN mwqw sIqw ny kIqI sI[
ie`Qy mhWirSI bwlmIk ny lv Aqy kuS nMU is`iKAw id`qI Aqy qIr
AMdwjI ivc dovyN inpuMn hoey[ rwm cMdr ny mwqw sIqw nMU bnvws dy
id`qw Aqy Kud rwj krn l`gw qW ausny ASvmyG X`g dI rcnw kIqI
qy GoVy C`f id`qy[ lv Aqy kuS ny GoVy PV ley qy dovyN sYnwvW dw BwrI
Xu`D hoieAw[ rwm Aqy lCmx sYnw nMU lv ,kuS sYnw h`QoN hwr hoeI[
ie`Qy d`sdy hn ik rwm jI dw Awpxy dohW byitAW nwL punr imlwp
hoieAw[kuJ dUr ipMf sqlwxI sihb hY ijs bwry suxn nMU imLdw hY
ie`Qy mwqw sIqw ny smwDI leI sI[ ipMf ‘coN pqw l`gw ik ies ipMf dw
purwxw nwm ‘sIqwlwxI’ sI[ ksyl ipMf ijs bwry ilK Awey hW ik ies
ipMf dy vsnIk ies ipMf nMU SRI rwm cMdr ny nwnky ArQwq mwqw
kOiSilAw dw pykw ipMf mMndy hn[rwm jI dw jnm auhnW dy nwnky Gr
hoieAw sI[ ies ilhwz nwL auhnW dI jnm BUmI ksyl bxdI hY[swfw
mksd 'rwm jnm BUmI' ivvwd KVw krnw nhI[ ieho ijhy kMm nyqwvW
nMU soBdy hn[ AsIN qW AwpxI smr`Qw Anuswr g`l dy ieiqhwisk p`K
ivcwr rhy hW[
mwJy ivc rmwiex dIAW ey n IAW inSwnIAW imLnIAW
hYrwnIjnk g`l hY[ iek hor iDAwn dyx Xog hY ik ij`Qy rmwiex dIAW
kwPI inSwnIAW imLdIAW hn au~Qy mhWBwrq dI koeI imQ nhI
imLdI[ SRImqI AriqMdr sMDU jI pMjwbI dI snmwinq kiv`qrI hn,auh
d`s rhy sn auhnW dI jmIn koL rwjwsWsI ivKy iek C`pVI sI, ho
skdw hY kdy ieh Fwb rhI hovy,auhnW d`isAw ik auhnW dI dwdI s`s
dw kihxw sI ik ie`Qy kdI mwqw sIqw k`pVy Dox AwauNdI sI[ ieh jgHw
rwmqIrQ qoN KyqW ivcdI eynI dUr nhI ij`Qy mwqw sIqw ny bnvws
k`itAw sI[ eynI ku dUr kuJ dhwky pihlW q`k AOrqW k`pVy vgYrw Dox

85
leI jwieAw krdIAW sn[
iek g`l p`kI hY ik mwJy dI DrqI aus ieiqhws dI gvwh hY
ijs dIAW mOjUdw nsl klpnw vI nhI kr skdI[ ieiqhws dw smW
bIqx nwL rUp vtw ky iek imQ ivc bdl jwxw XkInI huMdw hY[ bhuq
kuJ hY jo jo auhly 'c ipAw hY[ieiqhws dy Anyk DuMdly kWf swfy
ieMqjwr 'c hn Awau AqIq v`l moVw pweIey[

86
 dyS BgqW dw gVH sI AjnwLw qihsIl

cogwvyN Du`py bYTy A^bwr pVH rhy sW ik Acwink iksy qoN

suixAW ik kwmryf rqn isMG mwnwvwlw clwxw kr gey hn[ mn
Bwvuk ho igAw[ 95 swl dI aumr ivc vI kwmryf rqn isMG ‘c joS
brkrwr sI[ auh roz AKbwr pVHdy qy clMq mwmilAW ‘qy crcw
krdy[ cogwvyN Aksr auhnW dy Gr srh`dI ielwky ‘coN mjdUrW Aqy
ikswnW dIAW mIitMgW hMudIAW[ auhnW dw Gr mOjUdw smyN cogwvW blwk
dy kimauist soc vwLy lokW dw gV sI[CotI aumr ivc hI auh Awpxy
cwcy nwL lwhOr jyl dy bwhr KVy sn jdoN ShId Bgq isMG nMU PWsI
id`qI jw rhI sI[ lokW dw joS vyK ky ShIdW dIAW dyhW nMU cor
drvwijauN AMgryjW ny k`iFAw[ kwmryf qyjw isMG suqMqr dI AgvweI
hyT bxI lwl pwrtI ‘c kwmryf rqn isMG ny auqSwh nwL ih`sw
ilAw[ AjwdI qoN bwAd vI auhnW lok sMgrwm ivc AQwh kurbwnIAW
kIqIAW[ mOjUdw smyN auh kwmryf jgjIq isMG lwielpurI dI AgvweI
vwLI AYm.sI.pI.AweI. dy ijlw AMimRqsr dy sYktrI Aqy sUbw kmytI
mYNbr sn[aumr dy n`ibivAW dy dhwky ivc vI auh lgwqwr lokW dy kMm
krvwaux leI srgrm rihMdy[
ipCly swl bjurg dyS Bgq kwmryf surjn isMG cogwvW
clwxw kr gey sn[ kwmryf surjn isMG cogWvW dy qur jwx nwL dyS
Bgq lok lihr nMU nw pUirAw jw skx vwlw Gwtw ipAw hY[ auh
ikrqI pwrtI lihr Aqy lwl pwrtI nwL sbMiDq AjwdI dI lVweI
iv`c kurbwnIAW krn vwly Aqy hr swh nwL dyS Aqy lokweI dy ih`qW
nMU pihl dyx vwly sn[ 27 dsMbr 1912 nMU ipqw sR: nrYx isMG dy Gr
Aqy mwqw jI lwB kOr dI ku`KoN jnmy sR: surjn isMG 14-15 swl dI
aumr iv`c kwmryf qyjw isMG cogWvW dy sMprk iv`c Awey[ ie`s smyN
gdr lihr PrMgIAW dI GuspYT kwrn isry nhIN cV skI sI[ Aqy
ikrqI pwrtI Aqy ikswn sBw dy JMfy hyT dyS Bgq lokW ny iek`Ty hoxw
SurU kr id`qw sI ikswn lihr Aqy ikrqI lihr auqrI Bwrq dI sB
qoN v`fI lok p`KI lihr dy qOr qy sQwipq ho cu`kI sI[

87
 kwmryf surjn isMG cogwvW ipMf sWgxw ijlw SyKp
U r
u w pwiksqwn
cly gey[ ij`Qy auhnW ny k`pVy dI rMgweI dw kMm is~iKAw[ 26 jnvrI
1930 nMU lhOr ivKy rwvI dy kMFy pUrn AjwdI vwlI kWgrs iv`c ih`sw
ilAw[ ie`Qy Awp kwmryf qyjw isMG suqMqr dy sMprk iv`c Awey[auhnIN
idnI dyS BgqW v`loN srgoDw ivKy gupq CwpwKwnw cldw sI[ ij`Qy
'ikrqI' AKbwr Cpvw ky h`Qo-h`Q dyS ivdyS iv`c phuMcwieAw jwdW[
g`fI dw frweIvr dyS Bgq lihr nwL hmdrdI r`Kdw sI[ jo ikrqI
AKbwr leI kwgz SihroN bwhr bIhV iv`c c`ldI g`fI qoN su`t dyNdw
Aqy g`fI dw smw pihlW pqw huMdw sI kwmryf surjn isMG hor swQIAW
nwL kwgz cu`k ky gupq CwpyKwny iv`c phuMcwauNdy[ Aqy AKbwr Cpx
dI pRikRAw SurU ho jWdI pwrtI ny auhnW dI lgn vyK kyy auhnW dI
ifaUtI pwrtI dy gupqvws swQIAW nMU sWBx Aqy auhnW dI shwieqw
dI lgweI[ aus vkq qihsIl Ajnwlw dy ipMf P`qyvwl ivKy dyS
BgqW dI kwnPrMs iv`c iSrkq kIqI[ ie`s kwnPrMs dI AMgryz
srkwr ny qkVI ivroDqw kIqI Aqy l`TmwrW dI vrqoN nwL kwnPrMs
nMU Pyl krn dw Xqn kIqw pr dyS BgqW ny qS`dd dw krwrw juAwb
dy ky sPl kwnPMrs kIqI Aqy Aqy srkwr dy Byjy do l`Tmwr mwry gey[
srkwr ny Anyk dyS BgqW nMU ihrwsq iv`c ilAw Aqy Aqy muk`dmy
clwey[
9 mwrc 1939 nMU ipMf iBtyv`f ivKy 36 ijilAW dy ikswnw dw
iek`T bulwieAw igAw ij`s iv`c ih`sw lYx leI pMifq jvwhr lwl
nihrU vI Aw rhy sn pr auhnW nMU AMbwly igRPqwr kr ilAw igAw[ie`s
kwnPrMs dI AgvweI kwmryf qyjw isMG suqMqr Aqy kwmryf sohn
isMG joS kr rhy sn[ie`s ieiqhwisk kwnPrMs iv`c fw: sYPUdIn
ikclU, bIbI PwiqAW Swiml hoey[ ie`s qoN ielwvw kwmryf qyjw isMG
suqMqr,kw: sohx isMG joS,kw: dlIp isMG tipAwlw,kw: A`Cr isMG
CInw, kw; cMnx isMG nUrpurI, kw: mohn isMG bwT, kw: swDU isMG
Kqrwey klw,bwbw sohn isMG Bknw, kw: hrikSn isMG surjIq, kw:
cYn isMG cYn Awid phuMcy[ie`s qoN ielwvw sr iskMdr hXwq Kwn dI
vjwrq vyly 1939 qoN 1940 q`k c`ly lwhOr dy ikswn morcy iv`c kwmryf
surjn isMG dI kurbwnI lwimswl sI[ lMmw smW jylW iv`c gujwirAw
qy pMdrW swl cogwvW dy srpMc vI rhy[ auh lokW leI jIvy Aqy Aijhy
imswlI XoDy dw jIvn Adu`qI imswl hY[

88
 ipMf iB`tyv`f dI 1939 eI: dI ikswn kwnPrMs ikswn lihr
‘c iek mIl p`Qr mMnI jWdI hY[ ies ivc Bwg lYx leI pMfq jvwhr
lwl nihrU Awey pr AMbwLy igRPqwr kr ley gey[ lwhOr Aqy AMimRqsr
dy kRmvwr 1938 Aqy 1939 eI: dy ikswn morcy kurbwnIAW dIAW
lwimswl imswlW sn[ P`qyvwl swijS kys, gurU kw bwg morcw, hrCw
CInw dw moGw morcw Awid AjwdI dI lihr dy sqMB vjHoN jwxy jWdy hn[
kwmryf gulwm nbI Bu`lr ipMf Bu`lrW dy hoey hn[ kwmryf POjw
isMG Bu`lr dy nwL srgrmIAW AwrMB Awp ny Aiq AOKy GrylU hwlwq
dy bwvjUd AjwdI dI lVweI ivc kurbwnIAW kIqIAW[ pwiksqwn
bxn qoN bwAd kwmryf gulwm nbI lwhOr cly gey qy tWgw XUNIAn KVI
kIqI[ iPr Awp ny pUrbI pwiksqwn jw ky AvwmI lIg nw dI jQybMdI
bxweI[ Aqy bMglwdyS dI AjwdI qoN bwAd AvwmI lIg dI pihlI
srkwr bxI[ pr AnpV hox kwrn kwmryf Bu`lr pRDwn mMqrI nw bx
sky Aqy SyK muzIbr rihmwn nMU pRDwn mMqrI bxw id`qw[ pMj swl
pihlW Awp bMglwdyS ivc clwxw kr gey[mYN kwmryf lwB isMG
tipAwLw dy Gr igAw qW iek kmry ivc auh Arwm kr rhy sn[
s`t kwrn c`lx-iPrn qoN Asm`rQ hn[ mYN auhnW nwL g`lW irkwrf
kIqIAW[ ienklwbI idnW dIAW XwdW ny auhnW nMU KuSI Aqy auqSwh
nwL Br id`qw[
kwmryf surjn isMG cogwvW dI mOq qoN kuJ mhIny pihlW mYN
auhnW nwL kuJ mulwkwqW ivc purwxIAW XwdW ilKIAW[ AjIb ivfMbnW
dI siQqI hY ik auhnW dy pu`q-poqry auhnW dI mOq qoN bwAd myry koL
ieh pu`Cx Awey ik auhnW dy bwpU ny iks lihr ivc kI-kI kurbwnIAW
kIqIAW hn?
kwmryf qwrw isMG kohwLI vI 85AW nMU A`pV cu`ky hn[ iek
idn kih rhy sn myry koLoN vI jo ilKxw eI ilK lY, mYN vI hux ndI
iknwry ru`KVw hW[ A`j hI pqw l`gw hY ik Acwink ishq ivgV jwx
kwrn auhnW nMU hspqwl BrqI krwauxw ipAw[ pRmwqmw auhnW nMU
ishqXwbI bKSy[
kdI AjnwLw qihsIl dySBgqW dw gVH sI[ kwmryf sohx
isMG joS, A`Cr isMG CInw, dlIp isMG tipAwLw, kwmryf POjw isMG
Bu`lr, ShId myvw isMG lopoky, nkslI lihr dy ShId srbjIq isMG
iB`tyv`f, swQI bldyv isMG mwn smyq sYNkVy juJwrUAW dy nwm AwauNdy
hn jo lokW dI iksmq pltx leI jwnW vwr gey[ ijhnW su`K-Arwm

89
iqAwg ky lokW dI rwh ‘qy sMGrS lVHidAW AQwh kurbwnIAW kIqIAW[
sYNkVy nwm hn swry ilKy nhI jw skdy[
pr bdiksmqI nwL ies mhwn lihr dI ivrwsq AglI
pIVHI q`k nhI A`pV skI[ nOjvwn qW dyS BgqW nMU Bu`ldy jw rhy hn[
auhnW koL iPlmI hIroienW dy cocly Aqy gwiekW dIAW g`lW jW byisr
pYr iPlmW qoN hI ivhl nhI[
mYnMU ies g`l dw rMz hY ik AsIN lok ihqYSI K`by p`KI lihr
nMU muV iesdIAW auswrU lIhW ‘qy qor skWgy ik nhI?
ik nOjvwn pIVHI auhnW dIAW kurbwnIAW qoN pRyrnw lY sky[

90
shwiek pusqk sUcI:
pMjwb dIAW vwrW- sMpwdk fw. gMfw isMG ( pMjwbI XUnI. pitAwlw)
pUrvkwlIn Bwrq AwrMB sy 1300 eI: q`k-roimlw Qwpr( id`lI XUnI.)
ivSxU purwx- sMpw pMifq jgnnwQ Srmw(ibRjvwsI pusqk BMfwr, hrIduAwr)
volgw qoN gMgw q`k-rwhul sWkrqwien (pMjwb bu`k sYNtr)
pRwcIn Bwrq dw ieiqhws- bI. AYn. kuMdrw
ik`sw sMdrB koS- fw. pRIqm sYnI (BwSw ivBwg pMjwb)
Bwrq ky pRwcIn ngroN kw pqn-rwmSrx Srmw(rwjkml pRkwSn id`lI)
events at the court of Ranjit singh 1810-1817-lt. col. Garrett
JnW dI rwq- hirMdr isMG mihbUb
swfy pRis`D qIrQ AsQwn-ielvwplUr pWfUrMgw rwa- Anuvwd-lwl isMG
irg bwxI- fw. hirBjn isMG, dyvrwj cwnxw (nvXu`g pbilSr)
Bwrq kw ieiqhws-roimlw Qwpr (rwjkml pRkwSn, id`lI)
pRwcIn Bwrq kw ieiqhws- idjyNdr nrwiex Jw-ikRSnmohn SRImwlI (ihMdI ivBwg id`lI
XUnI:)
isMDU siBAqw- fw. ikRSn kumwr QpAwl, fw. sMktw pRswd Sukl (mwnvI vsIly ivBwg,
lKnaU)
sqwrvIN sdI dw coxvW pMjwbI swihq- sMpw: fw. drSn isMG (nYSnl bu`k tr`st)
gurU gRMQ sihb ivc Awey nwvW qy QwvW dw koS-mwstr mihqwb isMG ( isMG brdrz,
AMimRqsr)
pRwcIn vwrW qy jMgnwmy- s: SmSyr isMG ASok (is`K ieiqhws irsrc borf, AMimRqsr)
is`K imslW dw ieiqhws- is`K imSnrI kwilz, luiDAwxw)
ik`sw pUrn Bgq- dOlq rwm
pMjwb dw ieiqhws- sr muhMmd lqIP
jMgnwmw isMGW qy PrMgIAW- Swh muhMmd
legends of the punjwb- sir Recherd tampel ( language dept. pun.)

jiqMdr AOLK: dI jld Cp rhI kwiv pusqk

qlwS...
guAwc igAw hW mYN
iksy qlwS ivc
sUcnw dyx vwLy nMU
ienwm ‘c imLygI
qlwS...

91