Example

Solving the same above problem for vertically immersed surfaces.

Solution

3m 1.5 m

C B

2m

D
C’ A
4m

𝐹∆ = 𝜌𝑔. ℎ𝑐 . 𝐴

2 1∗2
𝐹∆ = 9810 ∗ [1.5 + ( ∗ 2)] ∗ [ ] = 27.7𝑘𝑁
3 2
𝐹⊡ = 𝜌𝑔. ℎ𝑐 . 𝐴

𝐹⊡ = 9810 ∗ (1.5 + 1) ∗ (2 ∗ 3) = 147.15𝑘𝑁

𝐹𝑇 = 𝐹∆ + 𝐹⊡ = 27.7 + 147.15 = 174.94 𝑘𝑁

𝛪𝑐
ℎ𝑐𝑝 − ℎ𝑐 =
𝐴ℎ𝑐
1∗(2)3
𝛪𝑐 2
ℎ𝑐𝑝Δ = + ℎ𝑐   = 1∗2
36
2 + [1.5 + ( ∗ 2)] = 2.911 𝑚
𝐴ℎ𝑐 ( 2 )∗[1.5+(3∗2)] 3

3 ∗ (2)3
𝛪𝑐 12
ℎ𝑐𝑝⊡ = + ℎ𝑐   = + 2.5 = 2.633 𝑚
𝐴ℎ𝑐 (6) ∗ (2.5)

Taking the moments about water free surface,

1
𝐹𝑇 ∗ ℎ𝑐𝑝 = (𝐹 ∗ ℎ𝑐𝑝 )Δ + (𝐹 ∗ ℎ𝑐𝑝 )⊡

174.94 ∗ ℎ𝑐𝑝 = (27.7 ∗ 2.911) + (147.15 ∗ 2.633)

ℎ𝑐𝑝 = 2.675 𝑚

To find the lateral position of c.p

𝑥𝑝 =? , ℎ𝑐𝑝 = 2.911 𝑚

𝑥𝑐𝑝𝛥 ℎ𝑐𝑝 − 1.5

=
0.5 2
𝑥𝑐𝑝Δ = 0.353 𝑚

3
𝑥𝑐𝑝⊡ = = 1.5 𝑚
2
Taking moments about the axis, C-C’

𝐹𝑇 ∗ 𝑥𝑐𝑝 = (𝐹 ∗ 𝑥𝑐𝑝 )⊡ + (𝐹 ∗ 𝑥𝑐𝑝 )Δ

174.94 ∗ 𝑥𝑐𝑝 = (147.15 ∗ 1.5) − (27.7 ∗ 0.352)

𝑥𝑐𝑝 = 1.2 𝑚

2
Example
For the trapezoidal gate shown below, calculate the moment about the hinge line
to keep the gate closed.
Solution

1.1 m 2.7 m

1.5 m 1.5 m

1.2 m

𝐹𝛻 = 𝜌𝑔ℎ𝑐 . 𝐴
1.5 ∗ 1.5
𝐹𝛻 = 9810 ∗ (1.1 + 0.5) ∗ ( )
2
𝐹𝛻 = 17658 𝑁
𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 = 𝜌𝑔ℎ𝑐 . 𝐴
 = 9810 ∗ (1.1 + 0.75) ∗ (1.2 ∗ 1.5)
 = 32 667.3 𝑁
𝐹𝑇 = 𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 + 𝐹𝛻
 = 17658 + 32667.3
 = 50 325.3 𝑁
𝛪𝑐
ℎ𝑐𝑝𝛻 = + ℎ𝑐
𝐴ℎ𝑐

1.5∗(1.5)3

ℎ𝑝𝛻 = 36
1.5∗1.5 + 1.6 = 1.678 𝑚
( 2 )∗1.6
3
 𝛪𝑐
ℎ𝑐𝑝⊡ = + ℎ𝑐
𝐴ℎ𝑐

1.2∗(1.5)3
ℎ𝑐𝑝⊡ = 12
(1.2∗1.5)∗1.85
+ 1.85 = 1.9513 𝑚

𝐹𝑇 ∗ ℎ𝑐𝑝 = (𝐹 ∗ ℎ𝑐𝑝 )⊡ + (𝐹 ∗ ℎ𝑐𝑝 )∇

ℎ𝑐𝑝 = 1.8554 𝑚
𝑀 = 𝐹𝑇 ∗ (ℎ𝑐𝑝 − 1.1)
𝑀 = 50 325.3 × (1.8554 − 1.1)
𝑀 = 38.0155 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

Moment of Inertia of Common Areas

4
Force on Submerged Curved Surfaces
The resultant force on curved surface can be obtained by the determination of the
horizontal and vertical components (i.e., FH and FV).

Consider the free body diagram (F.B.D) of the liquid contained in the space ABC,
the force equilibrium gives:

∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
Liquid

𝐹𝐵𝐶 − 𝐹𝐻 = 0

𝐹𝐻 = 𝐹𝐵𝐶
C A
Or 𝐹𝐻 equals to the force on the projection of

curved surface AB on the vertical plane BC. B

𝐹𝐴𝐶
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 A
C
w 𝐹𝐻
𝐹𝐵𝐶
𝐹𝑣 − 𝑤𝐴𝐵𝐶 − 𝐹𝐴𝐶 = 0
B
𝐹𝑣 = 𝑤𝐴𝐵𝐶 + 𝐹𝐴𝐶 𝐹𝑣

Since F.B.D
𝐹𝐴𝐶 = weight of the liquid above the surface AC.

𝐹𝑣 = weight of liquid above the surface AB.

𝐹 = √𝐹𝑉2 + 𝐹𝐻2
𝐹𝑉
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
𝐹𝐻

5
Example
Calculate the resultant force on the curved surface AB which is 3m wide.
Solution

𝐹𝐻 = 𝛾. ℎ𝑐 . 𝐴
𝐹𝐻 = (0.8 ∗ 9.81) ∗ (1.5 + 1) ∗ (2 ∗ 3)
𝐹𝐻 = 117.72 𝑘𝑁
𝐹𝑉 = 𝜌𝑔(𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 + 𝑉𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 )
1
𝐹𝑉 = 0.8 ∗ 9.81 ∗ [(3.5 ∗ 2 ∗ 3) − ( ∗ 𝜋𝑟 2 ∗ 3)]
4
𝐹𝑉 = 90.84 𝑘𝑁
1.5 m

𝐹 = √𝐹𝐻2 + 𝐹𝑉2 = 148.695 𝑘𝑁

2m
𝐹𝑉
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 2m
𝐹𝐻
𝜃 = 37.64𝑜