y amuglL CocatErie—Asan 7 q ABETIFI PRESBY COLLEGE OF EDUCATION ABETITPRESBY COLLEGE OF EDUCATION LANGUAGES DEVARTMENT (GHANAIAN LANGUAGE. UNIT) LEVEL Q 100 DURATION COURSE CODE cours GHANAIAN LANGUAGE & CUL’ TECHNIQUES URE: WRITING takes students through an overview of orthographic issues in the Ghanaian Language, influence of dialects and Foreign languages on the written/standard variant of the rudiment of grammer and morphology, al how these impact on the orthographic of the Ghana Language, Text with orthographic errors will be treated students will be expected to identify the errors, sug © be done. It further guides students writing well-structured essays in the 's and to determine structural accuracy of given writing essay. It will look at 'y, Himphasis will be the main components of the essay such as . major and minor support sentences, Introduction, body the fon) it will also look at the following types"l Gisay: deseriptive/ narratives exPOSUAE! argumentative/debate and letter writing, st LEARNING OUTCOMES the writing of Ghanaian Lang ding of the nature and the content 3h, 30p14 pidersta 2c, 2d, p13, 3a 1. Demonstrate ewriculum NT! 2. Demonstrate understanding of the nature and the content of the Ghanaian Language communication NTS 2c, 2d, p13, 3a, 3e.3h, 30p14 3. Use knowledge of the syntuctic structure of the Ghanaian Language in a communicative dd, p13, 3a, 3¢, 3h, 30p1l4 context. NTS 2 4. Show evidence of mastering in language writing skills in their respective Ghanaian Language NTS 2c, 2d, pt 3e, 3h, 30p14 nd rules respective Ghanaian 5. Demonstrate knowledye and skills in teching principle Language N''S 2c, 2d, p13, 34, 3e, 3b, 30p14 1 essiuy on any given topic NTS 2c, 2d, p13, 34, 3e, 3h, 30p14 6. Write a well-structur_— -Abecrombi Principles of writing Basic Words Division Ryles ‘owels and consonants distribution 7 Singular and plural marke ~/Wowel Harmony and assimilation in writing —PReduplication and compounding in wei Punctuation ~F Punctuation - y writing-paragraph say writing ~ Narrating Descriptive ~ History of the READING LIST Yuke, G.(198S) The Study of Language (Cambridge U (962): Element of General Phonetics Aldine, Chicago — Ladefoged, P.L (1904): A phonetic study of w ages, Cambridge versity Press) African Li Mathews, P.H. (1976): An introduction of the theory of Word, Structure Cambridge University Press, CambridgeSOM ISOSENE “Asst Bir ble” WRITING TECHNIQUES COURSE CODE: EBS 116 a. Ye Ynigyei : _Enne Nnigyei pon a ew> wo kasa mu, na fa enne nnyigyei ahorow du no mu biara hychye ne fa wa apon no so. @. Anedwom. Anim Mfinimnfini Akyi ——+ | (oromup i u Anodwom kakra. (ntomu fa) =a 0 Anobue kakra {mmuse fa) ——S el V > Anobue (mmuae) b. Boba enne nnyigyei ahorow a ewo Akuapem Twi kasa mu a yetumi sesa ko enne nnyigyei kwan so. enne nnyigyci abiesa na etumi sesa, cyinom ne: [e, 0, a] i, [e] no sesa ye [I] ii, [0] no sesa ye [0] iii, [a] no sesa ye [2] c. Kyere Anim nayigyei a ew wo kasa mu (i, 1, €, €] d. Kyere mfinimfini nnyigyei a ewo wo kasa mu [s, a] e. Kyere akyi nnyigyei a ewo wo kasa mu {o, 9, 0, u) f, Kyere esoro nnyigyei a ewo wo kasa mu i, e, &, 0, af . Kyere efam nnyigyei a wo wo kasa mu [I, €, 2, a, 0) h. Kye enne nnyigyei duno nyinaa mu ko anokurvkuruwa ne anotetrete mu. i, Kurukuruwa (0, 9, u, 0}ii, Verete [i hee, ea) i, Kyere enne nnyigyei cyinom: Li, lu, o} (33) Anodwom kakra (ntomn fa) « (i) Avodwom (1tomu) ---+ (iii) Anobue Kakra (mmuae fa) (iv) Anobue (mmuae) -~ a, Kyere enne Nnyigyei a edidi so yi mu biara su, {1} 0) [e] [) [uJ fe] (0) Li) [a] (2) . Kyere dwuma a fa} [u] (i) ne [0] di wa Akuapem Twi kasa mu, fi] soro, tetrete, anodwom, anina OU) - fam, tetrete, anodwom, anim [2] - soto, tetrete, anodwom, kakra, anim {€} - fam, tetrete, anodwom, kakra, anim [2] - oro, tewete, anodwom, kakra, mfinimfini [a] - fam, tetrete, anobue, mfinimfini (5) = fam, kukukuruwa, anobue kekra, akyi fo] = Soro, kukukunnwa, anodwom kakra, akyi {4} - sore, kukukuruwa, anodwom, akyi (o] - fam, kukukuruwa, anodwom, akyi (2] = etumi di asemfua kan ~ [zenim, zn} etumi di asemfua mfinimfini [kwzsi, baabi} (tu) - etumi di asemfua mfinimfini [sukuu, kusuu] etumi di asemfua awiei [mu, okunu} fi) - _etumi di asemfua mfinimfini (onipa, chia} etumi di asemfua awiei [kofi, kwa:si) fo] - etumi di asemfua kan [owu, onipa)ee <& _—— | ctumi di asemfua mfinimfini koko, kookoo} ctumi di asemfua awici [otug, ako} a, Kyerew saa nsemfua ae so yi mu biara wo enne nnyigyei kwan so Ani [xni] ketewa —_[kitlwa] Kabii (kabii) asec [osei] Kwasi —(kwasi] seb [oslbo] Asu {xsu] Ahooden — [ahoodln] ekoo [ekvo} kari (kari) Atade —[atadl) — Anoode —_[anvade] Ntoboase [ntobvasl] Anihaw —_(znihaw] Dkorow — [akvrow] — dhene {ohinl] Ayowa — [ayowa] abayifo—_[abaryifo] Okvafo —[okuafo] —_asibe [esibe] eboro [boro] yere [oyint) Akenkansem (akinkansem] Den ne enne Nnyigyei [vawol] Ntoaso wo Akuapem twi kasa mu? b. kyerekyere akwan ahorow abiewsa a yefa so nya enne nnyigyei ntoaso wo akuapem twikasa mu. c. ma emu biaraho nhweso anana éfata. a. Ene nnyigyei [vawol] ntoaso ye enne nnyigyei a edi enne nnyigyei foforo akyi pee wo asemfua mu anaa enne nnyigyei koro no ara bi akyi a anom nnyigyei [kansonantc} biara nni won ntam wo asennua /asemfua mu , mofiim ahye so anaa nsemfua abien ntam. hweso: [obue] (k2k29} —_[wlaburow} [bra abontIn) b. Akwan ahorow abiesa a yefa so nya enne nnyigyei ntoaso w2 akuapem wi kasa mu ni: i, enne nnyigyei ntoaso ayenya no w) asemfua mu anaa asennua mu.Sheen: (dual [ohia) loro} [sekuy | [Ajey ii, Nea sty oo abien Ne Ente MIYLyes Moa a yenys ne, os miAnin aliyeso, Nhweso: (kal) fall [obwa) fev] [ohu nay sin Mea 11 90 abiewa ne ening MAyigyei tonto yenya ny Nhwssoz (yeaduan] [d9 wbofra) tha abemtln] (Kofi Ase) akutu) 4, Den ne enne nnyigyei year ws akuaper toi kase res, b. kyore bera ahorow anan a yetumi nya sea cane nny Sayed yen twi kasa mu, ©. ma emu biara ho nhurw abien tfata wo ascmfue ru, a. te yeka oe eam nnyipyei yera wo akuapern tui 4. Se yeka ve onne Nnyigyei Year ws Akuapem Twi kes 88, #19 da bi na se yeka nsemm bi ntemnter 9 a, ahaa se neemfus bi hyie 2, ba sc, yetwi fa tnne nnyigyei 4 2ur9 snus no bi so anaa eine nnyigyei no yere, Eno na yika no se, Enne igyei Yera no. faemi}+ (ru) —----- [ko}+[ofie] [asu}+{mu -.. kwan a edi ken a yebetusni enya cone nnya enne nnyigyei yera wa akwapem wi kana mu Ne st,se yede [mu} si asernfua bi akyi 2, ne ta mu no, yeaa wife [u] nog ews [mu] no akyi no ma ekyi no ma eke [m] no nko are Nhweso: day a (fw mu) (eum) [kuro+ mmuy. > [hurom] + sul .. (te Foye 4[een + mn] ----------> (anim) ii. Nea eta so abien no se yenya cane nnyigyel ntoago wo nsemfua nam na se asemifit a eta so abien no wo san nnyigyei eyinom[c,t,2,0) wo ne mflase a, ne kan no,yetwiw fa saa nnyigyci a edi asemfua a cto so abien no ani no anaa yenka koraa, Nhweso: dan {kofi + opoku) {kofi poku] [si + ofie) [si fie] (di ewua) (kylbihin!) (kylbitohlnl) (kylbihinl] {1o+enam] {t9 nam) iii, Nea eta so abiesa no, se yenya edinnsianamu [ml),a ereye adwume se ayefo na cba se ene adeye asem bi a ew ayesic mu hyia a, enne nnyigyei a ews [ml] no mu no year anan yemmp din koraa. Nhwrso: dan [mi] + [afa} -- [ml] + ada) - (m1) + [att] -- {ml} + fat9} iv. Se obi reka Akuapem Twi kasa na se ade (ankasa) si edinnsiananmu a ew2 biakofo kabea a edidi so yi bi mu [ml], [wo] anaa [nv] so dua a, enne nnyigyci a ew9 [mI], [wo] anaa (ono) no akyi no year, yenka koraa. Nhweso: (inl) + [ankasa]---------> {mankasa] --> [wankasa] {wo] + (ankasa] ------~ {onv) + [ankasa] --------> [nankasa] v. Afei se yenya edin bia (a] anaa (ce) di anim na se edi edinnsiananmu a eye adede te se [ml], [nl] anaa (wo) akyi a, enne nnyigyei a ews (ml), (nf) ne [wo) no mu no year, yenka koraa. Nhweso: dan(ml +adaka} 0 ------— > [m’adaka] [wu + akutu] woo [Wakutu] [nl+e@fuw] -----—-- > [n’efuw] {mI + anim) ---> [m’znim] {wo akutu} —> [w'akutu} [ml + akok3]} ------=-> [m’akoka] a. Den ne enne Nnyigyei Biakoye mmara? b. Fa nhweso a efata kyerekyere enne Nnyigyci Biakoye ahorow unin mu, i, eye vawol/enne nnyigyei abien anaa nea eboro saa a ewo ne nyinaa fi ekuw biako pe mu, se ebia, tetrete anaa kuruku (kanka) anaa efam (ankokan), asemfua biako ma, ruwa anaa esoig Eyi kyere se, enne nnyigyei biakoye mmara no, mma kw. a wo esoro ne efam de no anaa enne nnyigyei a, eye tem: niaa mfrafra wo asemfua koro mu. ese se, nnyigyei a ew: ‘an mma enne nayigye, ete ne kurukuruwa no 2 asemfua biako mu no nyinaa fi ekuw biako pe mu. Nhweso: a Tetrete b.Kurukuruwa [ade] [nsuo] [cfie] [kurow] esiw] [opurow} {aeni} {owuc} C esoro/ Kank d. efam/ Ankokan [edwiw] [akvroma} [owvo} (osvre) {suro} [dadle] (Dudo} [bora] [ewoa}a Dine ae rane Nuwignsl Dov winade? J Races ete Nayigyed ahonnw a ctuunt ah assent abyrase, entiniantind ae aivien yo Akaapeny DG Rasa nt fe wets saa SNE ENN TENE VE NEE tees WC NREL WWD aE aviv ma, Ryerew aso antiiat tyes rt Hiatal Wo nese Livan soy leiawedal 4a. Se yea enue niyigyel dhuumadi ana yetepe thyete bahia enne nayigyel atroon dur te ny ibaa tuned hye wo asenntea Wee aarat gyinaben abormw ERNE myigned wand mya wo asemathra nM se ch etait di aserntina kan aninvahyrase, antinintini anaa awiel aby, denne nmvigned tunel di dhenma ahonow abbleset wo asemtua mtininfini enna churn a nsematina awe anna aby Nhwesos Anin Mivindiné Awiel i, [Nod] k at i ii, [Nan) 2 ala nv ii, [ebero] © der 2 se, Eyinom ne [a 6 8 jeune nnyigyel atsia tain ai asenntiaa Kan / anim / abyea wal Ai, erme Nuyigyed dee no nyinaa cunni di agen enginimiad, Eyimon ne (Le ALOT ML Ie] iii, Enne Nnyigyei akront uumui di asrintia awiel: 2.20.0 TY] Byinom ne [i.e e Anim Miinimtini Awiei - [esiw, ofc] [wri] Q- hid] bse] [e]- [esum) [peter] (peel [e]- [ewes] [kev] [ebe] [o}- fowno] _ [kookoo] [koke] w- Gl (bu) tu){a]- [akuru) — [akata) (pra) Io}. 4} [ekvo} (te) (e}- (eni) (okzri] (] fo]- [oyefo} — [bonw) [ta] a. Kyere kwan a ysfa so nya hwenem anom nnyigyei wo Akuapem Tui k Nas, mu b. Kyere hwenem-anom nnyigyei a yenya wo Akuay Pem Twi kagy mu. c. Kyers, hwenem-anom hnyigyei dwumadi wo Akua a. Hwenem-anom nayigyei kyere se, se Yereka saa nn yen hurumum mu reba no nyinaa fa yen-hwenem bere asiw, Pem Twi kasg mu, Yigyei no a mffamg dei 4 anom kwan no ato anga b. Hwenem- ‘anom nnyigyei a yenya wo Akuapem Twi kasa mu nj iN e nyinaa tumi di asemfua anim, se ebia: {mpa], ([nsa], (now ic nyinaa tumi di esemfva mfinimfini, se ebia: ili. Akuapem Twi kasa mu ‘m’ ne ‘n’ nk Thwinin) {apampam] [ahaban} (suban] [m n,n, ny} van), (nyanga) lapampam) [ankass} © ata na etumi twa asemfua 10, Se edia: ii, Ne & Den ne Anom Nnyigyei emu piw ne anom Anyigyei a emu mpiw? b. Ma nnyieyei no mu biara ho nhweso abiesa, c. Fa nsemfua kyerekyere Anyigyei no biara mu. a. ANOM NNYIGYELA EMU Ply Se yeka se anom nnyigyei ia emu piw a, ekw: ‘an a eda dwedweewa no mu no Se eba saa a, mframa 2 Erebesen no ntumi mfa mu waa. Eyi ma mframa nono kyere mu ma nhamanhama no Wosow no mu piw, ana yerepe akyere se, yereka nnyigyei no ka pua ho ye ketekete Nowe¥0: (b, m, J, 8, ms, gy, ay, a dw) ti. Nea emu piwy ho nhweso wo asemfua mu, [mpa] [dedaw] [banky]} [gya‘s] 8b. ANOM NNYIGYEI A EMU MPIW Sc yeka se anom nnyigyei bi mu mpiw a, na ekycre se nnyigyei no ka mu no, nhamahama a esesa yen menem ana yen dwedweewa mu no da ha hwee ma mframa a ercbesen no fa mu waa a, nhhamanhama no nwosow anaa biribiara nsiw no kwan koraa, Se ebia (pJ, [k] b. Anom nnyigyei a emu mpiw ho nhweso: [p, 1, k, h, fs, tw, ky, hy, hw] c. Nea emu mpiw ho nhweso: {papa, hu, twi, sa, kaa, hw} a. Den ne enne Nayigyci a yeka no w9 yen anom (oral vowels) b. Kycrekyere akwan a yefa so ye enne nnyigyei a yeka no wo Akuapem Twi kasa mu. ¢. Kyerew nsemfua anum a yenya enne nnyigyei a yeka no wo yen anom wo mu. a. eye enne nnyigyei a se yereka a, mframa a efi yen hurututu mu reba no nyinaa fa yen anom nko ara a cbi mfa yen hwenemu. b. Se yeka se enne nnyigyci a yeka no wo yen anom a, na yerepe akyere sé, yercka saa enne anyigyci no a, 2kwan a efi menemu ko hwenemu no mu to, enti mframa a efi yen hurututu mu reba no nyinaa fa yen anom nko ara a ebi mfa yen hwenem. ¢. enne nnyigyei du no nyinaa ye nea yetumi ka no w2 yen anom. Eyinom ne [i, Je, £, a, 7, 2, 0, 0, uf Emu biara ho nhweso w2 bsemfua mu: [siw] [ma] [efie) {koko} [petu) — [ekuw] —[otuo}—_[akwan] [bok29) [yen a. Den ne enne nnyigyei a yeb2 yen hwene ka? (Nasalised vowels)re akan w yeh 90 95 Sane nnyigyei a yebo yen hwene ka wo b. Kyerekye! ‘a Rospeti Twi kasa mu. - psenifua anum a yenya enne bbyigyci a yebo yen hwene kaw my, c. Kyerew yen hwene ka ye enne nnyigyci a se yereka a, hwemmg ‘a. enne nnyigyel 9 yeba bata ho, Se ebia, [ta] [si] b. Se yeka se ene navizyel® yebo yen hwene ka a, na yerepe akyere se, enne . es no ye mu no, ekwan a efi yen menemu ebepue yen hwenem ene neq ce alae kakra enti mframs a efi yen ahurututu mu reba no bi 5 ve ‘nomu enna ebi nso fa-yen hwenem bere koro no ara mu. Agyirachyede, yede ma saa nnyigyei yi ne [~] c. Akuapem Twi kasa mu no, enne nnyigyei awotwe na yetumi bo yen hwene ka, Byinom ne (i, 1, &, a, af & 3 8) Se ebia: ") (ff) (pia) i] (si) {ni} fa (ka) [mfa] 0] thi} [si] 0) (td) [ks] (2) [mani] [ma‘di] & (ee) [bényi] Bl (saw) [bdhw) a. Den ne Asensin (Selabolo)? b. Kyerew asensin su ahorow SKASA DWUMADIE: AT FONDLOGY! NE SKASA NAYEHYER, ‘WERE NE HO MMARA FO) 3FA 1 (UNIT 1): MMARA NE NHYEHYEE A EFA ATWERE HO OFA YI NHYEHYEE (UNIT OUTLINE) 10JKASA DWUMADIE: ATWERE NE H JKASA NHYEHYEE © MMARA FND1 36) ' Ne >FA 1 (UNIT 1): MMARA NE NHYEHYEE A £FA ATWE! R oFA YI NHYEHYEE (UNIT OUTLINE) rH 10OFAWA |: Nnianimu: Abakosem a efa kasa no twere ho. OFAWA 2: Twi Kasa Atweredee (Alphabet) ho adesua. OFAWA 3: Mmara a efa asemfua nkyekyemu ho. 2FAWA 4: Mmara fofors binom a cfa atwere no ho. DFAWA 5: Atwere mu agyinahyedee 2hodoo. OFAWA 6: Akwansidee/ mfomso> binom a yehunu wo atwere no ho NNIANIMU (OVERVIEW) Onipa nko ara na Onyankopon boo 2kasa maa no. akasa ye nnyegyee 2 woakeka aboborn a ede nteasec ba. Kasa ahodoo a ew2 wiase yi mu do0s0 are yie na yen adesua yi mu dee, Twi kasa na yede asi yen ani so. okasa biara wo nnezma bia ema no da nso, 2kasa biara wo alweredee a yede twere. Sea atweredee yi gyina ho ma nnyegyeee ahodoo a ew 2kasa no mu. Dee ew2 sé mohy€ no nso ne sé, bere biara yebebue yen ano akasa no, nnyegyees na cba abontene. Saa nnyegyees yi na ekcka bo mu ma yenya nsemfua ahodoo. Sea nsemfua ahodoo yi mu biara nso fra nsemfua kuo bi mu. Saa ofa yi mu, yebehwe atweredes ahodoo a yew W> Twi kasa mu, nnyegyeee ahodoo a yekeka bo mu ne akwan a yefa so twere Twi kase no ma eye akonn2 a ¢s> ani nso. Bio yebesan nso asua nneéma bi afa nsemfua kuo ahodoo no ho. BOTAEE AHODOD ( Objectives) W'adesua a ewo sa ofa yi mu nko awiees no; Na wotumi kyerekyere abakosem a efa Twi kasa twere no ho a. ‘asa atweredee ahodo a yew2 na wotumi bobo din b. Na wotumi kyere Twi k nso. Na wotumi kyere adeyo nsem ne n’ahodoo no nso. d. Na wotumi kyere nsonoee a eda edin nkyerekyeremu ne akyerefoo ntem ne emu biara. c. Na wotumi kyerekyere Edinnsiananmu, Edinakyi Beaee nsemfua ne nkabornudee mu biara su. f, Na wotumi kyerekyere nsem! 2 fua mpaapaemu dwumadie wo Twi kase mu. EHYEE A £FA TWI ATWERE NO HO 11 OFA1: MMARA NE NHY! Abakosom a efa Twi kasa nwere ho °FAWA 1 (Session 1) Nhyenemu: 1.) Twifoo ne Twi kasa no2 Asempatre Ab3foo a wadii kasa no ho dwuma 33 Awvercfoo akunini bi ne dwuma a wodiie 4 Ghanafoo Apiafoo binom a wodii kasa no ho dy § Twi kasa no gyinabere ennc mmere yi mu UMA yie OFAWA LL So ronim nnipakuo ahodo9 a wotete 3man Ghana mu ha? Bobo bj di 7 Ta then Menim se wonkae bi koraa no, wobekae Akanfoo, Se Wonim se nnipakuo baako a wodo9so wo Ghanaman mu ha na ™P0 wokye 5 ae mmienu a, asase a wole so reye aye mu fa, Ghanafog dodoy no man 0 my Akanfoo nso sua Akan kasa no bi esiane ntini a agye wo oman yj 2 ay ip mu no nti. 71 amay Mg So wonim se Akan kasa kura nkorabata titire mmienu? Yeinom ne de Twifos ne Mfantsefoo na woka bom na yefre won Akanfoo. esjane S, yeresua yi gyina Twi kasa so nti, eno na yebeka ho asem titire. Twere 7, “Sag nkorabata ahodoo a wonim no bi din to ha. Ebi ne chefoo? Mantam ben hl ke so wo Ghanaman mu ha? Fa wo dee no toto Twifoo akuo a tdidi seen Akuapem, Akyem, Asante, Bono, Denkyira, Asen, Akwamu, Kwahu, Tailor Wassa. So woate Twi kasa atwere ho abakosem pen? Wotee no Sen? eyez dn ne wotweree saa kasa yi guu nwoma mu? Se moasua biribi afa Aborfoa odie baa Sika Mpoano no ho asem pen? OW hea Nnipa a woka Twi kasa no nyinaa fra Akan mmusuaban titire nson no muSe wohwe nnipa dodoo a woka Twi ne mmoa a Twi kasa de aboa oman yi 2, ng wohunu se edaoso yie. Gyaamani kasa mu benfoo Richard Lepsius tweree wo ne nwoma a Untimm no afe 1863 no mu se: “Twi kasa fra Afrika Mfinimfini kasa hodoo no mu”Saa kasahodoo yi na skyee mu mmiensa de Twi hyee dee edi ken woka no Affica Atoec fam no. Nneemafoo kasa mu abenfoo nso kyere se okase no fraVolta-Comeo kasa hodo> no mu. Wan a woka saa kasa hodoo ¥i ne nnipa a wote Asubonten a”Comeo” a ewo ivory Coast no hyee so de kopem Asubonten Firaw hyee so. 1.2 Asempatre Abofos ne dwumadie Yen nyinaa nim se Asempatre Abofoo(Missionaries) no na ede sukuu adesua bz2 Sika Mpoano (Gold Coast). Asempatre Abofoo a wodii kan bace a woyee adet wo adesua mu no ne Baselfoo no, Wade adesua no bata won adwuma ho seiee wobenya akyidifo> bebree. Saa aborofo yi hunuu se, se won adwuma no ase beim anaase 2manfoo betie won nsempa a efa Kristosom ho a, gye sé wosua 3man no mu kasa no na wode ye adwuma. Wonim asempatre abofoo a wobo2 mmoden wo i ko bi din Twi kasa no twere ne ne sua ho? Kaakae wo tirim hwe se wobekae baako bi di anaa?Wolared minep rio Basel Asrinpatee Atofo> no fine adesua ase we Nkran Ost anny onnigra bake Koo Akuapem Akurapan Woyee adwuma mfer pian na 9 mpo. Wade botoe Nana Addo Dankwa | ana sata bere ho ye Okuapehene ani Nana maa wotce aser se se wobrtumi ama nkursfo no asta ‘fwia kenkan dee a, ogve di se ebeyr yi. Wotce Kiwasinda sukun a, mpanimfos nko ara nn woke det Mfer mmitnsa a cali kan to der akasn no nko ara na wasuacr. rfl rafer enan reko no der borofo na wade yre adwuma 1.3 Asempatre Abofo> Atwerefoo Akunint bi ne dwuni a wodlle So woate 999f09 H.N.Riss, J.A Christaller, 9s9f09 David Asante, 989/09 Berkoc Palmer, ne 2sofoo D.E Akwa din pen? Yeinon ne adikanfoo a yetaa kac won wo ‘Twi kasa twere ne ne sua ho. Dee odii kan suaa Twi kasa no na stwerece ne osfoo HN Riis. Basel asempaire kuo a rsomaa 9s9fo9 Riis baa Sika Mpoano afc } 845 se ommeka asempa no nyaa adwenc bi se, chia se Twi kasa sua ka anim. Riis san ko9 ne kurom no odaa osuahunu a snyaa wo Twi kasa no ho kyeree 9sof09 J. G. Christaller. Hwan ne J.G Christatler? oye akasa mu abenfoo a Base) Asempatre kuo no somaa no se ommeboa Twi kasa twere ne ne sua. obeduruu Akuropon 1853 mu na odii mfce nsia wo ho no, na wasua Twi ko anim yie ana lumi twere mpo. Wonyaa Twifoo bi ma woboaa no pa ara. Saafoo no bi ne 9s2for David Asante , Bekoe Palmer ne D.E. Akwa. Afe 1871 mu na J.G Christaller kyeree Twere Kronkron no nyinaa ase k9 Twi kasa mu. Afe 1874 mu Christaller tweree Twi Nsemfua Nkycreasee Nwoma (Twi Dictionary) na afe 1875 adaa fofors a ekyere Twi Kasa Nhychyece (Twi Grammar). 9699 mmaden boaboaa Twi mme ahodo> 3600 ano de guu krataa so afe 1879 mu, Nwoma ahodoo a ne bere so akyerre asec koa Twi kasa mv ne Twere Kronkrom (871) Asomafoo Nnwuma(1859) David Nrwom ne Mmebusem( 1864) Ne nwoma pii mu no, 2699 mmoden kyeree Twi kasa no su, ne Twifoo amannee ahodos ase. Afei dee se woahunu st na Baselfoo Asempatre abofoo no ani ku Twi kasa twere ne ne sua ho, 1.4 Ghanafoo Apiafoo wo Twi kasa (were ne ne sua ho Wobrkae Ghanafoo a won nso wobetoaa saa aborofo yi dwuma yi so? Ghanani ben na wo Twi adesua mu no wokae se watwere Twi nwoma pi. Wobetumi abobo nnipa yi bi din ne nwoma a wotwerece no? Se woate Owura C.A Akrofi din wo wo Twi adesua mu pen? oye kokuromotie a yensiane ne ho mmo p2 wo Twi atwere ne ne sua ho. 2no na enam ne so maa aborofo ne dwuma pii a wodiie no pii anyera no de ne nwoma a edi kan “Lidia ne Margaret no too dwa afe 1935 mu Afei otweree “Twi Kasa Mmara afe 1937 mu na afei nso sboaboaa Twi mme apem ano wo ne nwoma “Twi Mmebusem"no mu. Afe 1958 mu no Akrofi tweree Twi Nsem Nkorenkore. Aksofi dwama a odiie no adansee wo ho nne na nncemafo2 ntumi nkwati ne nwoma ahodos no na wonsua Twi kasa no. Yei di adansec se C.A Akrofi beyce bi. 9s2foo David Asante nso tweree ne nwoma oie. » afe 1874 mu. Bio 9san twere ne nWoma “Okie. ie Nsemansema afe 1912 mu. Owura Christian pat Wantys ne “Wi mut kontaabuu Kyere afe 1872 mu. Basel Asempatre We Twi Kase me us Opoku N Asare, Peter Hall, N.Clerk neN, Aworct® "Oban Asie boo mu tweree nwoma a edidi so yi: Mmotafowa, Kristosom pe Wokag Neristof0 Senkekafo>, Twi Kenkan Nhoma dee edi kan i355 qm, mmiensa. Apiafoo a woaboa ama Twi kasa yi atu mpon yj 4 te 8 55 R.O.Danso, Jd. Adaye, J.B. Dankwa, Edwin Efa, EN. Safo, Phin Nketia,2sofo Gyasi Nimako, Thomas Yao Kani, Krakye Dente ne Kwasi Bane 10, 1.5. Twi Kasa no gy! Twi kasa twere ak anima yie dee nanso se wohwe kanefoo no ahosepe a dij kasa no twere ho dwuma na wode toto enn€ dee ho a na ens9 anj hora, st ofa yi mu yebehunu mmoa ahodoo a aban de ama Twi kasa twere , ekug ah aa a woye kasa no twere ho adwuma ne akwansidee a ma yen Idomakyeder nnyini na inmom ét9 ape. 2mén yi nya ne Fawohodie no Nkrumah ahyehye peemu a oyeeee no bi ka Twi kasa twere ne ne sua ho. Aban no hwe tee ekug bi afe,1951 mua won dee ne se wobetwere nwoma wo Ghana kasa hodoo mu, Mmoa a yeanya no nnansa yi bi ne se yen asuapon.no nso bi reye okasa no sua ne a kyere ho adwuma( U.G , UCC, UEW, KNUST). ha na akyerekyerefoo a Wope s€ wonya won kasa no ho nimdee kogye ntetees. inabere enne mmere yi enne mmere yi nso wobstumi abob> won nso a woagye din wo Twi twere ne cho mpensempensemu dwumadie mu? Saa nnipa yi bi ne Abenfoo a wodidi soo yi: Lawrence Addai Boadi, Florence Abenaa Dolphyne, Andoh Kumi, Kofi Agyekum, Okofo Asenso, Kwabena Asubonteng, Nana Amma Wiafe Akenteng,K.K Saah, Kofi Afoakwa Sikafoo ne pii nso a wokeka ho. Akwansidee bebree si won a woredi Twi kasa twere no ho dwuma no akwan mu a emma kasa no nnuruu dee anka ese se eduru. Dee edi kan no, eye yen fere se yebeka yen kasa no badwam. Se wotumi poto borfo kasa no a, na wone ‘Agyeman’. Woka Twi turodoo a borofo kasa nfrafra mu a, wonkoo baabiare ma mpo nnipa nhunu sé woanya sukuu mu nteteee biara. Yen asuaee ahodod no so ahwefoo no nso di fo saa ara. Mpen pii no wonam akwanmmone so si 2manfo9 @ wope sé wsua kasa no kwan mma wonnya anigyee biara se wobesva kasa no. Won a wohwe Ntoasoo sukuu yi mu pii so nso mma ho kwan se asuafoo no ka Twi kasa ana yen mman yi mu kasa no bi wo sukuu no mu. Yerentumi nlwere akwansidee yi nyinaa wo ha.Wo nso bo mmaden se wobehwehwe akwansidet ahodoo yi bi ne akwan ahodoo a yebefa so asi yeinom ano.Cofisails 82 3e @vumadie 3) =v? =e wp Twi kasa ne De Sua DO JWI ATWEREDEE NO Session 2 2 Gade oo yekyeree cae Se These pnyeEvert be akess biera bo WD mneema Gna mavegyesé 2EWD skes2 po mp SO. aie no znza yeke no Do, $32 274 BF prweredes NO ve G yie efi se anwere mApases na eye mnyegyeet ane kam no anom mm 5 A emma miama a efi ym shrawaSaa konsonant yi na se yede vawol bi bata ho a, yetumj bi ma eto asom yie. Se ebia: bo, da, fa, 2, hu Di thy, "aay s ’ a ie Wo nso bo mmoden fa saa konsonant atwereder yi mo a : u ma entd asom. Twere na san bo edin i Hara yp. \ ma yentie. Dee £9 a8enfag hn yede atweredce baako pe na agyina ho ma no, Dee edi so S0r0 yj ying. ky atweredee mmienu gyina ho ma no, 8 Yebeh ye Yea, 2.2 DIAGRAPS-ATWEREDEE MMIENU GYINA Sedee madi kan akyere mu dada no, yew konsonant bi ws h mmienu gyina ho ma no. Yetumi keka anom ntwerece yj bine Yede Atierey nnyegyeee baako. Ntwereee ahodo> mmienu na yeka 63 mu bobs my fe had baako na bere biara ekyere. Akwan mmienu so $4, nanso nay, 3 = na yenam ye yej_p,,,. Yeve: se yede ‘y’ batak, g, h,ne nhoma eye: ky,gy,hy, ne hyseang Dee ed fang Ky: kye kye kyini Gy: egya gye gyina Hy: hye hye hyira Ny: nya nyem nyini Dee eto so mmienu ne se yede ‘w’ batak, h, n ,tnedho ma eye kw, hw iwne dw ee Nhwesoo: Kw: okwan nkwa kwaee kwasi Hw: hwan hwe hwim ahwehwe Nw: nwono nwini mwanwa so nwura Tw: twa twe twen twere Dw: adwe edwom adwuma. — edwa Bio, eniaa mma sé konsonant nnyegyeee no bob> so gye s€ ebia dee edi Kan no ye “m” anaa “n”; etumi ba se mmienu no ye r se ebia Sre kra pra preko prako Sra bras mframa Wo ara hwehwe saa nsemfua yi bi ka ho na twere gu wo nwoma muonant distribution) 2.3. Konsonant Dwuniadie: (co nn? Enti wogye di se saa konsonant 4 a wogye Se yeka se konsonant dwumadie a wote as : s t f (i 5 aa nso 1 atweredce yi nyinaa na ebetumi ahye asemfua bi as 2 So ne yee Ta wo krataa 0a di se ebetumi atwa asemfia (0 anaas aba asemfua bi awiece: i ‘eave biar® twere nsemfua bi hwe sedee ne dwumadie si tee, EYE nokwasem a aky' ani ho se ne nyinaa betumi abs asemfua mfimfini. ni ahye asemfua asc BY¢ yenhwe mfatoho a edidi so> yl. P oye sé ‘tT’ nko semfua Ahyzase: Konsonant no nyinaa betur By | ‘ara na erentumi nni saa dwuma yi bi, Momma ere bra, do, fam, gu, home, kan, Jnore/laya, mpa, nom pam, suro, twa, Wu, ¥ . : ee * i ase. ye me se wotweree asem bi te Se treko’ kyere se ‘r’ betumi ahye asemi Ss nye nokore saa! Asem ‘reko* nye asemfua baako. ‘re? y& nsianimu ma a a asem ‘ko’ no. Akyire yi se yesua biribi fa nsianimu ne nsiakyire hoa, wobete ase! yie. So woanya asem foforo bi" betumi ahyé asce bio? Ko so ara bisa na ye nhwehwemu w ho. worentumi mfa Asemtfua Awieee: Adee baako a €w> Twi konsonant ho ne sé, betumi de atwa saa atweredee yi nsisi nsemfua awicee; emu mmiensa pe a wol nsem to ne ‘m’, ‘n’, ‘w’, sé ebia efam edom anuanom — hwim komm odan edin Onyankop2n hwanyan — dinn pow (Ak) etow(Ak) _yiw(Ak) tew(Ak) —_ paw(Ak) sow(Ak) Se asemfua bi firi kasa foforo mu deg a, E> da bi a, yetumi de konsonant nnyegyeee sé ebia */I/ twa too: Nhwesoo bool, vawol ne ade. So atweredee *r’ betumi atwa asemfua bi to wo Twi kasa mu? Dwendwene ho na ma yenhunu ho nhweso2 binom. Fante kasa mu dee atweredee ‘1° tumi twa to (fer, fir) nanso Twi mu dee memnya nhunuu bi, Woanya bi a, fa to dwa na yen nyinaa mpensempensem mu. Obi maa nhwesod bi se ‘woboo kirr(kirididi) ko kuro no mu”, Saa asemfua kirr yi ye ‘kirididi’ na waka afa so na adane ‘kirr’. Dee edi ho bio ne sé, konsonant dwumadie mu no, ntweredee ‘m’ ne *n’ ho hia yie. Yede kyere dodoo kabea, dabi kabea, na afei nso ekyere konsonant ahodo> a me no nante, Saa ntweredee mmienu yi biara si asem bi mfitiasee o, esi mfinimfini 0, wontumi mfa nsi ntweredee foforo biara ho kwa. Se ebia: ‘mdi ‘b’. ‘f,? ‘m,’. ‘p’ anim anaase ene saa atweredee yi na enante. Nhwesoo: mframa, mfotee; mpanimfoo, mpa;, mma, mmaaesiane sé 2kasa mu bere biara a ‘m’ ne ‘b? be Ayia no ‘Twi atwere ho mmara se: ‘mb’ dane ‘mm’ se ebia Yeka ng « Mbofra — mmofra, mbaaa — mmaa we Dee eto so mmienu ne se yede ‘n’ di d,g,h, k Qf konsonant atweredce yeinom na enante: Hwe nhw, nhwehwemu, nkwan, nsa, ntoma. nam se ‘nd’ pn: Et ¥% bi te se n-di = nna, n-di= nni, ndo=nno. Saa ara 70 na ede nn Yew ne, igo, nw ne tw anim, Bo mmoden se wobetwere saa nhwesoo yi bj dw, hy f dodoo sen na wonyace? Saa nhwesoo yi bi betumi aye edin ey bs Nhe a » Adeye a, Nase »S GY anim Anaase « #509 ahodoa aed ae © neg SO dane ‘nn? "Say 45.8 dabi kabea. Momma yenhwe dee edidi soo yi. n-hwe, n-kwa, n-nwa, — n-twa. esiane se ‘ndw’ dane ye ‘nnw’ nti, yews nsem bi te se n-dwom= dwuma = nnwuma. = rs * Dee etwa too ne se ‘n? di ‘gy,’ ‘hy’, *ky’, ‘ny’ anim anes eye enante bo mu. Di kan twere nhwesoo no bi to ho. Wonyaa dodos sen? jieon na mmienu bi nka dee woanya no ho. * Ma memfy n-hye, n-kyerekyere; n-yina. eha nso esiane se ‘ngy’ dane ye ‘nny’ nti asemfua te se n-gyedua dane ye nnyedua, n-gyesoo = nnyesoo. 12 bj Bo mmoden asa se wobehwehwe saa nhwesoo yi bi aka ho. Ne Dfabo mu nese ‘m’ ne ‘n’ ye ntweredee bi a eho hia yie wo atwere dwumadie mu. Se wotumi ‘c saa atweredec mmienu yi di dwuma yie a, mfornso2 a woyt wo atwere mu no so bete koraa. Se ebia worentwere nsemfua bi te ndwom, msohwe ne pii a ekeka ho. é: ahenfic, nfic, mbofra, ase Dee yede abesi yi nyinaa ye konsonant ho adesua. Yehwee konsonant ho alweredes no nyinaa ne ne dwuma ahodod a edi. Bio nso wobstumi akyere nsonoce a eda konsonant a yede atweredee baako gyina ho ma no ae dee yede atweredee mmienu gyina ho ma no. Dwumadie: Bua nsemmisa a edidi so yi nyinaa. (1) — edeen ne konsonant? K yere mu tiawa. (2) Konsonant gu mu ahodoo mmienu. Kyerekyere yeinom mmienu mu. (3) Twere nsemfua bi a kansonant nnyegyee no toa so mmiensa, (4) edeen ne konsonant dwumadie? K yere mu tiawa. Fa nhwesoo a edi mu si w'asem yi so tadua (3) Nsemfua sen na erumi twa asemfua to wo Twi kasa mu? Ma baako bia he nhwesoa (6) Konsonani nnyegyece sen na etumi di asemfua kan?2..4 Vawol Nnyegyeer (Vowel Sounds) Adesua a etwaa mu no, yehwee konsonant nnyegyeee. enne adesua yi der yebehwe biribi afa vawol ho, Konsonant adesua mu no, yekaa sé eye nnyegycee bi a se yereka a mframa a efiri ahrawa mu reba bo ntumi mpue waa. Se yei Ye konsonant anaase anom nnyegyece a, na edeen ne vawol anaase enne nnyegyece? Vawol nnyegyece ne nnyegyece a ne ka mu no mframa a éfiri nnipa yafuau ne n’ahrawa mu reba no pue waa a biribiara nsi no kwan. enam sei nti na yetumni twe mu pa ara no. Twifoo vawol no ye nson na yeinom na edidi so9 yi: a e € i ° 2 u ka ke ke ki ko ko ku fa fe fe fi fo fo fu sa se se si so sd su Atwere yi ye nson dee nanso ne ka mu no dee eye nnyegyeee edu, atweredee yi mu mmiensa a eye /a/ /e/ /o/ ma yen nnyegyece mmienu mmienu. Yei ho nhwesoo nie: a i €a9 — €asa, amad eao — exsuo,ani,karia Yenya ead yi bere a vawol a edi /a/ soo no wo atweredee /i/, /u/ anaase /o/. Momma yenhwe nhwesoo ahodoa a edidi soo yi: Ani - exnia prako eprakoo Apau - eapxud mako emakod Adumfa -eadumfad akyir eakyire> Kari - ekaerio ayie ewyied Atweredee ‘e’ nso ma yen nnyegyeee mmienu Jel << ovea- epefeen, eketeo— eketekeo oN e19 eefiea ena ekumasid ‘Atweredee “0” nso ma yen nnyegyeer ahodo2 mmienu yeinom ne Jol << €09- ekookooa — ekofidepietod “NA eYo- ahYdwYo ekYKY eosYnYo Fa nhweso> ahodoo kyerekyere dee yeaka ho asem yi mu. Seesei dee yereka nyinaa ne se Twifoo wo nnyegyece edu na mmom atweredee nson na yede yedaadaa anwere. Mmiensa a aka no des yentwerre na mom pnyegyece adwuma 3 na yede ka ho. m Vawol Dwamadic Vawol mayegyers anaase one bnyegyeee M tumi di dy Jonsonant nso tut di dwuma ahodoo no. Atwere mu dee nn abod, k hye asemfua ase. Saa vawol enum 7 2 va Yreee no mu enum 03 emumi = Momma yemfa nhwesoo a edi mu kyerekyere saa asem simu vie nam, eto, SEN, WO, E10, EMO etire, etuo, esie, ekuo e = > - shene, dan, 2baa, 2WO, Ikra, Dhohoo o - okusie, onipa, odwan, offe, opuro, ofui ao: assem. aboa, aduane, abofra, ani Dee st so mmienu no, sea atweredes nson yi nyinaa tumi ba asemfina sedes phweso9 2 €w soro no di ho adansee no. Yei des yebenyz nhwe, fiti asee twere bi gu ho. Dee stwa too no, saa vawol atweredes nson no nyinaa nso tumi we as Hwe saa pono a ewo asec ha yi na fa nsemfua bi hyeh mmiense hyehye ekuo biara ase. Yee mm Fe nsec | Vawol | Mfitiases | Mfinimfini TAwiees © Bd mmod. eT SE Wode vawe biho awol nnyegyeee yi bi de aye nsemfua biara a wo a wee Bi bebatabata konsonant nnyesper 3VINER ONE (SESSION J) SWAW ACY Session 1) NSEMEUA NY KVEMU HO MMAIA Seder yradh Kan asia dada no, akasi ye wnyeryooe ukuloe t youkeka abobom A ave meager My Se wove akasa bi lon a, ranee Wotuni hyehye mina wo he ay ekyere seder wank no, atta wanwers na. Twi kasa kit kit) ahodor a Womgye ne Kabea ato aii wo aman yi Mee he ntl eho nso wo rman sedee Horio kas hse ho wo mman ho, Woakyekye Tid Kasim me nsemfine no mine akno, ety da bi WSO a Wohwere ebiara sedee eter, na ety da bi nso a, wotwere eblnom bo mu ntl Yebehye anwere ho mmara no one nmionu: nsemfia a wotwere ba minne der wate nla. Se wotumi saa saa mmara ahodos yi a ebebow ama woatuml alwere Twi ylo a Worenhyia shaw bian, Se wokae saa mmara ahodoy yi bi? Ka rimara yi baake pe ho asem kyere me, Momma yeahwe moara a efi nsenifina a yetwere bo mu ho, SU ayefoo ne adeye L Mimara a edi kan wo yei ho ne se: Twerr Edinnsiananmu (gyefo9) ne adeye (asem no dua no) nsianimune nsiakyire nyinag bone, em no dua no Nhwexoa: mefa, mefie, merebefa, menkofite, merenkofa, Adeye 1 ne “fy 2: (i) Mefa akoma no okyena (ii) Merekofy akoto edan no mu. (iii) Menkafi nneema no mekyere wo? {iv) Wott a metwe w’aso. (v) Menkofaee enti twen kakra, Twere edinnsianannju (gdede) BAAKOFQo kabea (me, wo, ne) ne edin a edi gnim no bo mu. Se i na edi edin a edi gdinnsiananmu no akyi_pex_no_a,enne: Aya “e’ ne ‘o’ a ew edinnsiananmu no mu, na fa ogya nsenkycrenne (*) hye anan mw_ na twere nsemfua no bd mu. M’agya (me agya) - M/agya akye me agyapadce Wade (wo ade) - Ye wadee ntem iii, N’asem(neasem) — - Wope n’asem yie iv. Mfadaka (me adaka) — M’adaka no abubu gosogos3 Twere Edinnsiananmu BAAKOFOO kabea ne ‘ankasa’ nso bo mu a ogyaw nsenkyerene biara nnim. Mankasa (me ankasa) - Mankasa na meyeee Wankasa (wo ankasa) - Wankasa bra ij, | Nankasa (ono ankasa) - Ma nankasa ns> nhweve camusgmmantny US ANTE ANTAL RE NG Pwery CXR Ne esa Nak aise Was vise tN ee New ete Wiee rte . A Neo ews ra nic nena ie oe BO! aun ca capaci ay NO RE AS ASTANA AT NY no man Sy Ve Naa ahanss tan ogawamme We 8 AAS. >. . » a x gad () Mave we NAD shQves tH ho » Lo Masrasss As 0 WAR ¢ sxnY ne ant ~ i Od yam (ian) ~ ODiara noua vata 4 AS 2 ere cehar) ~ Etars ye na ven abi + ara (birtara)- Mews birtdiant he aalwen pay Rats * am (dsabiam)- onnni wars baabians SY, SS) “ye, wan? a wartua ne Tawa sy to Np aestoenise sae’ bo ma, ase - are Rott bho sw ~ mre Wa des no se Yee - Yere no betena ST AMINA Na chyes Ayre) nyinaa bo mu sy asrmtia Wee: ay dis ay ns Nawssoar Osiken, Asemefia, Agyanemn, h okyerhrertin, WEEN ne ak =} cae S os SF aseni no dia ne. 0 nim anaa ne nstakyire, Ne semua, Vetami ka Edin baako pe. Momma yanks: Sa nhweseo vi: a adwa = Sikadw nteman Wo a o38 = Onuabaa: Omuatia how Gs} 2darims— — sbabarima: obabarima ho bia tw) wwene mmra ae Ko so ara tu no fo na sbegyae Ko so: e vo nso ba mmoden se wobetwere bi agu wo nwoma mo, Yeinom nso d99s0 a udes bi nso na yepe se yede ye okasamu a, yete won ntam, Se yenya akonta! Nhweso: Baak Momma mu mmaako mmaako Mmienu: Mmoa bi nante mmienv mmiena nan: 2kyee won nkosua €nan enan. Edin nsem bi nso a yetim no nso yete edin nsem ahodoo no ntam. Momina yenhwe sa nhwesod yi: i, Maakye: Anopa dee wote ara ne maakye maakye ii Nsuo: Nkwan no ye nsuo nsuo iii, | Nkyene: Nsuo no ye nkyene nkyene Se yenya adeye asem bi nso na yepe sé yetim a, yetwere te won ntam. Mebisa no bisae, bisae, bisae nanso wanka i Kasa: okasae, kasae, kasae ma 3fonoo obiara ce bem venmntess nantee, nantee, nanso yeannuru da Pa len se wode saa adeye nsem yi bi beye akasamu ma nteases ada Bis Bio, se yen Si i yénya nsemfua bi a ene nnyegyeee se (onomatopoeia words) na etoatoa so @ yele Won ntam wo Dkasa mu, i Pen; . n, Kwame bubuu dua no mu pen pen.& Ke - Neug no sos do =a ke - Te ecesietn ne asm “ wregeres ae ho = Wooe oot bo won So AE ves — % Yet - Yate Teerr o¢isanmoon ne asm Gee" aro se ae yee dee Sqeeoces ne Rhoades Ao Tae SESS TE awersho &2 ee da Owusore da bra ds Nkwagyes d2 Nkaes da afehye da. i Wukuada ve me kre ds a Owusores da ye Kwasiada Se yenya asem *mu’ ng dhyig yobe Ayerstha, ystwerr i ream, Sa nse ‘S. Anigyes mu awerehoo mu obre mu Ahometes mu ahomeka muasouniwoer me (i) Anigyes mu a, awerrhoo mio, Ghanao none wT bre mu na mede absdant mo nkysn yt {iii) Asomdwoes mu na ive ne Wan beret, Dee edidi so9 yi nso ye edin ne nkyerekyeremu a Woagye SMO Diane to er WO Twi kasa mu se asem haako:@ehone, sash De, axthrs, NSE. Ones Petes 5 adckyers. nsekudic. kyewpa, aksden agy . ” Sn. SOW nokorede. 4T r 4 Twers adeye asem ne asemfus ys" bo m m we = anve X: 32 0 te : YE NOSE UN menays 2 W3 Bhaes VEE De ang = ar 2 ve = aoe gy : - asove Agveman anve ds = Shys Cua BO Bove wm oye = atoye: Oduro naye a’ader 00 ato Wwe nades 20 aioye Neg eno he na wops, yei angest eno? Kansese 0st *» gprenzz bobom 2 x € 2 asuo One oprans2 bobem 2 merensse: mip Kampese - Wanhwe manim mp 22 kampess wabys te ° = 6 Edinasemane nkyerskyereme qumi ke b> mu m2 no dase ve berma nhwesad. Wo nso hwehwe yie nanso kekra bi a2 yece phenksses: “Asantehene ye oheakese omaapenin: >manpenin bebe ke 2kyens wbone: duaponwe: agobone: asenkeses: sukuupon: Sukuupon 2 e2y pkommods: ade nkommode 2 £33UNIT ONE SESS WEA 8 OME DG FOFIR D RINT USE A AR DEREW HO fowe & mens tte cin orhwerr cmenene dy dnp erwers ce he Viceuat st veberwers poet te ete steas, aig eth pan wes toy me erearger ene ores Sie wolbs eumaden: fis cen memare chewte sine choke aes gee aecateens swans vie a mfemson gn Ay ao arp abwes stwers ne Re mumars: ref Mime pteedo e ote cup cde o> he si me Bathodier me doden Rake, nooo mbabehe mvensineienee se ecemedr 42 NK ARIAT (Compounding) Tes marenfin ee me Sep fe ap weedy an en, on! frente wo be bat eotemee shudin ime oa veskeRa ado mu Sas Pe ne are vente eis o> are mma orrs vernhunu os eye naemft 3 Nbureey » Memes efe = ahemfe Awe aan tty) Ades © aua- adesus Ws Bo © etter = ah site Ds ebe se sereke asrminus bi whah em a vite gyone abyehyer seronko by so na we alwer: ne ha evenaa ms ea mbyeberd 99 bs we onme Nayegyers haakoye mimafa, navegver: kur) @ cme mae Gente 2 he ete a hela ba rd) Aan RO WOH @ Wx) bem fwor sem bane MO gvinee EMRE MAVegverr Raakove MMaa a) ha we Cogms Ghshame po Minow yenhwe wa thoes ahah) © a Bo > cure = aboure 4 sbunre Aun + bu ° u Gduan ? fi Ween * ocean Oe Ger & * peke a 7 fy > ehutuo * atotad Se vehwe qhwese shade a €wo sary 91 6. yeu pefce sf waa haalgys mmars D) oo Ha Wade tworeey Vawal amyegpere 2 fe> ESTETua 3 ety sO Mh ho anya Qsunsuansod Wo vawal noegece 2 wD asemfua 2 et) 3 Mmieny AO Ver at na watweres abatire na sumo oe abode ao woul asyegyere a fin Kank? kao (advanced) mo mu ew. asrenfua adwenmn ow pines Des 1) so maueny ne stwertoo m gyinaa ayankofa a ddeda anyegneey be atamt fie Bogs shad so Dacice Qhablam. Gemalva Ras Vead ban sha © ofaeal mw fu ot alveredes @ neo wo atwcn der inom 8 wone won namie bom mam xna nnso ne konsonant ne pna mante nef bm eres nsemfua by ve vei boa ma WH Nhweso? A Asem + di = asenme * asermie ty Kon 4po= komp? : konpo v| ghene + efie = ahemfie ahenfie fe sem + ka= asenka * asenka : 5 * owenfoo awen +fo = 2wemfod | enye daa nyinaa nam di fantm wo atwere ime ous hye wo soro ho. Momma yenhwe ahwesey 5 ae. y Yeaka no saa dee nanso bia cto saa mmara a yea yi ‘i Akanfo2 *Akamfoo ti akenkanfoo *okenkan foo ni, omanfo * omamfoo Mprn pii no se ‘a’ dif no anim a, ‘n’ na yetaa de ba ne titire bere a saa asem ny fa nnipakuo bi ho: nsamanfoo (nnipa a woawuwuo) —amanfo( oman a a) banfoo( won a wogoro ban) omanfo> ( 2man no mu mma) eto da bi nso a, se yede nsemfua yi bi b> mu a, yehunu se nkabomw aa yeays no atweredes no bi sesa na ebi nso yera. Momma yenhwe nea edidi soo yi. Nhwesoo ohene + efie = ehemfie * ohenefie Etire + bone = tibone * etirebone iii, dyere + fofors = ayefors * oyerefofors iv. Odwan ~ oni wenini * odwannini Se yehwe nhweso2 ahodoo a ew soro ha yi a, yehunu se atweredee binom ayera na ebinom nso asesa, ohene ne efie yenyaa ahemfie na enye dhenefie. Bio dee «> so minienu mu no yenya tibone na mmom enye etirebone. i it Dwumadie: |. Twere nkabomu asem baako ma nsem a ew? asee ha yi i Ani +nsuo = ii. Manso + tw iii, Gye + aman we Asore + 9dan = v._ ohene + kesee = : . 2. Twere edin ne edin nkabomu nsem mmiensa ne edin ne edin nkyerckyeremu nkabomu nso mminsa4.3 NKAKUHO (Reduptication) Nkakuho dwamadie ne ne nhhyehyee te se Nkabomnu a yeaka ho asem wo soro ha yi nanso nsonoce bi da wan ntam. Nkakuko ne se yebeka asemfua no asennua abo ho anaase yede asennua no fa bi beka nsianimu fofors bi ho. Nhwesoo: tutu, fifi toto, dwidwa, sese, tiatia, srasra, kasakasa, didi patripatri ne pii a ekeka ho Twi kasa mu no yew9 saa nkakuho yi mu ahodoo. Dee edi kan no, asennua koro no ara n yede bata ho Momma yenhwve det edidi so> yi------ di- didi; tu- tutu; bu- bubu; to-toto; sra- srasra; tia-tiatia, kasa- kasakasa. Saa nhwesoo yi nyinaa mu yehunu sé asennua a edi kan no ara na yeaka abo ho. Nkakuho dwumadie no bi kyere adwene yie. ebinom nte se dee yeama ho nhwesod w9 soro ho yi. Nsemfua no bi wo ho na wope se woka ku ho a, wonya nsianimu fofors koraa na wade abata ho. Momma yenhwe mfatoho a efa yeinom nso ho bi. Twa—nwitwa, do- dodo, pa- pepa; ka fa- fefa; to- toto; ma- mema ne pii a ekeka ho. Saa nhwesoo yi mu yehunu se nsianimu no nko na asennua no nso nko, Bio se yehwe saa nhwesoo yi a, adeyo asennua no kura silabolo baako pe a eye Ae (CV). eto da bi nso a yenya dee ekura silaboro mmienu a eye AcAe (CVC) . Wobetumi ama nhwesoo binom afa dee mereka yi ho? Momma yehwe anes a edidi soo yi: bisa- bisabisa; kusa- kusakusa, fiti-fitifiti, kasa, furo, firi- irifiri; eye adeye asem nko ara na yeka ku ho na mmom yétumi ka edin ne edin nkyerekyeremu nso ku ho. Wobetumi ama me edin nkyerekyeremu a yebetumi aka aku ho? Momma yehwe ycinom a edidi sod yi: i Pa papa papaapa ii, De(dew) dede dedeede Duru durudura Hare harehare Nnam nnamnnam Tan tantan i. Ntoma no mu ye duru Ntoma durudurn no atete ii, Sekan no ye nnam Sekan nnamnnam no ayera iii, Ne ho ye tan Ntoma tantan no gu bamma no so iv, | Ntaboo no mu ye hare Ntaboo harehare no abu Yewo edin nkyerekyeremu binom wo bo a yerentimi nka nku ho dabiara da. Saa edin nkyerekyeremu yi binom ne bone, foforo, hunu ne dee ekeka ho. Edin nsem binom wo ho yetumi nso ka ku ho. Nsemfua binom ben na yereka ho asem yi? Wo bi a, fa bi to dwa. Nhweso yi bine dua, dompe, nkasee, akuo, apo. Momma yemfa saa nsemfua yi nye dkasarnu mu.i. Akuo mmienu na ews ho, Boaboa g ii. Apo wa homa no mu Ahoma no aye apa Yay 7 Paps Nkakuho Dwumadic Se yeka nsemfua bi ku ho a, na ekyere dwumadie bi sede ntoasontoasoo na esan kyere dodo> kabea, Momma yemhwent : koe d i, abaanoawo Mmaa no nyinaa Ce eda « ii. Tu dunsini no firi ho Tutu nnunsinj fo fae iii, Hwe ho se ogyina ho anaa_ Hwehwe ho fiyinga ho iv. Twa dua no firi okwan no mu Twitwa fit 9 ina jy ns v. Fre Kwame bra Frefre won nyinaa be fir kway tS vi. Bo okraman no ma onk>. Bobo nkraman no ™ e1o-da bi a nteases a ew nkakuho mu no ye sononko fir} Wobetumi ama nhwesoo bi afa dee mereka yi ho? Mor nua mma ye; NO ho, ‘hwe* nye mfatoho. YEmEa ase i. Hwe dee oreka akyere me!(look at) Hwehwe ase = MNO my ys (investigate) MU yie ii, Horo nnooma no nyinaa (wash clothes) Hohoro wo nsq woadidi( wash-up) ansa na eto da bi a, edin bi dodos kabea na yeka ku ho na enye baakofoo kabea no Beaee (place) mmeaee(places) aces) Mmeammea (severa} P Dwumadie: Twere nsem a edidi soo yi nyinaa ku ho na fa emu biara ye dkasamu Kae Gyae Do iv. Fe vy. ogye 4.4 NSAKRAEE /NNISOD/ OMENE (ASSIMILATION) Twi kasa mu no se eba se yede dkasa no redi dwuma a eto da a na nnyegyeee anaase atweredee no bi amene ne yonko. Se ba saa a nsakrace ba ne ka ne atwert no mu. Bere a yereka konsonant ho asem wo ofawa 2.3 wo konsonant dwumadic mu no, yehunuu se atweredee m ne n di dwuma sononko wo Twi kasa nhywehyee mu. Yesuaa se atweredce ‘m’ ne konsonant nkaee no bi na enante bo mu. Se Wokae saa atweredec yinom. Bio yekaa se atweredee ‘n’ nso ne konsonant afofoo 30je ho Yekaa $F binom nso na mante Momma yrnkackae yin adwene wt ¥ Jahi kabea woboa Lonconam im’ ne ‘in’ boa ym ma yrnva dodo kabes, bio yenya d yen nso ma vede sdeye nsem ko shyt kabes mt Jai twersbea mu no, sr yenya b d dw gy na se ‘m’ ana ‘a’ di cu bigea anim a nsakraer ba mu srder rdidi soo ‘ mb dane mm mba dane beyc mm2 (aba dodo yr mma) memba dane beye memma(meba dati kabes yt memma) mbo dane beye 9mm ( Aane hye kabea a €t> so mmienu) ammo dane beye smmmd ( Dabi shy kabea a ef $0 mmienu) " Nd dane na -- Nda dane beye nna( eda dodo kabea) nda dane brys anna (ada daabi kabes) onda dane bryc anna ( shyt aanc kabea a et so mmienu) 5nnda dane beyt onan ( dhyt dabikabea a €t9 so mmienu iii, ndw dane beye nw ndwuma dane beye nnwuma (adwuma dodoo kabea) ondwene dane beye 2anwene (odwene daabi kabea) Sndwene dane beye Innwene ( shyt aane kabea a et> so mmicnu) onndwene dane brye gnnnwene (hye dabi kabea a eto so mmicnu) iv ngy dane beye nny: Ngyedua dane beye nnyedua (gyedua dodo> kabea) onaye dane beye annye(agye dabi kabea) ongye dane beyt onnye (ohye aane kabea a etd So mmienv) onngye dane beys onnnye (hye daabi kabea a £1 so mmienu) Kae se ‘n’ ne “g’ hyia a, “g’ no nsakyera. Kae bio se yei ye alweré mu nko ara. Afei hunu se ng mu dee no nkutoo na ensakyera; ngy mu dee no dee esakyera ye “nny sedee yeaka dada no 2Nhweso3 Gu ngu Ma ongu mma onngu ose memma ongu 2se memmmag Onn, gu Hwe dee yeka faa nkabomu ho wo 4.2. cha yesuaa 88, se mmienu bi bo mua, éto da bi a yenya saa nsakrace Yibi wo eee 5 yes , ahodoo bi wo ho. Se wokae dee yeka faa chvenem konsonant Y ay ne konsonant nnyegycee a aka no ayonkofa. ‘Anom ony ees ehwenem nnyegyece ne Konsonant nnyegycee fofora ayonkofa nh ji Yehye 5 deg edidi soo yi m fa pb fo m So mpa mma mf n fa dg hk ltsw aa S€ 9 nko nsy nwe na TYE, ny enam saa nhhyehyee yi nti bere bere a yepe se yeka nsemfua bi bobo m, yehwe se yebedi mmara yi so uno Nhwesod ; asem + hunu = asenhunu *asemhunu* Asem +ka = asenka *asenka* Asem+di = asennie *asemnie* ohene + efie= ahemfie *ahenfie* Saa nhwesoo a ew soro ho yi ma yehunu se atweredee/ nnyegyee binom a ew asemfua a edi kan no mu asesa ama ene konsonant 2 ew> asemfua a €D so mmienu no anya suban koro. Dwumadie Sesa dkasamu ahodoo a edidi s0> yi ko Dabi ohye kabea a eto so mmienu Momma mmofta no kwan na wommra me nkyen Monsi 2bonsam kwan na dbedwane afiri mo nkyen Monsu na montwa agyaadwo> iv, Momfa mo nsa nka na monni bi v. _ Montwere wa edan no ho Dwene asem no ho yie. Monkodi me ho adansee Monsunsuan mo akoma mu na enye mo ntaadee mu ix. Mone nnipa nyina ntena ho asomdwoeem x. Momma nnipa nyinaa nhunu se modwo 324.8 HWEMMD (NASALIZATION) ebi nso wa hoa 4 ho no yekaa se dwuma. Twi kasa mu no nnyegyeee bi wo hoa yebo yen hwenc ka na yemmo yen hwene nka. Bere a yeresua Vawol ho asem w 2. Tavi kasa no wo atweredce nson na mmom nnyegyeee edu a yede di Nayegyece a yebo yen hwene ka ne Vawol nnygyeee. Vawol nnyegycee no mpo enyé ne nyinaa na yetumi bo hwene ka. Se wobekae yawol edu a yesuaa ho asem no. Se Twifoo rekasa a vawol nnegyece yi bi wo ho a wotumi bo won hwene ka bere biara a wope; enhia sese gbedi chwenen anom nnyegyect ansa. Saa vawol nnyegyees yi ne dee edidi so yi: i) se ebia fi Mvataadee no aye fi 7 se ebia si Mese ye me ya a) se ebia ka) Ka asemno kyere me Y) se ebia tY) TYtY aburoo no ma me uy se ebia hu) Hu) aboa no ho ntem Nhwesoo a £w9 soro yi nyinaa mu no, yede hweneb> nsenkyerenne na atoto SO nanso okasamu yede ama nhwesod no dee saa nsenkyerenne no bi nneda so. Momma yensan nhwe nhwesoo ammien mmienv a edid soo yi i. Me nnooma nyinaa aye fi Mefi Asante Akyem Agogo ii, Me se yeme ya Mese sekan no anopa biara jij, | Ka asemno kyere me Ka nam no bi we iv Toto boradee ma me annwumere yt Toto nnooma 2 Dw? pono no so gu abontenfc aduane conkonte no so na yemfa nye m vn Huhe kot aboa no ho ansa na woakoda ve Huh vesoo a Ewo soro yi a, yehunu se hwemmy nny Se yehwe my nso yenya nteascé firi okasamu no my hyeI55 biara so na! Mp asemfua ‘ UNIT ONE DFAWA 5 (SESSION 5) ATWERE MU AGYIR AEE Anton 4 a a, eduru baabi a na wahome kakra. eduru baabj 50 a, ny lee. Atwere mu, agyirace ahodoo bi wo ho a wove 4 og . na ese sé obiara hunu ebiara ne ne dwumadie yie, ¢, Wogya apitom ayia ansi nea es€ Se esi a, Eye mfomsoo; na se eye sohwe iis L Many woamn! = ahodo> a yede di dwuma wo Twi kasa mu ne dee edidj soa ical Me, nosis Osisan, Osiprenu, Ogya, Mmisace, Nkahyemudez, Nkata, siniegs, mm Mudes Nteamudes. Momma yemfa no mmaako mmaako na yenhwe won diag’ atwere mu. 03 Se obi rekas: hiwene ne ad ie wy, 5.1 Osiwiees (.) _ , . / edeen ne osiwieee? Kaakae wo tiri mu. Yeine agyiraee a daa nyinag tikya foo ba ho asem wo won adekyere mu. Ne dwumadie nn92s0 so koraa, Dee edi kan yede kyere se asem (okasarnu) bi asisse ebia: (i) Kofi ko nsuo. (ii) Ama nim awoma yie. Abakosem mu no, yewo abasem bi a esiie fa saa agyirace yi ho w> Enyeresi Aburokyire. Abasem yi mu no, wokyere se obi kotweree ne loore akyi se: “Onyankopon nkum Queen” Wokyeree saa onipa yi de no ko0 kooto se waka abususem. Saa onipa no kyeree mu Se wantwere n’asem no anwie efiri se wamfa osiwiece ansi. Ko>10 maa no kwan se ontwere n’asem no mma no nsi na dee otwereee ni ‘Onyankopon nkum Queen atamfo nyinaa.” Saa akyire yi asem a otwereee yi a ode osiwieee baec no maa kaoto gyace no. Se woahunu osiwieee ho mfasoo! Osiwiees duamadie baako a ska ho ne sé, yede kyere se yeatwa asemfua bi tiaw2 Nhwesoo bj nie: Se kyere Se ebia na kyere ne ade nhw. kyere nhwesoo nsn. kyere nsianimu$2. Nsanko 1.) Comma ty ro se wate ne Oxy pen’! Wer ce cxsmiees det, crepe Ov Oe ee waite CLIC SE BWA AO 1 2 2 come mio ty fara wry cneecten on Begs irtien wo, re wale ne wored saz wher 97 a X & R i & 20) kate 2 eS ma pee ps2 dee Boys] re, He oo no rele, wards emma so oe wale Bo ae, gol Woskse rsxxio Ewarede a wade sue zee Tw MoreAssia Rasen PV ota age tee Hes BA favine UN We Aka Ryerss ne rmnt thoy ge) Alameda He” ko Yaate eysrenntt te akan ata akasamnaty quaint & dler et so. mnie vad kawte vere doe svt Kar tes ith, Manama yeaee ihe sc abate vi x Wave ates toaric cahennst no NUN ae Waska se aankac ne ttyiaa fri ates dade aie Wang ae Uni ata dyante: SS Ogya CD Apostonphy Seater ter ver Raete tt, W dE HE ACLS OL ag WON AUN TN Saa ayvirace At aa na chine tis no ogya nsenkyerrnnes, Se ein a tv oedi anim di ectinatanam te ali per a canes gya Ye aaa ‘oh EW) adinnsiaranm no i gonna Brogya usenkyer etre to (bye aaa, WEL AA WEEE WS ita no bo Wa, Ae ages (tana) AVagya akyy me ater. Wade Qader) > Yo wader iene. Me aba tivated) ~ AVaba a meduaer no ati Wo adhwuna (Wada) AWradhwutna ye me By Me Awarade (A warade) soye Mawarade ae 0 BS. Osisan (3) Semi colon ene he se adantann bi, Ne Saa agyivaes yi ne nsanho divumadic reye akose dvumadic be s Yevte (Shas MANIC ALAN ELC. ET ghasan NU tidire We UAW LO gta, nat etunn di dunt secnkabomudes, Momma year ahweseo ahodeo Mt \ Orie Pekaey ewwiony AW. A. Menhyiaa ne da; nase mani bo ne so pe meh unaal SE YE WO ba; enti meyre no atu, nat yede abasepe kao Bie fii, To saa utoma vir eye dee worchwehwe no bi. ie Nnerma a yerebrdwene ho nies nea cdl kan, ste; tes edi ho avatesalveat numirnsa akwany nea ext okyire whinemdee () 7 adj 5.6. a Tae8 a ebinom kyers se won dwumadie yr den DaNsa yy Yei ns we a enkyere adwene koraa, Sedee ychu ne dwumadie 9 Borfy Lass phe yie a en} i s wo Twi nso mu, Wobckae ne dwumadie no biws Borafay., Be, 4 etek Bee Oa has na sa vyenhwe ne dwumadie yi bi wo Twi kasa mu, am lom Dee edi kan wode okasamu bi a ehye minienu nar baako mu, anaase mpo ene no nni twakas biara no h ntam. Momma yenhwe saa nhwesoo yi. a, Se akoka bon awia (yen gyidie no NO) eye mmusuo, b. Woyee ho biara (nea oka kyeree yen no no) Manso anye vie. ii. Bio yede kyere se asem bi a chye mu no ye fofors bi 2 2d; itu ny mnanemu anaasé ene ne nkyereasee Ye pe. a, Gyata ho ye hu sene akyem (seb). b, Woredi taamu (wonya wo ho) a, kae se nna nyinaa nse. c. Aduoku (okusic) pe adwe yie, d. Nsianimu ‘m’ ne “n’ na wode kyere ngoo (dabi) kabes, iii, Se wope se wotwe akenkanfoo adwene ko nsem bia woake sog wade hye agyirace yi mu, odo ye ade pa (monkae nea yeaka afa ho no). i M8 yet ey YE Sth apyin 5.7 Nkatomdec ( ‘ ‘ anaase ““ ) Inverted commas i. ekyere se asema ehyc ntam no yé dee obi aka Pepezpe: oka kyeree no se: “Di m’akyi”, Mpanin se, ‘Som wo ho nye akoa’ 2, Wode sisi adee a WOPE SE wotwe akenkanfoo adwene ko SO, Bere biara fa nsanho san saa “a” yi akyi. Nkabomudce no bi ne “enti”, “anaase* ne “nanso™:, 3. Asem bia enye dee wotaa ka anaa wote daa, woke nanso sedez wode aka asem no ama anya nteasce fofors no, wade hye saa agyiraes yi mu sé cbia, N'afidie no “tiasoagyina”(brake) no ho aka Kanea ahahammono no kyere “5”, 4. Se wofem asem bi firi 9kasa bi mu na wotwere NO sénea elee wo saa . . kasa no mu PEpEEpE a, Wode hye nkatomudee mu Oxygen” ye mframa mu ade titire, Wokyere se “Milo” ma ahooden. 5. Nwoma ne adee din Makan “Bedaneagya” ag awie. SO $aa ara,