Art App Compilation

Basic
LESSON 8 Photography
PART IV
Soul Making
Lesson 8
Introduction to Photography
At the end of the lesson, you shall have:
• discussed the concept of photography; and,
• identified the persons who has contribution in developing the
photography.
• compared different forms of art.a
What is Photography?
Photography is the art of capturing light with a camera, usually via a

digital sensor or film, to create an image. With the right camera
equipment, you can even photograph wavelengths of light invisible to
the human eye, including UV, infrared, and radio. (Mansurov. 2020)
The first permanent photograph was captured in 1826 (some sources

say 1827) by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce in France. It shows the roof of a
building lit by the sun. (Mansurov. 2020)
“View from the Window at Le Gras” by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce

Source: photographylife.com
© 2021 Caraga State University ArtApp (Art Appreciation) 29

Basic
A Brief History of Photography
Color photography started to become popular and accessible with the

release of Eastman Kodak’s “Kodachrome” film in the 1930s. Before
that, almost all photos were monochromatic – although a handful of
photographers, toeing the line between chemists and alchemists, had
been using specialized techniques to capture color images for decades
before. (Mansurov. 2020)
Below, you’ll find a brief introduction to some of photography’s most

important names. Their discoveries, creations, ideas, and photographs
shape our own pictures to this day, subtly or not. Although this is just
a brief bird’s-eye view, these nonetheless are people you should know
before you step into the technical side of photography:
Joseph Nicéphore Niépce
• Invention: The first permanent photograph (“View from the Window

at Le Gras,” shown earlier)
• Where: France, 1826
• Impact: Cameras had already existed for centuries before this, but
they had one major flaw: You couldn’t record a photo with them!
They simply projected light onto a separate surface – one which
artists used to create realistic paintings, but not strictly
photographs. Niépce solved this problem by coating a pewter plate
with, essentially, asphalt, which grew harder when exposed to light.
By washing the plate with lavender oil, he was able to fix the
hardened substance permanently to the plate.
• Quote: “The discovery I have made, and which I
call Heliography, consists in reproducing spontaneously, by the
action of light, with gradations of tints from black to white, the
images received in the camera obscura.” Mic drop.
Louis Daguerre
• Invention: The Daguerreotype (first commercial photographic

material)
• Where: France, 1839
• Impact: Daguerreotypes are images fixed directly to a heavily
polished sheet of silver-plated copper. This invention is what really
made photography a practical reality – although it was still just an
expensive curiosity to many people at this point. The first time you
see a daguerreotype in person, you may be surprised just
how sharp it is.
• Quote: “I have seized the light. I have arrested its flight.”

Basic
A daguerreotype of Louis Daguerre. Today, this is known as

daguerreoception

Basic
Alfred Stieglitz
• Genre: Portraiture and documentary

• Where: United States, late 1800s through mid 1900s
• Impact: Alfred Stieglitz was a photographer, but, more importantly,
he was one of the first influential members of the art community to
take photography seriously as a creative medium. He believed that
photographs could express the artist’s vision just as well as
paintings or music – in other words, that photographers could be
artists. Today’s perception of photography as an art form owes a lot
to Stieglitz.
• Quote: “In photography, there is a reality so subtle that it becomes
more real than reality.”
Dorothea Lange
• Genre: Portrait photography

• Where: United States, 1930s
• Impact: One of the most prominent documentary photographers in
history, and the photographer behind one of the most influential
images of all time (shown below), is Dorothea Lange. If you’ve ever
seen photos from the Great Depression, you’ve seen some of her
work. Her photos shaped the field of documentary photography and
showed the camera’s potential for telling powerful stories perhaps
more than anyone else.
• Quote: “The camera is an instrument that teaches people how to
see without a camera.”

Basic
“Migrant Mother,” Dorothea Lange’s most famous photograph


Basic
Ansel Adams
• Genre: Landscape photography

• Where: United States
• When: 1920s to 1960s (for most of his work)
• Impact: Ansel Adams is perhaps the most famous photographer in
history, which is remarkable because he mainly took pictures of
landscapes and natural scenes. (Typically, famous photographers
have tended to photograph people instead.) Ansel Adams helped
usher in an era of realism in landscape photography, and he was
an early champion of the environmentalism and preservation
movements in the United States.
• Quote: “There is nothing worse than a sharp image of a fuzzy
concept.”
“The Tetons and the Snake River,” by Ansel Adams


Basic
These inventor’s, the first color photographers, are hardly

alone in pushing the boundaries of one of the world’s newest art
forms. The history of photography has always been a history of
people – artists and inventors who steered the field into the modern
era. (Mansurov. 2020)

Basic
References
Webpage
Nasim Mansurov. Photography Life. “What is Shutter Speed? - Beginner
Tutorial.” January 11, 2020.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FdJhkRFFvUs&t=4s
Nasim Mansurov. Photography Life. “Aperture and F-Stop Explained”.

August 22, 2019.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCNpHDd47p4
Brent Hall. “Photography Basics; What is ISO?” January 29, 2019.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z_3ZyAX_3gY
PDF
Robert Berdan. “Digital Photography Basics for Beginners”.
https://www.canadiannaturephotographer.com/Photography_for_Begi
ners.pdf
Joel Satore. “Fundamentals of Photography”.

http://gactvd.in/Documents/Learning/Viscom/Basic%20Photograph
y%20-PDF%201.pdf

Caraga state university
Ampayon, Butuan City 8600, Philippines
URL: www.carsu.edu.ph
Crafting Musical
Instrument Performance
Lesson/Topic
Art Appreciation 1
Crafting Musical
Musical instruments, like plants and animals, are

categorized into families. Traditional classical
orchestra instruments are divided into four (4)
distinct families. Today, we recognize a fifth family.
Also, non-traditional instruments, new creations,

and odd ball instruments are classified in the
family structure, based on their characteristics.
Week Art Appreciation 2

Brass Family
Art Appreciation
Week 3
Brass Family
Brass instruments were traditionally made of brass.
But today, we recognize that some instruments are
classed as “brass” although they are made of other
materials. Some instruments made of brass are in
fact not in the same brass family.

Brass Family
Brass instruments create sound by the musician
‘buzzing’ their lip into a round mouth piece. Here is a
trombone mouthpiece:

Brass Family
Brass instruments usually have long, sometimes

coiled tubing, which leads to a ‘bell’ where the
sound comes out.
Trumpet
French Horn

Brass Family
The Tuba and the Euphonium look very similar,

but the Euphonium has longer, narrower coils,
and makes a less abrupt sound.
Tuba Euphonium

Brass Family
Here are some brass instruments that are not in
common use. They look similar to other more
familiar instruments, don’t they?
Ophicleide
Cornett

Brass Family
Here are some really different instruments, that are
(believe it or not) members of the brass family. The player
must buzz their lips as they play:
Didgeridoo
Conch
Alphorn

Woodwind Family

Woodwind Family
Woodwinds are, like brass, instruments whose

sound is created by the musician’s breath.
However, these instruments do not require the
‘buzzing’ that the brass need. There are two types
of woodwinds, flutes and reeds.

Woodwind Family
The Flute family consists of instruments with which you
blow over a whole or edge to create the sound. These
include all flutes, recorders, and various types of
whistles.
Recorder Recorder
Flute

Woodwind Family
Most of the Woodwinds have a mouthpiece with either
one or two reeds. When the musician blows into the
mouthpiece, the reed vibrates to create the sound.
Clarinet Sizes comparison

of woodwinds

Woodwind Family
The Bassoon and the Oboe are two-reed woodwinds. The
bagpipes can have either one or two reeds.
Bassoon
Oboe
Bagpipes

Woodwind Family
Beware! The Saxophone is classified and woodwind
instrument. Although, its body is made of brass, the
mouthpiece contains a reed, and only exhaling is
necessary to make it work.
Didgeridoos, Cornetts and Alphorns,

although they’re made of woods, are not
woodwinds.

Strings Family

Strings Family
Instruments whose sounds are created by
manipulating tightened strings are members
of strings family. The strings may be plucked;
they may be scratched with a bow, and they
may be strummed.
Week English Enhancement Program 2 (English for Speech Communication) 17

Strings Family
Strings quartets consist of two violas, on violin, and one
cello. The viola is slightly larger than the violin, and has
a lower register.

Strings Family
Double bass/Contrabass
Cello Electrical Bass

Strings Family
There are many different types of guitars, and they can
be found in cultures all around the world. The Classical
Guitar is used more frequently in modern symphonies.
Modern rock music is largely guitar-based.
Classical Guitar Mandolin Banjo

Strings Family
Many guitars are uniquely crafted to create new,
innovative sounds. They often go by their inventor’s
name:
Warr Chapman Stick
Dobro

Strings Family
There are too numerous string family instruments to list here. The
string family is one of the most diverse, with countless different
styles found everywhere, and in virtually every genre of music.

Strings Family

Percussion Family
Percussion instruments are those that are played by
striking or shaking. All drums are percussion
instruments. Often, drums are used to keep the
rhythm in a musical piece. They are used for effect
and add dynamics to complex compositions.

Percussion Family
Here are some examples:

Percussion Family
Some percussion instruments are turned instruments, which means you
can play notes in a scale on them:

Percussion Family
Here are some other familiar instruments:

Keyboard Family
Today, many people recognize that there is now fifth family of instruments.
The keyboard family includes pianos, organs, electronic keyboards and
synthesizers, among others.
One could argue that a piano is a percussion instrument, because you

strike the keys to play it. It has also been considered a string instrument,
because it has tightly bound strings which produce the sound.

Keyboard Family
Some other keyboard family instruments:

It is called a Theramin. It is played by moving your hands closer and further
from the advice, causing the radio frequencies. To change pitch.
Like the Theramin, there are other ‘oddball’ instruments that defy
classification. Who knows? Maybe there will be more families of
instruments someday!

Crafting Musical
Thank you!

TRANSCREATION
DEFINITION OF TRANSCREATION
Week 2 Art Appreciation 1

Things to unpacked:
1.Definition of TRANSCREATION
2.The process of transcreation and
its considerations

What is Transcreation?
❑Transcreation is the
merger of two words:
translation and creation.

❑Transcreation is a special type of
translation that preserves the
message from one language and
transfers it into another language,
either through written content or
visual design.

❑ Transcreation aims to
evoke the same reaction
as the original text within
a different cultural setting
or context.

❑Transcreation is an effective
way for brands to authentically
reach new markets in a
meaningful way and achieve
greater brand engagement and
recognition.
The transcreation process:
❑The transcreation process

often kicks off with a
creative brief.

❑ The expert producing the
transcreation must have the skills
and knowledge to not only know
the cultural nuances of both
languages, but must understand
the “spirit” of which the original
message was created.
❑The transcreator takes creative
liberties and make significant
changes to the translation in
order to uphold its original
meaning.

Note:
All content created
should resonate with
audiences from a
cultural point of view.
EXAMPLES OF TRANSCREATION:
McDonald’s adjusted its North

American slogan from “I’m
lovin’ it” to “I just like it” in
China.

McDonald’s in the
Philippines, for example, may
offer the McRice burger while
a McDonald’s in India will
offer a McPaneer Royale.

PHILIPPINES MIDDLE EAST

MEXICO

Considerations for Transcreation:
Literal translation of communications

LANGUAGE poses problems.
EXAMPLE: KFC’s “Finger Lickin Good” taglines’

nearest Chinese approximation “Eat
your Fingers Off”

Images and colours impact diversely

IMAGERY with different cultures and a failure
to recognize this can adversely affect
campaigns.

EXAMPLE: Pepsi’s decision to change the colour of

vending machines from deep blue to
light blue prompted a significant drop in
sales which, upon examination, was
attributed to the fact that blue is
associated with death and mourning in
the region.

CULTURAL PRACTICES
It is important to note that local
knowledge is important when
embarking on a customized marketing
campaign.

CULTURAL PRACTICES EXAMPLE

“Think Globally, Act Locally” comprised a series of
advertisements demonstrating how gestures are
interpreted differently by different cultures. i.e. displaying
the soles of your feet is considered offensive in Thailand,
whilst simple hand gestures are construed as rude in
Greece. This campaign powerfully endorses the
importance of local knowledge when embarking on a
customized marketing campaign.

LEGAL PRACTICES
It is important to know the parameters
of target markets and to operate
within the confines of local practices.

LEGAL PRACTICES EXAMPLE

Some countries prohibit advertising directed at
children, others ban the promotion of certain
products, such as tobacco or alcohol. Countries
such as Germany, Luxemburg and Belgium ban
comparative advertising.

LEGAL PRACTICES EXAMPLE

Failure to identify, understand and communicate with
target audiences can result in a fallout that can range
from public embarrassment and campaign failure, to
financial loss and complete brand destruction.

REMINDERS:
Enjoy learning and keep safe,

everyone!

THEATER
IMPROVISATION
Art Appreciation
THEATER IMPROVISATION
Theater Improvisation is a form

of live theater in which the
plot, characters and dialogue
of a game, scene or story are
made up in the moment.
Often improvisers will take a

suggestion from the audience,
or draw on some other source
of inspiration to get started.
Improvisation is unique in that if

you see a performance, there will
never be another show exactly
like it ever done again.
Improvisation is different every
time.
THEATER IMPROVISATION ORIGIN
Improvised performances originated

since the dawn of entertainment
itself.
However, improvisational theater first
started its influence during the 16, 17,
and 18th centuries in Italy.
THEATER IMPROVISATION ORIGIN
These theater games started off as

rehearsal-room activities, which
quickly evolved into an
independent form of acting that
became worthy of prime-time
entertainment.
IMPROVISATIONAL PERFORMANCE
Improvisational theater introduces an

interactive relationship between the cast
and the audience.
For instance, most improvisation groups
will engage the audience by asking
questions or pulling volunteers from the
crowd to induce excitement.
Improvisational performers work together to

define the rules of the scene. Different props,
uniforms, and settings are used to co-create
the storyline.
Depending on the nature of the performance,
various character names and roles will be
assigned to each actor and actress.
Some of the cast may purposefully

block, or break out of character, in
order to induce a comedic effect.
Most improvisational performances
aim to create a humorous vibe,
usually by creating unrealistic scenes.
BENEFITS OF IMPROV THEATER
Improvisational theater can help people gain

the necessary experience and knowledge in
real life situations.
It increases the overall presence on the
platform when delivering public speeches,
presentations, and scripted performances.
BENEFITS OF IMPROV THEATER
Improvisers have reported having a surge of

confidence, communication skills, enhanced
acting abilities, developing social comfort in
various settings, refined cognitive abilities,
improved listening and observational skills,
improved interpersonal development, and
creative thinking skills.
APPROACHES TO IMPROVISATION
1. Basic Performance Improvisation
This type of improvisation is used to

introduce improvisation to students, or to
create comedy sketches which will be
performed for a formal or informal
audience.
2. Devised Theater
•This type of improvisation is used to

create longer works of original theater.
•This work can be used for classroom
sharing or can grow into works for
performance in front of an audience.
3. Applied Theater
• This type of improvisation is not focused on

entertainment, but rather facilitates the exploration of
an idea, theme, conflict, or question by a group of
people.
• The purpose is communication among the
participants. People who are trained or untrained in
the arts can participate in applied theater, and it
happens in a variety of community settings.
4.Drama in the Classroom (Creative Drama)
• Whenever students are acting a story without a

script, or making up their own stories based on
history, science, or a favorite book, they are
improvising.
• Teachers who engage students in drama in the
classroom without having students memorize a
set script are already teaching improvisation.
5. Improvisation as Scripted Theater Rehearsal
• This type of improvisation is used by stage directors

to illuminate a character’s backstory or the hidden
subtext in a script.
• This improvisational technique can help students dig
deeper into their character traits and motivations,
understand the impact of setting and environment,
uncover the meaning of plot points, or build
relationships among characters in a play.
•Each of these approaches can evolve into

and inform any of the others.
•The lines between the approaches are not
always crystal clear.
•This “messiness” is acceptable as theater
continues to be an evolving art form that
sprang thousands of years ago from
improvisation.
Enjoy learning and stay safe!
CONTACT
IMPROVISATION
Art Appreciation
ART IMPROVISATION
Certain performances or products
of artistic activity are referred to
as improvisations when they have
been produced in a spontaneous,
originative way (Alperson, 1984).
ART IMPROVISATION
Despite this focus on spontaneity,

most improvisation theorists agree
that improvisation is not impromptu
activity; rather, it involves skill,
training, planning, limitations and
forethought.
ART IMPROVISATION
These theorists hold that all creation

and performance within an artistic
discipline involves an awareness of
the aims and parameters of the work
of art or event, genre, school and style
in which the activity is taking place.
ART IMPROVISATION
Music, theater, and dance,

however, are more likely to use
improvisation to refer to a
particular method, mode or
feature of a performance practice.
HISTORY OF CONTACT IMPROVISATION
Contact Improvisation is an
improvisational dance form that
has its roots in the early history
of what has come to be known as
post-modern dance.
The form grew out of a performance

score called Magnesium, developed
by Steve Paxton in the 1972, that was
rooted in an exploration of how two
bodies can improvise freely with a
shared point of contact.
Subsequently, he gathered together a

group of dancers who worked
intensively together before
presenting the work again to an
audience, this time under the name
Contact Improvisations.
Contact Improvisation Skills and Techniques
1. The Stand or the “small dance”

• This is a simple meditation.
• First, find a comfortable standing position.
• Second, scan the body for excess tension and
inefficient ways of holding the body and allow it
to become more easily aligned with less
unnecessary muscle use.
2. Rolling Point of Contact
•It refers to two bodies touching in

one area or “point of contact”.
•This point can either roll or slide.
3. Falling and Rolling

• These are movements into and out of the floor.
• To support the pursuit of more and more
precarious situations, it is necessary to learn how
to move into and out of the floor more fluidly, at
greater speeds, and from greater heights.
4. Weight Exchange, Counter Balance, and off-

balance
• Refer to mutual support, neither partner on their
base of support, but being supported by the other.
• It is both a surrendering of some fraction of
personal control of one’s own movement and a
receiving of partial control of a partner’s
movement.
5. Alignment, structure, body-use and

organization
• With proper leverage, an ounce of force can lift

a mountain.
• Through focus on one’s skeletal alignment and
body-use, one can lift and support weight with
greater ease and freedom.
6. Physical listening and following
The dance is not about

re-creating a set of moves or trying to
do something seen before, but about
following into the unknown.
7. Readiness
This refers to constant
preparedness to catch oneself
and to deal with incoming weight.
8. “No hands” dance
Dancing without hands release the

“grabby” and controlling nature of a
person’s habitual interactions with his/her
hands and learn to be more aware of and
able to use his/her whole structure.
9. Opening up the back space
In opening up dance to whole body,

one must attempt to cultivate a
dexterity and readiness for interaction
in all directions, especially the back
space.
10.Continuity of motion and momentum
• As the body is in motion, there is a commitment to

pursuing where the body is already flowing.
• The unconscious impulse to stabilize constantly drains
energy from the dance.
• The adventure of contact is in continuing motion
together off-balance and then organizing together to
survive the continuous fall.
The body in contact improvisation is

accordingly not merely a physical
body whose weight and momentum
are subject to natural laws of gravity
and motion, but a responsive,
experiencing body.
Enjoy learning and stay safe always!
Flordelez U. Saspa
Department of Communication and Humanities
Week 12 Five Acts of Cultural Appropriation 1

Five Acts
of
Cultural Appropriation

Cultural appropriation
- can be defined as “Cherry-picking” or

selecting of certain aspect of a culture,
and ignoring their original significance
for the purpose of belittling it as a trend
(Baker, 2017).
Five Acts of Cultural Appropriation:
1. Object of Appropriation
2. Context
3. Style
4. Motif
5. Subject

1. Object of Appropriation
- the use of pre-existing object or
images with little or no transformation
applied to them.

2. Context
- consists of all the things about the artwork that
might have influenced the artwork or the maker
(artist). This would include when the work was
made; when it was made (both culturally and
geographically).

3. Style
- is a distinctive manner which permits the
grouping of works into related categories. It
refers to the visual appearance of a work of art
that relates it to other works by the same artist or
one from the same period, training, location,
“school”, art movement or archaeological
culture.
4. Motif
-is an element of an image. A motif may be
repeated in a pattern or design, often many
times, or may just occur once in a work.

5. Subject
-refers to the main idea that is represented
in the artwork. It is basically the essence of
the piece

Appropriation is the concept that the
new work re-contextualizes whatever it
borrows to create the new work.

Enjoy learning and stay safe all!

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Basic

Photography is the art of capturing light with a camera, usually via a

The first permanent photograph was captured in 1826 (some sources

“View from the Window at Le Gras” by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce

© 2021 Caraga State University ArtApp (Art Appreciation) 29

A Brief History of Photography

Color photography started to become popular and accessible with the

Below, you’ll find a brief introduction to some of photography’s most

Joseph Nicéphore Niépce

• Invention: The first permanent photograph (“View from the Window

• Invention: The Daguerreotype (first commercial photographic

© 2021 Caraga State University ArtApp (Art Appreciation) 30

A daguerreotype of Louis Daguerre. Today, this is known as

© 2021 Caraga State University ArtApp (Art Appreciation) 31

• Genre: Portraiture and documentary

• Genre: Portrait photography

© 2021 Caraga State University ArtApp (Art Appreciation) 32

“Migrant Mother,” Dorothea Lange’s most famous photograph

© 2021 Caraga State University ArtApp (Art Appreciation) 33

• Genre: Landscape photography

“The Tetons and the Snake River,” by Ansel Adams

© 2021 Caraga State University ArtApp (Art Appreciation) 34

These inventor’s, the first color photographers, are hardly

© 2021 Caraga State University ArtApp (Art Appreciation) 35

Nasim Mansurov. Photography Life. “Aperture and F-Stop Explained”.

Brent Hall. “Photography Basics; What is ISO?” January 29, 2019.

Joel Satore. “Fundamentals of Photography”.

© 2021 Caraga State University ArtApp (Art Appreciation) 36

Musical instruments, like plants and animals, are

Also, non-traditional instruments, new creations,

Week Art Appreciation 2

Week Art Appreciation 4

Week Art Appreciation 5

Brass instruments usually have long, sometimes

Week Art Appreciation 6

The Tuba and the Euphonium look very similar,

Week Art Appreciation 7

Week Art Appreciation 8

Week Art Appreciation 9

Week Art Appreciation 10

Woodwinds are, like brass, instruments whose

Week Art Appreciation 11

Week Art Appreciation 12

Clarinet Sizes comparison

Week Art Appreciation 13

Week Art Appreciation 14

Didgeridoos, Cornetts and Alphorns,

Week Art Appreciation 15

Week Art Appreciation 16

Week English Enhancement Program 2 (English for Speech Communication) 17

Week Art Appreciation 18

Cello Electrical Bass

Week Art Appreciation 19

Classical Guitar Mandolin Banjo

Week Art Appreciation 20

Warr Chapman Stick

Week English Enhancement Program 2 (English for Speech Communication) 21

Week Art Appreciation 22

Week English Enhancement Program 2 (English for Speech Communication) 23

Week Art Appreciation 24

Week Art Appreciation 25

Week Art Appreciation 26

Week English Enhancement Program 2 (English for Speech Communication) 27

One could argue that a piano is a percussion instrument, because you