GRADE

San Fabian National High School 11/12

San Fabian, Pangasinan

MODULE
UNDERSTANDING
i SOCIETY
CULTURE,
AND
Quarter POLITICS
1 Week 2 Module 2

For queries, please contact us:

Name of Teacher
Contact Messenger
Number

JANELLE H. SERRAN 09209828059 Janelle Moina Halog Serran

Most Essential Learning Competencies

Analyze the concept, aspects and changes in/of culture and society

LESSON 1

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 Culture and Society as Sociological and Anthropological Concepts

What is Culture?

❖ Culture refers to a group or community which shares common experiences that shape the way its
members understand the world. It includes groups that we are born into, such as race, national origin,
gender, class, or religion. It can also include a group we join or become part of.

“Culture is the process by which a person becomes all that they were
created.”

- Thomas Carlyle

❖ Culture is a strong part of people's lives. It influences their views, values, humor, hopes, loyalties,
worries and fears. It helps to have some perspective and understanding of their cultures.

❖ Culture and society defined, culture consists of the beliefs, behaviors, objects, and other
characteristics common to the members of a particular group or society.

❖ Through culture, people and groups define themselves, conform to society's shared values, and
contribute to society.

❖ The major elements of culture are symbols, language, norms, values, and artifacts

Language

Food Working
Schedules

Religion
Manners

CULTURE

Medical Cure
Clothes and
Dressing

Celebrations
Folk Art
Culture is a combination of areas that include beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms,
artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and everything that a person learns and shares as a member of society.
Therefore, culture is: Jokes

A product of human interaction.

A social heritage that is complex and socially transmitted.

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Provides socially acceptable patterns for meeting biological and
social needs
 An established pattern of behavior

Cumulative

Meaningful to human beings.

TYPES OF CULTURE
Culture is composed of material and non-material elements. Material culture consist of tangible
things whereas nonmaterial elements consist of intangible things. (Banaag, 2012 p.48)

Language and Technological Architectural

Ideas Symbol Tools Structures

Non- Material
Material Culture
Behavior, Fashion and
Gesture & Food Accessories
Religion
Habits

ELEMENTS OF CULTURE

KNOWLEDGE
It refers to any information received and perceived to be true.

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BELIEFS The perception of accepted reality
Reality refers to the existence of things whether material and non-material.
 SOCIAL NORMS
These are established expectations of society as to how a person is supposed to act depending on
the requirements of the time, place or situation.

FORMS OF SOCIAL NORMS

The patterns of repetitive behavior which becomes habitual and conventional part of
living.
FOLKWAYS

The set of ethical standards and moral obligations as dictates of reason that distinguishes
human acts as right or wrong or good from bad.
MORES

Anything held to be relatively worthy, important, desirable or valuable

VALUES

The practical application of knowledge in converting raw materials into finished

TECHNOLOG products.
Y

ASPECTS OF CULTURE

Dynamic, flexible and adaptive.

Shared and contested.

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Learned through socialization or
enculturation.

Patterned social interactions.

 Integrated and at times unstable.

Transmitted through socialization.

Requires language and other forms of
communication.

LESSON 2
ETHNOCENTRISM AND CULTURAL RELATIVISM
CULTURAL VARIATION
Refers to the differences in social behaviors that different cultures exhibit around. What may
be considered. What may be considered good etiquette in one culture may be considered bad etiquette
in another. There are two important perceptions on cultural variability namely ethnocentrism and
cultural relativism.

It is a perception that arices from the facet that

cultures differ and each culture defines reality
differently.
Ethnocentrism
Judging another culture solely by the values

The attempt to judge behavior according to

its cultural context.
Cultural
Relativism The principle that an individual person's
beliefs and activities should be understood by
others in terms of that individual's own
culture.

ACTIVITY 1
What I understand

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 Direction: Give at least 2 examples of the following that may reflect the culture of people in a
certain place. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Language
a. ____________________________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________________________
2. Celebrations
a. ____________________________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________________________
3. Language
a. ____________________________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________________________
4. Food
a. ____________________________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________________________
5. Religion
a. ____________________________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________________________

ACTIVTY 2

Stop and Reflect

Directions: Create a table that shows a summary of what you have learned from the discussion above.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

What Cultural Relativism is What Cultural Relativism is NOT The Importance of

Cultural Relativism

POST TEST

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A. Multiple Choice. Choose the BEST answer. You can write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
_______ 1. The following are examples of material culture except.
a. Tools c. Dwelling Units
b. Weapons d. Customs
_______ 2. These are guides or models of behavior which tell us what is proper and which are
appropriate or inappropriate, right or wrong.
a. Folkways c. Beliefs
b. Norms d. Laws
_______ 3. These are customary patterns of everyday life that specify what is socially correct and
proper in everyday life.
a. Mores c. Laws
b. Norms d. Folkways
_______ 4. They embody the code of ethics and standards of morality in society.
a. Mores c. Folkways
b. Norms d. Fads
_______ 5 They represent the standards we use to evaluate the desirability of things.
a. Fads c. Laws
b. Values d. Mores
_______ 6. It refers to the practical application of knowledge in converting raw materials into finished
products.
a. Folkways c. Mores
b. Values d. Technology
_______ 7. This arises from the fact that cultures differ and each culture defines reality differently.
a. Indoctrination c. Ethnocentrism
b. Relativism d. Imitation
_______ 8. A composite or multifarious areas that comprise beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws,
norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and everything that a person learns and shares as a member of
society.
a. Culture c. Society
b. Relativism d. Ethnocentrism
_______ 9. It consists of tangible things used by man in his everyday life.
a. Material Culture c. Non-Material Culture
b. Fads d. Values

_______ 10. It refers to a group of people sharing a common culture within a defined territorial
boundary.

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 a. Region c. Place
b. Society d. Country
_______ 11. Below are intangible things except
a. Church c. Ideas
b. Religion d. Behavior

_______ 12. The patterns of repetitive behavior which becomes habitual and conventional part of
living.
a. Folkways c. Mores
b. Values d. Technology
_______ 13. It is anything held to be relatively worthy, important, desirable, or valuable.
a. Folkways c. Mores
b. Values d. Technology
_______ 14. Judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one’ s own culture.
a. Folkways c. Mores
b. Values d. Technology
_______ 15. It refers to any information received and perceived to be true.
a. Social Norms c. Knowledge
b. Folkways d. Technology
_______ 16. It is the perception of accepted reality.
a. Social Norms c. Knowledge
b. Mores d. Beliefs
_______ 17. These are established expectations of society as to how a person is supposed to act
depending on the requirements of the time, place or situation.
a. Social Norms c. Knowledge
b. Mores d. Beliefs
_______ 18. It is an attempt to judge behavior according to its cultural context.
a. Cultural Indoctrination c. Cultural Relativity
b. Subcultures d. Culture Shock
_______ 19. The set of ethical standards and moral obligations as dictates of reason that distinguishes
human acts as right or wrong or good from bad.
a. Folkways c. Mores
b. Values d. Technology
_______ 20. Refers to the differences in social behaviors that different cultures around the world.
a. Cultural Variation c. Cultural Relativism
b. Cultural Boundaries d. Cultural Phenomenon