Cell Structures

Cell Structures
GCSE OCR Revision • Biology
Total magnification is
calculated by multiplying the
How is the magnification of a
magnification of the eyepiece
light microscope calculated?
lens by the magnification of
the objective lens.

1 1
What Happens in Cells

What Happens in Cells

GCSE OCR Revision • Biology

What term is used to describe A DNA molecule forms the

the shape of a DNA molecule? shape of a double helix.

2 2

GCSE OCR Revision • Biology

Respiration

Respiration

glucose + oxygen
What is the word equation
carbon dioxide + water
for aerobic respiration?
(+ energy released)

3 3
Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis

GCSE OCR Revision • Biology

The products of
What are the products of
photosynthesis are glucose
photosynthesis?
and oxygen.

4 4
Supplying the Cell

Supplying the Cell

What is the process GCSE OCR Revision • Biology

Osmosis is the movement of
by which water
water molecules from a dilute
molecules move across a
to a more concentrated solution
partially permeable membrane
across a partially permeable
from a dilute solution to a
membrane.
more concentrated one?
5 5
The Challenges of Size

The Challenges of Size

An efficient exchange system
GCSE OCR Revision • Biology
Exchange surfaces should have: (1) a large
allow efficient transport of surface-area-to-volume ratio;
materials. What are the three (2) thin membranes so the
main features of an efficient diffusion distance is short;
exchange system? (3) a good supply of transport
medium (e.g. blood, air, etc.).
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The Heart and

The Heart and

GCSE OCR Revision • Biology
Blood Cells

Blood Cells
The three types of blood
What are the three types of
vessel are arteries, capillaries
blood vessel?
and veins.

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Plants, Water and

Plants, Water and

GCSE OCR Revision • Biology Translocation is the

movement of glucose from
Minerals

Minerals

the leaf (where it is produced)

What is translocation?
to other parts of the plant
(where it is needed) via the
phloem.
8 8

The nervous system is

Coordination and

Coordination and

GCSE OCR Revision • Biology composed of the central

nervous system (the brain
Control

Control

The nervous system is

and the spinal cord) and the
composed of two parts. What
peripheral nervous system
are they?
(all the other nerve cells
that connect to the central
9 nervous system). 9
The Eye and the Brain

The Eye and the Brain

GCSE OCR Revision • Biology

In the eye, what two

The ciliary body and suspensory
structures control the shape
ligaments control the shape of
of the lens, allowing light to
the lens.
be focused?

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The Endocrine System

The Endocrine System

GCSE OCR Revision • Biology
Hormones are
Hormones are released
chemical messengers
directly into the blood, which
produced by glands. How
transports them to their
do they reach their target
target organ.
organ?

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Hormones and

Hormones and
GCSE OCR Revision • Biology
Their Uses

Their Uses
What two hormones Most contraceptive pills
are combined in most contain oestrogen and
contraceptive pills? progesterone.

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Plant Hormones

Plant Hormones

GCSE OCR Revision • Biology

What hormone causes

Auxin causes phototropism in
phototropism in a plant
a plant shoot.
shoot?

13 13
Maintaining Internal

Maintaining Internal
Environments

Environments

GCSE OCR Revision • Biology

High blood sugar levels cause

What triggers the pancreas to
the pancreas to produce
produce insulin?
insulin.

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Water and the

Water and the

GCSE OCR Revision • Biology

The kidney is made
Kidneys

Kidneys

up of many filtering units Selective reabsorption takes

called nephrons. Where in place in the tubules of the
the nephron does selective nephron.
reabsorption take place?

15 15
 Photosynthesis GCSE OCR Revision • Biology
Recycling

Recycling
removes carbon Respiration (animal, plant and
dioxide from the atmosphere. microbial) and combustion
What two processes release release carbon dioxide to the
carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
atmosphere?
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Decomposition and

Decomposition and
Interdependence

Interdependence
GCSE OCR Revision • Biology
What is the name
Mutualism. In a mutualistic
of the relationship between
relationship, both organisms
two organisms where both
depend on each other and
depend on each other and
both benefit.
both benefit?

17 17
Biomass and Energy

Biomass and Energy

Energy is lost from the food

GCSE OCR Revision • Biology
A pyramid of chain as organisms move and
Transfers

Transfers

biomass shows that respire, produce heat and

energy is lost at each excrete waste. Some energy
trophic level of a food may be used to produce
chain. Why is this? inedible body parts, such as
shells or feathers.
18 18

The allele for brown GCSE OCR Revision • Biology

eyes is dominant to
Genes

Genes

the allele for blue eyes. What The person will have
will be the phenotype of a brown eyes.
person who is heterozygous
for eye colour?
19 19
Reproduction

Reproduction
Genetics and

Genetics and

GCSE OCR Revision • Biology

What type of cell division

Meiosis produces gametes.
produces gametes?

20 20
 Natural Selection and

Natural Selection and

GCSE OCR Revision • Biology
For evolution to
Evolution

Evolution
occur, there must be
Variation can arise through
genetic variation in a
mutations in genes.
population. How might
genetic variation arise?

21 21
Maintaining the

Maintaining the
Monitoring and

Monitoring and
Environment

Environment
GCSE OCR Revision • Biology

What piece of equipment is A quadrat is used to sample

used to sample the number of the number of plant species
plant species in a field? in a field.

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Investigations

Investigations

GCSE OCR Revision • Biology All measurements should be

In an investigation,
repeated. If a single reading
how would you make sure
is very different to the others
your measurements are
(anomalous), this might
reliable and identify any that
indicate that an error has
might be anomalous?
been made in measuring.
23 23

GCSE OCR Revision • Biology

Human Race

Human Race
Feeding the

Feeding the

Food security is ensuring that

all people have access to
What is food security?
sufficient, safe and nutritious
food.

24 24
Maintaining Health

Maintaining Health

Microorganisms are prevented

Monitoring and

Monitoring and

GCSE OCR Revision • Biology from entering the body by the

What are the four skin (a physical barrier), platelets
main human defences that help the blood to clot and
to stop microorganisms seal wounds, mucous in the lungs
entering the body? that traps microorganisms and
acid in the stomach that destroys
microorganisms.
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Treatment of Disease

Treatment of Disease
Prevention and

Prevention and
GCSE OCR Revision • Biology

Antibiotics are used for

Why wouldn’t you use
bacterial infections. They have
antibiotics to treat a cold
no effect on viruses, which
caused by a virus?
are found inside the cell.

26 26
Non-Communicable

Non-Communicable
Cardiovascular disease can be
GCSE OCR Revision • Biology
treated with lifestyle changes
Diseases

Diseases
What three options can be (healthy eating and exercise,
used to treat cardiovascular stopping smoking), surgery
disease? (heart transplants or stents)
and medications (statins or
aspirin).
27 27