CẤU TRÚC WRITING TASK 1

I. INTRODUCTION

1. CHỦ NGỮ + TÊN HÌNH:

The given / the supplied / the presented / the shown / the provided +
diagram / table / figure / illustration / graph / chart / flow chart / picture/ presentation/
pie chart / bar graph/ column graph / line graph / table data/ data / information /
pictorial/ process diagram/ map/ pie chart and table/ bar graph and pie chart

2. ĐỘNG TỪ

shows / represents / depicts / enumerates / illustrates / presents/ gives / provides /

delineates/ outlines/ describes / delineates/ expresses/ denotes/ compares/ shows
contrast / indicates / figures / gives data on / gives information on/ presents
information about/ shows data about/ demonstrates/ sketch out/ summarises…

3. MÔ TẢ

The comparison of ….
The proportion of ….
The trend of…
The percentages of…
The number of ….
The amount of….
The figure for….

II. OVERVIEW
1. In general,….

2. Overal,…

3. As can be seen,…

4. It is clear,….

5. It is obvious,…..

III. BODY (Detail 1 and 2)

1. According to the ….
2. It could be noticed that ….
3. The data suggest that ….
4. It is clear from the data ….
5. It is worth noticing that ….
 Xu hướng (Trend) Verb Noun
Xu hướng tăng - increase - an increase
- rise - a rise
- grow - a growth
- go up - an upward trend
- climb - a climb

Xu hướng tăng mạnh - rocket - a rocket

- soar - a soar
- leap - a leap
- jump - a jump

Xu hướng giảm - decrease - a decrease

- fall/fall down - a fall
- go down - a downward trend
- reduce - a reduction
- decline - a decline
- drop - a drop

Xu hướng giảm mạnh - plunge

- slump
- dive
- plummet
- dip

Xu hướng tăng giảm bất thường - fluctuate - fluctuation

- vary - variation
- wave

- remain/stay stable - stabilty

Xu hướng ổn định - remain/stay unchanged
- stabilize
- to be unchanged

Đạt mức cao nhất - reach a peak

- reach/hit the highest point
Đạt mức thấp nhất - reach/hit the lowest point
- fall to a low
- reach a bottom

Các từ miêu tả sự mở rộng: Các từ miêu tả sự chuyển đổi

- Enlarged - Demolished 
- Expanded - Knocked down
- Extended - Pulled down
- Made bigger - Removed
- Developed - Cut down (tree, forest)
 ADJ ADV NGHĨA
dramatic dramatically
sharp sharply
enormous enormously
substantial substantially
considerable considerably Thay đổi nhiều, đáng kể,
significant significantly nhanh và rõ ràng
rapid rapidly
tremendous tremendously
remarkable remarkably
noticeable noticeably
moderate moderately Thay đổi bình thường, ổn
constant constantly định
progressive progressively
slight slightly
minimal marginally
marginal marginally Thay đổi ít, không đáng để
steady steadily
slow slowly
gradual gradually
DATES, MONTHS & YEARS RELATED VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR:
» From 1990 to 2000, Commencing from 1980, Between 1995 and 2005, After 2012.

» By 1995, In 1998, In February, Over the period, During the period, During 2011.

» In the first half of the year, For the first quarter, The last quarter of the year, During the first
decade.

» In the 80s, In the 1980s, During the next 6 months, In the mid-70s, Next 10 years, Previous year,
Next year, Between 1980 - 1990.

» Within a time span of ten years, within five years.

» Next month, Next quarter, Next year, Previous month, Previous year.

» Since, Then, From.

FRACTIONS

4% = A tiny fraction. 24% = Almost a quarter.

25% = Exactly a quarter. 26% = Roughly one quarter.

32% = Nearly one-third, nearly a third 49% = Around a half, just under a half.

50% = Exactly a half. 51% = Just over a half.

73% = Nearly three quarters. 79% = Well over three quarters.

Các từ vựng tả mức độ thay đổi
1. Thay đổi lớn, nhanh, rõ rệt - Rapid change

ADVERB: dramatically / rapidly / sharply / quickly / hurriedly / speedily / swiftly /

significantly/ considerably / substantioally / noticably.

ADJECTIVE: dramatic / rapid / sharp / quick / hurried / speedy / swift / significant /

considerable / substantial / noticable.

2. Thay đổi ở mức trung bình - Moderate change

ADVERB: moderately / gradually / progressively / sequentially.

ADJECTIVE: moderate / gradual / progressive / sequential.

3. Thay đổi đều, thay đổi ổn định - Steady change

ADVERB: steadily/ ceaselessly.

ADJECTIVE: steady/ ceaseless.

4. Thay đổi nhỏ - Slight change

ADVERB: slightly / slowly / mildly / tediously.

ADJECTIVE: slight / slow / mild / tedious

Các từ vựng để tả trend - xu hướng

1. TẢ SỰ TĂNG DẦN - Gradual increase

NOUN: an upward trend / an upward tendency / a ceiling trend

2. TẢ SỰ GIẢM DẦN - Gradual decrease

NOUN: a downward trend / a downward tendency / a descending trend

Cách dùng giới từ

- Dùng giới từ “to” khi mô tả sự thay đổi đến mức nào đó

In 2008, the rate of unemployment rose to 10%.

- Dùng giới từ “by” khi mô tả sự thay đổi một khoảng nào đó

In 2009, the rate of unemployment fell by 2% (from 10% to 8%).

- Dùng giời từ “with” để nói về phần trăm, số lượng chiếm được

He won the election with 52% of the vote.

- Dùng giới từ “at” để thêm con số vào cuối câu

Unemployment reached its highest level in 2008, at 10%

Cách mô tả số lượng

The number of + Plural Countable Noun + Singular Verb Form

 The number of people out of work fell by 99,000 to 2.39 million in the three months to October.

The amount of + Singular Uncountable Noun + Singular Verb Form

 The amount of rainfall doubles between May and June.

The proportion of + Countable or Uncountable Nouns + Singular Verb Form

 The proportion of spending on furniture and equipment reached its peak in 2001, at 23%.

The percentage of + Countable or Uncountable Nouns + Singular Verb Form

 The percentage of people using their phones to access the Internet jumped to 41% in

The figures for Countable or Uncountable Nouns + Plural Verb Form

 The figures for imprisonment fluctuated sharply over the period shown.