Before there was agriculture, foraging was the practice where people used

to hunt and gather their own food.  Men were usually the hunters and the
women were the gatherers. Then about 11,000 years ago, agriculture
began in the east of the Mediterranean called the Fertile Crescent.
According to N.S. Gill, "The "Fertile Crescent" refers to an ancient area of
fertile soil and important rivers stretching in an arc from the Nile to the
Tigris and Euphrates.
So why did it happen?

 Agriculture began due to overpopulation and climate change. 

 Overpopulation occurred and people could no longer survive just on

hunting/gathering, so they started to farm. Glaciers also melted and
the temperature became "just right" for farming.

How did it happen?

 Fertile soil and rivers make an area suitable for farming. They are
essential for agriculture. Without it, you cannot grow crops.

What was the impact?

 Agriculture allows people to become stable, have an abundant

amount of food supply, and live in one area for very long.

 Due to the abundant amount of food, not everyone has to farm and
"specialization" occurred, which meant that people could have other
jobs than being a farmer. You could be a king, soldier, merchant,
teacher, etc.

Tansitional stage lasted for several thousand years in some locations until
resource stress or environmental change led to the switch to agriculture
and or farming.