Electricity

Exercise - 01

Multiple choice questions

1. When a glass rod is rubbed with silk, then silk
(1) Loses some electrons (2) Gains some electrons
(3) Loses some protons (4) Gains some protons
2. The property that is not associated with the charge of a system is
(1) Conservation (2) Quantisation
(3) Additive nature (4) Directional nature
3. A current of 1 A is drawn by a filament of an electric bulb. Number of electrons passing
through a cross-section of the filament in 16 seconds would be roughly
(1) 1020 (2) 1016 (3) 1018 (4) 1023
4. Two identical charges 3.0 m apart, exert forces of magnitude of 90 newton on each other in
vacuum. The value of each charge is
(1) 3 × 10–5 C (2) 9 × 10–8 C (3) 3 × 10–4 C (4) 9 × 10–3 C
5. Which of the following represents voltage?
Work done
(1) (2) work done × charge
Current × Time
Work done × charge
(3) (4) work done × charge × time
Current
6. Which of the following is an insulator?
(1) Iron (2) Pure water
(3) Graphite (4) Aqueous solution of NaCl
7. Two metal spheres are at different electric potentials and they are joined by a conducting
wire as shown in figure given below. Which of the following statements is correct related to
the figure shown below?
High potential Low potential

X
A B
Y

(1) X represents electric current while Y represents electron.

(2) X represents proton while Y represents electron.
(3) X represents electron while Y represents electric current.
(4) X represents electric current while Y represents proton.

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NCERT Course : Class 10
8. The proper representation of series combination of cells obtaining maximum potential is

(i) (ii)

(iii) (iv)

(1) (i) (2) (ii)

(3) (iii) (4) (iv)
9. Identify the circuit in which the electrical components have been properly connected.
+ – () + – ()

– –
R V R + A
+ V +
+ – –
A
(i) (ii)
+ – () + – ()

– +
R + V R + A
A + V –
– –
(iii) (iv)

(1) (i) (2) (ii)

(3) (iii) (4) (iv)
10. A cell, a resistor, a key and ammeter are arranged as shown in the circuit diagrams of figure.
The current recorded in the ammeter will be
R R K
+ – –
A
+ + – () + –
K
()

–
()

K
R A
+ + –
A
(i) (ii) (iii)

(1) maximum in (i) (2) maximum in (ii)

(3) maximum in (iii) (4) the same in all the cases.
11. A student carries out an experiment and plots the V-I graph of three samples of nichrome
wire with resistances R1, R2 and R3 respectively. Which of the following is true?
R1
R2
I
(ampere) R3

V(volts)

(1) R1 = R2 = R3 (2) R1 > R2 > R3

(3) R2 > R3 > R1 (4) R3 > R2 > R1

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12. A cylindrical conductor of length  and uniform area of cross-section A has resistance R.

Another conductor of length 2 and resistance R of the same material has area of cross-

section
(1) A/2 (2) 3A/2 (3) 2A (4) 3A
13. Electrical resistivity of a given metallic wire depends upon
(1) its length (2) its thickness
(3) nature of the material. (4) its shape
14. The resistivity does not change if
(1) the material is changed.
(2) the temperature is changed.
(3) the shape of the resistor is changed.
(4) both material and temperature are changed.
15. A copper wire of resistance 4 Ω is stretched, such that its length gets tripled, under the
same temperature. The new resistance of this wire is
(1) 2 Ω (2) 4 Ω (3) 12 Ω (4) 36 Ω
16. A 100 Ω nichrome wire is doubled on itself. The new resistance of this wire is
(1) 25 Ω (2) 50 Ω (3) 100 Ω (4) 400 Ω
17. What is the maximum resistance which can be made using five resistors each of 1/5 Ω?
(1) 1/5 Ω (2) 10 Ω (3) 5 Ω (4) 1 Ω
18. What is the minimum resistance which can be made using five resistors each of 1/5 Ω?
(1) 1/5 Ω (2) 1/25 Ω (3) 1/10 Ω (4) 25 Ω
19. Two resistors of resistance 2 Ω and 4 Ω, when connected to a battery, will have
(1) Same current flowing through them when connected in parallel.
(2) Same current flowing through them when connected in series.
(3) Same potential difference across them when connected in series.
(4) Different potential difference across them when connected in parallel.
20. Unit of electric power may also be expressed as
(1) Volt ampere (2) Kilowatt hour (3) Watt second (4) Joule second
21. An electric kettle consumes 1 kW of electric power when operated at 220 V. A fuse wire of
what rating must be used for it?
(1) 1 A (2) 2 A (3) 4 A (4) 5 A
22. In an electrical circuit, two resistors of 2 Ω and 4 Ω respectively are connected in series to a
6 V battery. The heat dissipated by the 4 Ω resistor in 5 s will be
(1) 5 J (2) 10 J (3) 20 J (4) 30 J

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NCERT Course : Class 10
23. In an electrical circuit, three incandescent bulbs A, B and C of rating 40 W, 60 W and 100 W
respectively are connected in parallel to an electric source. Which of the following is likely
to happen regarding their brightness?
(1) Brightness of all the bulbs will be the same
(2) Brightness of bulb B will be more than that of A
(3) Brightness of bulb A will be the maximum
(4) Brightness of bulb C will be less than that of B
24. In the following circuits, heat produced in the resistor or combination of resistors
connected to a 12 V battery will be
2 2 2
+
2 2 12V
+ – + – –
12V (i) 12V (ii) (iii)

(1) Same in all the cases (2) Minimum in case (i)

(3) Maximum in case (ii) (4) Maximum in case (iii)
25. If the current I through a resistor is increased by 100% (assume that temperature remains
unchanged), the increase in power dissipated will be
(1) 100% (2) 200% (3) 300% (4) 400%
True or false
1. To make an uncharged object negatively charged, we must remove some electrons.
2. The magnitude of the charge on an electron is approximately of the order 10–19 C.
3. A coulomb is the same as (ampere × second).
4. In metals, the electric current is mainly due to the movement of free electrons.
5. Free electrons move to the right in a certain wire. This indicates that current is towards the
right in the wire.
6. Ohm’s law is applicable to all conductors of electricity.
7. The V-I graph for two metallic wires A and B are shown below. Here, resistance of wire A is
greater than resistance of wire B.
A
I B

8. A current of 0.5 A exists in a 60-ohm lamp. The applied potential difference is 30 V.

9. It is not possible to construct wires of the same length, one of iron and the other of
aluminium, such that they have the same resistance at the same temperature.
10. Three resistances of value 2 Ω, 3 Ω and 6 Ω can be connected to give an effective resistance
of 4 Ω.

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 Physics

1. Match the column

Column-I Column-II
(A) Metallic conductors (p) Like charge
(B) Smallest independent charge (q) Ohm's law
(c) Static Electricity (r) Charge at rest
(D) Repulsion (s) Electron
2. Match the column
Column-I Column-II
(A) Series combination of resistors (p) Minimum resistance
(B) Parallel combination of resistors (q) Potential difference
(c) Voltmeter (r) Charge in motion
(D) Current Electricity (s) Maximum resistance
3. Match the column
Column-I Column-II
(A) Electric safety device (p) Electric fuse
(B) Tungsten filament (q) Nichrome wire
(c) Heating element (r) Electric bulb
(D) Ammeter (s) Very low resistance
Fill in the blanks
1. If a neutral body is made negatively charged, there is a/an ................. in its mass.
2. If 500 J of work is required to carry a charged particle between two points with a potential
difference of 20 V, the magnitude of the charge on the particle is .............
3. Current is a measure of amount of .......... that moves past a point per unit time.
4. If 1200 C of charge flows through a cross-section of wire in 4 minutes, then the value of the
current ................ .
5. In a conductor carrying a current, we expect the electrons to drift towards the .................. end
of the conductor.
6. Resistivity of a material is ......................... of the area of cross-section of the material.
7. Four resistors each having resistance R are joined in series and connected to a battery of
voltage V. The equivalent resistance of the combination is .............. and potential difference
across each resistor is ............. .
8. In a parallel combination of resistances, the current is ............. through the larger resistance.

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NCERT Course : Class 10
9. Kilowatt hour (KWH) is the commercial unit of electric energy, its value in joules is
.......................
10. The bulbs are usually filled with ................. or ................... gases to increase the life of bulbs.
Crossword puzzle

Across
1. SI unit of charge.
4. Combination of resistors offering maximum resistance.
10. Resistors which obey Ohm's law.
11. Material used as filament in electric bulb.
13. Instrument used to measure potential difference.
14. Substance which allows electric current to flow through it.
15. Combination of resistors offering minimum resistance.
Down
2. A source of constant emf.
3. Commercial unit of energy.
5. Ohm is the unit of ............
6. A variable resistance.
7. Instrument used to detect the flow of current.
8. Instrument used to measure current.
9. Substance which does not allow electric current to flow through it.
12. SI unit of electric current.

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Answer Key
Multiple choice questions
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ans. 2 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 2 4 4 3 3 3 4
Que. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Ans. 1 4 2 2 1 4 3 2 4 3
True or false
1. False 2. True 3. True 4. True 5. False
6. False 7. False 8. True 9. False 10. True
Match the column
1. (A → q), (B → s), (C → r), (D → p) 2. (A → s), (B → p), (C → q), (D → r)
3. (A → p), (B → r), (C → q), (D → s)
Fill in the blanks
1. increase 2. 25 C 3. charge 4. 5 A 5. positive
6. independent 7. 4R ; V/4 8. less 9. 3.6  106 10. nitrogen ; argon

Crossword puzzle
1 2
C O U L O M B
3 4 5
K S E R I E S A
I E T
6 7
L R S G T
8 9
O H I A A I E
10
W E S M L I N E A R
A O T M V S Y

T S A E A U
11
T T U N G S T E N L
12
H A C E O A A
13
V O L T M E T E R M T M
U E O P
14
R E
C O N D U C T O R
E R
15
P A R A L L E L

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NCERT Course : Class 10

Exercise - 02

Very short answer type questions

1. What type of charge is acquired by a body from which some electrons have been removed?
2. What is meant by 'quantisation of charge'?
3. If the distance between two electric charges is doubled, how much will the force exerted
between them change to?
4. Define the SI unit of electrical potential.
5. Name two conductors and two insulators of electricity.
6. Define the term “electric current”.
7. A dry cell usually has a small cap at one end and a flat surface at the other end. Which of the
two is at a higher potential?
8. Name the instruments used to measure electric current and potential difference
respectively. Which of these is connected in series and which is connected in parallel in a
circuit?
9. Consider the units volt, ohm and ampere. One of them is the same as the product of the
other two. Which one is this?
10. How does electric resistance change with the change in the area of cross-section of
conductor?
11. A wire of resistivity ‘r’ is pulled to double its length. What will be its new resistivity?
12. You have two resistors of resistances 30 Ω and 60 Ω. What resistances can you get by
combining the two?
13. A wire of resistance 5 Ω is bent in the form of a closed circle. What is the resistance
between two points at the ends of any diameter of the circle?
14. State which has a higher resistance: a 50 watt or a 25 watt lamp bulb and how many times?
15. Why is much less heat generated in long electric cables than in filaments of electric bulbs?
Short answer type questions
1. How does potential difference cause an electric current to flow through a metallic
conductor?
2. Should the resistance of an ammeter be low or high? Give reason.
3. A child has drawn the electric circuit to study Ohm’s law as shown in figure. His teacher told
that the circuit diagram needs correction. Study the circuit diagram and redraw it after
making all corrections.
()

Y R Y
V
– +
A

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4. What is electrical resistivity? In a series electrical circuit comprising a resistor made up of a

metallic wire, the ammeter reads 5 A. The reading of the ammeter decreases to half when
the length of the wire is doubled. Why?
5. A piece of wire is redrawn by pulling it, until its length is trebled. Compare the new resistance
of wire with the original resistance.
6. Draw a circuit diagram of an electric circuit containing a cell, a key, an ammeter, a resistor of
2 Ω in series with a combination of two resistors (4 Ω each) in parallel and a voltmeter across
the parallel combination. Will the potential difference across the 2 Ω resistor be the same as
that across the parallel combination of 4 Ω resistors? Give reason.
7. A current of 1 ampere flows in a series circuit containing an electric lamp and a conductor of
5 Ω when connected to a 10 V battery. Calculate the resistance of the electric lamp. Now if a
resistance of 10 Ω is connected in parallel with this series combination, what change (if any)
in current flowing through 5 Ω conductor and potential difference across the lamp will take
place? Give reason.
8. Why is series arrangement not used for connecting domestic electrical appliances in a
circuit?
9. Three 2 Ω resistors, A, B and C, are connected as shown in figure. Each of them dissipates
energy and can withstand a maximum power of 18 W without melting. Find the maximum
current that can flow through the three resistors.
2
I 2
B I
2
A
C

10. B1, B2 and B3 are three identical bulbs connected as shown in figure. When all the three bulbs
glow, a current of 3 A is recorded by the ammeter A.
+ – B1
A1
B2 + –
A2
+ – B3
A3
+ – (• ) A
– +
4.5V

(i) What happens to the glow of the other two bulbs when the bulb B1 gets fused?
(ii) What happens to the reading of A1, A2, A3 and A when the bulb B2 gets fused?
(iii) How much power is dissipated in the circuit when all the three bulbs glow together?

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NCERT Course : Class 10
Long answer type questions
1. Why voltmeter is always connected parallel in the circuit?
V
A
A 1 B 3 C 2 D

3V
How would the reading of (V) change if it is connected between B and C? Justify your answer.
2. State Ohm’s law. How can it be verified experimentally? Does it hold good under all
conditions? Comment.
3. What is electrical resistivity of a material? What is its unit?
Describe an experiment to study the factors on which the resistance of conducting wire
depends.
4. How will you infer with the help of an experiment that the same current flows through every
part of the circuit containing three resistances in series connected to a battery?
5. How will you conclude that the same potential difference (voltage) exists across three
resistors connected in a parallel arrangement to a battery?
6. Find out the following in the electric circuit given in fig.
(1) Effective resistance of two 8 Ω resistors in the combination.
(2) Current flowing through 4 Ω resistor.
(3) Potential difference across 4 Ω resistance.
(4) Power dissipated in 4 Ω resistor.
(5) Difference in ammeter readings, if any.
A B C
• • + A1 – •
+ 4
8V –
8 8
( )

•
–A + •D
2

7. What is Joule’s heating effect? How can it be demonstrated experimentally? List its four
applications in daily life.
8. Explain any two applications of thermal effect of current.
9. (i) A fuse wire melts at 5A. If it is desired that the fuse wire melt at 10A, then whether the
new fuse wire should be of smaller or larger radius than the earlier one? Give reason for your
answer.
(ii) If the radius of a current carrying conductor is halved, how does current through it
change?

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10. Three incandescent bulbs of 100 W each are connected in series in an electric circuit. In
another circuit, another set of three bulbs of the same wattage are connected in parallel to
the same source.
(1) Will the bulb in the two circuits glow with the same brightness? Justify your answer.
(2) Now let one bulb in both the circuits get fused.
Will the rest of the bulbs continue to glow in each circuit? Give reason.
Numerical problems
1. A TV set shoots out a beam of electrons. The beam current is 10 mA. How many electrons
strike the TV screen per second? How much charge strikes the screen in a minute?

2. A charge of 50 C is moved from infinity to two points A and B in an electric field. The work
done to do so upto A and B is 20 J and 25 J respectively. What is the potential difference
between points A and B?
3. In an experiment to verify Ohm' law, the current through a resistor and the potential
difference across it are measured. From the values given below, plot a graph of I versus V.
Show that the data confirms Ohm's law, and find the resistance of the resistor.
Current (I) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
Potential diff. (V) 1.2 2.4 3.6 4.8
4. Calculate the resistance of a copper wire of length 1 m and area of cross section 2 mm2.
Resistivity of copper is 1.7 × 10–8 Ω m.
5. A copper wire has a resistance of 0.6 Ω. Another copper wire of the same mass as the first
one, is double in length of the first. Find the resistance of the second wire.
6. Consider the circuit shown in figure. The voltmeter on the left reads 10 V and that on the
right reads 8 V. Find (a) the current through the resistance R, (b) the value of R, and (c) the
potential difference across the battery.
10 V 8V
+V – V
+ –
A B
• • •C
R 4

7. Find (a) the equivalent resistance, (b) the current passing through the cell, and (c) the
current passing through the 30 Ω resistor in the circuit shown in fig.
15

30

6V

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NCERT Course : Class 10
8. In the circuit shown below, calculate the total resistance of the circuit and the current
flowing through it.
5 20

15 10

24V
9. Consider the circuit shown in fig. Calculate the current through the 3 Ω resistor.
i1 3
4
i
i2 6

12V
10. A 400 W refrigerator operates for 16 hrs/day. Calculate the cost to operate it for 30 days at
Rs. 3.40 per kWh.
Activity based questions
1. In a voltmeter, there are 20 divisions between 0 mark and 0.5 mark. The least count of the
voltmeter is
(1) 0.020 V (2) 0.025 V (3) 0.050 V (4) 0.250 V
2. Which two circuit components are connected in parallel in the following circuit diagram?
+V –

–
A
+
( )
+ –
(1) rheostat and voltmeter (2) voltmeter and resistor
(3) ammeter and resistor (4) voltmeter and ammeter
3. The current flowing through a resistor connected in an electrical circuit and the potential
difference developed across its ends are shown in the following diagrams.
0 200 2
10 1
0 0
300

mV mA

The value of resistance of the resistor in ohms is

(1) 100 (2) 150 (3) 200 (4) 250

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4. In an experiment to determine equivalent resistance of two resistors R1 and R2 in series,

which one of the following circuit diagrams shows the correct way of connecting the
voltmeter in the circuit?
( ) ( )
+ – + –

R1 R2 R1 R2
(1) + – (2) + –
A V

V A
+ – + –
( ) ( )
+ – + –
+ +
A V
– R2 – R2
R1 R1
(3) (4)

V A
+ – + –
5. To determine the equivalent resistance of a series combination of two resistors R1 and R2, a
student arranges the following set up.
( )
+ – R1 R2

+ –
A

+V –
This circuit gives
(1) Incorrect reading for current I as well as potential difference V
(2) Correct reading for current I but incorrect reading for potential difference V
(3) Correct reading for potential difference V but incorrect reading for current I
(4) Correct reading for both current I as well as potential difference V
6. To determine the equivalent resistance of two resistors R1 and R2 when connected in series,
a student arranged the circuit components as shown in the diagram. But he did not succeed
to achieve the objective.
( ) A
+ – – +

R1 R2

V+
–
Which of the following mistakes has been committed by him in setting up the circuit?
(1) Position of ammeter is incorrect
(2) Position of voltmeter is incorrect
(3) Terminals of voltmeter are wrongly connected
(4) Terminals of ammeter are wrongly connected

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NCERT Course : Class 10
7. The correct set up for determining the equivalent resistance of two resistors R1 and R2 when
connected in parallel is
– + – +
( ) V ( ) A
+ – + –
R1 R1
(1) R2 (2) R2

A
+ – +V –
– + – +
( ) A ( ) A
+ – + –
R1
R1 R2
(3) (4) R2

+V –
V
– +
8. Which of the circuit components in the following circuit diagram are connected in parallel?

+
R2 V
–

– R1
A
+
( )
+ –
(1) R1 and R2 only (2) R2 and V only
(3) R1 and V only (4) R1, R2 and V only
9. The plotted points correctly showing the dependence of the correct I on potential difference
V across a resistor R for linear resistor is

A B C D
I I I I
+
V –

V V –V 5 V
(1) A (2) B A(3) C (4) D
+ 5V
+
10. For the circuits shown in figures (i) & (ii) the ammeter readings–would be
+ +
V – V –

– 5 5
–
A A
+ 5V + 5V
+ – + –
+ –
V
(1) 1 A in circuit (i) 0 A in circuit (ii) (2) 0 A in both circuits
(3) 1 A in both circuits 5 (4) 0 A in circuit (i) 1 A in circuit (ii)
–
A
+ 5V
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Answer Key
Numerical problems
1. 6.25 × 1016 ; 0.6 C 2. 0.1 V 3. 12 Ω 4. 8.5 × 10–3 Ω
5. 2.4 Ω 6. (a) 2 A, (b) 5 Ω, (c) 18 V
7. (a) 10 Ω, (b) 0.6 A, (c) 0.2 A 8. 12.5 Ω, 1.92 A 9. 1.33 A
10. Rs. 652.80

Activity based questions

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. 2 2 1 3 2 3 2 4 1 4

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NCERT Course : Class 10

Exercise – 01 Solutions

Multiple choice questions

1. Option (2)
Glass rod loses some electrons and these electrons are gained by silk.
2. Option (4)
Charge is a scalar quantity
3. Option (1)
Given, current, I = 1A ; time, t = 16 sec ; No. of electrons, n = ?
ne
Now I = { Q = ne}
t
It
or n = {e = 1.6 × 10–19 C}
e
1  16
n= n = 1020
1.6  10−19
4. Option (4)
All the units given are units of charge
5. Option (1)
Work done (W)
We know that V = and Q = I × t
Ch arg e (Q)
W Work done
then V = i.e., voltage =
It Current  time
6. Option (2)
Pure water does not have free ions.
7. Option (1)
Because current flows from higher potential to lower potential and that's why 'x' represents
electric current while electrons flow in the opposite direction of flow of current and that's
why 'y' represents electron.
8. Option (1)

(i)
As cells are connected in same manner, the positive terminal of one cell is connected to the
negative terminal of another cell.

(ii)
Cell number. two, three and four are not connected with same polarity. So the net potential
will be less.

(iii)
Cells number 1 & 2 and 3 & 4 are connected in opposite polarity. The potential of cell '1' is
cancelled out by potential '2' and the potential of cell '3' is cancelled out by potential '4'. So
the total potential of arrangement will be zero.

(iv)
Same as option (iii)
So the maximum potential is obtained in arrangment (i).
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 Physics

9. Option (2)
Because voltmeter is connected in parallel to the resistance and positive terminal of
voltmeter is connected to the positive terminal of cell. Ammeter is connected in series with
resistance and positive terminal of ammeter is connected to the positive terminal of cell and
negative terminal of ammeter is connected to negative terminal of cell.
10. Option (4)
Because all three circuits are same, only arrangement of components are different. Also we
V
know I = In all three circuits 'V' is same and 'R' is same so current will also be same or
R
reading of ammeter will be same.
11. Option (4)
1 1
Because slope of I – V graph gives i.e. slope 
R R
means more the slope, less is the resistance. In the given graph R1 has maximum slope so
its resistance will be smallest amongst all three resistances. R3 has minimum slope so its
value will be maximum.
12. Option (3)
Given length =  ; cross-section area = A ; Resistance = R

R= .......... (1)
A
Now let the new length be '' = 2 ; New cross section area A'.
Given, resistance remains same as 'R'
 '  (2 )
R= R= ......... (2)
A' A'
On diving (1) by (2)

R
= A A' = 2A
R  (2 )
A'
13. Option (3)
It does not depend on length and cross-section area. It depends on the type of material or
nature of material and temperature.
14. Option (3)
Because it does not depend on length and cross-section area of resistance. It can be changed
either by changing temperature or nature of material or both.
15. Option (4)
Given resistance, R = 4 ; length gets tripled i.e., n = 3
R' = n2R
R' = (3)2 × 4  R' = 9 × 4
R' = 36
16. Option (1)
/2

2A
 ( / 2) 
R = 100  = R' = = R' =
A 2A 4A

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NCERT Course : Class 10
1   1
or R' =  R' = × 100
4  A  4
R' = 25
17. Option (4)
Maximum resistance is obtained by connecting all the resistances in series.
1 1 1 1 1 5
R eq = + + + + = = 1 
5 5 5 5 5 5
18. Option (2)
Minimum resistance is obtained by connecting all the resistances in parallel.
1 1 1 1 1 1
= + + + +
R eq (1 / 5) (1 / 5) (1 / 5) (1 / 5) (1 / 5)
1 1
=5+5+5+5+5  = 25  Req = 
R eq 25
19. Option (2)
Because in series, current is same through all resistances connected in series.
20. Option (1)
We know that electric power, P = V I
P = Volt × Ampere
21. Option (4)
Given power, P = 1 kW = 1000 W ; Voltage, V = 220 V ; Current capacity, IC = ?
P
IC =
V
1000
IC =  IC = 4.54 A
220
IC = 4.54 A  5A  IC = 5A
22. Option (3)
Equivalent resistance,
Req = 2 + 4 = 6 
V 6V
Current, I = = = 1 Amp.
R 6
2 

+ –
6V
Heat dissipated by 4  resistor in t = 5 sec is given by
H = I2Rt  H = (1)2 × (4) × (5)
H = 20 J
23. Option (2)
In parallel combination the bulb of maximum power is brightest.
Here bulb B has more power than Bulb A so brightness of bulb B will be more than that of A.
24. Option (4)
1
We know that H  I2 & I 
R
In case (iii) resistances are connected in parallel. So total resistance is minimum and I will
be maximum so heat produced will also be maximum.
25. Option (3)

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 Physics

Initial value of current is 'I' and then increased 100%, then new value of current will be '2I'.
Initial power P = I2R
Now power will be P' = (2I)2 R
P' = 4I2R
P '− P 4I2 R − I2 R
So % increase =  100 = × 100
P I2 R
3I2 R
=  100 = 300%
I2 R
True or false
1. False
Because to make an uncharged object negatively charged we have to add some electrons.
2. True
Because e = 1.6 × 10–19 C
3. True
Q
Because I = and Q = I × t
t
Q = Ampere × sec
4. True
In solids (metals) current flows due to the presence of free electrons.
5. False
Because current always flows in the opposite direction of the flow of electrons.
6. False
Because non-ohmic conductors do not obey ohm's law.
7. False
1
Because in I-V graph the resistance is given by of I-V graph. So, resistance of wire A
Slope
has low resistance than B.
8. True
Given current, I = 0.5 A ; Resistance, R = 60   Voltage, V = ?
According to ohm's law V = IR
V = 0.5 × 60  V = 30 V
9. False
It is possible only when
A A
= A {AL = Iron}
Iron A Iron
Where, 
 Al → Resistivity of aluminium ; Iron → Resistivity of Iron ;
AA → Cross-section area of aluminium wire ; AIron → Cross-section area of iron wire
10. It is true when 3  and 6  are connected in parallel combination and 2  resistance is
connected in series with this parallel combination.

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NCERT Course : Class 10






Activity based questions

1. Option (2)
Given divisions = 20 ; from mark 0 – 0.5 = 0.5 ; least count = ?
0.5
Least count = = 0.025
20
2. Option (2)
In given circuit diagram voltmeter and resistor are connected in parallel combination.
3. Option (1)
Given voltage, V = 150 mV ; current, I = 1.5 mA ; Resistance, R = ?
V 150×10−3 V
R= = = 100 Ω
1 1.5×10−3 A
4. Option (3)
Because ammeter is connected in series with reistors and positive terminal of ammeter is
connected to positive terminal of battery and negative terminal of ammeter is connected to
negative terminal of battery. Similarly in option (3) voltmeter is connected in parallely with
resistors and positive terminal of voltmeter is connected to the positive terminal of the
battery and negative terminal of voltmeter is connected to the negative terminal of battery.
5. Option (2)
Because ammeter is connected in series so it will give correct reading of current flowing
through resistance R1 & R2. But the arrangement or connection of voltmeter is not across
resistors so it will not give the reading of voltage across the combination of R1 & R2.
6. Option (3)
Because positive terminal of voltmeter is connected to the negative terminal of cell and
negative terminal of voltmeter is connected to the positive terminal of cell that are wrongly
connected.
7. Option (2)
Because in only option (2) according to question R1 and R2 are connected parallely.
Voltmeter is connected parallely with parallel combination of R1 & R2 and ammeter
connected in series with this combination and all terminals are connected properly.
8. Option (4)
Because starting terminals of R1 and R2 and positive terminal of voltmeter are connected at
one common point and ending terminal or other terminal of R1 and R2 and negative terminal
of voltmeter are connected at one common point.
9. Option (1)
According to Ohm's law V  I or I  V
10. Option (4)
V 5
OA in circuit (i) because switch is open. In circuit (ii), I = = = 1 A
R 5

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 Physics

Exercise – 02 Solutions

Very short answer type questions

1. 1 Volt is electric potential at any point in an electric field when 1 J work is done in moving a
unit positive charge from infinity to that point.
2. Conductors - copper and silver ; Insulators - wood and pure water
3. The rate of flow of electric charge through any cross-section is called electric current.
4. Instrument used to measure electric current is ammeter. Instrument used to measure
electric potential difference is voltmeter. Voltmeter is connected in parallel and ammeter is
connected in series.
5. As we know V = IR ; volt = ampere × ohm
6. Electric resistance is inversely proportional to area of cross-section of conductor.
7. Resistivity will be the same.
8. When these two resistances of 30  and 60  are connected in series then total resistance
will be 90 . If they are connected in parallel then total resistance will be 20 .
Req =
9. The resistance of 25 watt lamp is 2 times the resistance of 50 watt lamp.
10. The resistivity of filaments are approximately 500 times to the resistivity of conductor used
in electric cables, & the resistance is directly proportional to the resistivity of conductor. So
resistance of filament is more.
As H = I2RT
So more heat will generate in filament than in the electric cable.
Short answer type questions
1. When a potential difference is applied across the conductor, there is an average drift of
electrons in a particular direction. Thus, there is a net transfer of electrons across the
conductor which results in electric current.
2. The resistance of ammeter should be low, because ammeter is connected in series and if it
would be of high resistance, it would not allow efficient current to flow.
3. The correct circuit will be
+ –
()

+ –
A
+ –
V
4. It is a characteristic property of a material rather than that of a particular specimen of
material.
When length of the wire is doubled its resistance becomes double. From V = IR or I = V/R ,
when resistance becomes double (2R), current becomes half.
5. Let the resistivity of conducting wire be ' ', initial length be '1' and initial cross-section be
'A1'.
1

 1 A1
So R1 =
A1
This wire is pulled untill its length is trebled i.e., 2 = 31 and cross-section becomes A2 = A1/3

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NCERT Course : Class 10
2 = 31
A1
A2=
3

So let new resistance be R2

 2 (3 1 )
R2 =  R2 =
A2 A1
3
 1
R2 = 9  R2 = 9R1
A1
New resistance of wire is nine times the initial resistance.
+ –
V

4


+ –
A
4

+ –
6.
Req for parallel combination
1 1 1 1 2 4
or = + or = Req = = 2 
Req 4 4 Req 4 2
 
Circuit can be reduced to
Now two resistance of 2  are in series. Both resistors have equal value so voltage will be
divided equally across each resistor.
So potential difference across the parallel combination of 4  resistors will be the same as
that across the 2 resistor.
7. Initial circuit
Given a lamp and a conductor of 5  connected in series to a 10 V battery and 1 A current is
flowing. Potential difference across each resistor is 5 V.
Let the resistance of lamp be 'x'. Thus, Req = x + 5
We know that V = I × Req
lamp Conductor

x = 5 5
1A 1A

+ –

10V
 10 = 1 (x + 5)  10 = x + 5
x=5
Now 10  is connected in parallel with this series combination
Now Req of circuit will be
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 Physics
1 1 1 1 2 1
= +  = =
Req 10 10 Req 10 5
Req = 5 
V 10
Now I = = =2A
Req 5


Lamp Conductor

 

+ –

10V
This circuit can also be redrawn. In circuit two equal resistances are in parallel so current is
divided equally as shown in figure. So current flowing through 5  conductor will be 1 A i.e.,
no change takes place and potential difference across lamp will be
1A 

1A 

2A
+ –

10V
V = IR
V=1×5
V=5V
So no change takes place across the lamp.
8. In series arrangement if one element fails then entire circuit is blocked, so all devices stop
working.
9. Maximum power P = 18 W for each resistor, so current flowing through resistor A is
P = I2R
P 18
or I2 = = =9
R 2
or I2 = 9
I = 3 Amp
2

I 2 B I

A 2

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NCERT Course : Class 10
This 3 amp will be divided equally in resistor B and resistor C because both have same
resistance. So current through resistor B and resistor C each is 1.5 A. But maximum current
that can flow is limited by the maximum power dissipated by resistor A. So,
Pmax = I2R
Pmax 18
I2 = = = 9 ; or I2 = 9
R 2
or Imax = 3 Amp
10. Given all three bulbs B1, B2 and B3 are identical i.e., all have equal resistance. Total current
recorded by ammeter A is 3 A. So all bulbs are connected parallely and are of equal resistance
so current will be divided equally across each resistance or bulb. Current flowing through
each bulb is 1 A.
Voltage across each resistance or bulb is 4.5 V and current, I = 1 Amp
V 4.5
So, R = = = 4.5 
I 1
4.5
(i) If bulb B1 gets fused then total resistance of circuit will be Req = = 2.25 
2
V 4.5
So current in circuit, I = = =2A
R 2.25
Now, ammeter A reads 2 A and this current will be equally divided in bulbs B 2 and B3.
Current across B2 and B3 will be 1 A and voltage across B2 and B3 will be 4.5 V. There is no
change in current and voltage. So there is no change in brightness of bulb B2 and B3.
(ii) When B2 gets fused, similarly as in solution (i) the current will be same in the remaining
two bulbs, but reading of ammeter A changes.
Ammeter A1 reads 1 A ; Ammeter A2 reads 0 A ; Ammeter A3 reads 1 A ; Ammeter A reads
2 A.
(iii) Resistance of each bulb = 4.5   Voltage across each bulb = 4.5 V
V2 (4.5)2
Power, P = = = 4.5 W
R 4.5
P1 = P2 = P3 = 4.5 W
Total power dissipated in the circuit when all the three bulbs glow together
PT = P1 + P2 + P3 = 4.5 + 4.5 + 4.5 = 13.5 W
11. Given current, I = 10 mA = 10–2A ; time, t = 1 sec ; No. of electrons, n = ?
ne I×t
I=  n=
t e
10−2  1
n= ; {e = 1.6 × 10–19}
1.6 10−19
n = 6.25 × 1016
Amount of charge which strike the screen in a minute will be
Q = I × t = 10–2 × 60 = 0.6 C
12. Given I1 = 0.1 A, I2 = 0.2 A, I3 = 0.3 A, I4 = 0.4 A corresponding to V1 = 1.2 V, V2 = 2.4 V,
V3 = 3.6 V and V4 = 4.8 V respectively. So,
V1 1.2 V2 2.4
R1 = = = 12   R2 = = = 12 
I1 0.1 I2 0.2
V3 3.6 V4 4.8
R3 = = = 12  ; R4 = = = 12 
I3 0.3 I4 0.4

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 Physics

So from above calculation R1 = R2 = R3 = R4 = 12 . So ohm's law is verified and resistance of

resistor is 12 .
13. Given length of wire,  = 1 m ; Area of cross-section, A = 2mm2 = 2 × 10–6 m2 ;
Resistivity,  = 1.7 × 10–8  m ; Resistance, R = ?
 1.7×10−8 ×1
We know that R = R=
A 2×10−6
R = 8.5 × 10–3 
1 1 1 1+2 3 1
14. (a) Req of circuit, = + = = =
𝑅𝑒𝑞 30 15 30 30 10
Req = 10 
(b) I = ?
V 6
I= =  0.6 A
Req 10
15

30

+ –

6V
(c) Here 15  and 30  are connected in parallel combination so both have equal potential
difference across them. So potential difference across 30  resistance is 6 V. Current through
30  is
V 3
I=  I=  I = 0.2 A
R 60
400
15. Given power of refrigerator P = 400 W = = 0.4 kW ; time, t = 16 hrs/day
1000
Energy consumed/day in kWH of refrigerator = 16 × 0.4 = 6.4
Energy consumed in 30 days = 6.4 × 30 = 192 kWh
Cost to operate it for 30 days = 192 × 3.40 = Rs. 652.8
Long answer type questions
1. Ohm's law : According to Ohm’s law, ‘the current through certain conductors is
directly proportional to the potential difference between its ends at a constant
temperature.
I  V or VI
or V = I R
Verification of Ohm's law
(1) Let us setup a circuit consisting of a resistance R ; an ammeter A connected in series
with R; a voltmeter connected in parallel with R; a number of cells each having potential
difference V that are connected in series.

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NCERT Course : Class 10
+v v v v–

X R Y + – K
A (• )

+ V –
(2) First we use only one cell in the circuit and note down the value of current in the circuit
and potential difference across resistance R. Repeat this experiment with two cells, three
cells, four cells, etc. Note down the successive readings in the voltmeter and ammeter. You
will find that for one cell in the circuit, if current in the circuit is I and potential difference is
V, then for two, three, four cells, their values will be 2I, 3I, 4I and 2V, 3V, 4V respectively.
(3) Now, plot a graph between current and voltage. You will get a straight line, which
verifies the Ohm’s law.

4I
3I
I
2I
I
V 2V 3V 4V
V
No, it doesn't hold good in varying temperature conditions.
2. Electrical resistivity is an intrinsic property that quantifies how strongly a given material
opposes the flow of electric current.
SI unit of resistivity is ohm-meter (m)
Experiment to study the factors on which the resistance of conducting wire depends
(1) Connect a circuit which consists of a cell, an ammeter and a wire of high resistance
(say, nichrome) having length L and a switch.

(1) K
(• )
(2)
(3)
(4)

– + +
A –
(2) Now, ‘switch on’ and note down the value of current in the ammeter. Replace the wire
by another one having same cross-sectional area but length ‘2L’. You will find that current
has now decreased to one half. This means resistance is increased in the circuit, i.e., R is
directly proportional to length.
1 1 1 1+1 2 1
= + = = = RL
Reff 8 8 8 8 4

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 Physics

(3) Now, take a nichrome wire of larger cross-sectional area but having same length L. You
will find that current in the circuit has been increased. This means resistance is decreased
in the circuit, i.e. R is inversely proportional to cross-sectional area.

(4) Take another wire instead of nichrome having same cross-sectional area and length as
that of nichrome. You will find that the current in the ammeter has changed (may get
decreased or increased). This means resistance depends on the nature of material of the
wire.
3. Given circuit
A B C
• • + A1 – •
+ 4
8V –
8 8
( )

•
–A + •D
2

(1) Both 8  resistors are connected in parallel so their effective resistance will
be
1 1 1 1+1 2 1
= + = = =  Reff = 4 
Reff 8 8 8 8 4
(2) Before calculating current through 4  first we have to calculate equivalent
resistance of circuit. From above calculation, the effective resistance of 8 
combination is 4  and this is connected in series with 4  resistor.
Req = 4 + 4 = 8 
V 8
Current, I = = =1A
Req 8
So current flowing through 4  resistor is 1 A.
(3) Potential difference across 4  resistor is V = IR = 1 × 4 = 4 V
(4) Power dissiparted in 4  resistor can be calulated by
P = I2R  P = (1) 2 × 4  P = 4 W
(5) The reading of ammeter A 1 and A 2 will be same so difference in ammeter
readings will be zero.
Difference in ammeter reading = Reading in ammeter A 1 – reading in ammeter
A2 = 1 – 1 = 0
4. Joule's heating effect : Joule heating is the process by which the passage of an electric
current through a conductor releases heat.
According to Joule's law of heating the heat produced in a resistor is directly proportional to
the square of current for a given resistance, directly proportional to resistance for a given
current and directly proportional to the time for which the current flows through the
resistor, i.e,
H = I2Rt
To demostrate the joule's law of heating we use an immersion heater. To show it
experimentally we take an immersion heater, a container whose walls are insulated by wool
or thermocol, a current supply, ammeter, voltmeter, laboratory thermometer.

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NCERT Course : Class 10
Power supply
+ –

Thermometer

Immersion heater
Container

Insulator wood or
thermometer Water

Procedure : Place enough water (about 150–200 mL) in the insulated container to immerse
the resistor coil completely. Place the immersion heater in the insulated container and
construct the circuit as shown in figure.
Turn on the power supply. Let the current flow through the coil and stir the system. After
some time we will see that the mercury rises in the thermometer because water gets warm
due to immersion coil converts the electrical energy into heat energy due to its resistance.
As current increases in the coil, the level of mercury rises more in thermometer that shows
that as the amount of current increases heat produced increases. So this demonstration
shows the joule's law of heating experimentally. Four application of Joule's heating effects
are-
(1) Room heater (2) Electric bulb (3) Electric iron (4) Electric fuse
5. (i) New fuse wire should be of larger radius than the earlier one because current is inversely
proportional to the resistance of the conductor and resistance of conductor decreases on
increasing the radius of conductor.
(ii) Resistance R = 
A
1
If radius is halved, area becomes th and new resistance become 4 times than earlier. So,
4
1
current becomes th keeping the potential difference across the conductor remains
4
same.

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