Design of Frame Rail, FR1

Maximum span = 1 m
Maximum height = 1.0 m

Loading:

Wind force:
Design wind speed = 33.62 m/s
Design wind pressure = 0.68 kPa
Wind pressure coefficient = 1.2

Thus, lateral wind force (limit) = 0.41 kN/m (Less critical than imposed action)
lateral wind force (service) = 0.28 kN/m
Imposed action:
Uniform distributed load (UDL) = 0.75 kN/m
Point load = 0.6 kN

Dead load:

Self weight = 0.041 kN/m

1. Design for strength

moment due to self weight = 1.2 x 0.041 x 1 ^2

8
= 0.01 kN.m

moment due to UDL = 1.5 x 0.75 x 1 ^2

8
= 0.14 kN.m

moment due to point load = 1.5 x 0.6 x 1

4
= 0.23 kN.m

M* = 0.23 kN.m

Try 65x35x3.0 RHS,

From AISC Capacity Table, φMsy = 2.24 kN.m ( > M*, OK ! )

2. Check deflection

For 65x35x3.0 RHS,

Iy = 0.106 x 106 mm4

deflection due to self weight = 5 x 0.041 x 1000 ^4

384 x 2x105 x 0.106 x 106
= 0.03 mm

deflection due to UDL = 5 x 0.75 x 1000 ^4

384 x 2x105 x 0.106 x 106
= 0.46 mm

deflection due to point load = 0.6 x 103 x 1000 ^3

48 x 2x105 x 0.106 x 106
= 0.59 mm

dser = 0.61 mm ( L / 1627 )

Adopt 65x35x3.0 RHS,

Refer drawings for details
Design of Hand Post

Maximum spacing = 1 m
Maximum height = 1.0 m

Loading:

Wind force:
Design wind speed = 33.62 m/s
Design wind pressure = 0.68 kPa
Wind pressure coefficient = 1.2

Thus, lateral wind force (limit) = 0.41 kN/m (Less critical than imposed action)
lateral wind force (service) = 0.28 kN/m
Imposed action:
Uniform distributed load to rail = 0.75 kN/m
therefore reaction = 0.75 kN
Point load = 0.6 kN (less critical)

Dead load:

1. Design for strength

moment due to reaction force = 1.5 x 0.75 x 1.0

= 1.13 kN.m

M* = 1.13 kN.m

Try 65x35x3.0 RHS,

From AISC Capacity Table, φMbx = 3.36 kN.m ( > M*, OK ! )

2. Check deflection

For 65x35x3.0 RHS,

I = 0.281 x 106 mm4

deflection due to point load = 0.75 x 103 x 1000 ^3

3 x 2x105 x 0.281 x 106
= 4.45 mm

dser = 4.45 mm

Adopt 65x35x3.0 RHS,

Refer drawings for details
Design of Balcony Balustrade Post

Maximum spacing = 2 m
Maximum height = 1.7 m

Loading:

Wind force:
Design wind speed = 33.62 m/s
Design wind pressure = 0.68 kPa
Wind pressure coefficient = 1.1

Thus, lateral wind force (limit) = 0.63 kN/m (Less critical than imposed action)
lateral wind force (service) = 0.43 kN/m
Imposed action:
Point load = 0.6 kN (less critical)

Dead load:

1. Design for strength

moment due to imposed action = 1.5 x 0.6 x 1.7

= 1.53 kN.m

moment due to wind load = 0.63 x 1.7 2

2
= 0.92 kN.m

M* = 1.53 kN.m

Try 75x75x4.0 SHS

From AISC Capacity Table, φMsy = 8.9 kN.m ( > M*, OK ! )

2. Check deflection

For 75x75x4.0 SHS

I = 0.882 x 106 mm4

deflection due to point load = 0.6 x 103 x 1700 ^3

3 x 2x105 x 0.882 x 106
= 5.57 mm

deflection due to wind force = 0.43 x 1700 ^4

8 x 2x105 x 0.882 x 106
= 2.54 mm
dser = 5.57 mm

Adopt 75x75x4.0 SHS

Refer drawings for details
Design of Hand Post Base Connection

M*

d
Refer to previous analysis results,

a) connection bolts @ base plate

design moment, M* = 1.22 kN.m

for 48.3 x 3.2 CHS

lever arm, d = 30 mm

therefore, resultant pull out force, Ntf* = 41 kN

Try 2-M16 Chemset Reo 502 chemical anchors, 125mm effective depth,

From Ramset Capacity Table,

φNurc = φNuc*Xnc*Xne*Xnae
= 2 x 54.7 x 0.91 x
0.85 x 1
= 84.62 kN OK !

Adopt 2-M16 Chemset Reo 502 chemical anchors @ base connection.

b) thickness of base plate

distance between bolts & edge of post, a = 35 mm

width of end plate, b = 60 mm
yield stress of plate, fsy = 250 MPa

design moment for base plate, M*plate = 1 aNtf*

x
2 2
= 0.36 kN.m
≤ φfsybt /4
2

Therefore, t ≥ 10.27 mm
Adopt 60mm wide x 12mm thick base plate
Design of Fence Post, FP2

Maximum spacing = 2.4 m

Maximum height = 2.2 m

Loading:

Wind force:
Design wind speed = 36.45 m/s
Design wind pressure = 0.80 kPa
Wind pressure coefficient = 1.2

Thus, lateral wind force (limit) = 2.30 kN/m

lateral wind force (service) = 1.55 kN/m
1. Design for strength

moment from wind force = 1 x 2.30 x 2.2 ^2

2
= 5.56 kN.m

Try 75x75x6.0 SHS,

From AISC Capacity Table, φMs = 12.1 kN.m ( > M*, OK ! )

2. Check deflection

For 75x75x6.0 SHS,

I = 1.16 x 106 mm4

deflection due to wind force = 1.55 x 2200 ^4

8 x 2x105 x 1.16 x 106
= 19.59 mm

Adopt 75x75x6.0 SHS,

Refer drawings for details
Design of Fence Post Base Connection

M*

d
Refer to previous analysis results,

a) connection bolts @ base plate

design moment, M* = 5.56 kN.m

for 75x75x6.0 SHS

lever arm, d = 140 mm

therefore, resultant pull out force, Ntf* = 40 kN

Try 4-M16 Chemset Reo 502 chemical anchors, 125mm effective depth,

From Ramset Capacity Table,

φNurc = φNuc*Xnc*Xne*Xnae
= 2 x 54.7 x 0.91 x
0.85 x 0.89
= 75.31 kN OK !

Adopt 4-M16 Chemset Reo 502 chemical anchors @ base connection.

b) thickness of base plate

distance between bolts & edge of post, a = 35 mm

width of base plate, b = 200 mm
yield stress of plate, fsy = 250 MPa

design moment for base plate, M*plate = 1 aNtf*

x
2 2
= 0.35 kN.m
≤ φfsybt /4
2

Therefore, t ≥ 5.56 mm
Adopt 200mm wide x 10mm thick base plate