Practical Research 1

Quarter 1 – Module 12:

APA Citation Style
Practical Research 1 – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 12: APA Citation Style
First Edition, 2020

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Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
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Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
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ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

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Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

SENIOR HS MODULE DEVELOPMENT TEAM

Author
Co-Author – Language Editor
Co-Author – Content Evaluator
Co-Author – Illustrator
Co-Author – Layout Artist
: Marijoy B. Mendoza, EdD
: Niljoy G. Senina
: Joel A. Cayabyab, EdD
: Dexter V. Fernandez
: Dexter V. Fernandez

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Practical Research 1
Quarter 1 – Module 11b:
APA Citation Style
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Practical Research 1 – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode

(ADM) Module on APA Citation Style!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Practical Research 1 – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode

(ADM) Module on APA Citation Style

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an
active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or

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 skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module is designed to let the students be familiarized with the citation styles
in presenting related literature. Moreover, it prepares them to write their related
literature while providing them the skill on proper APA citation style.

At the end of the module, it is expected that students will imbibe this competency:

1. cite related literature using standard style (CS_RS11-IIIf- j-2).

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 What I Know

Write C if the citation is correct, but if the citation is wrong underline the incorrect
entry.
1. _______ Ammade, S., Mahmud, M., Jabu, B., & Tahmir, S. (2018). Integrating
technology in English language teaching: Global experiences and lessons for
Indonesia. International Journal of English Linguistics, 8(6), 107–114.
https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v8n6p107
2. _______ Johnson, A. P. (2019). Bruner’s learning theory: In Essential learning
theories and their applications. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield.
3. _______ Modecki, K. L., Minchin, J., Harbaugh, A. G., Guerra, N. G., & Runions,
K. C. (2014). Bullying Prevalence cross contexts: A meta-analysis measuring cyber
and traditional bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 55(5), 602–611.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.06.007
4. _______ Perkins, A. E. (2014). School principals’ sources of knowledge. East
Tennessee State University.
5. _______ Kio, A. M. (2013). The journey begins: A narrative inquiry into the
mentorship and support of novice principals (Colorado State University; Vol. 44).
Retrieved from
https://mountainscholar.org/bitstream/handle/10217/79040/Donnalley_colostat
e_0053N_11629.pdf?sequence=1

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Lesson
APA Citation: In-text and
1 Reference citation
In the previous lesson, you have learned about the types of plagiarism and how to
paraphrase. Now, you are ready to use in-text and reference citation style.

American Psychological Association (APA) referencing style is the most commonly

used referencing style in the field of education. It is also known as “author-date
referencing”. However, this is not the only referencing style available. There are
Chicago manual of style (CMOS), Modern Language Association Style (MLA) Modern
Humanities Research Association (MHRA), American Sociological Association (ASA),
and the like. But in the meantime, your focus is on APA 6th Edition Manual of Style.

What’s In

Let us help Sir Dexter in paraphrasing the following sentences.

1 Adult education as a new trend in developing the

competency of the adult learners in the 4 th
industrial revolution necessitates for its
implementation globally.

Teachers is the edifice of a progressive

2 and globalized nation.

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3 The exercise of conducting the
research is an imperative for Adult education is life-long
educators. learning for it promoted a
continuous process wherein
learners continuously learn
things that were beneficial to
what is needed.

Adult education is life-wide for it transcends through

various learning areas.

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1. _____________________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________________________________________

Notes to the Teacher

This module prepares the students to make their own literature
review by knowing the types of plagiarism, paraphrasing, and APA
6th edition in-text, and reference citation style.

What’s New

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Have you ever heard the APA? It is neither a yoga style nor a Filipino translation of
cone. Like Bok, you have mistakenly interpreted it as such. But anyway, the
acronym stands for the American Psychological Association citation style. I am sure
you have heard this during your junior high school years. This lesson will have an
in-depth discussion on this citation style and in the end, you will have the skill in
using it in your research.

What is It

There are two (2) things that you need to remember in using APA. First, it is used
as an in-text citation and second, it is used in reference citation.

Let us begin on in-text citation.

The in-text citation is a reference citation that is made within the body of the text
or essay (Waikato Institute of Technology, 2010). The main question now is when
are we going to use in-text citation? Practically, we use in-text citations every time
we quote, summarize, and paraphrase statements, information, and ideas that
came from others. It is a scholarly acknowledgment through giving credit who
stipulated the ideas and concepts (FANSHAWE Library and Media Services, 2018).

In-text citation with single author used in the beginning.

Fernandez (2020), stressed that proper citation has to be observed among

novice researchers.

In-text citation with single author used at the end.

Proper usage of citation styles promotes integrity among novice researchers

(Fernandez, 2020).

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How about if the writer wanted to indicate the title of the source? Of course, you
can do it. However, title has to be in quotation marks.

In-text citation with article title.

In Fernandez’s (2020) article, “Plagiarism: Writers’ Crime”, stressed that

proper citation has to be observed among novice researchers.

In Fernandez’s (2020) book, “The Secrets of Plagiarism”, discussed on ways

plagiarism can be avoided.

In some cases, the title of book, articles, proceedings, journal articles and the like
are italicized. However, when you italicized the title, omit the quotation marks.
In-text citation without quotation.

In Fernandez’s (2020) book, The Secrets of Plagiarism, discussed on ways

plagiarism can be avoided.

Can we use citation in the middle?

It is a common practice to see citation at the beginning or at the end of the

referenced statement. However, there are instances that citation appears in the
middle of the cited statement.

In-text citation in the middle of the statement.

Fernandez (2020) attested that citation can be used only at the beginning
and end of the sentence, whereas Munez (2020) claimed otherwise.

Conduct of research enables novice researchers to deal on practical aspect

of education (Fernandez, 2020), as well as the theoretical foundations of
different philosophies.

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When do we use “et al.” in our citation? “Et al.” is a Latin term for “et alia” which
means “and others”. This is used when you have multiple authors. Multiple
authorship is authorship composed of six (6) or more authors. Thus, when you
have less than six authors, you need to write their surname. If you use in-text
citation at the beginning, just connect their surname with a comma and “and”.
However, if it is at the end of the statement, you connect the authors’ surname with
the use of comma and ampersand (Indiana Wesleyan University, 2019).

In-text citation with three (3) authors (Beginning)

Fernandez, Munez, and Valencia (2020), attested that citation can be used
only at the beginning and end of the statement.

In-text citation with three (3) authors (End)

It was attested that citation can be used only at the beginning and end of
the statement (Fernandez, Munez, & Valencia, 2020).

In-text citation with six (6) or more authors

Fernandez et al. (2020), attested that citation can be used only at the
beginning and end of the statement.

In-text citation with six (6) authors (End)

It was attested that citation can be used only at the beginning and end of
the statement (Fernandez, et al., 2020).

What if you have two or more authors with similar facts or information? In dealing
with this scenario, all of them are placed on the same parenthesis. However, they
are separated with a semicolon. Likewise, authors’ name has to be listed in
alphabetical order (George Brown College, 2014).

Multiple entry with similar information

It was attested that citation can be used only at the beginning and end of the
statement (Fernandez, 2020; Munez, 2019; Valencia & Montemayor, 2018).

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What if the idea that you are going to cite was already cited by an author? In
circumstance like this, it can be done it two (2) ways.

In-text citation already cited by an author

Montemayor as cited in Fernandez (2020) that citation can be used only at the
beginning and end of the statement.

Montemayor (2001) attested that citation can be used only at the beginning
and end of the statement (as cited in Pitt, 2020)

How about when you are going to cite a website article without authorship or
organizational author? If you are going to cite a website article without authorship,
you need to use the webpage title or few words of the title in the parentheses.

In-text citation using website article without author

“Man in need” (2020), eating healthy foods gives us more time for our love
ones.

Eating healthy foods gives us more time for our love ones (“Man in need,”
2020).

How about page number, are we going to include it? Many of the in-text citations
omit page numbers. However, it is encouraged to declare even the page number.
Aside from it, this adds credibility to your sources if you are going to declare it.

In-text citation with page number

Fernandez (2020), eating healthy foods gives us more time for our love ones
(p. 99).

In-text citation using paragraph number

According to Fernandez (2020), eating healthy foods gives us more time for
our lovehighlighted
It was ones (para.that
99). eating healthy foods gives us more time for our love
ones (Fernandez, 2020, para. 99).

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After learning how in-text citation is done, let us move on to reference citation. This
provides authority to your statements by providing your readers' access to those
sources. Likewise, it is an acknowledgment of the information you have brought
out on your research. Of course, in-text citations need to appear in the reference
section of your paper. Practically, it is the list of the sources you have cited
throughout your paper. This will provide your readers access to all the sources you
have considered in your research(DCU Library, 2017). Because we have used the
APA 6th edition citation style in your in-text citation, we use also APA 6th edition
reference style in your reference entry. However, this only limited to the reference
citations you will be using on your study. These are reference citation on books,
journals, online sources and theses and dissertations in single authorship, multiple
authorship, without author and date.

1. BOOKS

Fernandez, Dexter V. (2020). Quest for happiness. Fern Publishing Company

Press.

If you can notice, the structure of this is the author’s name (surname, first name,
middle initial) then followed by a period. After that, the date of publication and then
a period are included. Next is the title of the book (remember that the whole title is
italicized and the first letter is capitalized). There is an exemption, all proper names
are capitalized. After the title, write the publishing company (Hacker, 2010).

a. Single author

Author
Title Publisher

Fernandez, Dexter V. (2020). Quest for happiness. Fern Publishing Company Press.

date of
publication

When authorship reached to five (5), you are going to use “et al.” Thus, book with
one to five authorship takes the usual format.

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b. Three authors

Fernandez, Dexter V., Munez, Elizabeth M., Fernandez, & Prince Yvann, M. (2020).
Quest for happiness. Fern Publishing Company Press.

used ampersand
Note that they are (&) to connect the
separated by last authors
comma (,)
c. Six or more authors

Fernandez, Dexter V., et al. (2020). Quest for happiness. Fern Publishing Company
Press.

use of the word “et al.”

JOURNAL ARTICLES

a. Single Author

Fernandez, Dexter V. (2020). Lived experiences of students engaged community

services. Journal for Young Filipino, 44(6), 88-95. doi:
10.13140/RG.2.2.34763.75047

If you notice, it is similar to the reference citation for book, however, what just
makes it different is that it includes the journal publication (first letter of the word
is capitalized) then followed by volume, issue and page number and digital object
identifier (doi). Remember two (2) things. First is that journal publication is
italicized and second if doi is not present, you can just omit that part.

Journal publication
(italicized)
Fernandez, Dexter V. (2020). Lived experiences of students engaged community
services. Journal for Young Filipino, 44(6), 88-95. doi:
10.13140/RG.2.2.34763.75047
page
doi issue volume number

b. Three authors

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 Fernandez, Dexter V., Munez, Elizabeth, M., & Fernandez, Prince Yvann M. (2020).
Lived experiences of students engaged community services. Journal for Young
Filipino, 44(6), 88-95. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.34763.75047

c. Six or more authors

Fernandez, Dexter V, et al. (2020). Lived experiences of students engaged

community services. Journal for Young Filipino, 44(6), 88-95. doi:
10.13140/RG.2.2.34763.75047

THESIS AND DISSERTATION

a. Thesis or dissertation in hardcopy.

Fernandez, Dexter V. (2020). Development of reading comprehension through

contextualized graphic novel. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Bataan Peninsula
State University, Philippines.

This citation for thesis or dissertation follows the same format with books. It starts
with the author, date published, title of the thesis or dissertation. Take note that
the title needs to be italicized. Then, there is parenthesis, inside it is the description
of what reference is being cited, is it a master’s thesis or dissertation? Last part is
the institution where it is made and the location of the institution (commonly
writers write the country).
b. Thesis or dissertation from repository

Fernandez, Dexter V. (2020). Development of reading comprehension through

contextualized graphic novel. (Master’s thesis, Bataan Peninsula State University,
Philippines). Retrieved from http://hdl.thesismasters.net/109287/99

The format still follows similar with the hardcopy. However, the last part should
indicate the link of the thesis. See the format below with the label.

Fernandez, Dexter V. (2020). Development of reading comprehension through

contextualized graphic novel. (Master’s thesis, Bataan Peninsula State University,
Philippines). Retrieved from http://hdl.thesismasters.net/109287/99
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 link where you get the thesis.

c. Thesis or dissertation came from a database.

ProQuest is an example of online database for theses and dissertation.
Fernandez, Dexter V. (2020). Development of reading comprehension through
contextualized graphic novel. (Master’s thesis). Available from ProQuest
Dissertations & Theses Global database. (UMI No. 3371229)

UMI is a publishing company which stands for University Microfilm

International. Its service is to store theses and dissertation.

ONLINE SOURCES

These are articles from credible website.

Fernandez, Dexter V. (2020). Reading comprehension and graphic novel. Retrieved

from https://www.easybib.com/reference/guide/apa/website

Notice that on the last part of the entry, it includes the link where the article was
retrieved.
Fernandez, Dexter V. (2020). Reading comprehension and graphic novel. Retrieved
from https://www.easybib.com/reference/guide/apa/website
This is the link of the article you have cited.
Don’t put period ( . ) at the end of the entry.

Remember, when you make a reference list, it should be arranged in alphabetical

order using the first letter of the surname.

What’s More

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Write T if the in-text and reference citation is correct, but if it is wrong, underline what
makes it wrong.
1. ________ (Brandon, 2014)

2. ________ Brandon, K. J. (2014). Principals’ decision making in discipline policy

implementation: The Lutheran schools’ perspective (Eastern Michigan University).
Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.libraries.wright.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/
login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2014-99050-132&site=ehost-
live&scope=cite

3. ________ (Holmes, Tracy, Painter, & Oestreich, 2015)

4. ________ Holmes, M., Tracy, E. M., Painter, L. L., & Oestreich, T. (2015). Moving
from flipcharts to the flipped classroom: Using technology driven teaching
methods to promote active learning in foundation and advanced masters social
work courses. Clinical Social Work Journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-
015-0521-x

5. ________ (Kio, 2013)

6. ________ (Taguchi & Sykes, 2014)

7. ________ Taguchi, N., & Sykes, J. M. (2014). Technology in interlanguage

pragmatic research and teaching. Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing
Company.

8. ________ (Bacharo, 2015)

9. ________ Kio, A. M. (2013). The journey begins: A narrative inquiry into the
mentorship and support of novice principals (Colorado State University; Vol. 44).
Retrieved from
https://mountainscholar.org/bitstream/handle/10217/79040/Donnalley_colos
tate_0053N_11629.pdf?sequence=1

10.________ Bacharo, U. V. (2015). Job satisfaction and teaching performance of

college faculty. Central Mindanao College.

What I Have Learned

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On this lesson you have learned the APA 6th edition citation style both in in-text
and reference citation for books, journal articles, theses and dissertations, and
online sources.

What I Can Do

Write T if the in-text and reference citation is correct, but if it is wrong, underline
what makes it wrong.
1. ________ (Kudyba and Kwatinetz, 2012)

2. ________ (Nagel, 2013)

3. ________Kudyba, S., & Kwatinetz, M. (2012). Introduction to the big data era.
Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis Group.

4. ________Ambrose, R., & Molina, M. (2014). Spanish/ English bilingual

students’ comprehension of arithmetic story problem texts. International
Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 12(6), 1469–1496.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-013-9472-2

5. ________ (Standing, Standing, Love, and Gengatharen, 2017)

6. ________ (Ambrose & Molina, 2014)

7. ________Christopher, C. (2015). Eye of the Beholder: How Perception

Management Can Counter Stereotype Threat Among Struggling Law
Students. Duquesne University Law Review, 53, 163–180.

8. ________Marcial, D. E. (2014). ICT skill enhancement training in teacher

education: The case in Central Visayas, Philippines. Information Technologies
and Learning Tools, 39, 230–240.

9. ________Standing, S., Standing, C., Love, P. E. D., & Gengatharen, D. (2017).

The multiplicity of organizing visions. Industrial Marketing Management,
196–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2017.08.006

10.________Nagel, D. (2013). Six technology challenges facing education.

Retrieved from https://thejournal.com/articles/2 013/06/04/6-technology-
challenges-facing- education.aspx

Assessment

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Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. ________ Florido, A. M. (2000). Educational profile of the Philippines and best

practices in Filipino schools and classrooms. Charlotte Mecklenburg Schools.

a. (Florido, 2000)
b. Florido, 2000
c. Florido. 2000

2. ________ Cruz, C. D. P. M. A., Villena, D. K., Navarro, E. V., Belencina, R. R.,

Garvida, M. D., Belenciana, R. R., … Garvida, M. D. (2016). Towards enhancing
the managerial performance of school heads. International Review of
Management and Business Research, 5(2), 705–714.

a. (Cruz et al., 2016)

b. Cruz et al 2016
c. Cruz, 2016

3. ________ Kasim, R., & Abdul, G. C. (2012). Leadership – style, satisfaction and
commitment: An exploration in the United Arab Emirates’ construction sector.
Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 19(1), 61–85.
https://doi.org/10.1108/09699981211192571

a. (Kasim & Abdul. 2012)

b. (Kasim & Abdul)
c. (Kasim & Abdul, 2012)

4. ________ Brooks, J., & Sutherland, I. (2014). Educational leadership in the

Philippines: Principals’ perspectives on problems and possibilities for change.
Planning and Changing, 45(3), 339–355.

a. (Brooks & Sutherland, 2014)

b. (Brooks & Sutherland. 2014)
c. (Brooks and Sutherland, 2014)

5. ________ Melnyczenko, E. (2014). Factors that contribute to principal trust in the

principalteacher relationship (Purdue University). Retrieved from
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1674522492

a. (Melnyczenko, 2014)
b. (Melnyczenko. 2014)
c. (Melnyczenko 2014)

6. ________ Martin, H. Z., Kalali, Nader, S. K., & Anvari, M. R. A. (2012). Do

demographic variables moderate relationship between job burnout and its
consequences? Iranian Journal Management Studies, 5(1), 47–62.

a. (Martin, Kalali, Nader, and Anvari, 2012)

b. (Martin, Kalali, Nader. & Anvari, 2012)
c. (Martin, Kalali, Nader, & Anvari, 2012)

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7. ________ Ruiz-Jiménez, J. M., & Fuentes-Fuentes, M. del M. (2016).
Management capabilities, innovation, and gender diversity in the top
management team: An empirical analysis in technology-based SMEs. BRQ
Business Research Quarterly, 19(2), 107–121.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brq.2015.08.003

a. (Ruiz-Jiménez and Fuentes-Fuentes, 2016)

b. (Ruiz-Jiménez & Fuentes-Fuentes 2016)
c. (Ruiz-Jiménez & Fuentes-Fuentes, 2016)

8. ________ Singh, P. J. (2018). A study of the soft skills that contribute to the
success of newly graduated business students in the workplace (Minnesota State
University). Retrieved from
https://cornerstone.lib.mnsu.edu/etds://cornerstone.lib.mnsu.edu/etds/796

a. (Singh and 2018)

b. (Singh 2018)
c. (Singh, 2018)

9. ________ Sergis, S., Sampson, D. G., & Giannakos, M. N. (2018). Supporting

school leadership decision making with holistic school analytics: Bridging the
qualitative-quantitative divide using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis.
Computers in Human Behavior, 89(January), 355–366.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.06.016

a. (Sergis, Sampson, & Giannakos, 2018)

b. (Sergis, Sampson, and Giannakos, 2018)
c. (Sergis, Sampson, & Giannakos. 2018)

10.________ Roger, R. (2020). Importance of planning. Retrieved from

https://richardjamesrogers.com/2020/02/02/the-importance-of-
planning/%0APlanning

a. (Roger. 2020)
b. (Roger, 2020)
c. (Roger and 2020)

Additional Activities

Transform the following reference citation to its correct APA 6th edition format.
1. Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research methodology: Methods and techniques. New
Delhi: New Age International Publisher.
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_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

2. Lopez, E. C. (2017). Average Job Satisfaction Drops in PH as Millennials

Continue to Despair over Work. Retrieved from Entrepreneur website:
https://www.entrepreneur.com.ph/news-and-events/average-job-satisfaction-
drops-in-ph-as-millennials-continue-to-despair-over-work-a00178-20171025
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

3. Cropley, A. (2019). Qualitative research methods: A practice-oriented

introduction for students of psychology and education (2nd ed., Vol. 24).
https://doi.org/doi: 10.13140/RG.2.1.3095.6888
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_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

4. Reysi-Cruz, M. (2019). Public school teachers’ debt rose to P319B in 2 years -

DepED. Retrieved from Inquirer website:
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1128387/public-school-teachers-debts-rose-to-
p319b-in-2- years-deped#ixzz64grVSHhT
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

5. Youngs, P., & King, M. B. (2002). Principal leadership for professional

development to build school capacity. Educational Administration Quarterly,
38(5), 643–670. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X02239642
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_________________________________________________________________________________
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_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

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 Answer Key

Lesson 1

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References

Bahadori, M., & Hoseinpourfard, M. (2012). Plagiarism: Concepts, factors and

solutions. Iranian Journal of Military Medicine, 14(3), 168–177.
Chi, D., & Nguyen, X. (2017). Paraphrasing in academic writing: A case study of
Vietnamese learners of English. Language Education in Asia, 8(1), 9–24.
https://doi.org/10.5746/LEiA/17/V8/I1/A02/Na
DCU Library. (2017). APA style of citing and referencing.
FANSHAWE Library and Media Services. (2018). APA 6th edition.
George Brown College. (2014). APA In-text citations frequently. Tutoring and
Learning Centre. Retrieved from
https://www.georgebrown.ca/uploadedFiles/TLC/_documents/APA FAQ
Citations.pdf
Hacker, D. (2010). Guide to APA In-text citations. Retrieved from
http://www.dianahacker.com/resdoc/p04_c09_s1.html
Helgesson, G., & Eriksson, S. (2014). Plagiarism in research. Medicine Health Care
and Philosophy, (July), 262–273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11019-014-9583-8
Indiana Wesleyan University. (2019). APA 6e guide: Based on publication manual of
the American Psychological Association, 6th ed.
Learning Services Writing Center. (2018). Six common types of plagiarism.
Louw, H. (2017). Defining plagiarism: Student and staff perceptions of a grey
concept. South African Journal of Higher Education, 31(5), 116–135.
https://doi.org/10.20853/31-5-580
Oshima, H. A. (1999). Writing academic English. Retrieved from
http://www.higherscore.ca/downloads/Higher Score Free Advice 2 -
Paraphrasing.pdf
Plagiarism.org. (2011). Types of plagiarism. Retrieved from
http://www.plagiarism.org/plag_article_types_of_plagiarism.html.
Roig, M. (2002). Avoiding plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and other questionable writing
practices: A guide to ethical writing (pp. 1–63). pp. 1–63. Retrieved from
http://web2.uconn.edu/rusling/plagiarism.pdf
Roka, Y. B. (2017). Plagiarism: Types, causes and how to avoid this worldwide
problem. Nepal Journal of Neuroscience, 14(3), 2–6.
https://doi.org/10.3126/njn.v14i3.20517
Shahabuddin, S. (2003). Plagiarism in academia: Trends and implications.
International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 10(4), 229–
252. https://doi.org/10.1080/08989621.2003.9714386
Sulaiman, R. (2018). Types and factors causing plagiarism in papers of English
education students. Journal of English Education, 3(1), 17–22.
https://doi.org/10.31327/jee.v3i1.471
University of New England. (2020). Paraphrasing and summarising. Retrieved from
http://www.une.edu.au/current-students/resources/academic-skills/fact-
sheets
Waikato Institute of Technology. (2010). APA Referencing (6th edition). Wintec.
https://doi.org/10.1036/0070349320
Wallwork, A. (2011). English for writing research papers.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7922-3

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III,

Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan

Telefax: (047) 237-2102

Email Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph

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