Background Information:

LOTTE Chemical Pakistan Ltd. (LCPL) stands strong as the only world-class manufacturer and
supplier of Purified Terephthalic Acid (PTA) in Pakistan with a capacity to deliver 500,000 tons of
PTA annually through its state-of-the-art plant situated at Port Qasim, Karachi.
Lotte Chemical was having trouble getting the paraxylene from the jetty to LCPL because that
facility needs it as a raw material to make Purified Terephthalic Acid (PTA). Currently, they are
using trucks to transport the paraxylene, but due to an increase in fuel prices on the global
market and to ensure efficient transport of paraxylene, they decided to design a pipeline from
the jetty to LCPL.
Polyester's chemical name, polyethylene terephthalate, is abbreviated as PET. PET, a
transparent, robust, and lightweight plastic, is frequently used to package meals and drinks,
particularly convenience-sized juices, soft drinks, and water.
Pipeline design of Paraxylene refers to the engineering and design of the pipeline system
utilized to transport the chemical from the jetty location to the LCPL. In this procedure, a
number of factors need to be taken into account, including the paraxylene's temperature and
pressure during transit, the pipeline's materials and construction methods, the distance and
terrain of the pipeline course, and safety and environmental considerations.
Many different types of engineers, including chemical engineers, mechanical engineers, civil
engineers, and environmental engineers, must contribute to the pipeline design process using a
multidisciplinary approach. To ensure safe and efficient paraxylene transportation, the pipeline
design must adhere to stringent regulatory requirements and industry best practices.

Significance and motivation:

The goal of the "Design a pipeline for Paraxylene" project is to transport paraxylene in a safe
and efficient way.
The pressure and temperature of the paraxylene during transportation, the materials and
construction techniques used for the pipeline, the distance and terrain of the pipeline route, as
well as safety and environmental considerations, must all be carefully taken into account when
designing a pipeline system for the transportation of paraxylene.
Increased safety and efficiency of the transportation process, as well as a decreased chance of
accidents and spills that might be harmful to both human health and the environment, are just
a few advantages that could result from the effective deployment of the pipeline system. A well-
designed pipeline system can also assist to lower transportation costs and boost production
effectiveness, improving the company's profitability.
Furthermore, by limiting the environmental effect of transportation and lowering the carbon
footprint connected with the use of alternative modes of transportation, such trucks or railcars,
a correctly constructed pipeline system may also aid in the promotion of sustainable practices.
Overall, the pipeline design for the Paraxylene project is critical since it is essential to the safe
and effective manufacture of commodities like PET, promotes sustainability, lowers
transportation costs, and increases firm profitability.

Aims & Objective:

The "Design a Pipeline for Paraxylene" project aims to achieve several goals that are critical to
the success of the project. The primary objective is to design and construct a pipeline system
that can safely and reliably transport paraxylene while minimizing the impact on the
environment and adhering to stringent legal requirements and industry best practices.
To achieve this, the project team will need to develop a pipeline system that can effectively
manage the transportation of paraxylene, while ensuring the safety of employees, the general
public, and the environment. This will require a comprehensive understanding of pipeline
design and operation, including adherence to relevant rules and specifications established by
governing organizations such as the American Petroleum Institute (API) and the Pipeline and
Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA).
The project team also aims to design a pipeline system that is economical and requires little
maintenance, which will reduce transportation costs and improve production efficiency. By
reducing transportation costs and streamlining production, the project will be able to achieve
greater profitability and remain competitive in the market. In addition to the goals mentioned
earlier, one of the main objectives of the "Design a Pipeline for Paraxylene" project is to provide
a comprehensive Bill of Quantities (BOQ) for the pipeline system. This BOQ will outline the cost
and quantity of materials required for the construction of the pipeline, as well as any associated
costs such as labor, equipment, and testing. Overall, the goal of providing a comprehensive BOQ
and conducting a thorough feasibility analysis is to ensure that the project is viable, sustainable,
and aligned with the overall objectives of the paraxylene industry. By providing proper
justification for the feasibility of the FYP, the project team will be able to gain the trust and
support of stakeholders and ensure the successful implementation of the pipeline system.
In summary, the "Design a Pipeline for Paraxylene" project's overall goal is to create a safe,
reliable, and economical pipeline system that complies with stringent regulatory standards and
industry best practices. This project will require the integration of various technical and
operational considerations to ensure that the pipeline system is effective and can be operated
safely and efficiently. Ultimately, the success of this project will be measured by its ability to
meet the transportation needs of the paraxylene industry while reducing environmental impact
and transportation costs.
Methodology:
The methodology for our FYP involved a comprehensive review of the various materials suitable
for use in underground piping. We evaluated the merits and limitations of different grades of
stainless steel, carbon steel, HDPE, and PVC. Based on our analysis, we narrowed down the
options to four specific grades that included Duplex 2205, Carbon Steel API 5L Grade X52, PE
4710, and CPVC (chlorinated polyvinyl chloride).
Our next step was to conduct a hydraulic analysis of the pipeline. This involved a detailed
assessment of various factors such as line sizing of suction and discharge piping, equivalent
length of piping, and pipeline thickness calculation for each of the selected grades. This analysis
allowed us to identify the optimal grade of material that would be most suitable for our pipeline
application.
In addition to assisting us in the selection of the appropriate grade of material for the pipeline,
the pipeline thickness calculation will have several other important applications throughout our
project. One of these applications includes the ability to calculate pressure drop. By accurately
determining the pressure drop, we can identify the pressure loss that occurs due to friction as
the fluid moves through the pipeline. This information will be critical in selecting an appropriate
pump for pumping paraxylene through the pipeline.
In conclusion, the pipeline thickness calculation will be a crucial component of our project
methodology. By providing us with key information on pressure drop and structural integrity, we
can make informed decisions regarding the selection of an appropriate pump and the overall
design of the pipeline. As we move forward with the stress analysis phase of our project, we are
confident that the pipeline thickness calculation will continue to be an essential tool in ensuring
the success of our FYP.
As we approach the mid-year point of our project, we have completed a significant portion of
our work. Specifically, we have completed the hydraulic analysis of the pipeline and selected the
appropriate grade of material to be used. Moving forward, our focus will shift towards stress
analysis of the pipeline. This will involve a detailed examination of various factors such as
external and internal pressures, as well as the impact of temperature and other environmental
conditions on the pipeline's structural integrity.
In conclusion, our FYP methodology involves a detailed evaluation of different materials for
underground piping and its hydraulic analysis. As we move forward, we are confident that our
research will lead to the development of a robust and efficient pipeline design that can
withstand the various challenges associated with its intended use.
Report Outline:
The mid-year report for our FYP project titled "Design a New Pipeline for Paraxylene
Transportation" outlines the progress made so far and the content covered in the report. The
objective of our project is to design a new pipeline that can handle the transportation of 5000
tons/day of Paraxylene from EVTL storage tank to Lotte Chemicals. The main scope of the
project includes Pipeline Hydraulic Analysis, Selection of Pipeline Material and Grade,
Determination of Pipeline Thickness, Selection of coating system for line pipe, development of
pipeline schematics, and detailed cost estimated for the project +10%.
In the first half of the report, we have provided an overview of pipelines, the scope of the code
ASME B31.4, the different terms defined by the code, the types of pipeline systems, and the
factors involved in pipeline material selection. This gives the reader an understanding of the
basics of pipelines and the key considerations in designing a pipeline system.
In the second half of the report, we have discussed the different grades of materials used for
underground piping and provided our justification for the selection of a certain grade for our
FYP pipeline design project. We narrowed down the options to four grades, which include
Duplex 2205, Carbon Steel API 5L Grade X52, PE 4710, and CPVC.
Finally, we have concluded the report by discussing the different aspects of mechanical design
of our pipeline, such as thickness, line sizing, and equivalent length of the pipeline. We have
also emphasized that one of our main objectives is to provide a detailed cost estimate for the
project, which will help in justifying the feasibility of the FYP as an engineer. Overall, the mid-
year report covers the work completed so far, the materials selected, and the justification for
the design decisions made, providing a clear outline of the progress and future direction of the
project.