Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Unit 3 Lesson 5 - Os Installation
Unit 3 Lesson 5 - Os Installation
Unit 3 Lesson 5 - Os Installation
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this lesson, students are expected to:
Duration: 3 hours
How important is the installation of an operating system? Have you ever
wondered why it is necessary for us, being an IT person to learn this thing? Installation
of an operating system allows us to upgrade, reinstall, or set up a new PC. Before we
are able to use all hardwares connected to our computer, it is important to install this
first. That‟s why, among the different examples of a system software, operating systems
are an important thing to install first. But how can we install an operating system?
Installation of an operating system depends on different factors. First is the
platform to be installed such as Windows or Linux, and the version of that platform.
Example, Windows has different versions such as Windows 7, Windows 8.1 and
Windows 10. For Linux, there are different distributions to choose from like Ubuntu,
Fedora, Red Hat, and others. Different platforms and versions or distribution means
different ways or steps on how to install it.
In this lesson, we are going to discuss two different platforms to be installed on
our PCs, namely Windows 10 and Linux (Ubuntu).
Windows 10 Installation
A clean installation is a process in which you erase the hard drive to start from
scratch with a new setup when your computer is having problems. For example, using
this method can help resolve performance, memory, start-up, shut down, and
application program issues. In addition, it can even help to improve battery life on
laptops and tablets, and it's a practical approach to eliminate viruses and other malware
or computer threats.
If you've been using the same setup for some time, a clean installation is a good
option to upgrade to the most up-to-date version of Windows 10 or upgrade from an
older version, such as Windows 8.1 and Windows 7, minimizing the risks of issues
during and after the process.
It's also the option you should use to start fresh with a copy of Windows 10 on a
new device that came preloaded with bloatware, a device you're readying to give away,
or during a hard drive replacement.
1. Creating Backup
The clean installation process erases everything on the main drive. Therefore
before proceeding, it is advised to create a full backup of your device, or at least a
backup of your important files.
Backup entire device
Although you'll start from scratch with a fresh copy of Windows 10, you should
create a temporary full backup of your current installation, in case something goes
wrong, and you need to revert the settings, or recover files.
You can choose from a number of solutions, but the easiest way to create a full
backup is to use the legacy System Image Backup tool available on Windows 10 as well
as on Windows 8.1 and Windows 7.
e. Click to clear the folder (uncheck) that you don't want to backup in the cloud
(optional). Afterwards, click the “Start backup” button.
Figure 2.36. Microsoft OneDrive Settings
Once you complete the steps, OneDrive will begin backing up the files on the
Desktop, Documents, and Pictures user folders in the cloud while keeping a copy on
your computer and syncing them across your devices.
After you complete the steps, you may need to repeat the instructions to backup
the files for the remaining accounts (if applicable).
In addition to making a copy of your files, it's a good idea to create a list of your
installed applications and their product keys (if applicable) to know the apps you need to
reinstall after the installation.
If you're not already saving your passwords and bookmarks with an online
service, it's now a good time to export your browser credentials and links.
After you complete the steps, if your current setup is activated, Windows 10
should automatically reactivate after the installation.
4. Obtaining Windows 10 Product Key
If you'll be installing Windows 10 on a new device, or you're trying to upgrade
Windows 8.1 or Windows 7, you'll need to purchase a valid license from the Microsoft
Store, Amazon, or another retailer.
Quick tip: The steps to access the BIOS varies per manufacturer and even per
computer model. As a result, you may need to check your manufacturer support
website for more specific steps.
Once you complete the steps, your computer should be able to start from the
USB bootable media.
Disconnect Non-Essential Peripherals
Peripherals connected to your device are usually the reason for issues during the
installation process. If you have non-essential peripherals connected, such as
removable storage and other USB and Bluetooth devices as well as printers, scanners,
cameras, and others, it's recommended to remove them.
When performing a clean install of Windows 10, you only need a monitor,
keyboard, mouse, and an internet connection. After the process, you can reconnect the
peripherals again (one at a time), making sure they don't cause other issues.
Important: Rufus is a popular tool with many options to help you create a bootable
media of Windows 10 faster. However, it's still a third-party tool, which is not supported
by Microsoft. Use it at your own risk.
To create a Windows 10 installer with Rufus, connect a USB flash drive of at
least 8GB of space, and then use these steps:
1. Open Rufus download page (https://rufus.ie).
2. Under the "Download" section, click the latest release of the tool to save the file
on your device.
Quick tip: If you're in the United States, select the "English" option, not "English
International."
Quick note: If the computer includes a legacy BIOS, select the MBR option for
partition scheme and BIOS (or UEFI-CSM) option target system.
23. Under the "Show Advanced drive properties" section, leave the default settings.
24. Under the "Volume label" field, enter a descriptive name for the drive — for
example, "win10_usb."
25. Under the "File system" and "Cluster size" section, leave the default settings.
26. Click the Show advanced format options button.
27. Select the "Quick format" and "Create extended label and icon files" options.
28. Click the Start button.
29. Click the OK button to confirm.
30. Click the Close button.
After you complete the steps, Rufus will download the ISO file from the Microsoft
servers, and it'll create the bootable media to perform a clean install of Windows 10.
Quick tip: Usually, it's unnecessary, but if your language, time and currency, and
keyboard are different from the default selections, make sure to select the correct
settings before continuing.
4. Click the Install now button.
5. Type the product key if this is your first time installing Windows 10. If you're
reinstalling the OS, click the “I don't have a product key” option to continue
(assuming that your device was already activated).
Figure 2.56. Product Key Window
Quick tip: If "Drive 0" has multiple partitions, you have to select and delete each
of the partitions to allow the setup to use the entire drive for the new clean
installation. Windows 10 will create the required partitions automatically during
the process. It's not necessary to delete the partitions on secondary drives.
2. Select your keyboard layout option and click „Yes‟ button again.
Figure 2.63. Keyboard Layout Settings
3. Click the Skip button (unless you need to add a second keyboard layout).
Quick note: If you're not using a wired network connection, you'll need to sign in to
the wireless network, and then proceed with the account settings.
4. Click the “Set up for personal use” option and click “Next” button.
Quick tip: If you want to continue using a traditional password, click the Cancel button to
skip the process.
9. Select your privacy settings (and don't forget to scroll down the page to review
all the settings). Click the Accept button.
10. (Optional) If you wish to enable Timeline to access your activity history across
devices, click the Yes button. Otherwise, click the No button.
11. (Optional) You can supply your phone number and then click the Send button to
link your phone with your computer. If you want to skip this option, click the Do it
later button in the bottom-left corner of the screen.
12. (Optional) Click the Next button to allow OneDrive to backup the Desktop,
Documents, and Pictures folders to the cloud. If you use another cloud service
or are not interested in uploading your files to the cloud, click the “Only save
files to this PC” option in the bottom-left corner of the screen.
13. Click the No, thanks button to skip the Microsoft 365 setup (if applicable).
Quick tip: If you have an Office product key, you can click the “I have a product key”
option, and then the apps will install automatically on your device.
14. (Optional) Check the Let Cortana respond to "Hey Cortana" option to use the
assistance hands-free.
15. Click the Accept button to allow Microsoft to collect personal information to
make Cortana more personal. If you're not interested in the digital assistant,
click the “Not now” button to continue.
Confirming Activation
To confirm Windows 10 is activated, use these steps:
1. Open Settings.
2. Click on Update & Security.
3. Click on Activation.
4. If Windows 10 activated successfully, one of the following messages would
appear:
▪ Windows is activated with a digital license: The installation has been
activated, but it isn't linked to your Microsoft account.
▪ Windows is activated with a digital license linked to your Microsoft account:
The installation has been activated, and the license is linked to your Microsoft
account.
Figure 2.72. Windows Activation Window
In the case that Windows 10 didn't activate, usually, the device will reactivate
within a day or two. If you're still having issues, you can use the “Activation
Troubleshooter” to activate.
Reinstall Applications
It's now time to reinstall your applications, including web browsers, such as
Microsoft Edge, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, or Opera to browse the web.
If you use Spotify or iTunes to listen to tunes while working, you can download
these apps and others from Microsoft Store.
Also, it's now a good time to download and install the productivity suite of Office
apps to start working with Word, Excel, PowerPoint and managing your emails with
Outlook.
Although you can start a clean installation using the Media Creation Tool without
a USB media and even the “Reset this PC”” option from the recovery settings, using
these methods have their limitations, and they do not always work as expected.
If you want to make sure that you're performing a true clean installation, using the
bootable media is a better alternative.
Preparing PC for Linux installation
After a successful installation of Microsoft Windows operating system, may be
you want to try something new. Some of you may already experience using a Linux
distribution of some type. It is either a Linux installed on a PC or a Live View on a USB
drive.
Once you did that and finalized your chosen distribution (or distros), the next step
is to prepare your PC for installing Linux.
To begin with, Linux uses two partitions to work effectively including an ext and
swap partitions. It is different to Microsoft‟s NTFS file system where the Windows are
being installed on this type of partition.
● Swap Partition
SWAP partition is an essential feature in Linux. It gives the best performance and
stability especially in a PC with smaller RAM. In a nutshell, SWAP space is like
adding memory in the form of virtual RAM. By adding SWAP, you are allocating
some amount of hard disk space to use as RAM when physical RAM is
overflown.
Quick Tip: I would say if your PC‟s RAM is less than or equal to 4 GB, you must have a
SWAP. If you have more than 8 GB physical RAM, you may still need SWAP if you run
resource-intensive applications like video convention, virtual machines, multimedia
applications, etc. If you are using your PC for just internet browsing, email, and running
office applications, you can skip SWAP provided you have at least 4GB RAM. We don‟t
want the memory to overflow RAM which makes the PC unstable and non-responsive.
A simple rule of thumb is to have SWAP space at least double the size of
physical RAM. But this is up to you to decide. Linux can work with tiny SWAP or even
without SWAP, but if you want a robust and stable PC for resource intensive apps, get
as much SWAP as possible.
Installing Ubuntu 20.04 Linux Operating System
Ubuntu is a complete Linux operating system, freely available with both
community and professional support. The Ubuntu community is built on the ideas
enshrined in the Ubuntu Manifesto: that software should be available free of charge,
that software tools should be usable by people in their local language and despite any
disabilities, and that people should have the freedom to customize and alter their
software in whatever way they see fit.
● Ubuntu will always be free of charge, and there is no extra fee for the “enterprise
edition”.
● Ubuntu includes the very best in translations and accessibility infrastructure that
the Free Software community has to offer, to make Ubuntu usable by as many
people as possible.
● Ubuntu is shipped in stable and regular release cycles.
● Ubuntu is entirely committed to the principles of open source software
development; encouraging people to use open source software, improve it and
pass it on.
3. When disk checking is complete or if you have cancelled it, after a few seconds,
you should see the Ubuntu 20.04 welcome page as shown in the following
screenshot.
Select “Install
Ubuntu”.
5. After that, choose the apps you want to install based on the installation type
(normal or minimal installation). Also, check the option to install updates during
the installation process and where to install third-party software.
8. Now you need to partition your hard drive for the installation. Simply select or
click on the unpartitioned storage device from the list of available storage
devices then click “New Partition Table”.
Note that the installer will auto-select the device on which the boot-loader will be
installed as shown in the following screenshot.
Figure 2.81. Create New Partition Table
9. Next, click Continue from the pop-up window to create an empty partition table
on the device.
24. Once the system installation is complete, reboot your system by clicking “Restart
Now”. Remember to remove the installation media, otherwise, the system will
still boot from it.
26. Then log into your new Ubuntu 20.04 installation by providing the correct
password you entered during the user creation step.
Congratulations! You have just installed Ubuntu 20.04 LTS on your computer.
Multi-booting
Multi-booting is the act of installing multiple operating systems on a single
computer, and being able to choose which one to boot.
A multiboot system gives you the best of both worlds. It works by prompting you
at start-up to select which operating system you'd like to load into. So, you'll have to
reboot
your
computer each time you want to load into a different operating system.
Figure 2.102. GNU Grub Boot Loader
Source: https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Ubuntu-Windows-Dual-Boot-Grub-Menu.png
Another good advantage of multi boot is that having multiple operating systems
can make troubleshooting easier and when you try something that doesn‟t work with
one operating system you can try it on the other.
Example, if you have installed distribution of Linux over Windows 10 on your
system, you can execute programs in Linux that are not compatible with Windows 10.
In multi-booting, remember that to be able to use more than one operating
system in your computer, you need to have plenty of hard disk space.
Creating a dual boot or multi boot system is a viable solution for users that wish
to leverage the best of both worlds by having two (2) operating systems installed
simultaneously. While not as flexible as virtualization, it offers some advantage by
allowing both operating systems to have direct access to your system's hardware.
Virtual Machine
Virtual Machine is a cross-platform virtualization application. For one thing, it
installs on your existing Intel or AMD-based computers, whether they are running
Windows, or Linux operating systems.
Its biggest advantage compared to multi boot is that it extends the capabilities of
your existing computer so that it can run multiple operating systems (inside multiple
virtual machines) at the same time.
For example, you can run different Windows versions and Linux on your existing
Windows (or Mac and Linux), run Windows Server 2008 on your Linux server, and so
on, all alongside your existing applications.
Another advantage of Virtual Machines is the ability to install and run as many
virtual machines as you like -- the only practical limits are disk space and memory.
Figure 2.103. Oracle VM VirtualBox Window
Here are some of the best virtual machine software programs available.
1. Oracle VM VirtualBox
Virtual Box is a complete free Open Source virtualization software which was
developed by Sun Microsystems which is now a subsidiary of Oracle Inc. (as the latter
acquired Sun Microsystems in 2010). Since it being marketed and circulated for
distribution as a free software its entire source code is available for anyone to download
for free. So apart from not only using it for your day to day needs of virtualization at
work, study or play time, anyone also have the flexibility and the ease to read the entire
code of Virtual Box and know each and everything about it with the same level of
detailing as its creators.
VirtualBox can be installed on a number of host operating systems, such as
Linux, macOS, Windows, Solaris and OpenSolaris. It also supports the creation and
management of virtual machines which run versions of Windows, Linux, BSD and
others, as well as limited virtualization of macOS guests on Apple hardware.
3. Parallels Desktop
Parallels Desktop was launched in 1999. Parallels Desktop provide four (4)
products especially for businesses and three (3) products for personal use. This
software is for Mac users, to use Windows OS on Mac.
Parallels enables the user to seamlessly run Windows alongside their native OS,
for those awkward moments when they need software that only works on that platform.
A few of the elegant things that Parallels can do is make Windows alerts appear in the
Mac notification centre, and operate a unified clipboard.
Most Mac users think of Parallels as a tool exclusively for using Windows, but it
can be used to host a wide range of Linux distros, Chrome OS and even other (and
older) versions of Mac OS.
5. Microsoft Hyper-V
Hyper-V, formerly named Windows Server Virtualisation, is a hypervisor
designed to create virtual machines on x86-64 systems running Windows. A server
computer that runs Hyper-V can be configured to expose individual virtual machines to
one or more networks.
Hyper-V carries out the isolation of virtual machines in terms of a partition, a
logical unit of isolation that is supported by the hypervisor that each operating system
executes in. The Hyper-V does not virtualise audio hardware, and does not require
users to have an existing installation of Windows Server 2008 or R2. The Hyper-V
Server is built with components of Windows with an included Windows Server Core user
experience.
6. Windows Virtual PC
Windows Virtual PC is a freeware virtualisation program designed for Microsoft
Windows. It does not run on versions earlier than Windows 7 and does not support MS-
DOS or operating systems earlier than Windows XP Professional SP3. The Virtual PC is
able to virtualise a standard IBM PC compatible device and all associated hardware,
with the ability to enable supported Windows operating systems to run inside it. The
Windows Virtual PC can be accessed by either being installed by OEMs or via direct
download from Microsoft‟s website.
Linux-based guests can also be installed in Virtual PC; these include RedHat and
SUSE Linux, some of which must be installed in text mode as they do not support the
Virtual PC‟s graphics chip.
Advantage of Virtual Machine
1. Multiple OS environments can exist simultaneously on the same machine,
isolated from each other.
2. No limit on the number of operating systems to be installed.
3. No need to restart the PC.
4. Flexibility. You can install, reinstall, backup, move your guest OS easily. Also you
can manage allocation of resources (Memory, Hard disk), and etc.
5. Cross Platform including Mac OSX