METU/SFL Spring 2023

DBE UPPER-INTERMEDIATE GROUP

ACTIVE VOCABULARY LIST FOR SPAN 1

WEEK 1

SKILLFUL 3 Reading & Writing UNIT 3

Reading 1 – The development of thought Reading 2 – Emotional Thinking
 concrete (adj)  anxiety (n)
a concrete proposal/object anxious (adj)
 constantly (adv) feel anxious / anxiety
constantly do sth/be constantly doing sth  deadline (n)
 fascination (n) tight deadlines / a close deadline / deadline is
have a fascination with sth near
 to hypothesize (v)  emotion (n)
to hypothesize that emotional (adj)
 to lead to (phrasal v) emotional intelligence/thinking/thoughts/
 logical (adj) responses/decisions
in a logical way/logical thought/logical  to encounter (v)
thing to do encounter sb/problems
 point of view (n)  guilt (n)
from sb’s point of view guilty (adj)
 to sort (v) feel guilty
sort things into categories  inappropriate (adj)
inappropriate decisions
be inappropriate for
 rational (adj)
make a rational decision
rational thinker/thinking
 to strengthen (v)
to strengthen commitment
strength (n)
It takes great strength (not) to do sth
 response (n)
 risky (adj)

Vocabulary Development - Language for Comparing Academic Words

and Contrasting
Words and phrases that compare:  abstract (adj)
By the same token abstract ideas
Equally  category (n)
Similarly organize sth into different categories
In the same way  complex (adj)
a complex process
Words and phrases that contrast:  depressed (adj)
despite to get depressed
in spite of  to interpret (v)
whereas to interpret the results of an experiment
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  to maximize (v)
IMPORTANT NOTE: to maximize profits
Please skip Exercise 2 Item 1 as “on the contrary” is  reluctant (adj)
introduced in a different sense there. reluctant to do sth
 solely (adv)
solely responsible for

MORE TO READ II

TEXT 106 E-BOOKS EMERGE

 to feel/have/resist/fight/suppress an urge to do  a major/ considerable/complex/risky/ hazardous
sth (n) undertaking (n)
 a strong urge to do sth to undertake a task/a project/research/a study
 except for (prep) (v)
 to turn down (phr.v.)  a minority of (n)
 at the disposal of sb/at sb’s disposal (n)  nomination for sth (n)
 virtually (adv) to nominate sb (for sth) (v)
 to submit sth (to sb/sth)  fortunately (adv)
submission (n)
 prospects for/of sth (n)
 as regards sth (idiom)

TEXT 141 THE ERA OF HIGH-TECH POLLUTION

 annual turnover (n)  an uphill struggle/battle/fight (adj)
 frustratingly high/low (adv)  precisely (adv)
 an (average) lifespan of (5 days/10 years) (n) precise details/instructions/measurements (adj)
 be confined to sth (adj)  to monitor (v)
 the vast majority of (n)  purchase (n)
 be charged with (adj)  waste disposal (n)
 dump (toxic) waste (v)  life expectancy of sth/sb(n)

WEEK 2

SKILLFUL 3 Reading & Writing UNIT 1

Reading 1 – Social Identity Reading 2 – How Permanent is your personality?
 to categorize (v)  correlation (n)
easy to categorize no/low/high correlation between A and B
categorize things into  to tend (v)
 to confirm (v) to tend to believe that
 consequence (n)  current (adj)
think about the consequences a more current study
serious consequences a current event/employee
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 debate (n)  frustrated (adj)
to have a debate over / debates over sth feel frustrated with sb/oneself
 to define (v)  to suggest (v)
difficult to define results of the research suggest that
 desirable (adj) new evidence suggests that
desirable qualities/characteristics  participant (n)
 mature (v) half of the participants
mature quicker  to rate (v)
 tension (n) to be rated very high
to reduce tensions between to rate oneself
tensions arise over sth  modest (adj)
 affiliation (n) a modest person
 to foster (v) a modest correlation
 rivalry (n)  conscientiousness (n)
 sibling (n)  perseverance (n)

Vocabulary Development – Identity Types Academic words

 extroverted (adj)  comprehensive (adj)
 feeling (adj) a comprehensive study
 introverted (adj)  journal (n)
 intuitive (adj) psychology journal
 judging (adj)  outcome (n)
 perceiving (adj) surprised by the outcome
 sensing (adj)  scope (n)
 thinking (adj) the scope of the study
 variable (n)
such variables as age, gender, etc.
 volunteer (n)
a group of 500 volunteers

MORE TO READ II

TEXT 140 CAUSES OF ENDANGERMENT

 endangered (adj)  intentionally (adv)
endangerment (n)  accidentally (adv)
 to conceive sth/of sth (as sth)  unintended consequences (adj)
it is hard to conceive  essential nutrient (n)
conception (of sth) // conception (that) (n)  essential nutrient (adj)
 to encompass sth (v)  the utilization of sth (n)
 captive/wildlife conservation (n) to utilize sth (as sth) (v)
 overexploitation (n)  to jeopardize sb/sth (v)
 to undergo alterations (v) to put sb/sth in jeopardy (n)
 to accelerate sth (v)  to alter sth (v)
to be accelerated  unavoidable (adj)
 to adjust to new circumstances (v)  utilization of sth (n)
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 to react to (v)  literally (adv)
 a potent force/symbol/weapon/drug (adj)  incredibly low/high (adv)
 to induce sth (v)  be confined (to a small area) (adj)
to be induced by  devastate (v)
 to detect sth (v)  be devastated (adj)
 to be susceptible to sth (adj)  to transmit a disease (v)
 to disrupt ecological balances (v)  the transmission of a disease (n)

TEXT 28 LANGUAGE AND SEX

 to induce sb to do sth (v)
 claim equality (n)
equality between X and Y
 to reveal that + S + V (v)
 in an attempt to do sth // to make an attempt
to do sth (n)
 child-rearing (n)
to rear sb/sth (v)
 to have a tendency to do sth (n)
to tend to do sth (v)
 to be unfamiliar with sth (adj)
unfamiliarity (n)
 to interact with sb (v)
 transmission (of sth)(n)
 a plausible explanation/excuse (adj)
 tolerant of sb/sth (adj)
 misconduct (n)
 in view of sth (idiom)
 to address sb’s needs/an issue/a problem (v)
 to fulfill a duty/a promise/a responsibility (v)
the fulfillment of a promise (n)
 mutual understanding/admiration/respect (adj)
 linguistic/racial/gender/sexual/age discrimination
discrimination against/in favour of sb (n)
to discriminate against/in favour of sb (v)
 to imply that + S + V // to imply sth (v)
implication (n)
 literally (adv)

TEXT 29 DO MEN AND WOMEN SPEAK THE SAME LANGUAGE?

 to judge sb/sth by sth (v)  to contradict sb/sth (v)
 grave reasons (adj) contradiction (between A and B) (n)
 misinterpretation (n) contradictory messages/statements/demands
to misinterpret sth (as sth) (v) (adj)
 to arise from sth (v)  hazard (n)
a problem arises avoid a hazard
 contrary to general impression/popular  abruptly (adv)
belief/opinion (adj) an abrupt change/halt/end (adj)
 social gatherings // a family gathering (n)  a clash of (n)
 to participate in sth (v)  to trigger sth (v)
participation in sth (n)  sensitivity to sth (n)
a participant (in sth) (n)  equally (adv)
 to interrupt sb (v) equally true
interruption (n)  tentativeness (n)
 be capable of doing sth (adj) tentative (adj)
 notably (adv)  to assert oneself (v)
a notable success/achievement/example (adj) assertive (adj)
 male/female/foreign/British counterparts (n)  to impose sth on sb (v)
 a reciprocal exchange/relationship (adj)  to reassure sb (about sth) / to reassure sb that
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 to dominate (v) + S + V (v)
 to raise a topic/an issue/a subject/a question (v)  discrepancy (between A and B/in sth) (n)
 to elaborate on sth (v)  to conceal sth (v)

TEXT 51 CULTURE AND FIELDWORK

 customary behaviour (adj)  to guide sb / sth (v)
 response (n)  to abide by sb’s decision (phr. v.)
respondent (n)  prevalent (among young children/in big cities)
 intense (adj) (adj)
at an intense rate  withdraw from (v)
 heredity (n)  mainstream culture/politics/journals/media
 to acquire customs/a language/information (v) (adj)
 to conform to rules/standards (phr. v.)  bizarre (adj)
conformity (n)  gain / produce insight into sth (n)
(non)conformist (n)  phenomenon (plural: phenomena) (n)
 eventually (adv)  to engage in sth (phr. v.)
 explicit X implicit (adj)  immersion in sth (n)
explicit rules  to employ sth (v)
 conscious (adj)  cooperation (n)
to be conscious of cooperation of sb / with sb / between A and B
 intimate (personal) relationships (adj)
 to confide sth to sb (v)

WEEK 3

SKILLFUL 3 Reading & Writing UNIT 4

Reading 1 – The top five causes of wildfires Reading 2 – Controlling the uncontrollable
 beneficial (adj)  to conduct (v)
hugely beneficial to sth/the environment to conduct forest fire exercises/research
 costly (adj)  to employ (v)
to become more costly to employ (a number of) different methods/a
destructive and costly technique
 to enforce (v)  to extinguish (v)
to enforce (local) laws to extinguish the fire
properly enforced to be completely extinguished
 maintenance (n)  historically (adv)
maintenance of equipment Historically, …
proper maintenance  latter (adj)
 to melt (v) in the latter half of the century
ice/snow melts  to renew (v)
to cause ice to melt to renew ecosystems/the land
 rural (adj)  to threaten (v)
rural areas to threaten local communities/a town
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  to supervise (v)  vegetation (n)
to supervise young children vegetation recovers
to need to be supervised to kill/clear the vegetation
 wilderness (n)  unpredictable (adj)
a country’s wilderness
 acre (n)
 to evaporate (v)
 sparks (n)

Vocabulary Development-Collocations with Academic words

Problem
 the root of the problem  to acknowledge (v)
 to cope with a problem to acknowledge that…
 to remedy a problem  capable (adj)
 to be faced with problems to be capable of doing sth
 a pressing problem  decade (n)
 a minor problem for several decades
 a grave problem  error (n)
 a perennial problem human error
 federal (adj)
federal governments
 regulation (n)
tight regulations

MORE TO READ II

TEXT 40
 to attain sth (v)  to be consistent (adj)
attainable goals/targets/objectives (adj) consistently (adv)
the attainment of a goal (n) consistency (n)
 existence of (n)  to sit idly (adv)
 aspects of (n)  a stable cultural environment (adj)
 a steady rhythm of / way of life (adj)  mutual rights and obligations (adj)
 to contribute to sth (phr. v.)  to be affectionate (adj)
 continuity in (n) affectionately (adv)
 longevity (n) affection (n)
 inclination to do sth (n)  reduce (emotional) tensions (n)
to be inclined to do sth (adj)  to retain sth (v)

TEXT 121 BRAIN GENE ‘CLUE TO AGEING’

 an association between A and B (n)  virtually every mental symptom (adv)
to be associated with sth (adj)  deterioration (n)
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 presence X absence of sth/sb  to result from sth (phr. v.)
 progressive decline/reduction in sth (adj)  to obtain sth (v)
 vital (adj)  to tackle sth (v)
 to decline (v)
decline (n)
 mildly (adj)

WEEK 4
SKILLFUL 3 Reading & Writing UNIT 5
Reading 1 – Panama Canal Reading 2 – Dangers and Opportunities in the
Arctic Circle
 cargo (n)  to arise (v)
to transport cargo if the need arises
cargo ships  coastal (adj)
 to circumnavigate (v) coastal areas
to circumnavigate the Earth/the world  dispute (n)
 feat (n) to have a dispute about sth
a significant feat of engineering  to halt (v)
one of the greatest engineering feats to be halted
 to fumigate (v)  indigenous (adj)
 swamp (n) indigenous to Australia
to get rid of swamps  marine (adj)
 toll (n) marine animals
to pay a toll  reef (n)
 treaty (n)  sparse (adj)
to sign a treaty only a sparse amount of
 zone (n)  legislation (n)
a construction zone  observer (n)
 malaria (n)  sustainable (adj)

Vocabulary Development – Verbs for talking about Academic Words

change
 to demolish  to abandon (v)
to demolish the homes to abandon the original project
 to develop  alternative (adj)
to develop the downtown area alternative routes
 to extend  nevertheless (adv)
 to make sth into sth  primary (adj)
 to remodel primary goal
 to replace  to purchase (v)
to be replaced with sth  straightforward (adj)
 to tear down
to be torn down
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 to transform
to completely transform a place

MORE TO READ II

TEXT 21 THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOR

 to be concerned with sth/sb (adj)  identical (adj)
 to be rooted in sth (adj)  stimulus (plural: stimuli) (n)
 heredity (n) to stimulate sth (v)
 curiously (adv)  to substitute (for) sb/sth // to substitute A for B
to be curious (about sth) // to be curious (to do (v)
sth) (adj) substitution (n)
curiosity (about sth) // curiosity (to do sth) (n) a substitute (for sb/sth) (n)
 to make/draw a distinction (between A and B) (n)  artificial eggs/flowers/sweeteners (adj)
the distinction between A and B artificially (adv)
to be distinct from sth (adj)  innovative (adj)
 live independently (adv)  to permit sb to do sth (v)
 mature (adj)  to range from A to B (n)
 a hereditary illness/disease/condition/problem  to construct a shelter/building (v)
(adj)  to satisfy sb’s needs (v)
 an instinctive behavior/reaction (adj) satisfaction of sth (n)
instinctively (adv)  to relieve an unpleasant feeling (v)
instinct to do sth (n) relief (n)
based on instinct  strictly forbidden (adv)

TEXT 80 ETHICS OF INTERNET

 a place of liberty (n)  to address an issue/a problem (v)
 censorship (n)  to justify sth/doing sth (v)
 to censor sth (v) justification (for sth/doing sth) (n)
 to ban sth (v)  notion of sth // notion that + S + V //
a ban (on sth) (n) accept/challenge/reject a notion (n)
 legislation (n)  a feasible plan/suggestion/idea (adj)
 to impose sth (on/upon sth/sb)  to be distressed (adj)
imposition of laws/censorship (n)  utilization of sth (n)
 to prohibit sth/to prohibit sb from doing sth (v)  have the wisdom to do sth (n)
the prohibition of sth (n)  for the sake of sth/of doing sth (idiom)
enforce prohibitions  antidote to sth (n)
 to enforce sth (on/against sb/sth) (v)  to be reliant on/upon sb/sth (adj)
 implication (of sth) (for sth) (n)  the integrity of a medium (n)
 restricted to sth (adj)

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TEXT 124 HEALING ILLNESSES
 to persist (in doing sth) (v)  an integral part of sth (adj)
a persistent problem (adj)  a significant feature (adj)
persisting theme (adj)  the onset of sth (n)
persistence (n)  to assist sth (v)
 to maintain good health/standards/close links  inborn (adj)
(v)  particularly (adv)
 purely (adv)  in an attempt to do sth (n)
 a cure for sth (n)  to progress (v)
to cure sb/sth (v) the disease progresses

WEEK 5
SKILLFUL 3 Reading & Writing UNIT 6
Reading 1 – Fighting Cholera Reading 2 – The economic impact of disease
 to associate (v)  to alarm (v)
associate sth with sth alarmed (adj)
 effective (adj) be alarmed when…
an effective treatment dependent (adj)
 to gather (v) to be dependent on
to gather data together/proof  to distinguish (v)
 infected (adj) to distinguish between A and B
to be infected by/with a disease  doubtful (adj)
 major (adj) to be doubtful (that)…
a major cause of death; major rivers/towns/cities  overall (adv/adj)
 polluted (adj) Overall, …
polluted air the overall demography of society
to become polluted  overlook (v)
 proof (n) sth is overlooked; sth cannot be overlooked
There is proof that shows…  productive (adj)
to gather proof productive days
 supply (n) productivity (n)
a supply of fresh water / fresh water supply a country’s productivity; loss of productivity
 related (adj)
to be related to sth
health-related issues

Vocabulary Development – Cause and effect Academic words

Phrasal verbs:  to collapse (v)
 to result in industry collapses
 to result from  exposure (n)
exposure to sth
Linkers:  hence (adv)
 consequently  transmission (n)
 because of to prevent the transmission of diseases
 therefore  ultimately (adv)
 as a result  to undergo (v)
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 undergo audits
 virtually (adv)
virtually all + noun
 widespread (adj)
to become more widespread

MORE TO READ II
TEXT 22 ADDICTIVE PERSONALITY
 dependence (n) to adjust sth (to sth) (v)
 a (constant) compulsion (to do sth) (n)  to exaggerate sth (v)
compulsive eating/spending/gambling (adj) exaggeration (n)
 impulse to do sth (n)  an obstructive influence (adj)
 to originate from (v) to obstruct sth (v)
 to be associated with sth (adj) obstruction (n)
 to engage in sth (phr. v.)  to exaggerate an activity (v)
 to neglect sb / sth (v)  to alter a person’s brain chemistry (v)
 to be secretive (about sth) (adj) alteration (n)
 to have access to sth (n)  to abstain (from sth) (v)
to access sth (v)  intervention in sth (n)
 substance/alcohol/drug abuse (n) to intervene in sth (v)
to abuse alcohol/drugs (v)  to suffer from malnutrition (n)
 to impair (v) treatment for malnutrition
 to make adjustments to sth (n)

TEXT 23 SCHIZOPHRENIA
 deterioration of sth (n)  logical X illogical (adj)
 apparent inability to do sth (adj)  totally incomprehensible (adj)
for no apparent reason  distortion (n)
 to live up to sth (phr. v.) to distort sth (v)
 major disturbances (n) distorted perceptions/body image/belief (adj)
 perception of reality (n)  to exclude sth (from sth) (v)
to perceive sth exclusion (of sb/sth) (from sth) (n)
to perceive sb/sth to be sb/sth // to perceive  to display (v)
sb/sth as sb/sth (v)  social/emotional withdrawal (n)
 to account for sth (phr. v.)  appropriate X inappropriate (adj)
 to occupy a place (v)  the onset of sth (n)
to be occupied by sb  to be liable to do sth (adj)
 a striking symptom/resemblance/feature (adj)  a considerable period of time (adj)
 peculiar ideas (adj) considerably (adv)
peculiarity (n)

TEXT 145 HENRY FORD

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  economic/future/ long-term/ global/ national/
world prosperity // a period of prosperity (n)
 a prosperous country/landowner (adj)
 a/the shift from X to Y (n)
 inclination (to do sth) (n)
technically/musically/academically/artistically
inclined children (adj)
 to envision sth (v)
 enormous profits (adj)
 a scientific/social/cultural revolution // a
revolution in sth (n)
a revolutionary leader/idea/movement (adj)
to revolutionize sth (v)
 to propose (doing) sth // to propose that + S +
V (v)
proposal to do sth // proposal for sth (n)
 to enact sth / it is enacted that + S + V (v)
the enactment of the bill (n)
 to introduce/pass/enact/adopt legislation
legislation to do sth (n)
 to embark on/upon sth (phr. v.)
 a sense of accomplishment // a remarkable/
significant/impressive/considerable
accomplishment (n)
to accomplish sth (v)
 reliable X unreliable (adj)
 an outspoken anti-Semite/critic of the
government (adj)
 to denounce sb/sth (as sth) (v)

WEEK 6

SKILLFUL 3 Reading & Writing UNIT 2

Reading 1 – Beautifully Broken Reading 2 – Community Development: A New
Business in Town
 flaw (n)  delicate (adj)
 to imitate sb/sth (v) to be very delicate
 incident (n) delicate glasses/work
about the incident  entirely (adv)
 modest (adj) to be made entirely of sth
to be modest about one’s work to produce sth entirely by machine
to have a modest view of sth  functional (adj)
 piece (n) functional furniture; a functional chair
1. glue the pieces back together  to harm sth / sb (v)
small/broken pieces; pieces of sth  objection (n)
2. a beautiful piece to have objections / not have any objections
 practice (n) to face objections
the practice among  on good terms (phrase)
such practices; cultural practices to be on good terms with sb
 smash (v)  romantic (adj)
to smash a cup; the cup smashed a romantic impression/notion(s) of sth
 value (v)  thick (adj)
The Japanese traditionally value… thick wool sweaters/fingers
 aesthetic (n)  affordable (adj)
 humility (n)  automated (adj)

Vocabulary Development – Adjectives for Academic Words

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Describing Products
 appealing  to enhance (v)
 contemporary to enhance sth by doing sth
 durable  notion (n)
 fake the notion that
 generic  overseas (adv)
 innovative travel overseas
 mass-produced  philosophy (n)
 multi-functional my personal philosophy is that S + V
 to survive (v)
 tradition (n)
to have a tradition of

MORE TO READ II

TEXT 62 PARAGLIDING
 sufficient equipment/evidence/funds (adj)  progression (from sth) (to sth) (n)
 to be proficient in/at sth (doing) sth (adj)  to soar (v)
proficiency in/at (doing) sth (n) (both as a transitive and intransitive verb)
 an aspect of sth (n)  to descend (v)
one of the most attractive aspects of sth  reckless actions (adj)
 to act accordingly (adv) recklessly (adv)
 to develop/use judgment (n) recklessness (n)
 predetermined landing spot/level of  an accurate statement (adj)
spending/limit/amount (adj)  a courageous decision/individual (adj)
to predetermine sth (v)  a high/strong probability of (n)
 pioneer in/of sth (n)  the vast majority (n)
 rewarding (adj)
a rewarding activity/job

TEXT 137 AFRICA’S DRY LANDS

 severe food shortages/weather conditions (adj)  an impoverished region/area (adj)
 food/water/housing shortages (n)  fragile (adj)
 extended drought (adj)  mental/physical/gradual/rapid deterioration (n)
 catastrophic (adj) to deteriorate (v) (both as a transitive and
 starvation (n) intransitive verb)
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 impaired health/vision/memory (adj)  bankruptcy (n)
to impair sth (v) bankrupt (adj)
 food supplies (n)  environmental degradation (n)
 to ease the pain/suffering (v)  to diminish (sth) (v)
 hazard to sb/sth // fire/safety/health hazard (n) to be diminished (adj)
hazardous waste/chemicals (adj)  arid (adj)
 to recur (v)  menace (n)
 massive (adj) the menace of
 financial/political/economic constraints (on the  one of the foremost causes of (adj)
company/schools) (n)  to be equivalent to (adj)
 to take (drastic / tough / extreme) measures (to
do sth/against sth) (n)

TEXT 156 THE MYSTERY OF THE DISAPPEARING AUTHOR

 mysterious case/circumstances/events/
 situations (adj)
 to be/remain a mystery // to solve/uncover/
unravel/explain a mystery (n)
 to disappear (v)
 the disappearance (of sb/sth) (from sth) (n)  to give sb a hint (about /as to sth) (n)
 an enviable figure (adj)
to be envious (of sb/sth) (adj)
enviably (adv)
 to vanish (without a trace/into thin air/from
the face of the earth) (v)
 for no apparent reason (adj)
to be apparent (from sth) (that + S + V)
to be apparent (to sb) (that + S + V)
apparently (adv)
 to hint (that + S + V) // to hint at sth (v)
 to resemble sb/sth (v)
 to bear (a striking/close/strong) resemblance (to
sb/sth)
resemblance between A and B (n)
 to be on the verge of sth/of doing sth (idiom)

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