Republic of the Philippines

OCCIDENTAL MINDORO STATE COLLEGE

Labangan, San Jose, Occidental Mindoro
website: www.omsc.edu.ph email address: omsc_9747@yahoo.com
Tele/Fax: (043) 457-0231 CERTIFIED TO ISO 9001:2015
CERT. NO.: 50500643 QM15

Learning Module
in
Introduction to Cybercrime

Compiled by:

RYAN P. JAVIER

The compiler does not own any of the contents of this learning module. Due credits and acknowledgement
are given to the authors, internet sources, and researchers listed on the reference page. Such sources are
reserved to further explain concepts and cannot be credited to the compiler and the school. All diagrams,
charts, images are used for educational purposes only. The sole objective of this instructional material is to
facilitate independent learning and not for monetary gains because this is NOT FOR SALE.

2020 Edition
 Republic of the Philippines
OCCIDENTAL MINDORO STATE COLLEGE
Labangan, San Jose, Occidental Mindoro
website: www.omsc.edu.ph email address: omsc_9747@yahoo.com
Tele/Fax: (043) 457-0231 CERTIFIED TO ISO 9001:2015
CERT. NO.: 50500643 QM15

APPROVAL SHEET

This Instructional Material entitled LEARNING MODULE IN INTRODUCTION TO CYBERCRIME, compiled

by RYAN P. JAVIER (A.Y. 2020-2021), is recommended for production and utilization by the students and
faculty members of the Occidental Mindoro State College.

PANEL OF EVALUATORS

Local Evaluation Committee

College of Criminal Justice Education

MARY GRACE F. BAROLO, PhD ANTONINO P. PERALTA, MSCA

Member Member

KHARINE M. REYNO, PhD

Chairperson

Overall Instructional Materials Development Committee

VENESSA S. CASANOVA, PhD MA. IMELDA C. RAYTON, MAEd

Member Member

Recommending Approval:

JESSIE S. BAROLO, JR., MAEd

Chairperson

Approved:

ELBERT C. EDANIOL, EdD

Vice President for Academic Affairs
 The author would like to recognize all the book authors and websites he used as
references for this module.

To Dr. Marlyn G. Nielo SUC, President III, for the incomparable administration in this
institution.

To Occidental Mindoro State College, for their untiring support to its faculty members,
employees and students.

To Dr. Kharine M. Reyno, Dean, College of Criminal Justice Education, Dr. Mary Ann A.
Salazar, and Mr. Antonino P. Peralta for their guidance, point of view, and commentary on this
module.

To the IM Committee, for patiently reviewing and giving sound criticism.

Above all, to the Almighty God for the guidance and blessings bestowed upon the
authors in the painstaking effort exerted in this work.

R.P.J
 Computer crime refers to criminal activity involving a computer. The computer may be
used in the commission of a crime or it may be the target. Net-crime refers to criminal use of the
Internet. Cyber-crimes are essentially a combination of these two elements and can be best
defined as "Offenses that are committed against individuals which criminal motive to
intentionally harm the reputation of the victim or cause physical or mental harm to the victim
directly or indirectly (chat rooms, emails, notice board and groups) and mobile phones
(SMS/MMS)."

Cybercrime research has grown in visibility and importance during the last two decades.
Nevertheless, despite the growing public interest in cybercrime and its consequences for
businesses and individuals, only limited attention has been given in the criminological discipline
to investigation and understanding of this type of crime.

In its most simple form, cyber crime can be defined as any illegal activity that uses a
computer as its primary means of function. The U.S. Department of Justice broadens this
definition to include any illegal activity that uses a computer for the storage of evidence. The
term 'cyber-crime' can refer to offenses including criminal activity against data, infringement of
content and copyright, fraud, unauthorized access, child pornography and cyber-stalking.

The purpose of this module is to introduce students and instructors with the technical,
social and legal aspects of cybercrime as well as expose students and instructors to theories
and tools that enable scientific exploration of this phenomenon.

R.P.J
LESSON 1: BASIC CONCEPT OF COMPUTING 1
1. Introduction to Computer 1
2. Development and Anatomy of Computer 2
3. Input and Output Devices 4
4. Computer Hardware and Software 5
5. Advantages and Disadvantages of Using a Computer 9

LESSON 2: INTERNET COMPUTER VIRUS, ICT SYSTEM AND IT 13

1. Definition, History and Different Types of Internet 13
2. Different Types of Computer Virus 15
3. Different Types of Computer Vaccines / Anti-Virus 16
4. ICT System and I.T. 17
5. Advantages and Disadvantages of ICT 18

LESSON 3: INTRODUCTION TO CYBERCRIME 22

1. Definition and History of Cyber Crime 22
2. Concept of Cyber Crime 23
3. Evolution, Categories and Classification of Cyber Crime 24
4. Typology of Cyber Crime 26
5. Classification of Computer Crime 27
6. Definition and Different Types of Stalking 29

LESSON 4: THE HACKER, HACKING TACTICS AND THE VICTIM 34

1. Who is the Hacker 34
2. Different Types of Hacker 35
3. Hacker Attitude and Hacking Techniques 36
4. Hacker vs. Cracker 37
5. How to Protect Yourself from Cyber Crime 40

LESSON 5: CYBER SECURITY AND COMPUTER FORENSIC 44

1. Definition, Tools and Techniques of Cyber Security 44
2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Cyber Security 45
3. What is Computer Forensic 46
4. What is Digital Data and where can it be found 47
5. What does a Computer Forensic specialist do 52

LESSON 6: INTERNATIONAL DIMENSIONS OF CYBERCRIME 57

1. Cybercrime and International Organization 57
2. International Laws and Cybercrime 60
3. Human Rights and Cybercrime 61
4. Economic Impact of Cybercrime 62

LESSON 7: CYBERCRIME LAW IN THE PHILIPPINES 65

1. Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 65
2. Cybercrime Offenses 66
3. Cybercrime Penalties 68
4. Enforcement and Implementation 70

REFERENCES 76
 A Primer to RA 9344 (Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2004)
Course Hero

Republic Act No. 9344 or the “Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act” defines the Juvenile
Justice and Welfare System as a system dealing with children at risk and children in conflict with
the law, which provides child-appropriate proceedings, including programs and services for
prevention, diversion, rehabilitation, re-integration and aftercare to ensure their normal growth
and development.

Instead of using the word “juvenile”, Philippine laws made use of the word “child”. As
defined in R.A. No. 9344, “Child” is a person under the age of eighteen (18) years. While “Child
at Risk” refers to a child who is vulnerable to and at the risk of committing criminal offences
because of personal, family and social circumstances. Some of the examples mentioned in the
law are: being abandoned or neglected, and living in a community with a high level of criminality
or drug abuse.

“Child in Conflict with the Law” or CICL on the other hand refers to a child who is alleged
as, accused of, or adjudged as, having committed an offence under Philippine laws.

A child can commit an act or omission whether punishable under special laws or the
amended Revised Penal Code which is referred to as an “Offence”. Under Republic Act 10630,
offences which only apply to a child and not to adults are called “Status Offences”. These shall
not be considered as offences and shall not be punished if committed by a child. Examples of
status offences include curfew violations, truancy, parental disobedience and the like.

Before R.A. No. 9344 was enacted, children at risk and CICL were treated much like
adult offenders as when former President Ferdinand Marcos, Sr. signed into law the Judiciary
Reorganization Act 1980 which abolished the juvenile and domestic relations courts. As such
child offenders were subjected to the same adversarial proceedings as their adult counterparts.

As an offshoot of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC),
the R.A. No. 9344 intends to deal with these children without resorting to judicial proceedings.
Instead of punishing juvenile offenders and treating them as criminals, these child offenders will
be provided by the State and the community with assistance to prevent them from committing
future offenses. A Juvenile Justice and Welfare Council is created and is attached to the
Department of Justice. It is chaired by an undersecretary of the DSWD and is responsible for
the effective implementation of this Act among these government agencies: CWC, DepEd,
DILG, PAO, BUCOR, PPA, NBI, PNP, BJNP, CHR, TESDA, NC and other institutions that are
focused on juvenile justice
 This piece is dedicated to our

Almighty God

To my beloved family…

To OMSC CCJE Family and Students

And to all of my relatives and friends

R.P.J