Questions

1. Who is the father of Computers? understanding high level languages,

a) James Gosling compilers/interpreters are required.
b) Charles Babbage
c) Dennis Ritchie 6. Which of the following computer language is written in binary
d) Bjarne Stroustrup codes only?
Answer: b a) pascal
Explanation: Charles Babbage is known as the father of b) machine language
computers. Charles Babbage designed and built the first c) C
mechanical computer and Difference Engine. d) C#
Answer: b
2. Which of the following is the correct abbreviation Explanation: Machine Language is written in binary
of COMPUTER? codes only. It can be easily understood by the computer
a) Commonly Occupied Machines Used in Technical and is very difficult for us to understand. A machine
and Educational Research language, unlike other languages, requires no
b) Commonly Operated Machines Used in Technical and translators or interpreters.
Environmental Research
c) Commonly Oriented Machines Used in Technical and 7. Which of the following is the brain of the computer?
Educational Research a) Central Processing Unit
d) Commonly Operated Machines Used in Technical b) Memory
and Educational Research c) Arithmetic and Logic unit
Answer: d d) Control unit
Explanation: The word COMPUTER is an abbreviation Answer: a
for the terms “Commonly Operated Machines Used in Explanation: The CPU is referred to as the brain of a
Technical and Educational Research”. The word computer.
COMPUTER also relates to the word COMPUTE which It consists of a control unit and an arithmetic and logic
means to calculate. So initially, it was thought that a unit. It is responsible for performing all the processes
computer is a device that is used to perform and operations.
calculations.
8. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a
3. Which of the following is the correct definition of computer?
Computer? a) Versatility
a) Computer is a machine or device that can be b) Accuracy
programmed to perform arithmetical or logic operation c) Diligence
sequences automatically d) I.Q.
b) Computer understands only binary language which is Answer: d
written in the form of 0s & 1s Explanation: The Computer system has no I.Q. of its
c) Computer is a programmable electronic device that own. It does only what it is programmed to do. It cannot
stores, retrieves, and processes the data take decisions of its own.
d) All of the mentioned A computer is diligent because it can work continuously
Answer: d for hours without getting any errors or without getting
Explanation: A computer is a machine or device that can grumbled.
be programmed to perform arithmetical or logic The accuracy of a computer is consistently high and its
operation sequences automatically. The computer level of accuracy depends on its design. A computer can
understands only binary codes (0s & 1s). perform any task if, it can be broken down into a series
of logical steps. Therefore, a computer is versatile.
4. What is the full form of CPU?
a) Computer Processing Unit 9. Which of the following is the smallest unit of data in a
b) Computer Principle Unit computer?
c) Central Processing Unit a) Bit
d) Control Processing Unit b) KB
Answer: c c) Nibble
Explanation: CPU stands for Central Processing Unit. d) Byte
CPU is the part of a computer system that is mainly Answer: a
referred as the brain of the computer. Explanation: A bit is defined as the smallest unit of data
5. Which of the following language does the computer in a computer system. It is used as a short form of
understand? Binary Digit. A bit can have only two values 0 or 1. A
a) Computer understands only C Language nibble comprises 4 bits, a byte is a collection of 8 bits
b) Computer understands only Assembly Language whereas KB (Kilobyte) is equal to 1024 bytes.
c) Computer understands only Binary Language
d) Computer understands only BASIC 10. Which of the following unit is responsible for
Answer: c converting the data received from the user into a
Explanation: The Computer understands only binary computer understandable format?
language which is written in the form of 0s & 1s. A a) Output Unit
computer can understand assembly language but an b) Input Unit
assembler is required which convert the assembly c) Memory Unit
language to binary language. Similarly, for d) Arithmetic & Logic Unit
 Questions
Answer: b 15. Which of the following device use positional notation
Explanation: The Input Unit converts the data, which the to represent a decimal number?
user enters into a language that the computer a) Pascaline
understands, i.e. it converts the data into binary format. b) Abacus
The Output Unit is responsible for giving the results in a c) Computer
user-understandable format. The Storage Unit is d) Calculator
responsible for storing the data after immediate results
of processing whereas; the ALU is responsible for Answer: b
various arithmetic and bitwise operations. Explanation: Abacus was used to do arithmetic
calculations around 2500 years ago. Pascaline was the
11. Which of the following monitor looks like a television pascal’s calculator by Blaise Pascal invented for doing
and are normally used with non-portable computer laborious calculations.
systems?
a) LED 16. Which of the following is used in EBCDIC?
b) LCD a) Super Computers
c) CRT b) Mainframes
d) Flat Panel Monitors c) Machine Codes
d) Programming
Answer: c
Explanation: A CRT (or the Cathode Ray Tube) Monitor Answer: b
looks like a television ideally. The flat-panel monitors are Explanation: This concept of EBCDIC was invented by
thinner and lighter in comparison. IBM. It is mainly used in the IBM mainframe
environment. So basically, mainframes use EBCDIC
12. Which of the following is not a type of computer codes.
code?
a) EDIC 17. Which of the following are physical devices of a
b) ASCII computer?
c) BCD a) Hardware
d) EBCDIC b) Software
c) System Software
Answer: a d) Package
Explanation: There is no coding scheme like EDIC.
EBCDIC stands for Extended Binary Coded Decimal Answer: a
Interchange Code. BCD stands for Binary Coded Explanation: Hardware refers to the physical devices of
Decimal. ASCII stands for American Standard Code for a computer system. Software refers to a collection of
information interchange. programs. A program is a sequence of instructions.

13. Which of the following part of a processor contains 18. Which of the following defines the assigned ordering
the hardware necessary to perform all the operations among the characters used by the computer?
required by a computer? a) Accumulation
a) Controller b) Sorting
b) Registers c) Collating Sequence
c) Cache d) Unicode
d) Data path
Answer: c
Answer: d Explanation: Collating sequence is the term used for
Explanation: A processor is a part of the computer which ordering among characters. It may vary depending upon
does all the data manipulation and decision making. A the type of code used by a computer.
processor comprises of:
A data path that contains the hardware necessary to 19. Which of the following storage is a system where a
perform all the operations. A controller tells the data path robotic arm will connect or disconnect off-line mass
what needs to be done. storage media according to the computer operating
The registers act as intermediate storage for the data. system demands?
a) Magnetic
14. Which of the following is designed to control the b) Secondary
operations of a computer? c) Virtual
a) User d) Tertiary
b) Application Software
c) System Software Answer: d
d) Utility Software Explanation: Tertiary storage is the correct option. It is
used in the realms of enterprise storage and scientific
Answer: c computing on large computer systems and business
Explanation: Software is basically classified into two: computer networks and is something a typical personal
System and application. System Software is designed to computer never sees firsthand.
control the operations and extend the processing
capability of a computer system. 20. Which of the following is known as the interval
between the instant a computer makes a request for the
 Questions
transfer of data from a disk system to the primary a) High level
storage and the instance the operation is completed? b) BASIC
a) Disk utilization time c) C
b) Drive utilization time d) Machine
c) Disk access time
d) Disk arrival time Answer: d
Explanation: The language made up of binary-coded
Answer: c instructions built into the hardware of a particular
Explanation: The interval is referred to as the disk arrival computer and used directly by the computer is machine
time. It depends on several parameters. Generally, a language.
computer makes a request and the operation is served.
26. Which of the following package allows individuals to
21. Which of the following devices provides the use personal computers for storing and retrieving their
communication between a computer and the outer personal information?
world? a) Personal assistance package
a) Compact b) Graphics package
b) I/O c) Spreadsheet package
c) Drivers d) Animation package
d) Storage
Answer: a
Answer: b Explanation: It is a personal assistance package that
Explanation: The I/O i.e. the input/output devices provide allows for the same. It helps in planning and managing
a means of communication between the computer and their schedules, contacts, finances, and inventory of
the outer world. They are often referred to as peripheral important terms.
devices sometimes.
27. Which of the following is created when a user opens
22. Which of the following are the input devices that an account in the computer system?
enable direct data entry into a computer system from a) SFD
source documents? b) MFD
a) System Access devices c) Subdirectory
b) Data acquiring devices d) RFD
c) Data retrieving devices
d) Data Scanning devices Answer: c
Explanation: A subdirectory is created when a user
Answer: d opens an account in the computer system. It is treated
Explanation: They are referred to as data scanning as a file, though flagged in MFD as a subdirectory.
devices. They eliminate the need to key in text data into
the computer. It demands the high quality of input 28. Which of the following is a technique that marked the
documents. beginning of computer communications?
a) User Environment
23. Which of the following is the device used for b) Batch Environment
converting maps, pictures, and drawings into digital form c) Time Sharing
for storage in computers? d) Message passing
a) Image Scanner
b) Digitizer Answer: c
c) MICR Explanation: The answer is time-sharing. In time-
d) Scanner sharing, Users were able to interact with the computer
and could share its information processing resources.
Answer: b
Explanation: A digitizer serves the purpose given in the 29. Which of the following is a type of technique in which
question. Digitizers are generally used in the area of dumb terminals are connected to a central computer
Computer-Aided Design by architects and engineers to system?
design cars, buildings, etc. a) Time Sharing
b) Message passing
24. Which of the following can access the server? c) Batch environment
a) Web Client d) User environment
b) User
c) Web Browser Answer: a
d) Web Server Explanation: This happens in time-sharing. In this, users
were able to interact with the computer and could share
Answer: a its information processing resources.
Explanation: Any computer that has access to the
webserver is called the web client. A web server is any 30. Which of the following service allows a user to log in
computer that uses the HTTP protocol. to another computer somewhere on the Internet?
a) e-mail
25. Which of the following is known as the language b) UseNet
made up of binary-coded instructions? c) Telnet
 Questions
d) FTP 36. Which unit is responsible for converting the data
received from the user into a computer understandable
Answer: c format?
Explanation: Telnet is the answer. It is a service that a) Memory Unit
enables the user to log into another computer b) Arithmetic & Logic Unit
somewhere on the Internet. c) Input Unit
d) Output Unit
31. Which of the following is not a type of computer on
the basis of operation?
a) Digital Answer: c
b) Analog Explanation: The Input Unit converts the data, which the
c) Hybrid user enters into a language which the computer
d) Remote understands, i.e. it converts the data into binary format.
The Output Unit is responsible for giving the results in
Answer: d user-understandable format. The Storage Unit is
Explanation: There are three types of computers responsible for storing the data after immediate results
basically on the basis of operation: of processing whereas; the ALU is responsible for
Analog, Digital, and Hybrid. various arithmetic and bitwise operations.
37. The only language which the computer understands
32. Which of the following type of computer is mostly is ______________
used for automatic operations? a) Assembly Language
a) analog b) Binary Language
b) digital c) BASIC
c) hybrid d) C Language
d) remote

Answer: c Answer: b
Explanation: Hybrid computer is mostly used with Explanation: The Computer understands only binary
automatic operations of complicated physical processes language which is written in the form of 0s & 1s. A
and machines. computer can understand assembly language but an
assembler is required which converts the assembly
33. Which of the following invention gave birth to the language to binary language. Similarly, for
much cheaper microcomputers? understanding high level languages,
a) PDAs compilers/interpreters are required.
b) Microprocessors 38. The smallest unit of data in computer is
c) Microcomputers ________________
d) Mainframes a) Byte
b) Nibble
Answer: b c) Bit
Explanation: The invention of the microprocessor (also d) KB
called a single-chip CPU) gave birth to much cheaper
microcomputers.
Answer: c
34. Which of the following computers are lower than Explanation: A bit is defined as the smallest unit of data
mainframe computers in terms of speed and storage in a computer system. It is used as a short form of
capacity? Binary Digit. A bit can have only two values 0 or 1. A
a) Mainframes nibble comprises of 4 bits, a byte is a collection of 8 bits
b) Hybrid whereas KB (Kilobyte) is equal to 1024 bytes.
c) Mini Note: Join free Sanfoundry classes at Telegram or
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Answer: c 39. One nibble is equivalent to how many bits?
Explanation: The answer is a. Mini computers are a) 2
compared to mainframe computers in terms of: b) 4
1. speed and, 2. storage capacity. c) 8
d) 1
35. Which of the following is the first neural network
computer?
a) AN Answer: b
b) AM Explanation: A nibble is defined as a unit of data which
c) RFD comprises of 4 binary digits or half of 8-bit byte.
d) SNARC Therefore, 1 nibble = 4 bits. A bit is the smallest unit of
data in a computer system. A byte = 8 bits, therefore,
Answer: d half of a byte=4 bits=a nibble.
Explanation: SNARC was the first neural network
computer. it was built by Minsky and Edmonds in 1956. 40. Which of the following describes the correct format
of an input instruction?
 Questions
a) IN 82
b) INPUT 82
c) INP 82
d) 82 INP
Answer: a
Explanation: The input/output instructions are used to
transfer information between external peripherals and
the CPU. The correct format of an input instruction is: IN
8-bit port address.
Here, IN 82 is the correct option, where 82 is the
designated port address. All the other options are
invalid.
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6. The input machine which originated in the United
States around 1880s is a ___________
a) Mouse
b) Joystick
c) Keyboard
d) Bar Code Reader
Answer: c
Explanation: A keyboard is an input device which
originated in the 1880s and is used to give instructions
to the computer in the form of letters and numbers.
Mouse is used for the selection of various objects on the
screen, joystick is mainly used for gaming purpose and
bar code readers are used for reading the bar-codes.
7. What does the COMPUTER stand for?
a) Commonly Operated Machines Used in Technical and
Educational Research
b) Commonly Occupied Machines Used in Technical
and Educational Research
c) Commonly Operated Machines Used in Technical and
Environmental Research
d) Commonly Oriented Machines Used in Technical and
Educational Research
Answer: a
Explanation: The word COMPUTER is an abbreviation
for the terms “Commonly Operated Machines Used in
Technical and Educational Research”. The word
COMPUTER also relates to the word COMPUTE which
means to calculate. So, initially it was thought that a
computer is a device which is used to perform
calculations.
8. 1 yottabyte = ______________
a) 1024 TB
b) 1024 EB
c) 1024 ZB
d) 1024 PB
Answer: c
Explanation: 1 yottabyte is equal to 1024 ZB, which
stands for zettabyte. Further, 1 ZB=1024 EB (exabyte)
and and 1 EB=1024PB (petabyte).
9. Which of the following is not a function of the Input
Unit?
a) It reads instructions and data from the outside world
b) It converts the data into computer acceptable format
c) It makes the data into user understandable format
d) It supplies the data and instructions to the computer
for further processing
Answer: c
Explanation: The input unit converts the data into
computer understandable format i.e. binary format and
not the user understandable format. It is the duty of the
output unit to make the data into user understandable
format.
10. Label the parts 1 and 2:
computer-fundamentals-questions-answers-input-unit-
q10
a) 1.ALU 2. MU
b) 1.Output unit 2.Input Unit
c) 1.MU 2. ALU
d) 1.Input Unit 2.Output Unit
Answer: d
Explanation: The above diagram is a simple explanation
which describes how the instruction is given to the CPU,
how it is processed, and then how the result is obtained.
So here, the input unit is used to give instructions to the
central processing unit and the output unit is responsible
for giving the result to the user.
1. The process of producing useful information for the
user is called ___________
a) Controlling
b) Outputting
c) Inputting
d) Processing
Answer: b
Explanation: The Output Unit is responsible for giving
the results to the user in the form of a printed report or
visual display. The process is referred to as outputting.
Controlling is nothing but the manner and sequence in
which the instructions are being operated. Inputting
means giving instructions to the system whereas,
processing means performing certain operations and
calculations.
2. The output unit converts the data entered by the user
into computer understandable form.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The Output unit is responsible for
converting the computer obtained data into user
understandable format. The Input Unit is responsible for
converting the data in computer understandable format.
3. VDU stands for __________
a) Virtual Display Unit
b) Visual Display Unit
c) Virtual Detection Unit
d) Visual Detection Unit
Answer: b
Explanation: A Visual Display unit is also referred to as
the monitor who basically is used to give the results or
outputs to the user. It comprises of a cathode ray tube
internally.
4. What does SVGA stand for?
a) Standard Visual Graphics Array
b) Super Visual Graphics Array
c) Standard Video Graphics Array
 Questions
d) Super Video Graphics Array results to the user in the form of a printed report or visual
display. It is not responsible for giving the instructions
Answer: d back to the CPU for processing.
Explanation: Super Video Graphics Array is a type of 10. PCI stands for _________
Visual Display Unit.It supports 1024 by 768 pixels with a) Peripheral Component Interconnect
16 million different operations. b) Partial Component Interconnect
5. The devices that used to give single or multiple c) Peripheral Component Interaction
colored images and drawings are ____________ d) Partial Component Interaction
a) Monitors
b) Printers Answer: a
c) Plotters Explanation: PCI is a high-bandwidth bus that can
d) VDUs function as a peripheral bus. Compared with others, it
delivers better system performance. 1. Components that
Answer: c provide internal storage to the CPU are ______
Explanation: Plotters are the devices which are used to a) Registers
give colored images. They use ink pens or ink jets for b) Program Counters
drawing. Pens of different colors and shades are used c) Controllers
for shading and styling. d) Internal chips
6. A special request originated from some device to the
CPU to acquire some of its time is called ___________
a) Disturbance Answer: a
b) Attenuation Explanation: The Registers are the fast storage units.
c) Interrupt They are responsible for storing intermediate
d) Noise computational results in the CPU. The registers can be
user accessible or inaccessible.
Answer: c 2. Saving data and instructions to make them readily
Explanation: An interrupt is a kind of request which takes available is the job of __________
control of the system bus for some time, then performs a) Storage Unit
all the operations and gives back control to the CPU. It is b) Cache Unit
usually identified by some number and is handled by the c) Input Unit
interrupt controller. d) Output Unit
7. Line Printers that print one line at a time are
_________
a) Laser Printers Answer: a
b) Inkjet Printers Explanation: The storage unit is responsible for storing
c) Drum Printers the data. It makes the instructions readily available for
d) Chain Printers additional or initial processing whenever required. The
cache is a software component that stores data to serve
Answer: c the data requests in future. It can contain the result of
Explanation: The drum printers have a solid cylindrical some earlier computations.
drum with characters embossed on its surface in the 3. The two basic types of memory in a computer are
form of circular bands. It can only print a predefined set ________
of characters. computer-fundamentals-questions-answers-arithmetic-
8. A ___________________ monitor looks like a logic-unit-q3
television and are normally used with non-portable a) Primary and major
computer systems. b) Primary and Secondary
a) CRT c) Minor and Major
b) LCD d) Main and virtual
c) LED
d) Flat Panel Monitors
Answer: b
Answer: a Explanation: There are two types of memories in a
Explanation: A CRT (or the Cathode Ray Tube) Monitor computer system: The Primary Memory and the
looks like a television ideally. The flat panel monitors are Secondary Memory.
thinner and lighter in comparison. The primary memory can be directly accessed by the
9. Which of the following is not a function of the Output CPU whereas the secondary memory cannot be directly
Unit? accessed.
a) It produces results that can be easily understood by Sanfoundry Certification Contest of the Month is Live.
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b) It accepts the results produced by the computer advertisement
c) It supplies the data and instructions to the outside 4. Which of the following is used to hold running
world program instructions?
d) It supplies the data and instructions to the computer a) Primary Storage
for further processing b) Virtual Storage
c) Internal Storage
Answer: d d) Minor Devices
Explanation: The output unit is responsible for giving the
 Questions
9. A non-erasable disk that stores digitized audio
Answer: a information is _____
Explanation: The primary storage is responsible for a) CD
holding the data, intermediate results and the results of b) CD-ROM
ongoing processes or jobs. Virtual storage is the main c) DVD-R
memory storage required for saving a large amount of d) DVD-RW
data for future reference. The other options are invalid.
5. Which of the following is non-volatile storage?
a) Backup Answer: a
b) Secondary Explanation: A compact disk stores digitized audio
c) Primary information. The standard system uses 12 cm disks and
d) Cache can record more than 60 minutes of uninterrupted
playing game.
10. The first practical form of Random Access Memory
Answer: b was the __________
Explanation: The secondary storage is the non-volatile a) SSEM
storage unit because the data is not lost when the power b) Cathode Ray Tube
supply is dissipated. Primary memory is the volatile c) William’s Tube
memory. d) Thomas’s Tube
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6. Which of the following is used in main memory? Answer: c
a) SRAM Explanation: The first practical form of RAM was
b) DRAM William’s Tube made in 1947. It stored data as
c) PRAM electrically charged spots on the face of a Cathode Ray
d) DDR Tube. 1. The ‘heart’ of the processor which performs
many different operations _____________
a) Arithmetic and logic unit
Answer: b b) Motherboard
Explanation: DRAM stands for dynamic random access c) Control Unit
memory. It is denser than SDRAM (Static) and therefore d) Memory
it is used in the main memory. They are in the form of
semiconductor RAMs.
7. Which of the following are types of ROMs? Answer: a
a) SROM & DROM Explanation: The Arithmetic and logic unit performs all
b) PROM & EPROM the basic operations of the computer system. It performs
c) Only one type there is no further classification all the arithmetic(+,-,*,/,etc) as well as the logical
d) PROM & EROM operations( AND, OR, NOT, etc.).
2. ALU is the place where the actual executions of
instructions take place during the processing operation.
Answer: b a) True
Explanation: There are four types of Read Only b) False
Memories: MROM, PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM.
MROM stands for Mask ROM
PROM stands for Programmable ROM Answer: a
EPROM stands for Erasable Programmable ROM Explanation: ALU is a combinational electronic circuit
EEPROM stands for Electrically Erasable Programmable which basically performs all the logical or the bitwise
ROM operations and the arithmetic operations. Therefore, it is
When only a small number of ROMs with a particular the place where the actual executions of instructions
memory content is needed, PROM is used and in case take place.
of EPROM, all the contents of the storage cells must be 3. Which of the following is not a bitwise operator?
erased before the write operation. a) |
b) ^
8. RAID stands for __________ c) .
a) Redundant array of independent disks d) <<
b) Redundant array of individual disks
c) Reusable Array of independent disks
d) Reusable array of individual disks Answer: c
Explanation: All except the dot(.) operator are bitwise
operators.
Answer: a | : Bitwise OR
Explanation: RAID is a multiple-disk database design ^ : Bitwise XOR
which is viewed as a single logical disk by the operating << : Shift Left
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 Questions
4. The sign magnitude representation of -1 is 9. Which flag indicates the number of 1 bit that results
__________ from an operation?
a) 0001 a) Zero
b) 1110 b) Parity
c) 1000 c) Auxiliary
d) 1001 d) Carry

Answer: d Answer: b
Explanation: The first leftmost bit i.e. the most significant Explanation: The parity flag indicates the number of 1 bit
bit in the sign magnitude represents if the number is in any operation. The resultant bit is called the parity bit.
positive or negative. If the MSB is 1, the number is The main aim of the parity bit is to check for errors.
negative else if it is 0, the number is positive. Here, 10. The bitwise complement of 0 is ___________
+1=0001 and for -1=1001. a) 00000001
5. IEEE stands for ___________ b) 10000000
a) Instantaneous Electrical Engineering c) 11111111
b) Institute of Emerging Electrical Engineers d) 11111110
c) Institute of Emerging Electronic Engineers
d) Institute of Electrical and electronics engineers
Answer: c
Explanation: Bitwise complement is basically used to
Answer: d convert all the 0 digits to 1 and the 1s to 0s.
Explanation: The IEEE is an organization of So, for 0 = 00000000(in 8-bits) ::: 11111111(1s
professionals in the field of electronics and electrical complement). The bitwise complement is often referred
engineering. IEEE has given certain standards of its own to as the 1s complement.
which are followed in the field of computer science and 1. ____________ is the raw material used as input and
electrical engineering. __________ is the processed data obtained as output of
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6. The ALU gives the output of the operations and the a) Data, Instructions
output is stored in the ________ b) Instructions, Program
a) Memory Devices c) Data, Program
b) Registers d) Program, Code
c) Flags
d) Output Unit
Answer: a
Explanation: Data can be assumed as a raw material
Answer: b which, in turns after processing gives the desired output
Explanation: Any output generated by the ALU gets in the form of instructions. Further, a set of ordered and
stored in the registers. The registers are the temporary meaningful instructions is known as a program.
memory locations within the processor that are 2. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a
connected by signal paths to the CPU. computer?
7. The process of division on memory spaces is called a) Diligence
______________ b) I.Q.
a) Paging c) Accuracy
b) Segmentation d) Versatility
c) Bifurcation
d) Dynamic Division
Answer: b
Explanation: The Computer system has no I.Q. of its
Answer: b own. It does only what it is programmed to do. It cannot
Explanation: The memory space is divided into take decisions of its own.
segments of dynamic size. The programmer is aware of A computer is diligent because it can work continuously
the segmentation and can reallocate the segments for hours without getting any errors or without getting
accordingly. grumbled.
8. Number of bits in ALU is _________ The accuracy of a computer is consistently high and its
a) 4 level of accuracy depends on its design. A computer can
b) 8 perform any task if, it can be broken down into a series
c) 16 of logical steps. Therefore, a computer is versatile.
d) 2 3. Fill in the blank in the diagram.
computer-fundamentals-questions-answers-control-unit-
q3
Answer: c a) Input Unit
Explanation: Arithmetic and Logic Unit consists of 16bits. b) Memory Unit
They perform certain Arithmetic and bitwise operations c) Control Unit
(add, subtract, AND, OR, XOR, Increment, decrement, d) I/O Unit
shift).
 Questions
Answer: c Explanation: There are 3 ways of implementing
Explanation: The control unit manages and coordinates hardwired control unit:
the operations of a computer system. The ALU is A state table is the simplest method in which a number
responsible for performing all the arithmetic and bitwise of circuits are designed based on the cells in the table.
operations . Therefore, both these units combine to form A delay element method consists of a flowchart drawn
the brain of the computer ,which is the central for the circuit. A D-flip flop is used as a delay element.
processing unit. A sequence counter method used k-modulo counter as a
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Important Subjects Newsletters 8. A set of microinstructions for a single machine
advertisement instruction is called ___________
4. The part of a processor which contains hardware a) Program
necessary to perform all the operations required by a b) Command
computer: c) Micro program
a) Data path d) Micro command
b) Controller
c) Registers
d) Cache Answer: c
Explanation: For every micro-operation, a set of
microinstructions are written which indicate the control
Answer: a signals to be activated. A set of microinstructions is a
Explanation: A processor is a part of the computer which micro program. The address of the next microinstruction
does all the data manipulation and decision making. A is given by a Micro-program counter.
processor comprises of:
A data path which contains the hardware necessary to 9. Micro-program consists of a set of microinstructions
perform all the operations. A controller tells the data path which are strings of 0s and 1s.
what needs to be done. a) True
The registers act as intermediate storage for the data. b) False
5. What does MAR stand for?
a) Main Address Register
b) Memory Access Register Answer: a
c) Main Accessible Register Explanation: The computer understands only binary
d) Memory Address Register language. So, the micro-program should have
instructions which are in the form of 0s and 1s. Each
output line of the micro-program corresponds to one
Answer: d control signal.
Explanation: MAR is a type of register which is 10. A decoder is required in case of a ______________
responsible for the fetch operation. MAR is connected to a) Vertical Microinstruction
the address bus and it specifies the address for the read b) Horizontal Microinstruction
and write operations. c) Multilevel Microinstruction
Participate in Computer Fundamentals Certification d) All types of microinstructions
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6. If the control signals are generated by combinational
logic, then they are generated by a type of Answer: a
_______________ controlled unit. Explanation: There are two types of microinstructions:
a) Micro programmed Horizontal and Vertical.
b) Software In a horizontal microinstruction, each bit represents a
c) Logic signal to be activated whereas, in case of vertical
d) Hardwired microinstruction bits are decoded and, the decoder then
produces signals. 1. Which of the following is not a type
of number system?
Answer: d a) Positional
Explanation: The main task of a control unit is to b) Non-Positional
generate control signals. There are two main types of c) Octal
control units: d) Fractional
A hardwired control unit generates control signals by
using combinational logic circuits and the Micro
programmed control unit generates control signals by Answer: d
using some softwares. Explanation: There are two main types of number
7. Which is the simplest method of implementing systems : Positional & Non-positional.
hardwired control unit? Positional System uses digits for the representation
a) State Table Method whereas, non-positional number systems use certain
b) Delay Element Method symbols for the representation of numbers. Octal is a
c) Sequence Counter Method type of positional number systems with base 8.
d) Using Circuits 2. How is the number 5 represented in non-positional
number system?
a) IIIII
Answer: a b) 5
 Questions
c) V
d) v
Answer: b
Explanation: BCD is the binary coded decimal form of
Answer: c representation of numbers in 4 bits.E.g. The BCD
Explanation: In a non-positional number system, 1 is representation of 5 is 0101. BCD representation of 22 is
represented as I, 2 as II, 3 as III, 4 as IIII and therefore, 00100010.
5 is represented as V in Roman Code. The digits in this 8. 1 zettabyte = ______________
number system are represented by symbols. a) 1024 TB
3. The base is the total number of digits in a number b) 1024 EB
system. c) 1024 ZB
a) True d) 1024 PB
b) False

Answer: b
Answer: a Explanation: 1 ZB=1024 EB(exabyte)
Explanation: The statement is true. In a positional 1 EB=1024PB(petabyte)
number system, base is the number of digits the system 1 YB(yottabyte)=1024ZB.
comprises. For example, a binary number system 9. Perfrom BCD addition: 2+3= _______________
comprises of only 2 digits, 0 and 1, therefore its base is a) 0010
2. Similarly, the decimal system comprises 10 digits 0 to b) 0011
9, therefore its base is 10. c) 0101
Sanfoundry Certification Contest of the Month is Live. d) 1010
100+ Subjects. Participate Now!
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4. The LSB and MSB of 1243247 are ____ and ____ Answer: c
a) 1, 7 Explanation: BCD of 2 =0010
b) 4, 7 BCD of 3=0011
c) 7, 1 0010+0011=0101
d) 4, 1 Therefore, 2+3=0101(5).
10. ASCII stands for _____________________
a) American standard code for information interchange
Answer: c b) American scientific code for information interchange
Explanation: The LSB or the least significant bit is the c) American scientific code for international interchange
rightmost digit at the zeros position. The MSB or the d) American standard code of international interchange
most significant bit is the leftmost digit.
5. A device that uses positional notation to represent a Answer: a
decimal number. Explanation: ASCII is an encoding standard which is
a) Abacus used for communications worldwide. ASCII codes are
b) Calculator allotted to digits, special characters and alphabets for
c) Pascaline data communication purpose.
d) Computer 1. The value of base in a decimal number system is
____________
a) 8
Answer: a b) 2
Explanation: Abacus was used to doing arithmetic c) 10
calculations around 2500 years ago. Pascaline was the d) 16
pascal’s calculator by Blaise Pascal invented for doing
laborious calculations.
Check this: BCA Books | Computer Fundamental Books Answer: c
6. The 2’s complement of 5 is ______________ Explanation: A decimal number system consists of 10
a) 1011 digits from 0 to 9.
b) 0101 The definition of base describes it as a quantity to
c) 1010 represent the number of digits present in that particular
d) 0011 number system.
Therefore, here, the base is 10.
2. Convert : (110)2 = ( __ )10.
Answer: a a) 4
Explanation: The 2’s complement is obtained by adding b) 5
1 to the 1s complement of a number. The 1’s c) 6
complement of 5(0101) is 1010. For 2’s complement : d) 9
1010+1=1011.
7. What does BCD stand for?
a) Bitwise coded decimal Answer: c
b) Binary coded decimal Explanation: The base 2 represents that the number is
c) Binary converted decimal binary ,whereas, the base 10 represents that it is to be
d) Bitwise Converted Decimal converted to the decimal format.
 Questions
Conversion: 22 * 1 + 21 * 1 + 20 *0 = 6. Explanation: In a decimal number system, a number with
3. The 2’s complement of 15 is ____________ both integer and a fractional part has digits raised to
a) 0000 both positive and negative powers of 10 and not 2.
b) 0001 e.g. 22.34 = 2 * 101 + 2 * 100 + 3 * 10-1 + 4 * 10-2.
c) 0010 8. The hexadecimal representation of 14 is
d) 0100 _______________
a) A
b) F
Answer: b c) D
Explanation: 2’s complement is obtained by adding 1 to d) E
the 1’s complement of the number.
Here, Binary of 15 = 1111
1’s complement of 15= 0000 Answer: d
2’s complement of 15= 0000+1=0001. Explanation: The hexadecimal representations are as
4. Another name for base is __________ follows:
a) root 10 : A
b) radix 11 : B
c) entity 12 : C
d) median 13 : D
14 : E
15 : F.
Answer: b 9. Which of the following is not a decimal number?
Explanation: Another name for base is radix. Base refers a) 114
to the number of digits that a particular number system b) 43.47
consists of. c) 99.9A
The base of decimal number system is 10, binary is 2 d) 10101
and so on.
Note: Join free Sanfoundry classes at Telegram or
Youtube Answer: c
advertisement Explanation: All the numbers except 99.9A are decimal
5. The decimal equivalent of (0.101)2 will be numbers.
____________ This number has a hexadecimal component A in it,
a) 0.5 therefore , it is not a valid decimal number.
b) 0.625 The decimal equivalent of A is 10.
c) 0.25 10. Select the incorrect option:
d) 0.875 a) (101)10 = (1100101)2
b) G is valid in hexadecimal system.
c) C represents 12
Answer: b d) The base of a decimal number system is 10.
Explanation: Since the base is 2 , it could be easily
guessed that the number is binary. Conversion: 2-1 * 1 +
2-2 * 0 + 2-3 * 1 = 0.625. Answer: b
Take Computer Fundamentals Tests Now! Explanation: G is not a valid hexadecimal number. In
6. The signed magnitude for -3 will be ___________ this system, only representations from A to E are used to
a) 00000011 represent the numbers from 10 to 15. The base of the
b) 10000011 hexadecimal number system is 16.
c) 11111101 1. Which of the following is not a positional number
d) 11111100 system?
a) Roman Number System
b) Octal Number System
Answer: b c) Binary Number System
Explanation: Signed Magnitude of a number is a d) Hexadecimal Number System
representation to determine if the number is positive or
negative.
If the MSB of a number is 0, the number is positive, else Answer: a
if it is 1 the number is negative. Explanation: The Roman number system isn’t a
Here, +3 = 00000011 positional number system since it uses symbols to
-3= 100000011. represent numbers.
7. A number with both integer and a fractional part has The octal number system uses digits from 0-7, the
digits raised to both positive and negative powers of 2 in binary number system uses digits from 0-1 whereas, the
a decimal number system. hexadecimal number system uses digits from 0-15.
a) True 2. The value of radix in binary number system is
b) False _____________
a) 2
b) 8
Answer: b c) 10
d) 1
 Questions
Explanation: In hexadecimal number system, 1110 = 15,
which is represented by the alphabet E.
Answer: a Some representations are:
Explanation: In a binary number system, the value of A 10
base or radix is 2. The binary system uses only two B 11
digits for the representation of numbers, therefore its C 12
base id has chosen to be 2. D 13
3. The binary equivalent of the decimal number 10 is E 14
__________ F 15.
a) 0010 7. A bit in a computer terminology means either 0 or 1.
b) 10 a) True
c) 1010 b) False
d) 010

Answer: a
Answer: c Explanation: A bit stands for a binary digit. A binary digit
Explanation: To get the binary equivalent of any number, can have only two digits i.e. 0 or 1. A binary number
we need to divide the number by 2 and obtain the consisting of n-bits is called an n-bit number.
remainders as : 8. Convert the binary equivalent 10101 to its decimal
computer-fundamentals-questions-answers-binary- equivalent.
number-system-q3 a) 21
We then write the remainders in the reverse order as b) 12
1010 . c) 22
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4. A computer language that is written in binary codes Answer: a
only is _____ Explanation: To convert a binary number to its decimal
a) machine language equivalent follow these steps :
b) C 24 * 1 + 23 * 0 + 22 *1 + 21 * 0 + 20 * 1 = 21.
c) C# Therefore, the answer is 21.
d) pascal 9. Which of the following is not a binary number?
a) 1111
b) 101
Answer: a c) 11E
Explanation: Machine Language is written in binary d) 000
codes only. It can be easily understood by the computer
and is very difficult for us to understand. A machine
language, unlike other languages, requires no Answer: c
translators or interpreters. Explanation: A binary number can have only two
5. The octal equivalent of 1100101.001010 is ______ possible digits, 0 and 1. In the third option, there is an
a) 624.12 alphabet E present which makes it an invalid binary
b) 145.12 number. Alphabets are only allowed in the hexadecimal
c) 154.12 number system.
d) 145.21 10. Which of the following is the correct representation
of a binary number?
a) (124)2
Answer: b b) 1110
Explanation: The octal equivalent is obtained by c) (110)2
grouping the numbers into three, from right to left before d) (000)2
decimal and from right to left after the decimal place.
Here,
computer-fundamentals-questions-answers-binary- Answer: d
number-system-q5 Explanation: The binary numbers should comprise only
i.e. 145.12 is the octal equivalent of the number. two digits 0 and 1.
Get Free Certificate of Merit in Computer Fundamentals Also, for the base, the value should be 2 and it should
Now! be written as a subscript enclosing the entire number.
6. The input hexadecimal representation of 1110 is Here, the fourth option gives the correct representation.
_______________ 1. What could be the maximum value of a single digit in
a) 0111 an octal number system?
b) E a) 8
c) 15 b) 7
d) 14 c) 6
d) 5

Answer: b
Answer: b
 Questions
Explanation: The maximum value in any number system
is one less than the value of the base. The base in an
octal number system is 8, therefore, the maximum value Answer: c
of the single digit is 7. It takes digits from 0 to 7. Explanation: To obtain the octal equivalent, we take
2. In a number system, each position of a digit numbers in groups of 3, from right to left as :
represents a specific power of the base. 000 010 010 100
a) True
b) False 0 2 2 4 = (224)₈.
7. Octal subtraction of (232)8 from (417)8 will give
______________
Answer: a a) 165
Explanation: In a number system, every digit is denoted b) 185
by a specific power of base. Like in an octal system, c) 815
consider the number 113, it will be represented as : d) 516
82 * 1 + 81 * 1 + 80 *3.
3. The maximum number of bits sufficient to represent
an octal number in binary is _______ Answer: a
a) 4 Explanation: Octal subtraction is done as follows:
b) 3 417
c) 7 – 232
d) 8 ________
165
The octal subtraction is the same as that of any other
Answer: b number system. The only difference is, like in a decimal
Explanation: The octal number system comprises of only number system, we borrow a group of 10, in a binary
8 digits. Hence, three bits (23 = 8) are sufficient to system we borrow a group of 2, in an octal number
represent any octal number in the binary format. system, we borrow in groups of 8.
Subscribe Now: Computer Fundamental Newsletter | 8. The 1’s complement of 0.101 is _________________
Important Subjects Newsletters a) 1.010
advertisement b) 0.010
4. The binary number 111 in octal format is c) 0.101
________________ d) 1.101
a) 6
b) 7
c) 8 Answer: a
d) 5 Explanation: The 1’s complement of a number is
obtained by reversing the bits with value 1 to 0 and the
bits with value 0 to 1.
Answer: b Here, 0.101 gets converted to 1.010 in its 1’s
Explanation: Certain binary to octal representations are : complement format.
000=0 9. Convert (5401)8 to hexadecimal.
001=1 a) A01
010=2 b) A02
011=3 c) B01
100=4 d) C01
101=5
110=6
111=7. Answer: c
5. Convert (22)8 into its corresponding decimal number. Explanation: To convert octal to hexadecimal, we first
a) 28 write binary format of the number and then make groups
b) 18 of 4 bits from right to left, as follows:
c) 81 5 4 0 1
d) 82 101 100 000 001 (octal -> binary)
1011 0000 0001 ( groups of 4)
B 0 1 ( hexadecimal equivalent)
Answer: b Therefore, the hexadecimal equivalent is (B01)16.
Explanation: To convert an octal number to decimal
number: 10. Express the decimal format of the signed binary
81 * 2 + 80 * 2 = 16 + 2 = 18. number (10010)2 .
Hence, the decimal equivalent is 18. a) 2
Become Top Ranker in Computer Fundamentals Now! b) 12
6. The octal equivalent of the binary number c) -12
(0010010100)2 is ______________ d) -2
a) 422
b) 242
c) 224 Answer: d
d) 226
 Questions
Explanation: The first bit is the sign bit whereas the rest
of the bits are magnitude bits. So the number is: 0010 = Answer: d
21 * 1 =2 Explanation: To convert a hexadecimal number to
But, the sign bit is 1, Therefore the answer is : (-2)10. decimal number:
1. What does the symbol D represent in a hexadecimal 161 * 5 + 160 * 2 = 80 + 2 = 82
number system? Hence, the decimal equivalent is 82.
a) 8 Become Top Ranker in Computer Fundamentals Now!
b) 16 6. The hexadecimal equivalent of the binary number
c) 13 (0010010100)2 is :
d) 14 a) (094)16
b) (0A4)16
c) 224
Answer: c d) 0114
Explanation: The symbols A, B, C, D, E and F represent
10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 respectively in a hexadecimal
system. This system comprises of 15 numbers in total: Answer: a
digits from 0-9 and symbols from A to F. Explanation: To obtain the hexadecimal equivalent, we
2. ABC is a valid hexadecimal number. take numbers in groups of 4, from right to left as : 0000
a) True 1001 0100:
b) False Here, 0000 = 0; 1001 = 9 and 0100 = 4
Therefore, the answer will be (094)16
7. Hexadecimal Addition of (3A5)16 and (1B2)16 will
Answer: a give :
Explanation: In a hexadecimal number system, a) 557
alphabets are used for the representation of numbers b) 185
from 10 to 15. Here, A represents 10, B represents 11 c) 815
and C represents 12. Therefore, it is a valid hexadecimal d) 516
number.
3. The maximum number of bits sufficient to represent a
hexadecimal number in binary: Answer: a
a) 4 Explanation: Octal subtraction is done as follows:
b) 3 3A5
c) 7 + 1B2
d) 8 ________
557
In hexadecimal addition of alphabets, we add the
Answer: a corresponding numbers they represent and then
Explanation: The hexadecimal number system subtract the result from 16, then generate a carry of 1 to
comprises of only 15 symbols: 10 digits and 5 symbols. the next set of numbers.
Hence, four bits (24 = 16) are sufficient to represent any Here, 5+2=7
hexadecimal number in the binary format. A+B=10+11=21-16=5
Subscribe Now: Computer Fundamental Newsletter | 3+1+1(carry)=5.
Important Subjects Newsletters 8. The 2’s complement of 10.11 :
advertisement a) 10
4. The binary number 1110 in hexadecimal format is b) 0.010
_____________ c) 01.01
a) 6 d) 10.01
b) E
c) 14
d) 15 Answer: a
Explanation: The 1’s complement of a number is
obtained by reversing the bits with value 1 to 0 and the
Answer: b bits with value 0 to 1. Here, 10.11 gets converted to
Explanation: Certain binary to hexadecimal 01.00 in its 1’s complement format. Further, to convert
representations are : 1’s complement into 2’s, we add 1 to the result. Here,
1010=A 01.00+1=10.00.
1011=B 9. Convert (6532)8 to hexadecimal.
1100=C a) (A01)16
1101=D b) (A02)16
1110=E c) (D5A)16
1111=F. d) (C01)16
5. Convert (52)16 into its decimal equivalent.
a) 28
b) 83 Answer: c
c) 80 Explanation: To convert octal to hexadecimal, we first
d) 82 write binary format of the number and then make groups
of 4 bits from right to left, as follows:
 Questions
6 5 3 2 Explanation: Variables are the data entities whose
110 101 011 010 (octal -> binary) values can be changed. Constants have a fixed value.
1101 0101 1010 (groups of 4) Tokens are the words which are easily identified by the
D 5 A (hexadecimal equivalent) compiler.
Therefore, the hexadecimal equivalent is (D5A)16. 5. Which of the following is not a basic data type in C
language?
10. What do we call the point(decimal) in any a) float
hexadecimal number of the form 111.A3? b) int
a) radix c) real
b) hexadecimal point d) char
c) decimal
d) octal point
Answer: c
Explanation: There are 5 basic data types in C
Answer: b language: int, char, float, double, void.
Explanation: The decimal is often referred to as the Int is for the representation of integers, char is for strings
hexadecimal point in hexadecimal representation of and characters, float and double are for floating point
numbers. numbers whereas void is a valueless special data type.
It is referred to as the octal point in octal numbers. Participate in Computer Fundamentals Certification
1. Which of the following is not a data type? Contest of the Month Now!
a) Symbolic Data 6. BOOLEAN is a type of data type which basically gives
b) Alphanumeric Data a tautology or fallacy.
c) Numeric Data a) True
d) Alphabetic Data b) False

Answer: a Answer: a
Explanation: Data types are of three basic types: Explanation: A Boolean representation is for giving
Numeric, Alphabetic and Alphanumeric. Numeric Data logical values. It returns either true or false. If a result
consists of only numbers. gives a truth value, it is called tautology whereas if it
Alphabetic Data consists of only letters and a blank returns a false term, it is referred to as fallacy.
character and alphanumeric data consists of symbols. 7. What does FORTRAN stands for?
2. *@Ac# is a type of ________________ data. a) Formula Transfer
a) Symbolic b) Formula Transformation
b) Alphanumeric c) Formula Translation
c) Alphabetic d) Format Transformation
d) Numeric

Answer: c
Answer: b Explanation: FORTRAN is a type of computer language.
Explanation: Alphanumeric data consists of symbols. It was developed for solving mathematical and scientific
Alphanumeric data may be a letter, either in uppercase problems. It is very commonly used among the scientific
or lowercase or some special symbols like #,^,*,(, etc. community.
3. Which of the following is not a valid representation in 8. The program written by the programmer in high level
bits? language is called _____________
a) 8-bit a) Object Program
b) 24-bit b) Source Program
c) 32-bit c) Assembled Program
d) 64-bit d) Compiled Program

Answer: b Answer: b
Explanation: There are no criteria like the 24-bit Explanation: The program written by the programmer is
representation of numbers. Numbers can be written in 8- called a source program. The program generated by the
bit, 16-bit, 32-bit and 64-bit as per the IEEE format. compiler after compilation is called an object program.
Subscribe Now: Computer Fundamental Newsletter | The object program is in machine language.
Important Subjects Newsletters 9. A standardized language used for commercial
advertisement applications.
4. What are the entities whose values can be changed a) C
called? b) Java
a) Constants c) COBOL
b) Variables d) FORTRAN
c) Modules
d) Tokens
Answer: c
Explanation: COBOL is a language used in business
Answer: b and commercial applications. It stands for Common
 Questions
Business Oriented Language. It is imperative, 5. Perform BCD addition of (23)BCD + (20)BCD .
procedural as well as object oriented language. a) 00110100
10. ______________ define how the locations can be b) 01000011
used. c) 10011
a) Data types d) 11100
b) Attributes
c) Links
d) Data Objects Answer: b
Explanation: To add any two BCD numbers :
Simply perform the addition : 23+20=43.
Answer: b Then, write the equivalent BCD number = (0100
Explanation: Attributes can determine how any location 0011)BCD.
can be used. Attributes can be type, name, component, 6. The weights used in Binary coded decimal code are:
etc. Data objects are the variables and constants in a a) 4,2,1
program. b) 8,4,2,1
1. A group of bits used to represent a symbol is called a c) 6,4,2,1
____________ d) 2,1
a) byte
b) memory
c) nibble Answer: b
d) code Explanation: BCD is a weighted code and it uses the
weights 8,4,2,1 respectively. It is often called the 8421
code. Since, it uses 4 bits for the representation
Answer: a therefore the weights are assigned as : 23 = 8, 22 = 4,
Explanation: In binary coding, every symbol that appears 21 = 2, 20 = 1.
in data is represented by a group of bits, which are Take Computer Fundamentals Practice Tests -
called bytes. Computer codes use binary coding Chapterwise!
schemes. Start the Test Now: Chapter 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
2. BCD uses 6 bits to represent a symbol. 7. Write the decimal equivalent for (110001)BCD.
a) True a) 31
b) False b) 13
c) C1
d) 1C
Answer: b
Explanation: In Binary Coded Decimal every digit is
represented by using 4-bits. Answer: a
For example:- (42)10 is represented as 0100 0010 in Explanation: To obtain the decimal equivalent :
BCD format. We start from the rightmost bit and make groups of 4,
3. Which of the following is not a type of computer code? then write the decimal equivalent accordingly.
a) EBCDIC 0011 0001 = (31)10.
b) BCD 8. The 9’s complement of 45 is _____________
c) ASCII a) 45
d) EDIC b) 54
c) 64
d) 46
Answer: d
Explanation: There is no coding scheme like EDIC.
EBCDIC stands for Extended Binary Coded Decimal Answer: b
Interchange Code. BCD stands for Binary Coded Explanation: The 9’s complement of a number is
Decimal. ASCII stands for American Standard Code for obtained by subtracting each digit from 9. Here, 99-
information interchange. 45=54. Therefore, the 9’s complement is 54.
Note: Join free Sanfoundry classes at Telegram or 9. The 10’s complement of 455 is _________
Youtube a) 543
advertisement b) 544
4. The BCD representation of (34)10 is c) 545
_______________ d) 546
a) 6
b) 7
c) 8 Answer: c
d) 5 Explanation: To obtain the 10’s complement, we first
obtain the 9’s complement and then add 1 to it.
999-455=544 (9’s)
Answer: c 544+1=545(10’s).
Explanation: BCD numbers are represented as: 10. The Excess-3 representation of (0100)BCD is
34 = (0011 0100)BCD. __________
Each digit is individually taken and an equivalent a) 0110
standard 4 bit term is written for the respective digit. b) 1110
 Questions
c) 0111 5. In EBCDIC, D5 is used to represent ________
d) 1100 character.
a) J
b) N
Answer: c c) O
Explanation: The excess-3 code is obtained by adding 3 d) K
to the BCD code.
Here, 0100+0011=0111.
Also, 4+3=7. Answer: b
1. What does EBCDIC stand for? Explanation: D5 is used to represent N in this system.
a) Extended Binary Converted Decimal Intermediate The representations D1 to D9 are used for the
Code characters J to R respectively.
b) Extended Binary Coded Decimal Intermediate Code Check this: Computer Science MCQs | BCA MCQs
c) Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code 6. Which of the following is not a character of the digit
d) Extended Binary Converted Decimal Interchange 1110?
Code a) S
b) Z
c) O
Answer: c d) X
Explanation: EBCDIC is the Extended BCD interchange
code. It uses 8 bits to represent a symbol. It can
represent 256 different characters. Answer: c
2. In EBCDIC, a maximum of 128 different characters Explanation: All the alphabets from S to Z have their
can be represented. digit as 1110. Here, O has the digit 1101 and therefore is
a) True the incorrect option. Example: S has the digit as 1110
b) False and zone 0010.
7. What is the hexadecimal equivalent of the digit 9?
a) E9
Answer: b b) F9
Explanation: EBCDIC uses 8 bits for representation. c) G9
Therefore, 28 i.e., 256 different characters can be d) H9
represented and not 128. Thus, the above statement is
false.
3. The EBCDIC code for the character A is Answer: b
______________ Explanation: For digits in EBCDIC, the hex equivalent
a) digit : 1100 zone : 0001 starts from F0 to F9.
b) digit : 1111 zone : 0001 F0=0
c) digit : 1100 zone : 1010 F1=1
d) digit : 1111 zone : 1010 F2=2
F3=3 and so on.
8. The characters from 0 to 9 have their common digit as
Answer: a ___________
Explanation: The character A is represented by the digit a) 1111
1100 and the zone 0001. The hex representation for the b) 0000
same is C1. Similarly for B it is C2 and so on. c) 0001
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4. The hex representation for F is _______________ Answer: a
a) C6 Explanation: The digits are 1111 in case of numbers.
b) C5 Here, 0.101 gets converted to 1.010 in its 1’s
c) D6 complement format.
d) D1 9. The EBCDIC is mainly used in ___________
a) Programming
b) Machine Codes
Answer: a c) Mainframes
Explanation: Certain hex representations are : d) Super Computers
C1=A
C2=B
C3=D Answer: c
C4=E Explanation: This concept of EBCDIC was invented by
C5=F IBM. It is mainly used in the IBM mainframe
C6=G environment. So basically, mainframes use EBCDIC
C7=H codes.
C8=I 10. Which of the following character is available in
C9=J. EBCDIC but not in ASCII?
a) cent sign
 Questions
b) dollar sign a) True
c) comma b) False
d) punctuation

Answer: a
Answer: a Explanation: There are two types of ASCII codes: ASCII-
Explanation: The cent sign wasn’t available in ASCII 7 and ASCII-8. ASCII-7 uses 7 bits to represent a
which is the American Standard Code for Information number whereas ASCII-8 uses 8-bits to represent a
interchange. It was available in EBCDIC though and number.
thus was considered better. Participate in Computer Fundamentals Certification
1. What does ASCII stand for? Contest of the Month Now!
a) American Standard Code for Information Interchange 6. The number of characters that can be represented in
b) American Scientific Code for Information Interchange ASCII-8 are ______________
c) American Scientific Code for Interchanging a) 128
Information b) 256
d) American Standard Code for Interchanging c) 32
Information d) 64

Answer: a Answer: b
Explanation: The ASCII codes are used to represent the Explanation: ASCII-8 can represent 256 different
bits into symbols and vice versa. ASCII is the American characters. ASCII-8 uses 8-bits for the representation of
Standard Code which is used to exchange information. numbers i.e. it can represent 28 = 256 different
2. The decimal representation for the character ‘!’ in characters.
ASCII is ____________ 7. The zone of alphabetic characters from A to O in
a) 31 ASCII is _____________
b) 32 a) 1000
c) 33 b) 0100
d) 34 c) 0010
d) 0001

Answer: c
Explanation: The decimal representation of a few basic Answer: b
characters are: Explanation: The zone used by ASCII for alphabets is
33 : ! 0100. For e.g. A is represented as
34 : ” 0100(zone)0001(digit). The hex equivalent is 41 for A.
35: # The zone used by numbers is 0011.
36 :$. 8. The representation of the number 8 in binary in ASCII-
3. The two types of ASCII are _____________ and 8 format _________
____________ a) 00111000
a) ASCII-4 and ASCII-8 b) 01001000
b) ASCII-8 and ASCII-16 c) 1000
c) ASCII-7 and ASCII-8 d) 00011000
d) ASCII-4 and ASCII-16

Answer: a
Answer: c Explanation: The ASCII-8 format will have 8 bits. The
Explanation: The two types of ASCII are ASCII-7 and zone for the character 8 is 0011 and the digit is 1000.
ASCII-8. ASCII-7 uses 7 bits for the representation of Therefore, its representation is 00111000.
numbers and ASCII-8 uses 8-bits. 9. Binary Coding for the letter X is ______________
Subscribe Now: Computer Fundamental Newsletter | a) 01011000
Important Subjects Newsletters b) 00111000
advertisement c) 10001000
4. Any set of digits or alphabets are generally referred as d) 00010100
______________
a) Characters
b) Symbols Answer: a
c) Bits Explanation: The binary coding for the letter X is
d) Bytes 01011000. Here, 0101 is the zone whereas 1000 is the
digit. The alphabets from P to Z have the zone 0101.
10. Express the ASCII equivalent of the signed binary
Answer: a number (00110010)2.
Explanation: We refer to the digits and alphabets a) 2
generally as characters. A character is generally a unit b) 1
of information in computers. c) A
5. The first 128 characters are the same in both the d) ,
types of ASCII i.e. ASCII-7 and ASCII-8.
 Questions
Answer: a
Explanation: The ASCII characters for the remaining Answer: a
options are: Explanation: F is used for the representation of unsigned
1 : 00110001 numbers therefore, F3F4F5 represents 345. F3F4C5
A : 01000001 represents +345 . F3F4D5 represents -345.
, : 00101100. Check this: Computer Fundamental Books | Information
1. The numbers used to represent numeric values in Technology MCQs
EBCDIC are _______ 6. Which of the following is a valid encoding format?
a) zoned a) UTF-1
b) unsigned b) UTF-8
c) packed c) UTF-A
d) eb d) UTF-4

Answer: a Answer: b
Explanation: Zoned numbers represent the numeric Explanation: The various encoding formats are UTF-8,
values under EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal UTF-16 and UTF-32. UTF stands for Unicode
Interchange Code). In zoned format, there is only one Transformation Format. It is basically an encoding
digit per byte. system that supports all languages.
2. Unicode provides a consistent way of encoding 7. _________________ defines the assigned ordering
multilingual plain text. among the characters used by the computer.
a) True a) Unicode
b) False b) Collating Sequence
c) Accumulation
d) Sorting
Answer: a
Explanation: Unicode defines codes for characters used
in all major languages of the world. Answer: b
It is a coding system which supports almost all the Explanation: Collating sequence is the term used for
languages. It defines special codes for different ordering among characters. It may vary depending upon
characters, symbols, diacritics, etc. the type of code used by a computer.
3. Which of the following is not a type of numeric value 8. The sorting sequence of the strings A1,23,1A will be
in zoned format? ______________
a) Positive a) 23 > A1 > 1A
b) Negative b) 23 < 1A > A1
c) Double c) A1 > 1A > 23
d) Unsigned d) A1 < 1A < 23

Answer: c Answer: d
Explanation: The zoned format can represent numeric Explanation: The sorting order is A1, 1A, 23. Numeric
values of type Positive, negative and unsigned numbers. characters are given a greater preference in EBCDIC as
A sign indicator is used in the zone position of the compared to the alphabets.
rightmost digit. 9. The default character coding in HTML-5 is
Sanfoundry Certification Contest of the Month is Live. _____________
100+ Subjects. Participate Now! a) UTF-8
advertisement b) UTF-16
4. The sign indicator of unsigned numbers is c) UTF-4
____________ d) UTF-32
a) C
b) D
c) F Answer: a
d) X Explanation: HTML5 which is the hypertext markup
language generally uses the UTF-8 format as its default
encoding. Unicode covers all the characters and
Answer: c symbols in all the different languages.
Explanation: A sign indicator is used in the zone position 10. Numbers used in packed decimal format can be
of the rightmost digit. A sign indicator C is used for used for _____________ operations.
positive, D for negative and F is used for negative a) logical
numbers. b) relational
5. The EBCDIC value of the number 345 in zoned format c) arithmetic
is __________ d) bitwise
a) F3F4F5
b) E3E4E5
c) F3F4C5 Answer: c
d) F3F4D5
 Questions
Explanation: The packed numbers can be used for 6. If you are given a word of size n bits, the range of 2’s
arithmetic operations. The packed numbers also require complement of binary numbers is ________
the lesser number of bytes as compared to zoned a) -2n+1 to +2n+1
numbers. b) -2n-1 to +2n-1
1. __________________ is a straightforward method of c) -2n-1 to +2n+1
representing positive and negative numbers. d) -2n-1 to +2n-1-1
a) Radix
b) Complement
c) Sign Magnitude Answer: d
d) Encode Explanation: 2’s complement is obtained by adding 1 to
the 1’s complement. For e.g. 5 :0101 and 1’s
complement=1010 and 2’s complement=1011.
Answer: c Take Computer Fundamentals Tests Now!
Explanation: Sign Magnitude is used for the 7. In both signed magnitude and 2’s complement ,
representation of positive and negative numbers. If the positive and negative numbers are separated using
leftmost digit is 0, the number is positive. If the leftmost ______________
digit is 1, the number is negative. a) LSB
2. The additive inverse of a number is the number which b) MSB
when added to the original number gives 1 as a result. c) 0
a) True d) 1
b) False

Answer: b
Answer: b Explanation: The positive and negative numbers are
Explanation: Additive Inverse of a number is the number separated using the MSB. MSB is the Most Significant
which gives 0 and not 1 when added to the original Bit. MSB is the leftmost bit. e.g. If 1000 is the number
number. e.g. number=45, additive inverse =-45, after then 1 is the most significant bit.
addition they give 0. 8. Single Precision format comprises of _________ bits.
3. The 1’s complement of 1 in 4 bits is __________ a) 4
a) 0001 b) 8
b) 0 c) 16
c) 1001 d) 32
d) 1110

Answer: d
Answer: d Explanation: The single precision format comprises of
Explanation: 1’s complement is obtained by reversing 32-bits. It has 1 sign bit, 8 bits for exponent and 23 for
the bits from 0 to 1 and vice-versa. Binary of 1 is : 0001 the mantissa.
and 1’s complement is : 1110. 9. If m is the 2’s complement and n is the binary number,
Note: Join free Sanfoundry classes at Telegram or then ______________
Youtube a) m=n’
advertisement b) m=n’+1
4. The binary number 111 in its 2’s complement form is c) m=n’-1
____________ d) m=n
a) 010
b) 001
c) 000 Answer: b
d) 111 Explanation: 2’s complement is simply obtained by
addition of 1. So if n is the number and we take the 2’s
complement, add 1 to it, we get the 2’s complement.
Answer: b Therefore, m=n’+1.
Explanation: 2’s complement is obtained by adding 1 to 10. The possible number of bit patterns with 8 bits
the 1’s complement. 1’s complement of 111: 000 and 2’s ________________
complement:001. a) 128
5. The sign magnitude representation of -9 is b) 8
___________ c) 24
a) 00001001 d) 256
b) 11111001
c) 10001001
d) 11001 Answer: d
Explanation: The total number of patterns that can be
formed using n-bits are 2n. Here, possible patterns are:
Answer: c 28=256.
Explanation: In case of a negative number, the leftmost 1. Which of the following is used for binary
digit is 1 if the number is negative. Therefore, multiplication?
+9=00001001 and -9=10001001. Similarly for all other a) Restoring Multiplication
negative numbers. b) Booth’s Algorithm
 Questions
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d) Digit-by-digit multiplication Contest of the Month Now!
6. If Booth’s Multiplication is performed on the numbers
22*3, then what is 3 referred to as __________
Answer: b a) accumulator
Explanation: The Booth’s Algorithm is used for the b) multiplicand
multiplication of binary numbers. It is basically used for c) quotient
the multiplication of 2 signed numbers. This is a very d) multiplier
important algorithm in binary arithmetic.
2. One extra bit is added on the left of a binary number,
in case of Binary Multiplication using Booth’s Algorithm. Answer: d
a) True Explanation: It is referred to as the multiplier. Multiplier is
b) False denoted by Q in booth’s algorithm. 22 is called the
multiplicand. These numbers are first converted to their
binary equivalents and further the multiplication is
Answer: a performed.
Explanation: The statement is true as an extra bit is 7. What is the default value of accumulator in booth’s
added when we multiply 2 binary numbers by using multiplication of two 4-bit binary numbers?
Booth’s. a) 0
Let us take an example if we multiply 2 * – 3. b) 1
The first step is to obtain the binary equivalents. c) 0000
Hence, 2=10 and -3=01. d) 00000
Now after adding the extra bit 2=010 and -3=101.
We add 0 in case of positive numbers whereas 1 in
negative numbers. Answer: d
3. The binary number obtained after applying RSC on Explanation: The correct answer is d because in case of
11010 will be ___________ Booth’s algorithm an extra bit is always added to the
a) 11101 binary numbers. The 4-bit binary numbers become 5-bit
b) 10100 numbers after adding the extra bit. Accumulator is
c) 01101 always assigned 0 bits of the order of the binary
d) 01000 numbers whose multiplication is to be performed.
8. What is the value of n in multiplication of 110* 1000?
a) 2
Answer: c b) 3
Explanation: RSC stands for Right-Shift Circulant. So, c) 4
whenever the numbers are shifted to the right an extra 0 d) 0
bit is added to the left. Here, after the right shift of
11010, the number obtained will be 01101.
Subscribe Now: Computer Fundamental Newsletter | Answer: c
Important Subjects Newsletters Explanation: In Booth’s, n denotes the number of bits
advertisement that the higher binary number has when multiplication is
4. The result of >> of 11001 by 3-bits will be performed. Here, since there are 4 bits in 1000, the
______________ answer is n=4.
a) 01000 9. What will be the value obtained after multiplication of
b) 01111 (-2) * (-3) using Booth’s Algorithm?
c) 00011 a) 6
d) 11111 b) -6
c) -2
d) -3
Answer: a
Explanation: >> is the bitwise left shift operator in binary
arithmetic. Answer: a
Applying >>(left-shift) by 3-bits on the number 11001 will Explanation: After applying the procedure of Booth’s
result in 3 zeroes on the right, i.e., 01000. Algorithm, the value obtained will be 6. Even though the
5. Booth’s Algorithm is applied on _____________ result is obtained in its 2’s complement for but then it is
a) decimal numbers reconverted to its normalized form. Also, the value
b) binary numbers obtained after decimal multiplication is the same as the
c) hexadecimal numbers value obtained after binary multiplication.
d) octal Numbers 10. What does the data transfer instruction STA stand
for?
a) Store Accumulator
Answer: b b) Send Accumulator
Explanation: Booth’s Algorithm is applied only on signed c) Send Action
and unsigned binary numbers. d) Store Action
Although, the values of other number systems can be
converted to binary, and then the multiplication could be
performed. Answer: a
 Questions
Explanation: STA is a data transfer instruction given Start the Test Now: Chapter 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
whenever a value is to be copied on the accumulator. It 6. The subtraction using 1’s complement of 110 – 100
is used for the fetch operation. will give the result ___________
1. What is the 1’s complement of 11010? a) -011
a) 11010 b) 011
b) 11011 c) 010
c) 00110 d) -010
d) 00101

Answer: c
Answer: d Explanation: To subtract using 1’s complement: Take
Explanation: The 1’s complement of a number is the 1’s complement of the 2nd number (here, 011) and
obtained by converting all the 0 bits to 1 and all 1’s to add it to the first number. (110+011=1,001).
0’s. Here, 11010 gets converted to 00101. If the carry is generated, it is added to the result
2. 2’s complement is obtained by adding 1 to 1’s (001+1=010).
complement of a number. If a carry is not generated then it is converted to its 1’s
a) True complement form.
b) False 7. The result obtained on subtraction using 2’s
complement of 1111-0010 will be _________
a) 11101
Answer: a b) 11011
Explanation: The statement is true. Let us take an c) 1101
example: Consider the number 110000. d) 1011
1’s complement of the number is 001111. 2’s
complement=001111+1=010000.
3. The 10’s complement of 562 is __________ Answer: c
a) 436 Explanation: Firstly, the 2’s complement of the 2nd
b) 437 number is obtained.
c) 512 Then, if carry is generated, it is discarded and the
d) 448 number is positive.
Otherwise, 2’s complement of the result is obtained and
the answer is negative.
Answer: b Here, 1111+1110=1, 1101. Since carry is generated, it is
Explanation: 10’s complement is obtained by adding 1 to discarded and the answer is positive.
the 9’s complement of a number. 8. The 1’s complement of 1111111110.101 is
Here, 9’s complement=999-562=436. _______________
Therefore, 10’s complement=436+1=437. a) 1.010
Note: Join free Sanfoundry classes at Telegram or b) 0000000000.010
Youtube c) 1111111110.101
advertisement d) 1.101
4. The 9’s complement of 6578 is ___________
a) 1234
b) 3421 Answer: a
c) 3124 Explanation: The 1’s complement of a number is
d) 3420 obtained by reversing the bits with value 1 to 0 and the
bits with value 0 to 1. Here, 11111111110.101 gets
converted to 000000001.010 in its 1’s complement
Answer: b format.
Explanation: 9’s complement is obtained by subtracting 9. 7’s complement of 432 is _________________
9 from each bit of the number. a) 432
Here, 9999-6578=3421. b) 543
Therefore, the 9’s complement is 3421. c) 345
5. >> operator is used to denote _________ d) 777
a) left shift
b) right shift
c) greater than Answer: c
d) less than Explanation: To find the 7’s complement of any number,
we simply subtract 7 from each of the bits.
Here, 777-432=345. So, the 7’s complement is 345.
Answer: b 10. The 16’s complement of 74E will be __________
Explanation: >> operator denotes the right shift in binary a) 8B2
arithmetic. b) F8B2
E.g. If we say, >>110 by 2-bits, the value obtained will c) 2B8
be 001. d) 8C2
Similarly, << denotes the left shift operator.
Take Computer Fundamentals Mock Tests -
Chapterwise! Answer: a
 Questions
Explanation: The 16’s complement is obtained by finding c) IEEE 754
15’s complement of the number (i.e. subtracting each bit d) IEEE 610
of the number by 15) and then adding 1 to it.
Here, 15’s complement of 74E is 8B1.
Therefore, it’s 16’s complement will be: Answer: c
8B1 + 001 = 8B2. Explanation: Most computers follow the IEEE 754 bit
This set of Computer Fundamentals Multiple Choice format for floating point arithmetic. IEEE stands for
Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “IEEE 32 and electrical and electronic engineers. It has all the floating
64 bit”. point arithmetic specifications.
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1. Binary addition of 1 + 1 gives the result Fundamental Books
_____________ 6. Which of the following is often called the double
a) 0 precision format?
b) 1 a) 64-bit
c) 2 b) 8-bit
d) 10 c) 32-bit
d) 128-bit

Answer: a
Explanation: The result obtained is 0 with a carry of 1. Answer: a
This carry obtained is added to the next higher column. Explanation: The 64-bit format is referred to as the
Binary system can have only two numbers 0 and 1. double precision format. It has 1 sign bit, 8 exponent bits
2. 4-bit is a valid IEEE- format. and 23 bits for the mantissa.
a) True 7. What is NaN in IEEE standards?
b) False a) Not arithmetic
b) Not a negation
c) Not a number
Answer: b d) Not a Node
Explanation: The two main IEEE formats are 16-bit and
32-bit. No format of 4-bit exists. Further, 8-bit format also
exists. Answer: c
In IEEE format, there are certain bits allotted to sign, Explanation: It stands for not a number in IEEE
exponent and mantissa. standards. A NaN is obtained whenever a result id
3. The result of 0 – 1 in binary is ______________ indeterminate like whenever anything is divided by 0.
a) 0 8. The result that is smaller than the smallest number
b) 1 obtained is referred to as ___________
c) 11 a) NaN
d) 10 b) Underflow
c) Smallest
d) Mantissa
Answer: b
Explanation: The binary subtraction 0 – 1 gives the
result 1. A borrow of 1 is although generated and is Answer: b
removed from the next higher column. Explanation: It is referred to as underflow. Nan stands
Sanfoundry Certification Contest of the Month is Live. for not a number. The mantissa is the part after the
100+ Subjects. Participate Now! decimal.
advertisement 9. The number of sign bits in a 32-bit IEEE format
4. The complement of any number can be given by a _________
general term _______________ a) 1
a) Bn – 1 – N b) 11
b) Bn -1 + N c) 9
c) Bn +1 – N d) 23
d) Bn +1 + N

Answer: a
Answer: a Explanation: There is only 1 sign bit in all the standards.
Explanation: Complement of a number can be given by In a 32-bit format, there is 1 sign bit, 8 bits for the
the term : exponent and 23 bits for the mantissa.
C= Bn – 1 – N. 10. Express the decimal format of the signed binary
Here, number (101010)2 .
B= base a) 10
n= number of digits b) 12
N= the number. c) -12
5. The IEEE standard followed by almost all the d) -10
computers for floating point arithmetic _____
a) IEEE 260
b) IEEE 488 Answer: d
 Questions
Explanation: The first bit is the sign bit whereas the rest
of the bits are magnitude bits. So the number is: 01010
=23 * 1 + 21 * 1 =8+2 =10.
But, the sign bit is 1 ,
Therefore the answer is : (-2)10.
9. Who proposed the use of Boolean algebra in the
design of relay switching circuits?
a) George Boole
b) Claude E. Shannon
c) Claude E. Boole
d) George Shannon
Answer: b
Explanation: Claude E Shannon suggested the use of
Boolean in relay switching circuits. George Boole, a
mathematician introduced it for simplifying
representations and manipulation of propositional logic.
10. Truth table is used to represent Boolean
__________
a) functions
b) algebra
c) operators
d) addition
Answer: a
Explanation: The Boolean functions are represented
using the truth tables. Truth tables represent the
tautology and fallacy for terms.
1. Which unit is responsible for converting the data
received from the user into a computer understandable
format?
a) Memory Unit
b) Arithmetic & Logic Unit
c) Input Unit
d) Output Unit
Answer: c
Explanation: The Input Unit converts the data, which the
user enters into a language which the computer
understands, i.e. it converts the data into binary format.
The Output Unit is responsible for giving the results in
user-understandable format. The Storage Unit is
responsible for storing the data after immediate results
of processing whereas; the ALU is responsible for
various arithmetic and bitwise operations.
2. The only language which the computer understands is
______________
a) Assembly Language
b) Binary Language
c) BASIC
d) C Language
Answer: b
Explanation: The Computer understands only binary
language which is written in the form of 0s & 1s. A
computer can understand assembly language but an
assembler is required which converts the assembly
language to binary language. Similarly, for
understanding high level languages,
compilers/interpreters are required.
3. The smallest unit of data in computer is
________________
a) Byte
b) Nibble
c) Bit
d) KB
Answer: c
Explanation: A bit is defined as the smallest unit of data
in a computer system. It is used as a short form of
Binary Digit. A bit can have only two values 0 or 1. A
nibble comprises of 4 bits, a byte is a collection of 8 bits
whereas KB (Kilobyte) is equal to 1024 bytes.
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4. One nibble is equivalent to how many bits?
a) 2
b) 4
c) 8
d) 1
Answer: b
Explanation: A nibble is defined as a unit of data which
comprises of 4 binary digits or half of 8-bit byte.
Therefore, 1 nibble = 4 bits. A bit is the smallest unit of
data in a computer system. A byte = 8 bits, therefore,
half of a byte=4 bits=a nibble.
5. Which of the following describes the correct format of
an input instruction?
a) IN 82
b) INPUT 82
c) INP 82
d) 82 INP
Answer: a
Explanation: The input/output instructions are used to
transfer information between external peripherals and
the CPU. The correct format of an input instruction is: IN
8-bit port address.
Here, IN 82 is the correct option, where 82 is the
designated port address. All the other options are
invalid.
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6. The input machine which originated in the United
States around 1880s is a ___________
a) Mouse
b) Joystick
c) Keyboard
d) Bar Code Reader
Answer: c
Explanation: A keyboard is an input device which
originated in the 1880s and is used to give instructions
to the computer in the form of letters and numbers.
Mouse is used for the selection of various objects on the
screen, joystick is mainly used for gaming purpose and
bar code readers are used for reading the bar-codes.
7. What does the COMPUTER stand for?
a) Commonly Operated Machines Used in Technical and
Educational Research
b) Commonly Occupied Machines Used in Technical
and Educational Research
 Questions
c) Commonly Operated Machines Used in Technical and
Environmental Research
d) Commonly Oriented Machines Used in Technical and
Educational Research
Answer: a
Explanation: The word COMPUTER is an abbreviation
for the terms “Commonly Operated Machines Used in
Technical and Educational Research”. The word
COMPUTER also relates to the word COMPUTE which
means to calculate. So, initially it was thought that a
computer is a device which is used to perform
calculations.
8. 1 yottabyte = ______________
a) 1024 TB
b) 1024 EB
c) 1024 ZB
d) 1024 PB
Answer: c
Explanation: 1 yottabyte is equal to 1024 ZB, which
stands for zettabyte. Further, 1 ZB=1024 EB (exabyte)
and and 1 EB=1024PB (petabyte).
9. Which of the following is not a function of the Input
Unit?
a) It reads instructions and data from the outside world
b) It converts the data into computer acceptable format
c) It makes the data into user understandable format
d) It supplies the data and instructions to the computer
for further processing
Answer: c
Explanation: The input unit converts the data into
computer understandable format i.e. binary format and
not the user understandable format. It is the duty of the
output unit to make the data into user understandable
format.
10. Label the parts 1 and 2:
computer-fundamentals-questions-answers-input-unit-
q10
a) 1.ALU 2. MU
b) 1.Output unit 2.Input Unit
c) 1.MU 2. ALU
d) 1.Input Unit 2.Output Unit
Answer: d
Explanation: The above diagram is a simple explanation
which describes how the instruction is given to the CPU,
how it is processed, and then how the result is obtained.
So here, the input unit is used to give instructions to the
central processing unit and the output unit is responsible
for giving the result to the user. 1. The process of
producing useful information for the user is called
___________
a) Controlling
b) Outputting
c) Inputting
d) Processing
Answer: b
Explanation: The Output Unit is responsible for giving
the results to the user in the form of a printed report or
visual display. The process is referred to as outputting.
Controlling is nothing but the manner and sequence in
which the instructions are being operated. Inputting
means giving instructions to the system whereas,
processing means performing certain operations and
calculations.
2. The output unit converts the data entered by the user
into computer understandable form.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The Output unit is responsible for
converting the computer obtained data into user
understandable format. The Input Unit is responsible for
converting the data in computer understandable format.
3. VDU stands for __________
a) Virtual Display Unit
b) Visual Display Unit
c) Virtual Detection Unit
d) Visual Detection Unit
Answer: b
Explanation: A Visual Display unit is also referred to as
the monitor who basically is used to give the results or
outputs to the user. It comprises of a cathode ray tube
internally.
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4. What does SVGA stand for?
a) Standard Visual Graphics Array
b) Super Visual Graphics Array
c) Standard Video Graphics Array
d) Super Video Graphics Array
Answer: d
Explanation: Super Video Graphics Array is a type of
Visual Display Unit.It supports 1024 by 768 pixels with
16 million different operations.
5. The devices that used to give single or multiple
colored images and drawings are ____________
a) Monitors
b) Printers
c) Plotters
d) VDUs
Answer: c
Explanation: Plotters are the devices which are used to
give colored images. They use ink pens or ink jets for
drawing. Pens of different colors and shades are used
for shading and styling.
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6. A special request originated from some device to the
CPU to acquire some of its time is called ___________
a) Disturbance
b) Attenuation
c) Interrupt
d) Noise
Answer: c
 Questions
Explanation: An interrupt is a kind of request which takes Explanation: The Registers are the fast storage units.
control of the system bus for some time, then performs They are responsible for storing intermediate
all the operations and gives back control to the CPU. It is computational results in the CPU. The registers can be
usually identified by some number and is handled by the user accessible or inaccessible.
interrupt controller. 2. Saving data and instructions to make them readily
7. Line Printers that print one line at a time are available is the job of __________
_________ a) Storage Unit
a) Laser Printers b) Cache Unit
b) Inkjet Printers c) Input Unit
c) Drum Printers d) Output Unit
d) Chain Printers

Answer: a
Answer: c Explanation: The storage unit is responsible for storing
Explanation: The drum printers have a solid cylindrical the data. It makes the instructions readily available for
drum with characters embossed on its surface in the additional or initial processing whenever required. The
form of circular bands. It can only print a predefined set cache is a software component that stores data to serve
of characters. the data requests in future. It can contain the result of
8. A ___________________ monitor looks like a some earlier computations.
television and are normally used with non-portable 3. The two basic types of memory in a computer are
computer systems. ________
a) CRT computer-fundamentals-questions-answers-arithmetic-
b) LCD logic-unit-q3
c) LED a) Primary and major
d) Flat Panel Monitors b) Primary and Secondary
c) Minor and Major
d) Main and virtual
Answer: a
Explanation: A CRT (or the Cathode Ray Tube) Monitor
looks like a television ideally. The flat panel monitors are Answer: b
thinner and lighter in comparison. Explanation: There are two types of memories in a
9. Which of the following is not a function of the Output computer system: The Primary Memory and the
Unit? Secondary Memory.
a) It produces results that can be easily understood by The primary memory can be directly accessed by the
the user CPU whereas the secondary memory cannot be directly
b) It accepts the results produced by the computer accessed.
c) It supplies the data and instructions to the outside Sanfoundry Certification Contest of the Month is Live.
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d) It supplies the data and instructions to the computer advertisement
for further processing 4. Which of the following is used to hold running
program instructions?
a) Primary Storage
Answer: d b) Virtual Storage
Explanation: The output unit is responsible for giving the c) Internal Storage
results to the user in the form of a printed report or visual d) Minor Devices
display. It is not responsible for giving the instructions
back to the CPU for processing.
10. PCI stands for _________ Answer: a
a) Peripheral Component Interconnect Explanation: The primary storage is responsible for
b) Partial Component Interconnect holding the data, intermediate results and the results of
c) Peripheral Component Interaction ongoing processes or jobs. Virtual storage is the main
d) Partial Component Interaction memory storage required for saving a large amount of
data for future reference. The other options are invalid.
5. Which of the following is non-volatile storage?
Answer: a a) Backup
Explanation: PCI is a high-bandwidth bus that can b) Secondary
function as a peripheral bus. Compared with others, it c) Primary
delivers better system performance. 1. Components that d) Cache
provide internal storage to the CPU are ______
a) Registers
b) Program Counters Answer: b
c) Controllers Explanation: The secondary storage is the non-volatile
d) Internal chips storage unit because the data is not lost when the power
supply is dissipated. Primary memory is the volatile
memory.
Answer: a Check this: Computer Fundamental Books | Information
Technology MCQs
 Questions
6. Which of the following is used in main memory? Explanation: The first practical form of RAM was
a) SRAM William’s Tube made in 1947. It stored data as
b) DRAM electrically charged spots on the face of a Cathode Ray
c) PRAM Tube.
d) DDR 1. The ‘heart’ of the processor which performs many
different operations _____________
a) Arithmetic and logic unit
Answer: b b) Motherboard
Explanation: DRAM stands for dynamic random access c) Control Unit
memory. It is denser than SDRAM (Static) and therefore d) Memory
it is used in the main memory. They are in the form of
semiconductor RAMs.
7. Which of the following are types of ROMs? Answer: a
a) SROM & DROM Explanation: The Arithmetic and logic unit performs all
b) PROM & EPROM the basic operations of the computer system. It performs
c) Only one type there is no further classification all the arithmetic(+,-,*,/,etc) as well as the logical
d) PROM & EROM operations( AND, OR, NOT, etc.).
2. ALU is the place where the actual executions of
instructions take place during the processing operation.
Answer: b a) True
Explanation: There are four types of Read Only b) False
Memories: MROM, PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM.
MROM stands for Mask ROM
PROM stands for Programmable ROM Answer: a
EPROM stands for Erasable Programmable ROM Explanation: ALU is a combinational electronic circuit
EEPROM stands for Electrically Erasable Programmable which basically performs all the logical or the bitwise
ROM operations and the arithmetic operations. Therefore, it is
When only a small number of ROMs with a particular the place where the actual executions of instructions
memory content is needed, PROM is used and in case take place.
of EPROM, all the contents of the storage cells must be 3. Which of the following is not a bitwise operator?
erased before the write operation. a) |
b) ^
8. RAID stands for __________ c) .
a) Redundant array of independent disks d) <<
b) Redundant array of individual disks
c) Reusable Array of independent disks
d) Reusable array of individual disks Answer: c
Explanation: All except the dot(.) operator are bitwise
operators.
Answer: a | : Bitwise OR
Explanation: RAID is a multiple-disk database design ^ : Bitwise XOR
which is viewed as a single logical disk by the operating << : Shift Left
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9. A non-erasable disk that stores digitized audio 4. The sign magnitude representation of -1 is
information is _____ __________
a) CD a) 0001
b) CD-ROM b) 1110
c) DVD-R c) 1000
d) DVD-RW d) 1001

Answer: a Answer: d
Explanation: A compact disk stores digitized audio Explanation: The first leftmost bit i.e. the most significant
information. The standard system uses 12 cm disks and bit in the sign magnitude represents if the number is
can record more than 60 minutes of uninterrupted positive or negative. If the MSB is 1, the number is
playing game. negative else if it is 0, the number is positive. Here,
10. The first practical form of Random Access Memory +1=0001 and for -1=1001.
was the __________ 5. IEEE stands for ___________
a) SSEM a) Instantaneous Electrical Engineering
b) Cathode Ray Tube b) Institute of Emerging Electrical Engineers
c) William’s Tube c) Institute of Emerging Electronic Engineers
d) Thomas’s Tube d) Institute of Electrical and electronics engineers

Answer: c Answer: d
 Questions
Explanation: The IEEE is an organization of So, for 0 = 00000000(in 8-bits) ::: 11111111(1s
professionals in the field of electronics and electrical complement). The bitwise complement is often referred
engineering. IEEE has given certain standards of its own to as the 1s complement. 1. ____________ is the raw
which are followed in the field of computer science and material used as input and __________ is the processed
electrical engineering. data obtained as output of data processing.
Check this: BCA MCQs | BCA Books a) Data, Instructions
6. The ALU gives the output of the operations and the b) Instructions, Program
output is stored in the ________ c) Data, Program
a) Memory Devices d) Program, Code
b) Registers
c) Flags
d) Output Unit Answer: a
Explanation: Data can be assumed as a raw material
which, in turns after processing gives the desired output
Answer: b in the form of instructions. Further, a set of ordered and
Explanation: Any output generated by the ALU gets meaningful instructions is known as a program.
stored in the registers. The registers are the temporary 2. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a
memory locations within the processor that are computer?
connected by signal paths to the CPU. a) Diligence
7. The process of division on memory spaces is called b) I.Q.
______________ c) Accuracy
a) Paging d) Versatility
b) Segmentation
c) Bifurcation
d) Dynamic Division Answer: b
Explanation: The Computer system has no I.Q. of its
own. It does only what it is programmed to do. It cannot
Answer: b take decisions of its own.
Explanation: The memory space is divided into A computer is diligent because it can work continuously
segments of dynamic size. The programmer is aware of for hours without getting any errors or without getting
the segmentation and can reallocate the segments grumbled.
accordingly. The accuracy of a computer is consistently high and its
8. Number of bits in ALU is _________ level of accuracy depends on its design. A computer can
a) 4 perform any task if, it can be broken down into a series
b) 8 of logical steps. Therefore, a computer is versatile.
c) 16 3. Fill in the blank in the diagram.
d) 2 computer-fundamentals-questions-answers-control-unit-
q3
a) Input Unit
Answer: c b) Memory Unit
Explanation: Arithmetic and Logic Unit consists of 16bits. c) Control Unit
They perform certain Arithmetic and bitwise operations d) I/O Unit
(add, subtract, AND, OR, XOR, Increment, decrement,
shift).
9. Which flag indicates the number of 1 bit that results Answer: c
from an operation? Explanation: The control unit manages and coordinates
a) Zero the operations of a computer system. The ALU is
b) Parity responsible for performing all the arithmetic and bitwise
c) Auxiliary operations . Therefore, both these units combine to form
d) Carry the brain of the computer ,which is the central
processing unit.
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Answer: b Important Subjects Newsletters
Explanation: The parity flag indicates the number of 1 bit advertisement
in any operation. The resultant bit is called the parity bit. 4. The part of a processor which contains hardware
The main aim of the parity bit is to check for errors. necessary to perform all the operations required by a
10. The bitwise complement of 0 is ___________ computer:
a) 00000001 a) Data path
b) 10000000 b) Controller
c) 11111111 c) Registers
d) 11111110 d) Cache

Answer: c Answer: a
Explanation: Bitwise complement is basically used to Explanation: A processor is a part of the computer which
convert all the 0 digits to 1 and the 1s to 0s. does all the data manipulation and decision making. A
processor comprises of:
 Questions
A data path which contains the hardware necessary to
perform all the operations. A controller tells the data path
what needs to be done.
The registers act as intermediate storage for the data.
5. What does MAR stand for?
a) Main Address Register
b) Memory Access Register
c) Main Accessible Register
d) Memory Address Register
Answer: d
Explanation: MAR is a type of register which is
responsible for the fetch operation. MAR is connected to
the address bus and it specifies the address for the read
and write operations.
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6. If the control signals are generated by combinational
logic, then they are generated by a type of
_______________ controlled unit.
a) Micro programmed
b) Software
c) Logic
d) Hardwired
Answer: d
Explanation: The main task of a control unit is to
generate control signals. There are two main types of
control units:
A hardwired control unit generates control signals by
using combinational logic circuits and the Micro
programmed control unit generates control signals by
using some softwares.
7. Which is the simplest method of implementing
hardwired control unit?
a) State Table Method
b) Delay Element Method
c) Sequence Counter Method
d) Using Circuits
Answer: a
Explanation: There are 3 ways of implementing
hardwired control unit:
A state table is the simplest method in which a number
of circuits are designed based on the cells in the table.
A delay element method consists of a flowchart drawn
for the circuit. A D-flip flop is used as a delay element.
A sequence counter method used k-modulo counter as a
replacement for k delay elements.
8. A set of microinstructions for a single machine
instruction is called ___________
a) Program
b) Command
c) Micro program
d) Micro command
Answer: c
Explanation: For every micro-operation, a set of
microinstructions are written which indicate the control
signals to be activated. A set of microinstructions is a
micro program. The address of the next microinstruction
is given by a Micro-program counter.
9. Micro-program consists of a set of microinstructions
which are strings of 0s and 1s.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The computer understands only binary
language. So, the micro-program should have
instructions which are in the form of 0s and 1s. Each
output line of the micro-program corresponds to one
control signal.
10. A decoder is required in case of a ______________
a) Vertical Microinstruction
b) Horizontal Microinstruction
c) Multilevel Microinstruction
d) All types of microinstructions
Answer: a
Explanation: There are two types of microinstructions:
Horizontal and Vertical.
In a horizontal microinstruction, each bit represents a
signal to be activated whereas, in case of vertical
microinstruction bits are decoded and, the decoder then
produces signals. 1. The process of producing useful
information for the user is called ___________
a) Controlling
b) Outputting
c) Inputting
d) Processing
Answer: b
Explanation: The Output Unit is responsible for giving
the results to the user in the form of a printed report or
visual display. The process is referred to as outputting.
Controlling is nothing but the manner and sequence in
which the instructions are being operated. Inputting
means giving instructions to the system whereas,
processing means performing certain operations and
calculations.
2. The output unit converts the data entered by the user
into computer understandable form.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The Output unit is responsible for
converting the computer obtained data into user
understandable format. The Input Unit is responsible for
converting the data in computer understandable format.
3. VDU stands for __________
a) Virtual Display Unit
b) Visual Display Unit
c) Virtual Detection Unit
d) Visual Detection Unit
Answer: b
Explanation: A Visual Display unit is also referred to as
the monitor who basically is used to give the results or
outputs to the user. It comprises of a cathode ray tube
internally.
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 Questions
advertisement 9. Which of the following is not a function of the Output
4. What does SVGA stand for? Unit?
a) Standard Visual Graphics Array a) It produces results that can be easily understood by
b) Super Visual Graphics Array the user
c) Standard Video Graphics Array b) It accepts the results produced by the computer
d) Super Video Graphics Array c) It supplies the data and instructions to the outside
world
d) It supplies the data and instructions to the computer
Answer: d for further processing
Explanation: Super Video Graphics Array is a type of
Visual Display Unit.It supports 1024 by 768 pixels with
16 million different operations. Answer: d
5. The devices that used to give single or multiple Explanation: The output unit is responsible for giving the
colored images and drawings are ____________ results to the user in the form of a printed report or visual
a) Monitors display. It is not responsible for giving the instructions
b) Printers back to the CPU for processing.
c) Plotters 10. PCI stands for _________
d) VDUs a) Peripheral Component Interconnect
b) Partial Component Interconnect
c) Peripheral Component Interaction
Answer: c d) Partial Component Interaction
Explanation: Plotters are the devices which are used to
give colored images. They use ink pens or ink jets for
drawing. Pens of different colors and shades are used Answer: a
for shading and styling. Explanation: PCI is a high-bandwidth bus that can
Become Top Ranker in Computer Fundamentals Now! function as a peripheral bus. Compared with others, it
6. A special request originated from some device to the delivers better system performance. 1. The ‘heart’ of the
CPU to acquire some of its time is called ___________ processor which performs many different operations
a) Disturbance _____________
b) Attenuation a) Arithmetic and logic unit
c) Interrupt b) Motherboard
d) Noise c) Control Unit
d) Memory

Answer: c
Explanation: An interrupt is a kind of request which takes Answer: a
control of the system bus for some time, then performs Explanation: The Arithmetic and logic unit performs all
all the operations and gives back control to the CPU. It is the basic operations of the computer system. It performs
usually identified by some number and is handled by the all the arithmetic(+,-,*,/,etc) as well as the logical
interrupt controller. operations( AND, OR, NOT, etc.).
7. Line Printers that print one line at a time are 2. ALU is the place where the actual executions of
_________ instructions take place during the processing operation.
a) Laser Printers a) True
b) Inkjet Printers b) False
c) Drum Printers
d) Chain Printers
Answer: a
Explanation: ALU is a combinational electronic circuit
Answer: c which basically performs all the logical or the bitwise
Explanation: The drum printers have a solid cylindrical operations and the arithmetic operations. Therefore, it is
drum with characters embossed on its surface in the the place where the actual executions of instructions
form of circular bands. It can only print a predefined set take place.
of characters. 3. Which of the following is not a bitwise operator?
8. A ___________________ monitor looks like a a) |
television and are normally used with non-portable b) ^
computer systems. c) .
a) CRT d) <<
b) LCD
c) LED
d) Flat Panel Monitors Answer: c
Explanation: All except the dot(.) operator are bitwise
operators.
Answer: a | : Bitwise OR
Explanation: A CRT (or the Cathode Ray Tube) Monitor ^ : Bitwise XOR
looks like a television ideally. The flat panel monitors are << : Shift Left
thinner and lighter in comparison. Sanfoundry Certification Contest of the Month is Live.
100+ Subjects. Participate Now!
 Questions
advertisement 9. Which flag indicates the number of 1 bit that results
4. The sign magnitude representation of -1 is from an operation?
__________ a) Zero
a) 0001 b) Parity
b) 1110 c) Auxiliary
c) 1000 d) Carry
d) 1001

Answer: b
Answer: d Explanation: The parity flag indicates the number of 1 bit
Explanation: The first leftmost bit i.e. the most significant in any operation. The resultant bit is called the parity bit.
bit in the sign magnitude represents if the number is The main aim of the parity bit is to check for errors.
positive or negative. If the MSB is 1, the number is 10. The bitwise complement of 0 is ___________
negative else if it is 0, the number is positive. Here, a) 00000001
+1=0001 and for -1=1001. b) 10000000
5. IEEE stands for ___________ c) 11111111
a) Instantaneous Electrical Engineering d) 11111110
b) Institute of Emerging Electrical Engineers
c) Institute of Emerging Electronic Engineers
d) Institute of Electrical and electronics engineers Answer: c
Explanation: Bitwise complement is basically used to
convert all the 0 digits to 1 and the 1s to 0s.
Answer: d So, for 0 = 00000000(in 8-bits) ::: 11111111(1s
Explanation: The IEEE is an organization of complement). The bitwise complement is often referred
professionals in the field of electronics and electrical to as the 1s complement.
engineering. IEEE has given certain standards of its own
which are followed in the field of computer science and
electrical engineering.
Check this: BCA MCQs | BCA Books
6. The ALU gives the output of the operations and the
output is stored in the ________
a) Memory Devices
b) Registers
c) Flags
d) Output Unit

Answer: b
Explanation: Any output generated by the ALU gets
stored in the registers. The registers are the temporary
memory locations within the processor that are
connected by signal paths to the CPU.
7. The process of division on memory spaces is called
______________
a) Paging
b) Segmentation
c) Bifurcation
d) Dynamic Division

Answer: b
Explanation: The memory space is divided into
segments of dynamic size. The programmer is aware of
the segmentation and can reallocate the segments
accordingly.
8. Number of bits in ALU is _________
a) 4
b) 8
c) 16
d) 2

Answer: c
Explanation: Arithmetic and Logic Unit consists of 16bits.
They perform certain Arithmetic and bitwise operations
(add, subtract, AND, OR, XOR, Increment, decrement,
shift).