MA 202 Tutorial

W.EE
"

.
18 Jan 2021
 "
18 Jan 2021

S =
{ HHH ,
HHT HTH , ,
HTT
,
THH THT , ,

TTH ,
TTT
}
the
is
sample space
.

to

more
Let A
heads
be the

them
event

tails .
corresponding
.
.

. A =

{ HAH , HHT, HTH ,

THA
} .

A B & C be events
⇐ Given .
I
=

element is considered
⑥ some
x

RE S

tE¥nEB%nE '

B A Ce
BE
e
A
C

¥
" "

:c:
is .
 x E ABC

↳ aEAB④¥ =

⑤ both A & C have occurred

but not B .

'
AGB

② A U B UC

⑨ AB U BC UCA

② ABC → all three occurrence

⑦
'

CTUBUC)
'
= A' B' C
-- #

⑧ at most one occurred

X= A' B' C
'
U ABCC
'
UBCCAC

U C A' Bc
⑨ X U ABCC U BCA
'
U CAB
'

at most two
SII
A EB S
suppose
.

PT PCA ) E PCB)

A
Note that
B
B = AU CBSA)
A R BSA

clearly ,

exclusive
mutually
.

are

By
PLA) t PCB A)-

①
PCB)
-
=
i.

probability
we

By
the axiom
of
have
PCBs A) 70 - ②

①
Using ② in
,

PCB) -
PCA) =P (Bl A) 7,0

PCB) > PCA) .

 PCB) 0.9
If p( A)
=

E = 0.9
,
,

ST PCA B) 30.8 .

Bonferroni
generate
's
In

namely
inequality ,

RBF
+

HEAD
SE for two events A & B we

any
,

have

P ( AUB) = PCA ) t PCB) -

PCA B)
-

Using of
the axiom
prob . we write

PCAUB) S 1 - ②

② get
Combining
① a we

PLA) t PCB) -
P (AB) El

PCAB) 7 PCA ) + PCB) -

t -
③
"

This is known as
Benferroni 's
inequality
"

Using
the ③
inequality
in we
get
PCAB) Z 0.9 to g - -

I =
0.8

i .
PCAB) > 0.8 .
SHI NCS ) =
15 ! it

event that the

⑨ Let A denote the

person
in the 4th
position
is a

boy .

NCA ) =
(5) 49 ! )

PCA) =

Nnfg =

5941.315
!
=
Iz -

⑤ Answer 43
event that a

⑨ At B denote the
3rd
position
boy
the
particular
is in

NCB) =L .

@4 !)
PCB) =
÷
SII.

W u
r

RR
R

event that
Let A demit the the

is red
facing up
.

side
event that
the
Let B denote
,
red
faces painted
.

both the are

PHD I? it

PCB.IN =

HpAf¥IBI
=
1 i

(1/3)
p¥
it
I do I ②
R R R ⑨

-
-
1 card 1 card
it

⑤
Let Bz denote that both the
faces are

black
painted PCBs) =
43

At denote that the card is

Bz
black on one
red &
painted each
face .

perp = 43

PLA)
=p(AlBDpCB
+ PCAIB ) PCBs)

PCBs)
+
pfA
=
1.
Is + O -

431-1/2.1/3

P(Bala) =

4313+0+1213
=
# = 43
SE VA neighbor
watered the
denote

plant
alive
will be
B
plant die
plant
'
B

PLA) -
O -
9
,
PCBEIA) - 015

0.8
PCB IAC)
- =

⑥ PCB) = I -
PCB 4=0785

PCB ) = PCBEIAJPCA)
1- PCBCIAD PLAY

=
0.215g ✓ ✓

⑤ Bc)
P(BPCA9
PLAY =

PCB )
=

=
I '

43
HI A denote the event that the sum

equal
the dice is to
of the numbers on

7 .

{ C. j ) hijab )
The
sample space f- ,

36
i .
N (s) =

event that
⑨ At B denote the
4
lands on .

first
die
the

PCA ) PCB)
SI RAB)
= .

( 2,53 G. D. 41,334323
A =

{ ( 16 ) ,
,

GD }

PCA)
= -36g =
z
B =

{ ( 4
,
i)
;
Isis 6
}
3dg =
%
PCB)
=
 AB =
{ 4,33 }
PCAB) IT =
= f- .

f-
= PCA) PCB) .

event that
⑥ Let C denote the

the second die lands on 3 .

C -
{ Cis 3) ; kiss } .

peg =
% =L
AC =
{ 4.33 } PCAC) -
¥
=
If
=
PCAIPG)

i .
Adc are independent
events .
II p Guo component functions)
@ y -

-
p ( only
one
component
funding
-

II. ee ,

Pah -

kN B) ( t
-
-

KD n
-

134-1334 Kyu ter -

-

-
KDU PDG kg
134
-
-
-
-

alternative -

Pa G-pDG-pzxe-t.gr
# (ah 4 comp working) .
n

+
P ( exactly comp3working) ✓ .

+ P ( exactly ) 2 n -

✓
③ Do it
yourself (similar
to
part .
 event that
STI Let A denote the

the
system functions .

that
Let B; denote the event

works ( Isi en )
component
the
-
i

We are
interested in
computing
P (Bal A) = PCAlBn)pCB#
P④ .
#
1 -

1/2
=

-1¥

¥:i=E
✓
PLA)

VVV =
2 w
2n a

)=Ae
-

PLA
 Let A denote the event that

to
your
neighbour
remember water the

plant .

i .

PLA) =
0.9 & PCA 9--0.1 .

Let B denote the event that

the
plant dies .

Given that
,

P ( BIA ) =
0.15

0.8
& P (B) Ac) =
@ PCB) =
PCBIA) PCA) + PCBIAC) PLAY
=
@ esko . + (O .

( AD
= O -
135 -1 Or 08

=
0.215

⑥ We are interested
computing
in

PLAY B) .

Using Baye 's formula ,

' PCBIAC) PCA c)

PLA 1B) =

¥
=
0-080.215
=
8¥ =
#
 Tutorial -
2 25
"
Jan 2021
,

S&M p(×=y)
=

540,91C =
Iz ✓

5×5×8 !
P(X= 2) =

t
to
p( x
-
-

4) = 5×443×-5×6 ! ✓

10 !

p( 03=0
P( X -

)
s =

i
p( x -
-
i ) =P { 0/3=0 ,
> 7

P ( x -

3) =
5×4×5×7110
!
5×4113112×5×5 !
P(X
=
5) =

to
p(X= 6) a
51×5110
!
 pcx -
-
)=
iti (9)i!do r

w
!
OE is 5

ith
(3) ! 8 !
-
2

play -_

to
O

no n
! =
,

(E) 4-11 ! @ is !
six -

p(x=i )
=

10 !

If its

pfx=x)=
(9) 01×5×9 !
TO
!
1×1×5×91
= .

e-
01
,
i -

2
4×5×8 !
( si )
-

PG -
-

of =

5×5×8 !
=

to

i. 6

(E)
=
-

51×514 !
p (x -

6) =

to
45 !
=
1×5 !
not
 ) if n even

£97
n
2,4
go
,
X
. .
.

= ,
,

odd
} if
n
n
1 , 3,5
{
.
.
. .
,
or X -
-
SIR 1
values a 3
take .

× can

TTH THT,

{
HTH THH
S = AHH ,
HHT, , ,
,

HTT
,
TTT
}

to
NG D= ?
-
-

2
Nfx= 3)
=

48
f- PCx= 3) =

PCX
-

-
1) = ,

pfx
-

2) = PCG ) =0 .
 C

SIE F : it → ↳ D .

⑨
^
F

Hard it .
.
.
-
- - - "

2/3 .
- . . . .
O

1/2 .
- . - . - - -
O

l l l >
I 2 3 N
⑤ pcx >
YI -
I -
FUK ) - n -

Ith)
=
3/4

pfxzalintermsof.FI#T.PCx
> a) = 1 -

FCI ✓ ✓
=
I -

Plata)
-

plated + PH > a) = 1

⑥ p(2Lx sa ) =p ( X )
sa -

PCXEZ)
f- (4) - FG )
=

=
I -

11/12 =
Yaz

⑨ puts) =
1-17×7317
f- (
= X =3
)
=
11/12
② PCXED Pussy
pCx
-

=
? -

?
=
FG ) -

FG )
=
213 -
1/2
= 1/6
 01/02/2021
Tutorial - 3

SII
⑨
-
§ a
f dm = n should

hold

fdI ! -if¥%n ! fenian

= O
"

of f la ) In =
,

"

fo
'
en dm = I

e
aid ! = a
?
{
'in
okay
ten -

0 else
c = g. a
,

-
 fa°¥bdq
"

) fcasdn
⑤ pco.gsxco.se
=

o . 8

=/ f ca ) da

O .

To
=
I 9n3dn
O 4
'

0.8

= a
"
long
"
9
= d. 8) -

drag
-
 +. ④
SII -

I find = '

-
O
A
+
Moo da
f 1
-

ye =

f- noose
- Moo
)) ! →

F a =
Yao
Moo

{
#
-

e a > o
,

f- Cn) =

O N L O
,

-
feet x be the random variable

denoting
hours
computer fans
a
the
before
breaking dong;
Moo
) f fo
-

P Exists = e da

50
'"

=
f- Heng
e
-

50

"Z -3k
=
e- -
e it

"
= e-
( n -
e- 7
=
# G- the
""

Pfxcloo) f # e- Hooda
=

=
f e
-

Miao ]!
'
=
1- e-
SIS Let denote the
representi n g
riv
X .

hrs
the
lifetime in
of a certain

of
kind radio tubes .

° nteoo

{
.

f- (a) a

too
n > 100
NT ,

Kiko be the event that

Let Ai ,
,

the ith radio tube has to be

replaced
within 150 hrs .

of operation .

Ay Az As ,
Ag .
As
,
,

Ai are
independent .
 ""

Pf Ai ) =

f. tea) da

Fenian t.fi?fensdn
=

footstone dm

=
1/3 ,
E5

P (A ,
AS A
} Ag Ast ) = PLAN) HAI) PLAY
PCA a) PCA
=
G- b) G- b)
' '

=¥¥¥i¥
 Problem 4

If the
density fun of
.

equals Cem

{
Oana

flag =

O n so

What is PCX > 4 ?

find a .

SAI c - 2

4
2) e-
PCA > =
 A
1-

SII we know that ft da -

- i

N
+ a
-

Jfk ) dat
Jfk ) dah

- O O

A
+

2N

J @ e- dn =1

e. e- anti -

- a

Ez ( o -

)
e
-

-
a

e -2 -

Tze I
"

PCX 2) make e-
-

> = = -

2 -
4
= e .
 cont variable
SIR .

U is a .
random

GD
uniformly
on
distributed .

f II:?aw
"

Hui -

: =

Let X ⇐ at
Lb a) -
U
,
al b .

be a

We have to that X
prove
GIT
uniformly distributed
is on
.

i¥÷
 "

PCU su ) =

{ t dg
←
=
÷÷
= Fat .

(X
§
= P sa)

=P ( at @ a) U
-
En )
=P ( Us IIIa )
= F
( 9
a

° it

=/ i
n÷a
FIT
it off ti
 t ne
÷
i. Gcn .

f.
Ia

1
if
if
as

n
n

> b
E b

an
-

G ex
'
-
-

f÷i -

{
-
Ia ,
a En Eb

O otherwise
,
fcn)
is
Pdf Fca) is
eat

Fca) =

faff dog ✓

✓
F' Cn) =

fca)

=P(Xsn)=F
Soft Let X denote the rrv .

to
( in
representing
time hrs)
the
machine
repair
.

X distributed
exponentially
is

with A T

{
n n> o
e-
f- (a) =

O
,

elsewhere
,

@ p( x >
2) =
Ifla ) dm
2
"

{
K
Ix
-

=
e

I
=
⑤ P (x > 31 X > 2)
p ( X 73)
* =
PLXZD
¥, to the
(due
memorfkss
property
=
-
z
e

I
 Tutorial -
4 0402/2021

Soft
. +

I fcnsdn t
=
-

-
N l

F J Cat bae) dm at

atbz - n -

ECX ] =
3g
to

3-
f In =
a

A
y
-

bayda 3/5
f n(
=

at

azthz -
Z
②
at bz
-

se .
-
 ② -

①
45

¢±%
at 42 =

% =

Ys
i . b =
6/5
From ① a = 1- Iz
,

-
e -
3. ¥
= 1-
If =
3/5
SAI
on

{
ake
-

,
n > O

feng
-

o no
,

Do have bound
any upper
we

on a

pdf ?
F- CM =

? a

F- Ex ] =
f f n
In

- A
"

of
an

ah doe
-

= a e

"

at
an
n' da
-

e
=

E ! !:n :] a
 A

Zapf andre
-

= ne

2fnae-ar①
°
A

=3 Is

f td-ae-m.no
a

=L
F-
?
=

The
expected lifetime =
Ya
of a tube is f- hrs .
Soft
.

Let X denote the rrr

of
. time

taken to
repair the
computer
.

ft
one
fuel - .

0 otherwise

Let Y be the riv .

denoting the

of

e.fr#.D/tI4ogf;rx- fgCn7f n3dn

cost
repair
.

F- GI
-

- a

ojgcnshzdn
= I ! }40t 30 rn
) da
 self n'45
20
Ez
-
+

312
= 40 + no ③

= 40 t 10¥33 .
 8
]
'
Cx
SFI E =
= 2
E ,

( Given)
F- [ 244 A) 2) = E [4-116×+16×2]
=
E + EH + EH

= A -116.2 f- 16 .
8

=
164

Nt @ TDY
E 4 2ND
Ef
=

= 21 .
 R

SI f
e- n30
'

④
.

= ,

Ffr) =
f e-
3dg I
ago

- A

- n
= a -
e

#
-
"

e - n
>o

Fcn) =

O Uco
,

Yz
-
a
=
1 e

(a) Yz
-

F- =

"
e- =
Ya

2=42

i .
Median is In 2
⑨
frfr ) - l ,
0 Ease .

FCM -

{ that
% ,
17am
N 71

Find m such

Fcm) =
42 m
-

1k
 discrete
Sofi
riv
X is
.

Pat Pat tho

= 1 -

①
It 2
1-213+13=1
EEN
=

K -
B

§!nP( x -

a) = z

1. p
,
+ 2.
pat 3103=2
-143+313=2 ②
Pa
-

Varley =E¥ D) =

'

E. ago .
-

xD

I
=
Ip, -122/2+32/3 -

Pat tap, -4
 =p, -144-433
+
913 -
4 179+-239=1
pz= 1-213
https -1910541
-

-
pytpz =
1-12 ( from
=2Pn
-

take
,Pn=1 tax I
Vor
1-12
=
=
Pitt 's
-

⑨ Var ( x) is maximized if Peo .

Pathet 13=1 Patty -1

Py -13/3
= 2

pa =
1/2=13

⑥ Varley is minimized if Kel .

Pe 02kg
-

-
.
HI ⇐

Length} =I!et7m
! etre n
da
-

§ ect
-

Da dm
-

e÷im
.

* =

It Ctu)

For t -
- r
-0¥
f
k
ca) da - - r . =
a

'

ol -

Cx]
F-
I
omg =

/ g
"
Ct) =

Its
 " 2
F- [XY -
ol =

i .
Var ( x ) = EEN ) -

⇐ [ xD
12=1
= 2 -
SOFI Let X denote the #
of components
in the satellite
system fine .

There are 4
components
distributed
.

X is
binomially with n
-

-
4

PCX 72 ) p of
-

= 1 -

pcx =D -
P ( x -
y
-

-
e -

④ Coat @ 434
.

@ 433
'
-

(9) @D
SII denote the
counting
ar
Let
. .

the #
of errors .

103 10-3
p
=
h =

,
?
dish with
i .
X is a
binomial

fo ? )
-3

parameters
no

PG > 3) = 1-
¥oPCx=
Carbine
3

→ -

E
E- o
(1-10-3)
-
-
i -

E:( 7) foooyi tooo - i

@9
 -

X
SFI At y
log
=

V
[ wggx] µ
-

ELY ] = E

Var [ YI Tt
Karl )
-

logx
-

normal distributed

by
.

is
X
-

✓
t¥
FYI
¥¥Gg ×
n re

pfek.az/YIe8ft=PfE logD- j8K*.expfEIf

PG sa) =

-
a

dy
-
pcxsn-f.TT#..expfEI gm
,

N 70

a so
①
,

:iiteF:Yg÷T
 Tutorial -

5
15/02/2021

Given that
SFI flag
-

Effie MT ) ,
owed
0 L2

!! !!
ND

@
finis) dads
÷
:
y=2

i
'

!!
"

¥44222) dady
,
N
=
2=1
D= a-

=¥{f÷+n¥) ! do

¥ a)
!
'
= +
do

E. ⇐ +
i
=
¥ ( E. + F) =¥¥=1
 This
completes the
proof that f
indeed
density fin
joint
.

a
is

Marginal devising fun of

.

X is
⑧

f- (a)
+ f fluid=

A
do

-
2

t.cat/fGn2a.Eaqt7/&+Mz ) dy

O
O otherwise
,

=
¥ (2n2xn
) ,
Osman

⑨ PCX > Y) =

If f- laid dady
{ Gig : no
}
Ny

!!! !
y=N
¥44 Fd
y=2
=
dads

÷bsEkz6az÷ >

¥
a
.

na -

. .
43-3+411 as
 =

E÷⇐ -

E -

a' F) as
'
+

!! ⇐ 7T ta Bob
¥
-

= +

-
I ⇐ t I '
-

fans
"
)!
-

E L 's + I -

FD
=
I 16+6 -

7
t
-

48
=

¥ Iq =

÷ .

i . P ( x > Y ) =
15/56 .
 -49
SFI
{
ne

ffn D=
Given no .no
,
,

° .
otherwise
a
+

⑨
face ) =
) flu .Ddy
YE
0+0
-

f
- Cato)
ne
= dy
y =
O

+ A

=a§ e
- '
dy
y=0

N
k > O
-

= Re
,

Ken

{
n > o

f
,
=
r
:

, O otherwise
,
 c-
A

③
fu ,
=

f fee , D da
.

N= -
N

+ a

f
-
Cnt 'D
ne dn

970N
=
,

= O

+ A

= e
- Y
f ne
-
A
dm

n = O

= e-
'

f - ne
-

Yj 't Te -

adn
)
D

( if
b
e- O 1- = e- y > o
= ,

'

{
e- ooo
:
fu G)
.
r
=

, otherwise
,

⑨ Note that fluid

-
f ,
fu CD
,
.

Therefore ,
X & Y are
independent
V.V .
SAI .

Given
no
,
Kya

f- Gish otherwise
,

A
+

@
f ,
=

I ffaisdy a '
ya

y= On
-

=
-
b 't
=

:
=
12dg ÷%
Z
y=n

au
Dirk
. -

{
24-7 Osney

f
' ,
=
' -

,
O ,
otherwise
a =
A
b -

( )
O n
⑤
fr ,
=

a
.I! Hadda
Y
n .

= J 2 du

N=0

VO
=
23 O Lych
,

{
2b Ocoee

fu (b)
,
=
r
:

, 0 otherwise
,

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