At the airport

 airfare (noun)
the cost of the plane ticket

 airline (noun)
the company that owns the plane

 arrival / arrivals (noun)
the time planes arrive at the airport

 baggage / luggage (noun)
bags or suitcases

 baggage claim (noun)
the place where passengers pick up their bags after the plane lands

 board (verb)
when the passengers get on the plane

 boarding pass (noun)
a ticket that gives you permission to board the plane; some airlines allow you to
use a boarding pass on your cell phone

A boarding pass usually has your name, flight number, and departure date and
time. 

 boarding time (noun)
the time that passengers are allowed to get on the plane

 carry-on / hand luggage / cabin baggage (noun)

bags that passengers bring on the plane (called "carry-on" in North America)

 customs (noun)
the place in the airport where bags are checked before you are allowed to enter
a country

 departure time / departures (noun)

the time planes leave the airport

 e-ticket (noun)
airfare purchased on the Internet

 fragile (adjective)
something that is easily broken (sometimes passengers pack fragile items in
their bags)

 delay (noun)
the amount of time the plane is late for landing or takeoff (a two-hour delay
means the plane will arrive two hours later than planned)
 domestic (adjective)
within the same country (a domestic flight)

 gate (noun)
the place where passengers wait to board the plane

 identification (noun)
documents that prove a person's name and personal information (address, birth
date, phone number, social security number, etc.)

 international (adjective)
worldwide (an international flight)

 layover / stopover (noun)
a period of waiting between flights

 overbooked (adjective)
the airline sold too many tickets; there are more passengers than seats

 passport (noun)
an official document that proves a person's citizenship

 runway (noun)
a strip of smooth ground where an airplane takes off and lands

On the plane
 aisle (noun)
the empty walkway between rows of seats on the plane

 aisle seat (noun)
a seat by the aisle

 business class (noun / adjective)
the area where people who are travelling for business sit; it is sometimes the
same as first-class

 cabin (noun)
interior (inside) of the airplane

 captain (noun)
the person who flies the plane and is in charge of the plane

 cockpit (noun)
the part of the plane where the captain and co-pilot sit to fly the plane

 complimentary (adjective)
free; it does not cost any money

 co-pilot (noun)
the pilot who helps the captain fly the plane
  economy class / coach class (noun / adjective)
the lowest class of travelling; economy tickets are the cheapest tickets

 emergency exits (noun)
the part of the plane that opens and passengers can exit during an accident

 first-class (noun / adjective)
more expensive tickets with better seating and more services; first-class has
bigger seats than economy or coach class

 life vest (noun)
a safety device used during an emergency landing in water

 overhead bin / overhead compartment (noun)

a place to store carry-on bags above the passenger seats

 oxygen mask (noun)
a safety device that gives passengers oxygen during an accident

 pilot (noun)
the person who flies the plane

 row (noun)
a line of seats on the plane from the aisle to the window

 seatbelt (noun)
a safety device that holds passengers in their seats

 steward / flight attendant (noun)

a man who takes care of passengers on the plane

 stewardess / flight attendant (noun)

a woman who takes care of passengers on the plane

 takeoff (noun / verb)
when the plane leaves the ground

 touchdown (noun / verb)
when the plane lands on the ground

 turbulence (noun)
movement in the air that causes a rough flight

 window seat (noun)
a seat by the window

Questions you may need to ask at an airport

There are many questions you may need to ask at an airport.

 Where is the check-in counter for _______ Airlines?

  Is my flight on time?

 How long is my flight delayed?

(delayed = late; In other words, your flight is not going to arrive on time.)

 Where is the bathroom?

 Where is the Internet lounge?

 Where is the smoker's lounger?

 Can I get a window seat?

 Can I get an aisle seat?

 Where can I find a taxi?

 Where can I find a bus?

 Where is the baggage claim?

(Where can I collect my luggage/baggage?)

 When should I be at the departure gate?

 Where is the departure gate?

 Is my connecting flight on time?

(A connecting flight is when you take at least two different airplanes to get to
your destination. You are asking if the second flight is going to be on-time. If it
is late, you might have a long wait at the second airport. If it is early, you
might miss the flight because you didn't get to the second airport on time.)

Questions you may hear at an airport check-in counter

These are some common questions you may hear at the check-in counter.

 May I see your ticket?

(The worker may also say, "Ticket, please.")

 What's your purpose for traveling?

(What is your reason for traveling? The worker wants to know if you are
traveling for business or pleasure.)
  Do you have a photo-ID?

(driver's license, passport)

 Are you checking any bags? 

(These are larger bags that the airline will store under the plane for you.)

 How many bags are you checking?

 Do you have a carry-on bag?

(This is a small bag you take with you on the plane such as a purse, small
suitcase, or laptop bag.)

 Do you require any special assistance?

(Do you require a wheelchair, help carrying your bags, or other help?)

 Did you pack these bags yourself?

 Did you, at any time, leave your bag unattended?

(Did you leave your bag by itself. This is a security risk because someone could
put something in your bag. So, the airline wants to be sure you know what is in
your bag.)

 Are you traveling with any liquids?

(Do you have any liquids in your bags such as shampoo, deodorant, or drinks?)

 Is there anything fragile in your bags?

(fragile = breakable)

 What is your final destination?

 Would you like a window seat or an aisle seat?

 Do you have any special eating requirements? 

Problems at the check-in counter

Sometimes, there are problems at the check-in counter. Here are some problems you
might hear at the airport check-in counter.

 Your luggage/baggage is too heavy. 

(You have to remove some items to make it lighter.)

 Your bag is too large. 

 Your carry-on bag is too large.

 Your flight is delayed.

(It is late.)

 Your connecting flight is delayed.

 Your passport has expired.

(expired = The date has passed. You need a new passport.)

 Your ID (identification) has expired.

 Your flight has been canceled.

(If your flight is canceled, you have to book a new flight.)

 Your connecting flight is canceled.

 Your ticket has expired.