SR.

PHYSICS
[Important Questions]
Long Answer type questions :
Waves
1. Explain the formation of stationary waves in stretched strings and hence
deduce the laws of transverse waves in stretched strings.
2. Explain the formation of stationary waves in an air column enclosed in
open pipe. Derive the equations for the frequencies of the harmonics
produced.
3. How are stationary waves formed in closed pipes? Explain the various
modes of vibrations and obtain relations for their frequencies.
4. What are beats? Obtain an expression for the beat frequency. Where and
how are beats made use of?
5. What is Doppler effect? Obtain an expression for the apparent frequency
of sound heard when the source is in motion with respect to an observer
at rest.

Current Electricity
1. State Kirchhoffs law for an electrical network. Using these laws deduce the
condition for balance in a Wheatstone bridge.
2. State the working principle of potentiometer explain with the help of
circuit diagram how the emf of two primary cells are compared by using
the potentiometer.
3. State the working principle of potentiometer explain with the help of
circuit diagram how the potentiometer is used to determine the internal
resistance of the given primary cell.

Nuclei
1. What is radioactivity? State the law of radioactive decay. Show that
radioactive decay is exponential in nature.
2. Explain the principle and working of a nuclear reactor with the help of a
labeled diagram.
Short Answer type questions :

Ray and Optical Instruments

1. A mobile phone lies along the principal axis of a concave mirror
longitudinally. Explain why the magnification is not uniform.
2. Explain the Cartesian sign convention for mirrors.
3. Define critical angle. Explain total internal reflection using a neat
diagram.
4. Explain the formation of a mirage.
5. Explain the formation of a rainbow.
6. Why does the setting sun appear red?
7. With a neat labelled diagram explain the formation of image in a simple
microscope.
Wave Optics
1. Explain Doppler effect in light. Distinguish between red shift and blue
shift.
2. What is total internal reflection. Explain the phenomenon using Huygens
principle.
3. Does the principle of conservation of energy hold for interference and
diffraction phenomena? Explain briefly.
4. How do you determine the resolving power of your eye?

Electric Charges & Fields

1. State and explain Coulomb‟s inverse square law in electricity.
2. Define intensity of electric filed at a point. Derive an expression for the
intensity due to a point charge.
3. Derive the equation for the couple acting on a electric dipole in a uniform
electric field.
4. Derive an expression for the intensity of the electric filed at a point on the
axial line of an electric dipole
5. Derive an expression for the intensity of the electric filed at a point on the
equatorial plane of an electric dipole
6. State Gauss‟s law in electrostatics and explain its importance.
 Electrostatic Potential & Capacitance
1. Derive and expression for the electric potential due to a point charge.
2. Derive an expression for the electrostatic potential energy of a system of
two point charges and find its relation with electric potential of a charge.
3. Derive an expression for the potential energy of an electric dipole placed in
a uniform electric field.
4. Derive an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor

Moving Charges & Magnetism

1. State and explain Biot – Savart law.
2. State and explain Ampere‟s law.
3. Find the magnetic induction due to a long current carrying conductor.
4. Derive am expression for the magnetic induction at the centre of a current
carrying circular collusing Biot – Savart law.
5. Derive and expression for the magnetic induction at a point on the axis of
a current carrying circular coil using Biot – Savart law.
6. Obtain an expression for the magnetic dipole moment of a current loop.
7. Derive an expression for the magnetic dipole moment of a revolving
electron.
8. What are the basic components of a cyclotron? Mention its uses?

Electromagnetic Induction
1. Obtain an expression for the emf induced across a conductor
2. which is moved in a uniform magnetic field which is
3. perpendicular to the plane of motion.
4. Describe the ways in which Eddy currents are used to advantage.
5. Obtain a expression for the mutual inductance of two long co-axial
solenoids.

Atoms
1. What are the limitations of Bohr‟s theory of hydrogen atom?
2. Explain the distance of closest approach and impact parameter.
3. Describe Rutherford atom model. What are the draw backs of this model?
4. Explain the different types of spectral series.
 Semiconductors & Electronics
1. Describe how a semi conductor diode is used as a half wave rectifier.
2. What is rectification? Explain the working of a full wave rectifier.
3. Distinguish between half – wave and full wave rectifiers.
4. Distinguish between zener breakdown and avalanche breakdown.
5. Explain the working of a solar cell and draw its I-V characteristics.
6. Explain how transistor can be used as a switch?
7. Explain how transistor can be used as an oscillator?
8. Define NAND and NOR gates. Give their truth tables

Problems:
Waves
1. A string has a length of 0.4 m and a mass of 0.16g. If the tension in the
string is 70N, What are the three lowest frequencies it produces when
plucked?
2. A metal bar when clamped at its centre, resonates in its fundamental
frequency with longitudinal waves of frequency 4 kHz. If the clamp is
moved to end, what will belts fundamental resonance frequency?
3. A closed organ pipe 70 cm long is sounded. If the velocity of sound is 331
m/s, what is the fundamental frequency of vibration of the air column?
4. A vertical tube is made to stand in water so that the water level can be
adjusted. Sound waves of frequency 320 Hz are sent into the top of the
tube. If standing waves are produced at two successive water levels of
20cm and 73cm, what is the speed of sound waves in the air in the tube?
5. Two organ pipes of lengths 65 cm and 70 cm respectively, are sounded
simultaneously. How many beast per second will be produced between the
fundamental frequencies of the two pipes? (Velocity of sound = 330 m/s).

Current Electricity
1. A 10Ω thick wire is stretched so that its length becomes three times.
Assuming that there is no change in its density on stretching, calculate
the resistance of the stretched wire.
2. A wire of resistance 4Ris bent in the form of a circle. What is the effective
resistance between the ends of the diameter?
3. Find the resistivity of a conductor which carries a current of density of 2.5
6 -2 -1
X 10 A m when an electric field of 15 V m is applied across it.
4. What is the color code for a resistor of resistance 350m Ω with 5%
tolerance?
5. Three resistors 3 Ω, 6 Ω and 9 Ω are connected to a battery. In which of
them will the power dissipation be maximum if: (a) they all are connected
in parallel (b) they all are connected in series? Give reasons.

Nuclei
-15
1. The radius of the oxygen nucleus O is 2.8 X 10 m. Find the radius of
16
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lead nucleus
205
82 Pb

2. Calculate the binding energy of an  - particle. Given that mass of proton

= 1.0073 u, mass of neutron = 1.0087u, and mass of  - particle =
4.0015u.

3. Find the energy required to split O nucleus into four  - particles. The
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mass of an  - particle is 4.002603u and that of oxygen is 15.994915u.

4. The half life radium is 1600 years. How much time does 1 g of radium
take to reduce to 0.125g
5. Plutonium decays with a half – life of 24,000 years. If plutonium is stored
for 72,000 years, what fraction of it remains?
6. A certain substance decays to 1/232 of its initial activity in 25 days.
Calculate its half – life.
7. The half – life period of a radioactive substance is 20 days. What is the
time taken for 7/8 of its original mass to disintegrate?
8. The half – life of a radioactive substance is 100 years. Calculate in how
many years the activity will decay to 1/0th of its initial value.
9. One gram of radium is reduced by 2 milligram in 5 years by ∝ - decay.
Calculate the half – life of radium.
235
10. If one microgram of 92 U is completely destroyed in an atom bomb, how

much energy will be released?

235
U
11. Calculate the energy released by fission from 2 g of 92 in kWh. Given
that the energy released per fission is 200 Mev.
Very Short Answer type Questions:
Ray Optics & Optical Instruments
1. Define focal length and radius of curvature of a concave lens.
2. What is optical density and how is it different form mass density?
3. What are the laws of reflection through curved mirrors?
4. Define „power‟ of a convex lens. What is its unit?
5. A concave mirror of focal length 10cm is placed at a distance 35cm from a
wall. How far from the wall should an object be placed so that its real
image is formed on the wall ?
6. A concave mirror produces an image of a long vertical pin, placed 40cm
from the mirror, at the position of the object. Find the focal length of the
mirror.
7. A small angled prism of 4° deviates a ray through 2.48°. Find the
refractive index of the prism.
8. What is „dispersion‟ ? Which colour gets relatively more dispersed?
9. The focal length of a concave lens is 30 cm. Where should an object be
placed so that its image is 1/10 of its size?
10. What is myopia? How can it be corrected?
11. What is hypermetropia ? How can it be corrected?
Moving Charges and Magnetism
1. What is the importance of Oersted‟s Experiment?
2. State Ampere‟s law and Biot- Savart law
3. A circular coil of radius „r‟ having N turns carries a current “I”. What is its
magnetic moment?
4. What is the force on a conductor of length L carrying a current “I” placed
in a magnetic field of induction B? When does it become maximum?
5. Distinguish between ammeter and voltmeter.
6. What is the principle of a moving coil galvanometer?
7. How do you covert a moving coil galvanometer into an ammeter?
8. How do you convert a moving coil galvanometer into a voltmeter?
Magnetism & Matter
1. What happens to compass needles at the Earth‟s poles?
2. What do you understand by the „magnetization‟ of a sample?
3. What is the magnetic moment associated witch a solenoid?
4. What are the units of magnetic moment and magnetic induction or
magnetic field?
5. Magnetic lines form continuous closed loops. Why?
6. Define magnetic declination.
7. Define magnetic inclination or angle of dip.
Alternating Current
1. A transformer converts 200 V ac into 2000 V ac. Calculate the number of
turns in the secondary of the primary has 10 turns.
2. What type of transformer is used in a 6V bed lamp?
3. What is the phenomenon involved in the working of a transformer ?
4. What is transformer ratio?
5. Write the expression for the reactance of ii) and inductor and ii) a
capacitor
6. What is the phase difference between AC emf and current in the following:
Pure resistor. Pure inductor and pure capacitor.
7. Define power factor. On which factors does power factor depend?
8. What is meant by wattles component of current?

Electromagnetic Waves
1. What is the average wavelength of X – rays?
2. Give any one use of infrared rays
3. If the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation is doubled , what happens
to the energy of photon?
4. What is the principle of production of electromagnetic waves?
5. What are the applications of microwaves?
6. Microwaves are used in Radars, why?
7. Give two uses of infrared rays.
Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
1. What are “cathode rays”?
2. What is important fact did Millikan‟s experiment establish?
3. What is “work function”?
4. What is “photoelectric effect”?
5. Writhe down Einstein‟s photoelectric equation.
6. Write down deBroglie‟s relation and explain the terms therein.
7. State Heisenberg‟s Uncertainty Principle.
Semiconductor & Electronics
1. What are intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors?
2. What is a p-n junction diode? Define depletion layer.
3. What is the maximum percentage of rectification in half wave and full
wave rectifiers?
4. Write the expressions for the efficiency of a full wave rectifier and a half
wave rectifier.
5. Draw the circuit symbols for p-n-p and n-p-n transistors.
6. Which gates are called universal gates?
7. Write the truth table of NAND gate. How does it differ from AND gate?

Communication System
1. What are the basic blocks of a communication system?
2. What is “World Wide Web” (WWW)?
3. Mention the frequency range of speech signals.
4. What is the sky wave propogation?
5. Mention the various parts of the ionosphere?
6. Define modulation. Why is it necessary?
7. Mention the basic methods of modulation.
8. Which type of communication is employed in Mobile Phones?