ELECTRIC CAR Submitted by WATBAN AL- TEKREETIcontent INTRODUCTION The first road vehicle achieving a speed of more than 100 km/h e Electric vehicles come in a broad variety BENEFITS Historical development of electric cars When can we buy eletcric vehicles? Economic aspects of e-cars Electric vehicles produced in 2010 How does an electric vehicle work? MECHANISM IMPLEMENTED ConclusionsINTRODUCTION ELECTRIC CAR « An electric car is an automobile that is propelled by one electric motor or more, using electrical energy stored in the batteries or another storage device. Electric motors give electric cars instant torque, creating strong and smooth acceleration. e The German Flocken Elektrowagen, built in 1888, was the world’s first electric car. Electric cars were also popular in the late 19" century and early 20" century.The first road vehicle achieving a speed of more than 100 km/h La jamais conte!- Electric vehicles come in a broad variety Sports cars Plug-in hybrid passenger car ‘Small etectric vehicles Battery LDVs Plug-in hybrid LOVMARKET FINISHED PRODUCT — pee ee ig oP a | Sea Lo a aBENEFITS Benefits of electric cars over internal combustion engines automobiles include a significant reduction of local air pollution, as they do not emit tailpipe pollutants, in many cases, a large reduction in total greenhouse gas and other emissions. Less dependency on foreign oil, which in several countries is cause for concern for vulnerability to oil price volatility and supply disruption. Electric vehicles show significant reductions in overall well-wheel global carbon emissions due to highly carbon intensive production in mining, pumping, refining and the efficiencies obtained with gasoline.Historical development of electric cars _Early Years of Electric Cars: 1890 - 1930 First electric vehicle invented in 1828 Many innovations followed The interest in electric cars increased greatly in the late 1890s and early 1900s First real and practical electric car (with capacity for passengers) designed by William Morrison 1902 Phaeton built by the Woods Motor Vehicle Company of Chicago imHistorical development of electric cars ' Decline of Electric Cars: 1930 — 1990 e The electric car declined in popularity because of the following reasons: » Better system of roads > need for longer- range vehicles » Reduction in price of gasoline > gasoline was affordable to the average consumer » Invention of the electric starter disposed of the need for the hand crank. » Initiation of mass production of internal combustion engine vehicles by Henry Ford.Historical development of electric cars The mid-1930s until the 1960s: dead years for electric vehicle development and for their application as personal transportation In the 1960s and 1970s: imperative necessity for alternative-fueled vehicles > renewed interest on electric vehicles The first electric truck, the Battronic Truck, constructed in the early 1960s. The companies Sebring-Vanguard and Elcar Corporation = leaders in the electric car productionHistorical development of electric cars _ The Revival: 1990s » Efforts by the governments to more stringent air emissions requirements and regu ulations requiring reductions in gasoline use and Zero Emission Vehicle requirements from several states > revival « Electric conversions of familiar gasoline powered vehicles as well as electric vehicles designed from the ground up became available (reached highway speeds with ranges of 50 to 150 miles between recharging) Since 2001: Phoenix designs fully functional electric trucks and Sport Utility Vehicle for commercial fleet useWhen can we buy eletcric vehicles? _" Alternative fuel vehicles already available or announced for 2011 — 2014 by major manufacturers in the German market Manufacturer [yoda [Gas | Plugin | attery | Focleell | Total frybrid | Hybrid | electric | vehicle oma 5 i 4 1 Ere Tovota 3 i 2 3 : ww a 5 é RENAULT ; ? mw 3 li 2 ‘ Simple. ‘Wrunoal 1 1 . 1 4 hybrids i lectric. already: “Oni some plugin yeh available me vs sonore vehicles underway 3 Aub | f _ NISSAN t - ; ———SS————S——————lectric vehicles produced in 2010 » A few manufacturers are already producing electric vehicles Ranaut: Nicean (Leaf) ‘matsubish (iamiev) Psa ion, c-2er0) Chery Auto (QQ3) Think (Think City) GM (vel Coda (Midsite Sedan) BYD [e6) Daimler (Start for Twa} ‘Testa (Roadster) © 1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000 5.000 6.000 7,000 > Numbers are really tiny compared to world vehicle production of 78 million units in 2010_ Economic aspects of e-cars S __¢ The electric propulsion: car efficiency = about 90% _» Electric propulsion is principally as "clean" as the energy source « A photovoltaics-carport (solar service station) considered as a charging station of electric cars for the futureHow does an electric vehicle work? » Battery electric vehicle: ‘Small number of main components: * Electric motor + Large battery + ACIOC converter Electronics... » No oil or fuel tank » No exhaust system (tail pipe etc. > Hybrid electric vehicle: = Small combustion engine = Small fuel tank Electronics » Fuel cell electric vehicle has an additional tank and fuel cell > Electric vehicle = several wheels and a plugElectric Vehicles e Electricity is unique among the alternative fuels in that mechanical power is derived directly from it, whereas the other alternative fuels release stored chemical energy through combustion to provide mechanical power. e Batteries commonly provide electricity used to power vehicles, but fuel cells are also being explored. Batteries are energy storage devices, but unlike batteries, fuel cells convert chemical energy to electricity. e The maintenance costs for EVs is less-EVs have fewer moving parts to service andMECHANISM IMPLEMENTED ControllerCONTROLLER e The electric vehicle controller is the electronic package that operates between the batteries and the motors to control the vehicle’s speed and acceleration. e The controller transform dc from the battery current into ac and regulates the energy flow from the battery. e The controller will also reverse the motor rotation and convert the motor into a generatorBLDC Hub MOTOr e Brushless DC motor are more synchronous motors that are powered by a DC electric source via power supply which produces an AC electric signal to drive the motor. It produces higher smeleniey and a lower susceptibility to mechanical wear. e It has several advantages including more torque per weight, more torque per watt, reduced noise, increased reliability and longer lifetime.STEERING e Steering is the term applied to the _ collection of components, linkages etc. which will allow a car to follow the d steering mechanism: 1 Steering wheel; 2 Steering column; 3 Rack and pinion; 4 Tie rod; 5 KingpinBRAKING «Four drum brakes(two rear and two front) are the brakes planned to assemble in the electric car. «> Rear brakes are to be engaged using foot brake system «Front brakes are also to be engaged using foot brakeBRAKING A drum brake is a brake that uses _ friction caused by a set of shoes or pads that press against a rotating drum-shaped part. bem te)PRACTICAL DEVELOPMENT The project is planned to complete in _ 4stages «STAGE 1 Chassis of our electric car will be the modified chassis of electric car brought in working condition. «STAGE 2 Then the steering mechanism along with axle and wheel setup will be installed.PRACTICAL DEVELOPMENT __ +STAGE 3 After this, motor, battery, controller will be assembled to function properly +STAGE 4 At the end brakes, light, seat and other accessories will help to accomplish our electric carMATERIALS REQUIRED * Mild steel rods » Axle * Tyre « Head light * Drum brake * Indicators * Steering ~ Nuts and bolts * BLDC motor « Wheel hub » Batteries « Ignition key * Controller «* Throttles « Seat * Electrical EquipmentsMATERIALS REQUIRED Battery « Starter Motor Horn « Thermo fan Connecting wires * Relay Pipe tubes » Tail light Tool box « Brake oil Ignition Key Barrel « Wiring accessories Voltage Regulator « Other Accessories CDI - Capacitor discharge ignition Light and cut-out switchMotor SPECIFICATION _ e A48V, 500 Watt, 2600 rpm brushless dc hub motor is used in our electric car.~ SUSPENSION a SPECIFICATION Cs Suspension to be used are Double wishbone Macpherson suspension(front suspension)SUSPENSION SPECIFICATION A -arm Macpherson suspension(rear suspension)OTHER _ SPECIFICATIONS > Battery(4) 12 volt 5 amp Tyre 28 x 13 (yCOMMAILCY UVoT ANU TIME Some major cost of parts of quad bike are _ * BLDC Motor ~ Tyre with rim (4) » Brakes Suspensions(4) > Electrical equipment Mild steel rods. » Seat > Other accessories ~ Batteries > Controller > Steering System «> Wheel hub > Rs 50,000 Rs 7,000 Rs 6,000 Rs 6,000 Rs 7,000 Rs 7,000 Rs 4,000 Rs 18,000 Rs 26,000 Rs 10,000 Rs 7,000 RS 4,000ESTIMATED COST AND TIME Net total estimated cost of finished project is Rs 1,50,000 «As per the feasibility and compatibility of our project ‘ELECTRIC CAR’, the estimated time for completion is 3 months from the day the project starts.Myth: “Electric vehicles can help integrating renewable energies, but they need so much —_ electricity.” > Take 1 Million electric vehicles, * giving on average 10 kWh = 10 GWh Na = 10 minutes of the average Ger & { electricity need Jie * Loading with 3,7 kW each+', 7 = 2.4% of installed German, po (155 GW in 2009) 1 » Electricity need of 1 million vehicles: * Driving 14 300 km per year (German average) and using 16 kWh/100 km = 3 TWh/a = 0.5% of annual German electricity use > Large fleet of electric vehicles offers some power but small capacity| Conclusion & Outlook \ 7 « Huge potential for the further emerging of electric as | cars « Although there are still problems, it is important to push this technology > R&D | | | | e Electrical outlet and electric cable are not required in future anymore, because the electric car of the future "refuels" its power fully automatically and without contacting by induction while driving or narkinn Figura: Power from the street. The electric car of the future “refuels” its power fully automatically and without contacting by induction while driving or parking, (Glocaiist 07.05.2011)Conclusions MTEL esa) * Electc wohicles use electc motors and batarins andlor ue 3? cells Bol = Many forms of hybrid vehicles are possible Guus ee) * They are more expensive to buy bul cheaper to drive than current conventional vehicles * Special charging stations are required later Electric vehicles can significantly reduce global and local ‘emissions, but only when charged from renewable energy sources: = Their produetion is very energy intense a = They can play an important role in transport and in reduction of Sea) CO2 emissions ier seyiy) = Other vehicle technologies can be became important too, eee especially fuel cell vehiclessources Sources from where equipments will be purchased «Pal automobiles, Trinath mandir, Cuttack ~«Chhatra bazaar, Cuttack *Zobra lines ,Cuttack «Laxmisagar, Bhubaneswar «Hardware shop, near big bazaar, Bhubaneswar «NS Power, Bhubaneswarsources http: ;www.getenergysmart.orgFiles/HydrogenEducation/sHydi agenPreduchoncealgdf sal A/Files/H www.getenergysmart.or drogenEducation/6H' drogehProductionSteamMethaneReformirg pat ¥ http://www.getenergysmart.org/Files/HydrogenEducation/ 5HydrogenProductionOverview.pdf hita:/ivnww gateneraysmartorg!t les! HydrogenEducation/ 7HydrogenProductionNuclear.pdf Reyeeynitehousie.govinawa/reieases/2006/01/200601 31- htm! http:/farchives.cnn.com/2001/TECH/science/03/16/hydrog en.cars/ http://www.fossil.energy.gov/programs/powersystems/ga sificalionhowgasitostenworks! tml m mo 7 http://www.ca.sandia.gov/hydrogen/research/production/ electrolysis.html hitorinme.chewonkihz.org/goes/FEM 2 bvesZ0 Alkaline; Pp http:/www. princeton.edu/~benziger/PEMFC.pdf