Name: ELA RIVERA Date: FEBRUARY 19, 2021

Course/Year/Sec: BS PSCHOLOGY 1-Y2-2 Teacher: PROFESSOR ALONZO

EXERCISE NO. 3

FUNDAMENTAL TYPES OF TISSUES

GIO: To study epithelial tissues and know its subtypes

SIO:
1.Describe the important characteristics of epithelial tissues.

Epithelial tissues have many characteristics that distinguish them from other tissue
types. It consists almost entirely of cells, with very little extracellular matrix between
them. Covers and lines body surfaces. Cells are densely packed together with minimal
amount of intercellular substance. Cells are firmly attached by intercellular junctions.
Cells rest on a basement membrane partly derived from underlying connective tissue.
To sum it up, epithelial tissues characteristics are: cellularity, specialized contacts,
polarity, support by connective tissue, absence of blood vessels, and regeneration.

2.Enumerate the functions of this tissue.

Epithelial tissues perform a variety of functions includes:

Protection
Secretion
Absorption
Excretion
Filtration
Diffusion
Sensory reception

3.Enumerate the classifications and subtypes of epithelial tissue and examples for
each.

Epithelial tissues are classified according to cell shape and to its cell layers.

CLASSIFICATIONS OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE ACCORDING TO SHAPE

Squamous- thin and flat cells that allow diffusion and filtration.
Cuboidal- cube-shaped cells that may have microvilli at their apical surface for
secretion or absorption.
Columnar- tall and thin cells that may have microvilli or cilia at their apical surface
for secretion and absorption.

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 CLASSIFICATIONS/SUBTYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE ACCORDING TO LAYERS
Simple Epithelium- has a single layer of cells.
Stratified Epithelium- more than one layer. It can be nonkeratinized or keratinized.
Pseudostratified Epithelium- single layer of cells; some cells are tall and thin and
reach the free surface, and others do not.
Transitional Epithelium- stratified cells that appear cube-shaped when
the organ/tube is not stretched and squamous when the organ/tube is
stretched by fluid.

SPECIFIC SUBTYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE

Simple Squamous (ex. blood vessel, heart, lymphatic vessels)

Simple Cuboidal (ex. tubules of kidney, glands, ducts)
Simple Columnar (ex. intestines)

Stratified Squamous Keratinized (ex. skin) Non-Keratinized (ex. mouth)

Stratified Cuboidal (ex. sweat gland ducts, salivary glands)
Stratified Columnar (ex. uterus)
Pseudostratified columnar Ciliated (ex. linings of the trachea and nasal
cavity) Non-Ciliated (ex. prostate)
Transitional (ex. urinary bladder, ureters)

4.Illustrate the different subtypes, label and describe each.

SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

Simple Squamous - is a distinct

layer of flat cells in contact one
of the two layers of the
basement membrane of the
epithelium.

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SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

Simple Cuboidal - involves of a

single layer of cuboidal cube-
like cells.

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

Simple Columnar - involves of

a single layer of cells that are
taller than they are wide.

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STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

Stratified Squamous– flattened

epithelial cells arranged in
layers upon a basal
membrane.

STRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

Stratified Columnar -
composed of column-shaped
cells arranged in multiple
layers.

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PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

Pseudostratified - appears to
be stratified but instead
consists of a single layer of
irregularly shaped and
differently sized columnar cells.

TRANSITIONAL

Transitional - consists of
multiple layers of epithelial
cells which can contract and
expand in order to adapt to the
degree of distension needed.

TRANSITIONAL NOT STRETCHED

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 Name: ELA RIVERA Date: FEBRUARY 19, 2021
Course/Year/Sec: BS PSCHOLOGY 1-Y2-2 Teacher: PROFESSOR ALONZO

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
GIO: To have a clear understanding of the parts and functions of skin and its derivatives.

SIO:

1.Enumerate the functions of the skin

The primary functions of the skin are enumerated below:

barrier
protection
immunological
secretion
thermoregulation
sensitivity
absorption
To further explain..
Keeps water and other precious molecules in your body
Keeps the water out
Protects the body from outside agents
.  Isolates and cushions deeper organs of the body
Protects the body from mechanical, chemical, thermal, uv
radiation and bacteria.
Regulates the amount of the heat lost from the surface of the
body.
Acts as mini-excretory system; urea, salt and water is ended
up losing when we sweat.
  Manufactures several proteins which are important to immunity.
Storage of the precursor vitamin D
Contains cutaneous receptors that act as sensors for touch, pressure,
temperature and pain.

2.Illustrate and label the 2 layers of skin with their important features.

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3.Give the layers of the epidermis and describe each

Epidermis has five layers, according to Tortora & Freudenrich (2011) and this section
discusses these layers from the deepest to the most superficial.

Stratum Basale— also known as the stratum germinatum is the deepest layer consisting 

of either columnar or cuboid cells aligned in a single row. It is a single layer of cells mainly m
ade up of basement cells. The nucleus is massive, ovate in shape and takes up most of the
cells.
 Keratinocytes
 Melanocytes
 Merkel’s cell
 Langerhan’s cell

Stratum Spinosum— 8 to 10 layers of many-sided keratinocytes that t closely together. This

layer provides strength and flexibility to the skin. Cells in the more superficial portions of this
layer are beginning to flatten.

7 | PStratum
age granulosum—3 to 5 layers of flattened keratinocytes that are undergoing
apoptosis. A distinctive feature of cells in this layer is the presence of the protein keratin.
 Keratohyaline granules
4.Give the layers of the dermis and describe each

Dermis has 2 layers

Papillary Layer— Lies directly below the epidermis and contains fibroblasts that

form collagen (a component of connective tissue). The uppermost portion of the dermis is
called dermal papillae. It has a lot of blood vessels that keeps an avenue for providing
nutrients, thermoregulation and elimination of wastes.

Reticular Layer- Lies beneath the papillary layer and produces collagen and elastin. The
deeper part of the dermis, also known as the reticular region, which is attached to the
subcutaneous layer, contains bundles of collagen and some coarse elastic fibers
interspersed with adipose cells, hair follicles, nerves, oil glands, and sweat glands.

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