“Tis international sanded nas develope In acordanc wth nereaealy rgsied principe on sandr economists ued byte Wore Trade Organica eh! Bo ‘evelopment nternatcol Sandard, Cis Ally Designation: G180- 21 Standard Test Method for aba in staan Corrosion Inhibiting Admixtures for Steel in Concrete by Polarization Resistance in Cementitious Slurries’ ‘This stand is su under the fied esigmton GIS; the number immed owing he designation nce the yar of vigil adoption ¢ in he eas of ein the year ft vison A nb apres ines ie yea xt appeal A Spencript ean (acces an earl change nce the lat eon opera 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the effects of chemical admixtures on the corrosion of metals in concrete. This test method can be used to evaluate materials intended to inhibit chloride-induced corrosion of steel in concrete. It can also be used to evaluate the corrosivity of admixtures by themselves or in a chloride environment. This test is not applicable for emulsions. 1.2 The valves stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- riate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter. ‘mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 14 This international standard was developed in accor dance with internationally recognized principles on standand- ‘zation established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- ‘mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee, 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards:? C1S0/C150M Specification for Portland Cement (C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials D632 Specification for Sodium Chloride [E691 Practice for Conducting an Interaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method G3 Practice for Conventions Applicable to Electrochemical "This tet metal under the jrdton of ASTAE Commitee Gl on Comson of Meas and ste ec espusiity of Sabeonenitee Con {Comes af Mets in Cento Mater "Caren liton apprned Ap 1 2021, Pubihed Apel 2021, Ovi ‘sqponed i 2008 Lat previous eon spond in 3019s C140 13 O15), Or io suns 2er referenced ASTM stn. vsit the ASTM web, sos, | ewer ASTM Coster Serie a ences. Fae Ase! Boa of AST ‘Standuas Ytune foto, ler he rd Dasma Sony ogee {He ASTME webu Measurements in Corrosion Testing G5 Reference ‘Test Method for Making Potentiodynamic ‘Anodic Polarization Measurements (G59 Test Method for Conducting Potentiodynamic Polariza- tion Resistance Measurements G193 Terminology and Acronyms Relating to Corrosion 3.1. Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this prac- Lice see Terminology G193. 4, Significance and Use 4.1 This test method provides a means for assessing corrosion-inhibiting concrete admixtures, 4.2 This test method is useful for development of admix. tures intended to reduce corrosion of reinforcing steel in conerete 4.3 This est method is useful in determining the corrosivity ‘of admixtures toward steel reinforcing if the admixture sample is compared to a control without admixtures. 44 Good performance, a reduction in corrosion rate versus chloride alone by atleast one order of magnitude inthis test, is a strong indication that an admixture is a corrosion inhibitor. However, poor performance requires additional testing (0 determine if the admixture improves corrosion resistance. 4.5 This test method shall not be used to predict perfor- ‘mance in the field, 4.6 The filtering process makes this test not suitable for the evaluation of emulsions 5. Apparatus ‘5.1 The test cell as described in Reference Test Method (i, 5.2 Potentiostat, as described in Reference Test Method G5, capable of varying potential at a constant scan rate and ‘measuring the resulting current 5.3. A method of recording the varying potential and result- ing current is needed. 5.4 Electrode holder such as descr ence Test Method GS. din Fig. 3 of Refer epg AST ners 10 Ba He FO Bok CoH, Cosh. PA E8290 Unt Same {Copsey AST tall eh ese); We Ag 21043 REDT 2021 Donnan byAy G180 - 21 5 Electrodes: 5.5.1 Working electrode, prepared from a 12.7 mm length of 9.5 mm diameter rod stock. Carbon steel C1215 should be used. [Noms 1—Af specimen fems ae wel the han those eile for by this {est method for example ft sheet specimens, cae shouldbe taken ato Intradice crevices which can lead to eroneous results 5.6 Auxiliary Elecirodes—Twa graphite rods or platinized- rsiobium or platinum mesh, 5.7 Reference Electrodes—A saturated calomel electrode with controlled rate of leakage (about 3 Lf) is recom- mended. 6, Reagents and Materials 6.1 Type Il cement (C3A content between 6 % and 10 %), sccording to Specification C1S0/CISOM. 62 Filter paper with 1.1 ym retention. 6.3 PTFE stir bars. 6.4 Carbon steel C1215 samples, cylindrical in shape, with S.1 em? exposed area.* 65 Sodium chloride, reagent grade, according to Specifica- tion D632. {66 Calcium hydroxide, reagent grade. 627 Admixtures tobe tested. 168 Carbon dioxide free compressed air? 7. Experimental Procedure 7.1 Prepare a cement slurry consisting of 1000 g of water ‘and 200 g cement, Mix thoroughly, stir for 60 min and filter. Noms 2—An adninure shouldbe added at a quantity consistent with its addition rte in concree. Water measured at 33 mL (0 963 mL guivalent to Lim? jn conerete. I oer dosages are desire, proportion them based on this rato. 7.2 Filter, and add 4 g/L calcium hydroxide and stir a further 30 mi 7.3 Setup a standard electrochemical cell according to Reference Test Method GS and fil it with 900 mL of filtered slury solution. Purge the cell with carbon dioxide free air. Air flow rate should be at least 300 co/min, 74 Specimen Preparation before Testing: 7.4.1 Degrease the metal sample by cleaning ultrasonically in hexane for 2 min. Ifan ultrasonic bath is not available, soak the samples in hexane and wipe dry 7.4.2 Wet abrade the specimen with 600 grit paper and rinse with deionized water, 7.4.3 Repeat 7.4.1. Make sure the sample is thoroughly dried before mounting it on the electrode holder. ‘Nore 3—This proces removes machine oils and inhibitors hat might > Teste source of pp af the spas how othe ommie a ine IsMetl Suni, AL- sume ype NGO Iya oma serave saps, Pee provide ths lvormton wo ASTM Inara Heatjesters. Your com fens wil ecve caf cosine at's esting he eoyonabe tia ‘Smite, which you may ated "TACO, esr gar generator picly wd for FIR oped ca be ed Copyright by ASTM It a nigts reserve: Wed Apr2t ODSIS EDT INDY » DDovilaiedprited by ‘be om the surface de wo packaging. 7.5 While purging the cell with carbon dioxide free air, precondition the electrode in the solution for 24 h, 75.1 Add NaClto the solution obtained in 7.3 (having been purged for 24 h with CO,-free air), to obtain a 0.5 of a IM solution, and continue to stir and purge for a further 4 h. After 4, stop stirring and continue purging for a anather 20 h. [Non:-4—The multlboratory test was run atthe tw diferent chloride levels to develo he precision statement. The higher ehlode level would be representative of a more severe expe 1.5.2 Measure the open circuit potential. 1.5.3 Measure the polarization resistance (R,) by recording the potentiodynamic polarization curve at a scan rate of, 0.167 mV, from -20 mV to +20 mV versus open circuit potential 7.54 Plot the polarization resistance curve as a linear Potental-current density plot as shown in Practice G3. 7.55 Determine the polarization resistance R,, as the tan- gent of the curve a = 0, as described in Test Method G59. The ‘corrosion rate is expressed as 1/R, in yS/em*, Nowe S—An example of plariation resistance curve is given in xi 8. Interpretation of Results 8.1 An admintureis behaving a a corrosion inhibitor in this test method ifthe average log g(1/R,) valu i 1.0 oF less than that ofthe chloride only average 8.2 If the admixture does not reduce average 1/R, by an ‘order of magnitude another test method is needed to determine if i is an inhibitor. 8.3 An admixture thet increases average I/R, by an order of ‘magnitude over a slurry without chloride or inhibitor is, [Nore 6—The change in logy/ UR) by 1.0 is an order of magnitude change in 1/R,. Log values ae asf ul in comping crrsion rte since fates from diferent specimens or conditions can difer by crder of ‘magnitode making near scale less useful 9. Report 9.1 Report the following information 9.1.1 Value of the open circuit potential (OCP) versus SCE, and 8.1.2 Corrosion rate given by 1/R, in Siem? 10. Precision and Bias 10.1. Based on the pooled estimates of precision, the follow- ing statement of precision and bias can be made: 10.1.1 Inerlaboraory Test Program—An interlaboratory study of a pore solution test for corrosion inhibiting admixtures for stec! reinforcement in concrete was conducted in 2001. Each of six laboratories tested two randomly drawn samples of each of four materials (two sodium chloride solutions, 0.5M ‘and 1,0M, each with and without 35 mL/L of @ solution * Supporting aa have bse led ASTM Ineniona Heiguarsu y te chained by gusting Rscch Rept RRCOI 102Ay atso - 21 containing 30 % calcium nitrite). Practice E591 was followed for the design and analysis of the study. 10.1.2 Single-Operaior Precision—The single operator standard deviation of the logarithm to the base 10 of a single {est results 0.36, Therefore, logyo(1/R,) values of two properly conducted tests by the same operator should not differ by more than 1.0, 10.1.3 Interlaboratory Precision—The interlaboratory stan- dard deviation of the logarithm to the base 10 of a single test result is 0.44. Therefore, log o(1/R,) values of two properly conducted tests in different laboratories should not differ by more than 1.24 Nove 7—These numbers represent, respectively, the (Is) and (2s) limite as deseribed in Practice ©6570, 10.2 Bias—Since there is no accepted reference material suitable for determining the bias in this test method, no statement on bias is made, U1, Keywords 11.1 admixtures; cement; corrosion inhibitors; slury; solu- tion APPENDIX (Nonmandatory Information) X1. PRECISION CALCULATIONS X11. Information on the precision ofthe results obtained by this test method was derived from an interlaboratory test with two samples for each molarity tested, per laboratory. Six laboratories participated in the study. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Practice E691 Interlaboratory Data Analysis Software. Results are shown in the attached Table A for UR,, measurements. Values of repeatability (S,, 7), and reproducibility (Sp, R) are for the logarith:. (base 10) of UR, where 5,7, Sp, and R are defined as follows: S, = repeatability standard deviation (log(S/em"] (Is), r= 95% repeatability limit within a laboratory [log(yS! em] (24s), i Se = reproducibility standard deviation [log(yS/em*] (1s), ‘and R = 95% reproducibility limit between laboratories logS/em?} 24s). X12 This study meets the minimum requirements for de- termining precision prescribed in Practice E591 in terms of the number of laboratories, materials and determinations (see Table X11). X13 Fig. X11 is a graph of r and R versus average (logio(1/R,) + 1]. Because the ASTM data analysis software does not aecept negative numbers, a value of | was added to every logi(I/R,) value. Adding a constant 10 all values does rot change the Standard deviation estimates, It does, however, ‘change the calculated averages. In Table XI.1, the average values were corrected by subtracting 1 from the software ‘output. In Fig. XI-1, the average values were not corrected. ‘There is no indication that precision varies systematically with average level. Therefore, pooled estimates of precision were determined which should be valid over the range of UR, ‘encompassed in the interlaboratory study. X14 The consistency statistics for log ,(1/R,) by laboratory and by material, are shown in Figs, X1.2 and X13, respec Copyright by ASTM In al gcse: Wed Ape 21 C0818 EDT 228 5 Downiadepitd by ‘TABLE X1.1 Statistical Analysis of Corrosion Potential Data Practice £691 Inleriaboratory Data Analysis Software ‘TW ramter of aberattes, mslrais, are eterination th dy DOES ttn rir ero oming ececnpscteed mPa The rates E591 ——<— sy “tain Laser © é Vatole “ 2 Detemiretone 2 2 Precen Salona © Tet Was Preston and ered ! Log! for Each Maal Prosi, caractonaedby rope (Sard Toprol (SF has ‘boo demi forthe marl oD iors merge SS “pn $reg Sa eS a OSMNACI+caqNoy, 04 ©0340 OBST ‘ow Nac te ot 028 wm cae OM NaCl oa) 043 043 _120_120 Precio ard Rereaucibnty ef. /R) Pooled Over Nera weg eR (A amonsone a6 Lope a a tively. The h statistic examines consistency of test results from laboratory to laboratory. The k statistic examines consistency of within-laboratory precision from laboratory to laboratory. In these plots, the horizontal lines are the critical values for h and atthe 0.5 % statistical significance level. There are a couple of excursions beyond the critical values for h or kin each plot, but there are no consistent patterns of concer in the plots. Therefore, the data appear consistent for purposes of this analysis X15 Fig. XI4 is an example of a polarization resistanceAy 180 - 21 Repeatability(r) 2.000 1.500 ©, R, or randR 1.000 0.500 0,000 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 2.000 1.500 1.000 0.500 0.000 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 Average Logio(1/Rp) +1 FIG. X1.1 rand R versus Material Average® Analysis: Log.(V/,) + 1 hy AST et i ety Wd gD 4fly cr00- 21 Analysis: Logyo(1/Rp) + 1 1 | a nl ater eet eae 6 LAB: 1 2 3 4 5 FIG. X1.2 Consistency Statistics by Laboratory ‘Analysis: Logyt/A) + 4 Analysis: Logyg(1/Rp) + 1 : S| eel Tat feet | 2 3 4 FIG, X1.2 Consistency Statistics by Material ‘Analysis: Logy (/R,) + 1 Cony by ASTM int all ahs resers Wed Ape21 QUE IKEDT IAT g emisfy 180 - 21 x» z 3 Ry=ae/as Eo “20 -150 -100 050 0.00 080 ‘Current density (wA/cm?) FIG. X1.4 Polartzation Resistance Curve ‘ASTM itoratona ates ro poston especie vay of ary pater rats assorted in conection wth ay tam manson \nime sansa Usor of hs standard ar axes acicd ta aetrminaion a he val any uch patent ts, and he Pk ‘finiagemert of uch rg, ae analy tar own rooponi ‘hs standard 8 sj vevsion a ary tn bythe respenabie lca coneites and! be reviowed very fe yours a ‘otros, eer repprovosormihraum Your comments reid aha fr von te stnsrsor fr aston tarsae nash asses 9 ASTI Irrational Heaapnrars Your armans wilco care coneSpton ta meeting ot he "esponste tcl commit, wich you may ton. you tet a our comments have rt cad a a Peng YOU SPOS ‘mate your views known ote ASTI Conte on Sana, te adores shown Bol is standard is copynated by ASTM inomatora, 100 Bar Harbor Dava PO Box C700, West Conshoocken, PA 19428-2958, Untod Sia. nivel opis (ange or mule cooks) of Wie standard may be eta By cnacirg ASTM ato above baderocs or 610-8320585 (pron), 10-6320555 ax), or conicaOaatmon e-nall cr tough to ASTM wobsle Imenastm cr). Peston igs to phtocpy he stardard may ato be eeced fom the Copy Clarace Contr, 222 Fosewead Dre, Danvers, MA 0125, Tt (378) 6462000, Ps copy con’ Copyright by ASTM ine (a ahs eserves Wed Ape21ODSBIKEDT2INN g Dowden