‫‪Ibnulyemen Arabic‬‬

‫‪Attached Pronouns‬‬

‫ِﻫ َ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ُﻫ َﻮ‬ ‫َﻛ ﱠﻠ َﻤ ْﺘ ِﻨﻲ‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻤﺎ‬
‫ُﻫ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫ُﺗ َﻜ ﱢﻠ َﻤ ِﻨﻲ َﻛ ﱠﻠ َﻤ ِﻨﻲ‬ ‫َﻛ ﱠﻠ َﻤﺎ ِﻧﻲ‬ ‫ُﻫﻢ‬
‫ُﻳـ َﻜ ﱢﻠ َﻤ ِﻨﻲ َﻛ ﱠﻠ ْﻤ َﻨ ِﻨﻲ‬ ‫ُﻳ َﻜ ﱢﻠ َﻤ َ‬
‫ﺎﻧ ِﻨﻲ‬ ‫َﻛ ﱠﻠ ُﻤـ ْﻮ ِﻧﻲ‬
‫َأ َﻧﺎ‬
‫ُﻳ َﻜ ﱢﻠ ْﻤ َﻨ ِﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻀﻤ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ َـ�ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ِﺎﺋﺮُ‬ ‫ُﻳ َﻜ ﱢﻠ ُﻤ ْﻮ َﻧ ِﻨﻲ‬ ‫َأ َﻧﺎ‬
‫َﻛ ﱠﻠ ْﻤ َﻨ َﻨﺎ َﻧ ْﺤ ُﻦ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫�ُﱠ‬ ‫َﻛ ﱠﻠ ُﻤـ ْﻮ َﻧﺎ‬ ‫َﻧ ْﺤ ُﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘ ِﺼﻠ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــ�ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـﺔ‬
‫ُﻳ َﻜ ﱢﻠ ْﻤ َﻨ َﻨﺎ‬ ‫َﻛ ﱠﻠ َﻤ َﻨﺎ‬ ‫َﻛ ﱠﻠ َﻤﺎ َﻧﺎ‬ ‫ُﻳ َﻜ ﱢﻠ ُﻤ ْﻮ َﻧ َﻨﺎ‬

‫ُﻫ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫ُﻳـ َﻜ ﱢﻠ ُﻤ َﻨﺎ‬ ‫َﻛ ﱠﻠ َﻤ ْﺘ َﻨﺎ‬ ‫ُﻳ َﻜ ﱢﻠ َﻤ َ‬

‫ﺎﻧ َﻨﺎ‬ ‫ُﻫﻢ‬
‫ُﻫ َﻮ‬ ‫ُﺗ َﻜ ﱢﻠ ُﻤ َﻨﺎ‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻤﺎ‬

‫ِﻫ َ‬
‫ﻲ‬

‫‪© Ibnulyemen Arabic 2020‬‬

‫‪http://www.ibnulyemenarabic.com/‬‬
 The Attached Pronouns - ‫اﻟﻤ ﱠﺘﺼـــــ ِـــــ َﻠ ُﺔ‬
ُ ‫ﺎﺋ ُﺮ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
ِ ‫اﻟﻀﻤـــــ َـــــ‬
َ ْ ‫ﺼ َﻠ ُﺔ ﺑ‬
ِ ‫ﺎﻷ ْﺳ َﻤ‬
‫ﺎء‬ ْ (‫اﻟﻤ ْﺠ ُﺮ ْو َر ِة‬
ِ ‫اﻟ ُﻤ ﱠﺘ‬ َ ) ‫ﺎﺋ ُﺮ‬ ‫)أ( ﱠ‬
ِ ‫اﻟﻀ َﻤ‬
ِ
Adjective (Genitive) Pronouns Attached to Common Nouns

‫ِﻣ َﺜﺎل‬ ِ ‫ُﻣ ﱠﺘ‬

‫ﺼﻞ‬ ِ ‫ُﻣ ْﻨ َﻔ‬
‫ﺼﻞ‬ ْ
‫اﻟ َﻌ َﺪد‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠ‬
‫ﻀ ِﻤ ْﻴﺮ‬
example attached separate number pronoun type
ْ ‫َﻗ َﻠ ِﻤـﻲ ِﻓﻲ‬
.‫اﻟ َﺤ ِﻘﻴ َﺒ ِﺔ‬ ‫ــﻲ‬ ‫َأ َﻧﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮد‬ َ
‫ﺿ ِﻤ ْﻴ ُﺮ‬
My pen is in the bag. my I singular ْ
‫اﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻜ ﱠﻠ ِﻢ‬
ْ ‫ﺻ ِﺪ ْﻳ ُﻘـ َﻨﺎ ِﻣ َﻦ‬
.‫اﻟ َﻴ َﻤ ِﻦ‬ َ ‫ــ َﻨﺎ‬ ‫َﻧ ْﺤ ُﻦ‬ ‫َﺟ ْﻤﻊ‬
first person
Our friend is from Yemen. our we plural pronoun

.‫اﻟ ُﻐ ْﺮ َﻓ ِﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﻚ ِﻓﻲ‬
َ ‫ﺻ ِﺪ ْﻳ ُﻘـ‬
َ َ ‫ــ‬
‫ﻚ‬ َ ‫َأ ْﻧ‬
‫ﺖ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬
Your friend is in the room. your you masculine ‫ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮد‬
ْ ‫ﻚ َﻳ ْﺠ ِﺮي ِﻓﻲ‬
.‫اﻟ ُﻤ ْﻨ َﺘ َﺰ ِه‬ ِ ‫َﻛ ْﻠ ُﺒـ‬ ِ ‫ــ‬
‫ﻚ‬ ِ ‫َأ ْﻧ‬
‫ﺖ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬ singular

Your dog runs in the park. your you feminine َ

‫ﺿ ِﻤ ْﻴ ُﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺪ ْر َس؟‬ ُ ‫ﻞ َﻳ ْﺸ َﺮ ُح ُأ ْﺳ َﺘ‬
‫ﺎذ ُﻛ َﻤﺎ ﱠ‬ ْ ‫ﻫ‬
َ ‫ــ ُﻜ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫َأ ْﻧ ُﺘ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺜ ﱠﻨﻰ‬ ْ
ِ ‫اﻟ ُـﻤ َﺨﺎ َﻃ‬
‫ﺐ‬
Does your teacher explain the lesson? your you (both) dual (masc. & fem.)
ُ َ َ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫َأ ْﻧ ُﺘﻢ‬
second person
ْ َ ‫َﻗ ْﺪ َو‬ ‫ــ ُﻜﻢ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﻞ أ ُﺑ ْﻮﻛﻢ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ َﻌ َﻤ‬
.‫ﻞ‬ pronoun

Your father has arrived from work. your you (all) masculine ‫َﺟ ْﻤﻊ‬
ْ ‫ﺻ ِﺪ ْﻳ َﻘ ُﺘـ ُﻜ ﱠﻦ َﺗ ْﻄ ُﺒ ُﺦ‬
َ ‫اﻟ َﻌ َﺸ‬
.‫ﺎء‬ َ ‫ــ ُﻜ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫َأ ْﻧ ُﺘ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬ plural

Your friend is cooking dinner. your you (all) feminine

.‫اﻟ ُﻐ ْﺮ َﻓ ِﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﺎﺗ ُﻔـ ُﻪ ِﻓﻲ‬
ِ ‫ﻫ‬َ ‫ــ ﻪ‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻮ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬
His phone is in the room. his he masculine ‫ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮد‬
.‫اﻟﺴ ِﺮ ْﻳ ِﺮ‬
‫ﺖ ﱠ‬ َ ‫َﺣ ِﻘ ْﻴ َﺒ ُﺘـ َﻬﺎ َﺗ ْﺤ‬ ‫ــ َﻬﺎ‬ َ ‫ِﻫ‬
‫ﻲ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬ singular

Her bag is under the bed. her she feminine َ

‫ﺿ ِﻤ ْﻴ ُﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺎر ُﺗـ ُﻬ َﻤﺎ‬
.‫اﻟ َﺠ ِﺪ ْﻳ َﺪ ُة‬ َ
َ ‫ﻫ ِﺬ ِه َﺳ ﱠﻴ‬ ‫ــ ُﻬ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺜ ﱠﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺐ‬
ِ ‫ﺎﺋ‬ ْ
ِ ‫اﻟ َﻐ‬
This is their new car. their they (both) dual
third person
.‫ﻞ‬ ْ ‫ُﻛ ُﺘ ُﺒـ ُﻬﻢ ِﻓﻲ‬
ْ ‫اﻟ َﻔ‬ ‫ــ ُﻬﻢ‬ ‫ُﻫﻢ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﺼ‬ pronoun

Their books are in the classroom. their they masculine ‫َﺟ ْﻤﻊ‬
َ ‫ﺻ ِﺪ ْﻳ َﻘ ُﺘـ ُﻬ ﱠﻦ ِﻫﻴ َﻨﺎ ِﻣ َﻦ‬
َ ‫اﻟﻴ‬
.‫ﺎﺑﺎن‬ َ ‫ــ ُﻬ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫ُﻫ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬ plural

Their friend Hina is from Japan. their They feminine

َ َ َ
These pronouns are like the possessive pronouns in English (my, our, your … etc.), hence ‫ ِﻛﺘ ِﺎبـﻲ‬my book, ‫ ِﻛﺘ ُﺎبـﻨﺎ‬our
ُ ُ َ
book, ‫ ِﻛﺘﺎبـﻬﻢ‬their book, and so forth. They are attached to indefinite nouns and make them definite. structurally, this
َ َ
combination forms a genitive construction ‫ ِإﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬. So, regardless of the position of the genitive construction, the
� ٌ َ ُ
attached pronouns are always in a genitive position ‫ﺎف ِإﻟ ْ� ِﻪ‬‫( ﻣﻀ‬literally, an added noun to a preceding noun).

© Ibnulyemen Arabic - 2020 (1)

 ‫ف َو ﱡ‬
ِ ‫اﻟﻈ ُﺮ ْو‬
‫ف‬ ْ ‫ﺼ َﻠ ُﺔ ِﺑ‬
ِ ‫ﺎﻟ ُﺤ ُﺮ ْو‬ ْ (‫ﺎﺋ ُﺮ )اﻟ َﻤ ْﺠ ُﺮ ْو َر ُة‬
ِ ‫اﻟ ُﻤ ﱠﺘ‬ ‫)ب( ﱠ‬
ِ ‫اﻟﻀ َﻤ‬
Object (Genitive) Pronouns Attached to Prepositions and Adverbs

‫ِﻣ َﺜﺎل‬ ِ ‫ُﻣ ﱠﺘ‬

‫ﺼﻞ‬ ِ ‫ُﻣ ْﻨ َﻔ‬
‫ﺼﻞ‬ ْ
‫اﻟ َﻌ َﺪد‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻀ ِﻤ ْﻴﺮ‬
example attached separate number pronoun type

.‫ﻫ َﺬا ا ْﻟ َﻘ َﻠ ُﻢ ِﻟـﻲ‬

َ ‫ــﻲ‬ ‫َأ َﻧﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮد‬ َ
‫ﺿ ِﻤ ْﻴ ُﺮ‬

‫اﻟﻤ َﺘ َﻜ ﱠﻠ ِﻢ‬
This pen is for me. me I singular
ُ
ُ ‫ﻞ َﺗ ْﺒ َﺤ‬
‫ َﻧﺎ(؟‬+ ‫ﺚ َﻋـ ﱠﻨﺎ ) َﻋ ْﻦ‬ ْ ‫ﻫ‬
َ ‫ــ َﻨﺎ‬ ‫َﻧ ْﺤ ُﻦ‬ ‫َﺟ ْﻤﻊ‬
first person
Are you looking for us? Us we plural pronoun

َ ‫َأ َﻧﺎ َﻓ ُﺨ ْﻮ ٌر ِﺑـ‬

.‫ﻚ‬ َ ‫ــ‬
‫ﻚ‬ َ ‫َأ ْﻧ‬
‫ﺖ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬
I am proud of you. you you masculine ‫ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮد‬
.‫ﻚ‬ َ ‫ُأ ِر ْﻳ ُﺪ َأ ْن َأ َﺗ َﺤ ﱠﺪ‬
ِ ‫ث َﻣ َﻌـ‬ ِ ‫ــ‬
‫ﻚ‬ ِ ‫َأ ْﻧ‬
‫ﺖ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬ singular

I want to speak with you. you you feminine َ

‫ﺿ ِﻤ ْﻴ ُﺮ‬
!‫ ِا ْﻧ َﺘ ِﺒ َﻬﺎ‬،‫اﻟﺴ ﱠﻴﺎ َر ُة َﺧ ْﻠ َﻔـ ُﻜ َﻤﺎ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫ــ ُﻜ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫َأ ْﻧ ُﺘ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺜ ﱠﻨﻰ‬ ْ
َ ‫اﻟ ُـﻤ َﺨ‬
‫ﺐ‬
ِ ‫ﺎﻃ‬
The car is behind you, be careful! you you (both) dual (masc. & fem.)

‫َأ ْﻧ ُﺘﻢ‬
second person
.‫ﺎﺋ َﻔ ٌﺔ ِﻣ ْﻨـ ُﻜﻢ‬
ِ ‫ﻲ َﺧ‬
َ ‫ِﻫ‬ ‫ــ ُﻜﻢ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬ pronoun

She is afraid of you. you you (all) masculine ‫َﺟ ْﻤﻊ‬

َ ‫ﺎر ُة َأ َﻣ‬
.‫ﺎﻣـ ُﻜ ﱠﻦ‬ َ ‫َﺳ َﺘ ْﺠ ِﻠ ُﺲ َﺳ‬ ‫ــ ُﻜ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫َأ ْﻧ ُﺘ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬ plural

Sarah will sit in front of you. you you (all) feminine

‫ﺐ ِﺑ ُﺪ ْو َﻧـ ُﻪ‬ َ ‫َﺳ َﻨ ْﺬ‬

ُ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ــ ﻪ‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻮ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬
We will go without him. him he masculine ‫ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮد‬
َ ‫ﺖ َﺑ ْﻌ َﺪ‬
.‫ﻫﺎ‬ َ ‫َد َﺧ ْﻠ َﻨﺎ‬
َ ‫اﻟﺒ ْﻴ‬ ‫ــ َﻬﺎ‬ َ ‫ِﻫ‬
‫ﻲ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬ singular

We entered the house after her. her she feminine َ

‫ﺿ ِﻤ ْﻴ ُﺮ‬
.‫َﻟ ْﻦ َأ ْﻋ َﺘ ِﻤ َﺪ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴـ ِﻬ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫ــ ُﻬ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺜ ﱠﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺐ‬ ِ ‫ا ْﻟ َﻐ‬
ِ ‫ﺎﺋ‬
I won’t rely on them. them they (both) dual
third person
.‫ﺖ ِإ َﻟ ْﻴـ ِﻬﻢ‬ َ ‫َذ‬
ُ ‫ﻫ ْﺒ‬ ‫ــ ُﻬﻢ‬ ‫ُﻫﻢ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬ pronoun

I went to them. them they masculine ‫َﺟ ْﻤﻊ‬

.‫ﺻ ْﻠ َﻨﺎ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻠـ ُﻬ ﱠﻦ‬
َ ‫َو‬ ‫ــ ُﻬ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫ُﻫ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬ plural

We arrived before them. them they feminine

� ُ ُْ ُ � َ � � � �
These pronouns are attached to prepositions ‫ف اﻟ َﺠ ﱢﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮو‬, such as ‫‘ ِﻓـﻲ‬in’ (‫ ِﻓ ْ�ـ َﻬﺎ‬in it), ‫‘ ِإﻟـﻰ‬to’ (‫ ِإﻟ ْ�ـﻨﺎ‬to us), and �‫‘ َﻋ‬on’ (‫َﻋﻠ ْ�ـكﻢ‬
� َ� ُ ُْ � َ ْ َ ُ َ ْ َ َ � َ ‫ﱠ‬ ُ َ� َ
on � you) and adverbs� of place ‫ﺎن‬ ِ �‫ﻇﺮوف اﻟﻤ‬, such as ‫‘ ﺗﺤﺖ‬under’ (‫ ﺗﺤﺘـﻪ‬under him) , ‫‘ ﺧﻠﻒ‬behind’ (‫ ﺧﻠﻔـﻬﻦ‬behind them), and
‫‘ أ َﻣ َﺎم‬in front of’ (‫ أ َﻣ ِﺎﻣـﻲ‬in front of me).They are more like the object of prepositions in English, that is the nouns or
pronouns that follows the preposition. In Arabic, nouns and pronouns that follow prepositions are called ‫ ِا ْﺳ ُﻢ َﻣ ْﺠ ُﺮ ْور‬, that
� ‫ ﱠ‬.
is they are in the genitive case. So, these attached pronouns are called ‫اﻟﻀ َﻤ ِﺎﺋ ُﺮ اﻟ َﻤ ْﺠ ُﺮ ْو َرة‬

© Ibnulyemen Arabic - 2020 (2)

 ْ ُ َ ِ ‫اﻟ ُﻤ ﱠﺘ‬
ْ (‫ﺎﻋﻞ )اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْﻓﻊ‬ ْ ِ ‫ﺿ َﻤ‬
ِ ‫اﻟﻤ‬
‫ﺎﺿﻲ‬ َ ‫ﻞ‬ِ ‫ﺼﻠﺔ ِﺑﺎﻟ ِﻔ ْﻌ‬ ِ ِ ِ ‫ﺎﺋ ُﺮ اﻟ َﻔ‬ َ (‫)ج‬
Subject (Nominative) Pronouns Attached to Perfective (past) Verbs

‫ِﻣ َﺜﺎل‬ ِ ‫ُﻣ ﱠﺘ‬

‫ﺼﻞ‬ ِ ‫ُﻣ ْﻨ َﻔ‬
‫ﺼﻞ‬ ْ
‫اﻟ َﻌ َﺪد‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠ‬
‫ﻀ ِﻤ ْﻴﺮ‬
example attached separate number pronoun type

.‫ق َأ ْﻣ ِﺲ‬ ‫ﺖ ِإ َﻟﻰ ﱡ‬

ِ ‫اﻟﺴ ْﻮ‬ َ ‫َذ‬
ُ ‫ﻫ ْﺒ‬ ُ ‫ــ‬
‫ﺖ‬ ‫َأ َﻧﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮد‬ َ
‫ﺿ ِﻤ ْﻴ ُﺮ‬
I went to the market yesterday. I I singular ْ
‫اﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻜ ﱠﻠ ِﻢ‬
.‫اﻟ ُﺠ ُﻠ ْﻮ ِس‬
ْ ‫ﻏ ْﺮ َﻓ ِﺔ‬
ُ ‫َﺟ َﻠ ْﺴـ َﻨﺎ ِﻓﻲ‬
ْ ‫ــ َﻨﺎ‬ ‫َﻧ ْﺤ ُﻦ‬ ‫َﺟ ْﻤﻊ‬
first person
We sat in the living room. we we plural pronoun

‫ﺐ؟‬
َ ‫اﺟ‬ ْ ‫ﺖ‬
ِ ‫اﻟ َﻮ‬ َ ‫ﻞ َﻛ َﺘ ْﺒـ‬
ْ ‫ﻫ‬
َ َ ‫ــ‬
‫ﺖ‬ َ ‫َأ ْﻧ‬
‫ﺖ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬
Did you write the homework? you you masculine ‫ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮد‬
‫اﻟﻌ َﺮ ِﺑ ﱠﻴ َﺔ؟‬ ‫ﺖ ﱡ‬
َ ‫اﻟﻠ َﻐ َﺔ‬ ِ ‫َأ ْﻳ َﻦ َد َر ْﺳـ‬ ِ ‫ــ‬
‫ﺖ‬ ِ ‫َأ ْﻧ‬
‫ﺖ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬ singular

Where did you study Arabic language? you you feminine َ

‫ﺿ ِﻤ ْﻴ ُﺮ‬
َ ‫َأ ْﻳ َﻦ َذ‬
‫ﻫ ْﺒـ ُﺘ َﻤﺎ؟‬ ‫ــ ُﺘ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫َأ ْﻧ ُﺘ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺜ ﱠﻨﻰ‬ ْ
َ ‫اﻟ ُـﻤ َﺨ‬
‫ﺐ‬
ِ ‫ﺎﻃ‬
Where did you (both) go? you you (both) dual (masc. & fem.)

‫َأ ْﻧ ُﺘﻢ‬
second person
‫ﺎرا َة؟‬ ُ ‫ﺎﻫ ْﺪ ُﺗ ُﻢ‬
َ ‫اﻟﻤ َﺒ‬ َ ‫ﻞ َﺷ‬
ْ ‫ﻫ‬
َ ‫ــ ُﺘﻢ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬ pronoun

Did you (all) watch the match? you you (all) masculine ‫َﺟ ْﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺐ؟‬
َ ‫اﺟ‬ َ ‫ﻞ َﻛ َﺘ ْﺒـ ُﺘ ﱠﻦ‬
ِ ‫اﻟﻮ‬ ْ ‫ﻫ‬
َ ‫ــ ُﺘ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫َأ ْﻧ ُﺘ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬ plural

Did you (all) write the homework? you you (all) Feminine

.‫ق‬ ‫ﺐ ِإ َﻟﻰ ﱡ‬
ِ ‫اﻟﺴ ْﻮ‬ َ ‫َذ‬
َ ‫ﻫ‬ * ‫ــ‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻮ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬
He went to the market. he he Masculine ‫ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮد‬
َ ‫ﺖ ِإ َﻟﻰ‬
.‫اﻟﻤ ْﺪ َر َﺳ ِﺔ‬ َ ‫َذ‬
ْ ‫ﻫ َﺒـ‬ ْ ‫ــ* )ــ‬
(‫ﺖ‬ َ ‫ِﻫ‬
‫ﻲ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬ singular

She went to (the) school. she she Feminine

‫ﺎن َﻛ َﺘ َﺒـ َﺘﺎ ﱠ‬

.‫اﻟﺪ ْر َس‬ ِ ‫اﻟ ِﺒ ْﻨ َﺘ‬ َ
‫ﺿ ِﻤ ْﻴ ُﺮ‬
‫ ــ َﺘﺎ‬/ ‫ــﺎ‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺜ ﱠﻨﻰ‬
The 2 girls (they ‘both’) wrote the lesson.
‫ﺐ‬
ِ ‫ﺎﺋ‬ ْ
ِ ‫اﻟ َﻐ‬
‫ان َﻛ َﺘ َﺒـﺎ ﱠ‬ َ َ
.‫اﻟﺪ ْر َس‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻮﻟ َﺪ‬
they
they (both) dual
(both) third person
The 2 boys (they ‘both’) wrote the lesson. pronoun

.‫اﻟﺼ ْﻴ َﻦ‬ َ ‫َﻣﺎ َﺳ‬

‫ﺎﻓ ُﺮ ْوا ِإ َﻟﻰ ﱢ‬ ‫ــﻮا‬ ‫ُﻫﻢ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬
They did not travel to China. they they Masculine ‫َﺟ ْﻤﻊ‬
.‫اﻟﻐ ْﺮ َﻓ ِﺔ‬
ُ ‫ﺎت َﻟ ِﻌ ْﺒـ َﻦ ِﻓﻲ‬
ُ ‫اﻟﺒ َﻨ‬
َ ‫ــ َﻦ‬ ‫ُﻫ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬ plural

The girls (they) played in the room. they they feminine

� � َ � �
These pronouns are attached to the perfective (past) verb �‫ﺎ‬ ‫ض‬ َ ُ ْ
‫اﻟ ِﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤ ِ ي‬, such as ‫‘ ﻛ َﺘ ْبـ ُﺖ‬I wrote’, ‫‘ ﻛ َﺘ ْبـﻨﺎ‬we wrote’ ‫‘ ﻛ َﺘ ُبـﻮا‬they
َ ُ ْ َ
wrote’ and so forth. They function as a subject ‫ﻓ ِﺎﻋﻞ‬, hence nominative ‫ َﻣ ْﺮﻓ ْﻮ َﻋﺔ‬and are called ‫‘ ﺿ َﻤ ِﺎﺋ ُﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺮﻓ �ﻊ‬nominative
pronouns.’ The (*) indicates that the subject is implied �‫( ُﻣ ْﺴ َﺘ ِ ت‬not overt) and is often understood from the structure of
ْ ‫ ـ‬/ ‫( ـﺘ ـ‬in red) is the feminine marker (not the subject).
the verb; the ‫ـﺖ‬

© Ibnulyemen Arabic - 2020 (3)

 ْ ُ َ ِ ‫اﻟ ُﻤ ﱠﺘ‬
ْ (‫ﺐ‬ ‫ل) ﱠ‬ ْ ْ ِ ‫ﺿ َﻤ‬ َ (‫)د‬
ِ ‫اﻟﻤ‬
‫ﺎﺿﻲ‬ َ ‫ﻞ‬ِ ‫ﺼﻠﺔ ِﺑﺎﻟ ِﻔ ْﻌ‬ ْ ‫اﻟﻨ‬
ِ ‫ﺼ‬ ِ ‫ﺎﺋ ُﺮ اﻟ َﻤﻔ ُﻌ ْﻮ‬
Object (Accusative) Pronouns Attached to Perfective (past) Verbs

‫ِﻣ َﺜﺎل‬ ِ ‫ُﻣ ﱠﺘ‬

‫ﺼﻞ‬ ِ ‫ُﻣ ْﻨ َﻔ‬
‫ﺼﻞ‬ ْ
‫اﻟ َﻌ َﺪد‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠ‬
‫ﻀ ِﻤ ْﻴﺮ‬
example attached separate number pronoun type

ْ ‫ﻫ‬
‫ﻞ َﺳ ِﻤ ْﻌـ َﺘـ ِﻨـﻲ؟‬ َ ‫ــﻲ‬ ‫َأ َﻧﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮد‬ َ
‫ﺿ ِﻤ ْﻴ ُﺮ‬
Did you hear me? me I singular ْ
‫اﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻜ ﱠﻠ ِﻢ‬
.‫ار َﻧﺎ ﻣُ َﺤﻤﱠ ٌﺪ َأ ْﻣ ِﺲ‬
َ ‫َز‬ ‫ــ َﻨﺎ‬ ‫َﻧ ْﺤ ُﻦ‬ ‫َﺟ ْﻤﻊ‬
first person
Mohammed visited us yesterday. us we plural pronoun

.‫ﺐ‬ َ ‫ﻚ َأ ْن َأ ْذ‬
َ ‫ﻫ‬ َ ‫َو َﻋ ْﺪ ُﺗ‬ َ ‫ــ‬
‫ﻚ‬ َ ‫َأ ْﻧ‬
‫ﺖ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬
I promised you to go. you you masculine ‫ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮد‬
ِ ‫َﻣﺎ َﺳ ِﻤ ْﻌ ُﺘـ‬
.‫ﻚ‬ ِ ‫ــ‬
‫ﻚ‬ ِ ‫َأ ْﻧ‬
‫ﺖ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬ singular

I did not hear you. you you feminine َ

‫ﺿ ِﻤ ْﻴ ُﺮ‬
.‫َﻣﺎ َﺳ ِﻤ ْﻌـ ُﺘــ ُﻜ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫ــ ُﻜ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫َأ ْﻧ ُﺘ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺜ ﱠﻨﻰ‬ ْ
َ ‫اﻟ ُـﻤ َﺨ‬
‫ﺐ‬
ِ ‫ﺎﻃ‬
I did not hear you (both). you you (both) dual (masc. & fem.)
second person
‫ﻟِ َﻤﺎ َذا َﻃ َﺮ َد ُﻛ ُﻢ اﻟﻤُ ﻌَ ﱢﻠ ُﻢ؟‬ ‫ــ ُﻜﻢ‬ ‫َأ ْﻧ ُﺘﻢ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬ pronoun

Why did the teacher dismiss you (all)? you you (all) masculine ‫َﺟ ْﻤﻊ‬
ُ ْ َ ْ َ ‫ــ ُﻜ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫َأ ْﻧ ُﺘ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬
‫ﻫﻞ أﺧ َﺒ َﺮﻛ ﱠﻦ ﻋَ ﻠ ﱞ‬
‫ِﻲ؟‬ plural

Did Ali inform you (all)? you you (all) Feminine

ِ ‫َﺳ ْﻤ ِﻌﻨَـﺎ ُه َﻳ‬

.‫ﺼ ْﻴ ُﺢ‬ ‫ـــﻪ‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻮ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬
We heard him screaming. him he Masculine ‫ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮد‬
ْ ‫ﻫﺎ إ َﻟﻰ‬ َ َ
َ ‫اﻟ ِﻌ َﻴ‬
.‫ﺎد ِة‬ ِ َ ْ‫ﻗ ْﺪ أ َﺧ ُﺬو‬ ‫ــ َـﻬﺎ‬ َ ‫ِﻫ‬
‫ﻲ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬ singular

They already took her to the clinic. her she Feminine

َ
‫ﺿ ِﻤ ْﻴ ُﺮ‬
.‫ع‬ ‫َر َأ ْﻳ ُﺘـ ُـﻬ َﻤﺎ ِﻓﻲ ﱠ‬ ‫ــ ُﻬ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺜ ﱠﻨﻰ‬
ِ ‫ﺎر‬
ِ ‫اﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ْ
ِ ‫اﻟ َﻐ‬
ِ ‫ﺎﺋ‬
them
I saw them (both) on the street. they (both) dual
(both) third person
ْ ‫ﺎﻫ ْﺪ َﻧﺎ ُﻫﻢ ِﻓﻲ‬
.‫اﻟ ُﻤ ْﻨ َﺘ َﺰ ِه‬ َ ‫َﺷ‬ ‫ــ ُـﻬﻢ‬ ‫ُﻫﻢ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬
pronoun

We saw them in the park. them they Masculine ‫َﺟ ْﻤﻊ‬

.‫ﺎﺣ َﺔ‬ ‫َﻋ ﱠﻠ ْﻤـ ُﺘـ ُﻬ ﱠﻦ ﱢ‬
َ ‫اﻟﺴ َﺒ‬ ‫ــ ُـﻬ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫ُﻫ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬ plural

I taught them swimming. them they feminine

These pronouns are attached to the perfective (past) verb �‫ﺎ‬ َ ‫ �اﻟ ِﻔ ْﻌ ُﻞ‬, such as ‫‘ َﺳﻤ ْﻌـﺘـ ِﻨـﻲ‬you heard me’, ‫‘ َﺳﻤ ُﻌـﻮ َﻧﺎ‬they
‫اﻟﻤ ِض‬
‫ي‬ ِ ِ
ْ
heard us’ ‫‘ َﺳ ِﻤ َﻌ ْـﺘـ ُﻬﻢ‬she heard them’, and so forth. They function as an object ‫( َﻣﻔ ُﻌ ْﻮل‬i.e. the receiver of the action), hence
ْ ‫ﱠ‬
accusative ‫ َﻣﻨ ُﺼ ْ� َ�ﺔ‬and are called ‫‘ َﺿ َﻤ ِﺎﺋ ُﺮ اﻟﻨ ْﺼ ِﺐ‬accusative pronouns.’ The nouns / attached pronouns in red are subject
َ ُ َ َ َ
pronouns ‫( ﺿﻤ ِﺎﺋﺮ ﻓ ِﺎﻋ ٍﻞ‬i.e. doers of the action), that is the subject ‫ ﻓ ِﺎﻋﻞ‬of the verb.

© Ibnulyemen Arabic - 2020 (4)

 ُ ْ ‫ﻀﺎر‬ ْ ُ َ ِ ‫اﻟ ُﻤ ﱠﺘ‬
ْ (‫ﺎﻋﻞ )اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْﻓﻊ‬ ْ ِ ‫ﺿ َﻤ‬
ِ ِ َ ‫اﻟﻤ‬
ِ ‫ع اﻟ َﻤ ْﺮﻓ‬
‫ﻮع‬ ُ ‫ﻞ‬ ِ ‫ﺼﻠﺔ ِﺑﺎﻟ ِﻔ ْﻌ‬ ِ ِ ِ ‫ﺎﺋ ُﺮ اﻟ َﻔ‬ َ (‫)ﻫـ‬
Subject (Nominative) Pronouns Attached to Indicative Imperfective (present) Verbs

‫ِﻣ َﺜﺎل‬ ِ ‫ُﻣ ﱠﺘ‬

‫ﺼﻞ‬ ِ ‫ُﻣ ْﻨ َﻔ‬
‫ﺼﻞ‬ ْ
‫اﻟ َﻌ َﺪد‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠ‬
‫ﻀ ِﻤ ْﻴﺮ‬
example attached separate number pronoun type
‫ق ُﻛ ﱠ‬
.‫ﻞ ُﺟ ْﻤ َﻌ ٍﺔ‬ ‫ﺐ ِإ َﻟﻰ ﱡ‬
ِ ‫اﻟﺴ ْﻮ‬ َ ‫َأ ْذ‬
ُ ‫ﻫ‬ * ..‫َأ‬ ‫َأ َﻧﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮد‬ َ
‫ﺿ ِﻤ ْﻴ ُﺮ‬
I go to the market every Friday. I I singular ْ
‫اﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻜ ﱠﻠ ِﻢ‬
.‫اء‬ ْ ‫ب‬
ِ ‫اﻟ َﻘ ْﻬ َﻮ َة َﺑ ْﻌ َﺪ اﻟ َﻐ َﺪ‬ ُ ‫َﻧـ ْﺸ َﺮ‬ * ..‫َﻧـ‬ ‫َﻧ ْﺤ ُﻦ‬ ‫َﺟ ْﻤﻊ‬
first person
We drink coffee after lunch. we we plural pronoun
َ ْ ‫ﻞ َﺗـ َﺘ َﻜ ﱠﻠ ُﻢ‬
‫اﻷ ْﻟ َﻤﺎ ِﻧ ﱠﻴ َﺔ؟‬ ْ ‫ﻫ‬
َ * ..‫َﺗـ‬ َ ‫َأ ْﻧ‬
‫ﺖ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬
do you speak German? you you masculine ‫ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮد‬
‫اﻟﻌ َﺮ ِﺑ ﱠﻴ َﺔ؟‬
َ ‫اﻟﻠ َﻐ َﺔ‬ ِ ‫ ْﻳ َﻦ َأ ْﻳ َﻦ َﺗـ ْﺪ ُر‬..‫َﺗـ‬
‫ﺳـ ْﻴ َﻦ ﱡ‬ ِ ‫َأ ْﻧ‬
‫ﺖ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬ singular

Where do you study Arabic language? you you feminine َ

‫ﺿ ِﻤ ْﻴ ُﺮ‬
‫ﺎن ُﻛ َﺮ َة اﻟ ﱠﺴ ﱠﻠ ِﺔ؟‬ ْ ْ ‫ﻫ‬
ِ ‫ﻞ َﺗـﻠ َﻌ َﺒ‬ َ ِ ..‫َﺗـ‬
‫ان‬ ‫َأ ْﻧ ُﺘ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺜ ﱠﻨﻰ‬ ْ
ِ ‫اﻟ ُـﻤ َﺨﺎ َﻃ‬
‫ﺐ‬
Do you (both) play basketball? you you (both) dual (masc. & fem.)

‫َأ ْﻧ ُﺘﻢ‬
second person
َ ‫ ْو َن ﻟِ َﻤ‬..‫َﺗـ‬
‫ﺎذا َﺗـ ْﺠ ِﻠ ُﺴ ْﻮ َن ُﻫ َﻨﺎ؟‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬ pronoun

Why do you sit here? you you (all) masculine ‫َﺟ ْﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻞ َﺗـ ْﺪ ُر ْﺳـ َﻦ اﻟ ﱢﻄ ﱠ‬
‫ﺐ؟‬ َ ‫ﻫ‬
َ َ ‫ ـ‬..‫َﺗـ‬
‫ـﻦ‬ ‫َأ ْﻧ ُﺘ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬ plural

Do you study medicine? you you (all) feminine

ْ ‫ﻫ‬
َ ‫ﻞ ﻳَ ْﺪ ُر ُس اﻟ ِﻜ ْﻴ ِﻤ َﻴ‬
‫ﺎء؟‬ َ * ..‫ﻳَـ‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻮ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬
Does he study chemistry? he he masculine ‫ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮد‬
‫ﺐ اﻟ ِﻐ َﻨﺎ َء؟‬ ِ ‫ﻞ ُﺗـ‬
‫ﺤ ﱡ‬ ْ ‫ﻫ‬
َ * ..‫َﺗـ‬ َ ‫ِﻫ‬
‫ﻲ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬ singular

She likes singing. she she feminine

ِ ‫ﺎﺿ ﱠﻴ‬
.‫ﺎت‬ ِ ‫اﻟﺮ َﻳ‬
‫ﺎن ﱠ‬ِ ‫ﺎن َﺗـ ْﺪ ُر َﺳـ‬
ِ ‫اﻟﺒ ْﻨ َﺘ‬
ِ
ِ ..‫ﻳَ ـ‬
‫ان‬
َ
‫ﺿ ِﻤ ْﻴ ُﺮ‬
‫ُﻫ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺜ ﱠﻨﻰ‬ ْ
ِ ‫اﻟ َﻐ‬
The 2 girls (they both) study math.
‫ﺐ‬
ِ ‫ﺎﺋ‬
.‫ﺎر ْﻳ َﺦ‬ ِ ‫ان ﻳَـ ْﺪ ُر َﺳـ‬
‫ﺎن ﱠ‬
ِ ‫اﻟﺘ‬ َ َ
ِ ‫اﻟﻮﻟ َﺪ‬ ِ ..‫َﺗـ‬
‫ان‬ they (both) dual
third person
they (both)
The 2 boys (they both) study history. pronoun

‫ﺎﻓ ُﺮ ْو َن ِإ َﻟﻰ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﻴ َﻦ؟‬ ْ ‫ﻫ‬
ِ ‫ﻞ َﺳ ُﻴـ َﺴ‬ َ ‫ ْو َن‬..‫ﻳَ ـ‬ ‫ُﻫﻢ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬
Will they travel to China? they they masculine ‫َﺟ ْﻤﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺤ ْﻔ َﻠ ِﺔ؟‬
َ ‫ﻫ ْﺒـ َﻦ ِإ َﻟﻰ‬
َ ‫ﻫﻞ َﺳـ َﺘـ ْﺬ‬
َ ‫ــﻦ‬
َ ..‫ﻳَـ‬ ‫ُﻫ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬ plural

Will they go to the party? they they feminine

ُ ُ � ُ ُ ‫ �اﻟ ِﻔ ْﻌ ُﻞ‬, such as ‫‘ َ� �� ُﺘ ُبـ ْﻮ َن‬they write
These pronouns are attached to the indicative imperfective (present) verb ‫اﻟﻤ َﻀ �ﺎرع اﻟ َﻤ ْﺮﻓ�ع‬
َ
/ are writing’, ‫ﺎن‬ ‫‘ َ� ْﺠﻠ َﺴـ‬they both sit / are sitting’ ‫‘ ﺗـ ْﺴ َﻤ ْﻌـ َﻦ‬you all (fem.) hear / are hearing’ and so forth. They function as a
َ ِ ِ ُ ْ‫َ َ ُ ﱠ‬
subject ‫ﻓ ِﺎﻋﻞ‬, hence nominative ‫ َﻣ ْﺮﻓ ْﻮ َﻋﺔ‬and are called ‫اﻟﺮﻓ �ﻊ‬ ‫‘ ﺿﻤ ِﺎﺋﺮ‬nominative pronouns.’ The (*) indicates that the
subject is implied �‫( ُﻣ ْﺴ َﺘ ِ ت‬not overt) and is often understood from the structure of the verb; prefixes in red indicate the
present tense and hint at what the subject is, that is from these prefixes it can be deduced what the implied subject
َ
�‫ ﻓ ِﺎﻋ ٌﻞ ُﻣ ْﺴ َﺘ ِ ت‬is.

© Ibnulyemen Arabic - 2020 (5)

 ْ ‫ب َو‬ ُ ‫ع ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻨ‬ ْ ُ َ ِ ‫اﻟ ُﻤ ﱠﺘ‬
ْ (‫ﺎﻋﻞ )اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْﻓﻊ‬ ْ ِ ‫ﺿ َﻤ‬
‫اﻟ َﻤ ْﺠ ُﺰ ْو ِم‬ ِ ‫ﺼ ْﻮ‬ ِ ‫ﺎر‬
ِ ‫ﻀ‬َ ‫اﻟﻤ‬
ُ ‫ﻞ‬ ِ ‫ﺼﻠﺔ ِﺑﺎﻟ ِﻔ ْﻌ‬ ِ ِ ِ ‫ﺎﺋ ُﺮ اﻟ َﻔ‬ َ (‫)و‬
Subject (Nominative) Pronouns Attached to Subjunctive and Jussive (present) Verbs

ٌ ‫ِﻣ َﺜ‬
‫ﺎل‬ ٌ ‫ﺼ‬
‫ﻞ‬ ِ ‫ُﻣ ﱠﺘ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ِ ‫ُﻣ ْﻨ َﻔ‬
ٌ ‫ﺼ‬ ْ
‫اﻟ َﻌ َﺪ ُد‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠ‬
‫ﻀ ِﻤ ْﻴ ُﺮ‬
example attached separate number pronoun type
ْ ‫اﻟﺴ ْﻮق‬
.‫اﻟ َﻴ ْﻮ َم‬ ِ ‫ﺐ ِإﻟﻰ ﱡ‬ َ ‫َﻟ ْﻦ َأ ْذ‬
َ َ ‫ﻫ‬ * ..‫َأ‬ ‫َأ َﻧﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮ ٌد‬ َ
‫ﺿ ِﻤ ْﻴ ُﺮ‬
I will not go to the market today. I I singular ْ
‫اﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻜ ﱠﻠ ِﻢ‬
.‫اء‬ ْ ‫َﻟ ْﻢ َﻧـ ْﺸ َﺮ‬
ِ ‫ب َﺷ ْﻴ ًﺌﺎ َﺑ ْﻌ َﺪ اﻟ َﻐ َﺪ‬ * ..‫َﻧـ‬ ‫َﻧ ْﺤ ُﻦ‬ ‫َﺟ ْﻤ ٌﻊ‬
first person
We did not drink anything after lunch. we we plural pronoun

َ ‫ﺐ ِإ َﻟﻰ‬
.‫اﻟﺒ ْﺤ ِﺮ اﻟ َﻴ ْﻮ َم‬ َ ‫َﻻ َﺗـ ْﺬ‬
ْ ‫ﻫ‬ * ..‫َﺗـ‬ َ ‫َأ ْﻧ‬
‫ﺖ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬
Do not go to the sea today. you you masculine ‫ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮ ٌد‬
ِ ‫ َﺗـ ْﻨ َﺠ‬،‫ِإ ْن َﺗـ ْﺠ َﺘ ِﻬ ِﺪي‬
.‫ﺤـﻲ‬ ْ ..‫َﺗـ‬
‫ي‬ ِ ‫َأ ْﻧ‬
‫ﺖ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬ singular

If you work hard, you will pass. You you feminine َ

‫ﺿ ِﻤ ْﻴ ُﺮ‬
.‫ان َأ ْن َﺗ ْﻠ َﻌ َﺒـﺎ ُﻛ َﺮ َة َﻗ َﺪ ٍم‬ ُ
ِ ‫ﺗ ِﺮ ْﻳ َﺪ‬ ‫ ا‬..‫َﺗـ‬ ‫َأ ْﻧ ُﺘ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺜ ﱠﻨﻰ‬ ْ
َ ‫اﻟ ُـﻤ َﺨ‬
‫ﺐ‬
ِ ‫ﺎﻃ‬
You (both) want to play football. You you (both) dual (masc. & fem.)

‫َأ ْﻧ ُﺘﻢ‬
second person
.‫َﻻ َﺗـ ْﺠ ِﻠ ُﺴـ ْﻮا ُﻫ َﻨﺎ‬ ‫ ْوا‬..‫َﺗـ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬ pronoun

Do not sit here. you you masculine ‫َﺟ ْﻤﻊ‬

‫َﻻ َﺗـ ْﺪ ُر ْﺳـ َﻦ ﱢ‬
ِ ‫اﻟﺮ َﻳ‬
.‫ﺎﺿ ﱠﻴﺎت‬ َ ‫ ـ‬..‫َﺗـ‬
‫ـﻦ‬ ‫َأ ْﻧ ُﺘ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬ plural

Do not study mathematics. you you Feminine

ْ ‫ﻀ َﺮ‬
.‫اﻟ َﻴ ْﻮ َم‬ ُ ‫َﻟ ْﻦ ﻳَـ ْﺤ‬ * ..‫ﻳَـ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
َ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬
He will not come today. he he Masculine ‫ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮد‬
َ ‫َﻟ ْﻢ َﺗـ ْﺪ ُر ْس ِﻓ ْﻴ ِﺰ َﻳ‬
.‫ﺎء‬ * ..‫َﺗـ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
َ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬ singular

She did not study physics. she she Feminine

.‫ﺎر ْﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﺎن َﻟ ْﻦ َﺗـ ْﺪ ُر َﺳـﺎ ﱠ‬

ِ ‫اﻟﺘ‬ ِ ‫اﻟﺒ ْﻨ َﺘ‬
ِ َ
‫ﺿ ِﻤ ْﻴ ُﺮ‬
‫ ا‬..‫ﻳَ ـ‬
‫ُﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺜ ﱠﻨﻰ‬ ْ
ِ ‫اﻟ َﻐ‬
The two girls (they) won’t study math.
‫ ا‬..‫َﺗـ‬ ‫ﺐ‬
ِ ‫ﺎﺋ‬
.‫ﺎر ْﻳ َﺦ‬ ‫ان َﻟ ْﻢ ﻳَـ ْﺪ ُر َﺳـﺎ ﱠ‬
ِ ‫اﻟﺘ‬ َ َ
ِ ‫اﻟﻮﻟ َﺪ‬ they (both) dual
third person
they (both)
The two boys (they) didn’t study history. pronoun

‫ﺎﻓ ُﺮ ْوا ِإ َﻟﻰ ﱠ‬

.‫اﻟﺼ ْﻴ َﻦ‬ ِ ‫َﻟ ْﻦ ُﻳـ َﺴ‬ ‫ ْوا‬..‫ﻳَ ـ‬ ‫ُﻫﻢ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬
They won’t travel to China. they they Masculine ‫َﺟ ْﻤﻊ‬
.‫اﻟﺤ ْﻔ َﻠ ِﺔ‬
َ ‫ﻫ ْﺒـ َﻦ ِإ َﻟﻰ‬
َ ‫َﻟ ْﻢ ﻳَ ْﺬ‬ ‫ــﻦ‬
َ ..‫ﻳَـ‬ ‫ُﻫ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬ plural

They did not go to the party. they they feminine

َ� ْ � ُ ُ ‫ �اﻟ ِﻔ ْﻌ ُﻞ‬such as
These subject pronouns ‫ َﺿ َﻤ ِﺎﺋ ُﺮ اﻟﻔ ِﺎﻋﻞ‬are attached to the subjunctive imperfective (present) verb ‫اﻟﻤ َﻀ �ﺎرع اﻟ َﻤﻨ ُﺼ ْﻮب‬
�ْ
ْ‫‘ �ﻟ ْﻦ َ� �� ُﺘ ُبـﻮا‬they won’t write’, ‫� َ� ْﺠﻠ َﺴـﺎ‬ َ ْ َ ْ َ
ِ ‫‘ ي‬in order for them both to sit’ ‫‘ ِﻟﺘـﺴﻤﻌـﻦ‬so that you all (fem.) hear’ and so forth. They are
� ُ � َ ْ �
also attached to the jussive imperfective (present) verb ‫اﻟﻔ ْﻌ ُﻞ اﻟَ ُﻤ َﻀ �ﺎرع اﻟ َﻤ ْﺠ ُﺰ ْوم‬ , such as ‫‘ ﻻ ﺗـ ْﺠ ِﻠ ُﺴـﻮا‬don’t sit’, ‫‘ ﻟ ْﻢ َ�ﻔ َﻬ َﻤـﺎ‬they didn’t
ْ ْ ُ ِْ ُ ْ
understand.’ These pronouns are attached to the imperative verb ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻷﻣﺮ‬ ِ , such as ‫‘ ِاﺟ ِﻠﺴﻮا‬sit’. With subjunctive present
verbs and imperative verbs, the ‫ ن‬of ‫ون‬, ‫ان‬, and ‫ ﻳﻦ‬is always dropped. The (*) indicates that the subject is implied �‫ ُﻣ ْﺴ َﺘ ِ ت‬and is
often understood from the structure of the verb; prefixes in red indicate the present tense and hint at what the subject is.

© Ibnulyemen Arabic - 2020 (6)

 ُ ْ ‫ﻀﺎر‬ ْ ُ َ ِ ‫اﻟ ُﻤ ﱠﺘ‬
ْ (‫ﺐ‬ ْ ْ ِ ‫ﺿ َﻤ‬
ِ ِ َ ‫اﻟﻤ‬
ِ ‫ع اﻟ َﻤ ْﺮﻓ‬
‫ﻮع‬ ُ ‫ﻞ‬ ِ ‫ﺼﻠﺔ ِﺑﺎﻟ ِﻔ ْﻌ‬ ‫ﻮل ) ﱠ‬
ْ ‫اﻟﻨ‬
ِ ‫ﺼ‬ ِ ‫ﺎﺋ ُﺮ اﻟ َﻤﻔ ُﻌ‬ َ (‫)ز‬
Object (Accusative) Pronouns Attached to Indicative Imperfective (present) Verbs

‫ِﻣ َﺜﺎل‬ ِ ‫ُﻣ ﱠﺘ‬

‫ﺼﻞ‬ ِ ‫ُﻣ ْﻨ َﻔ‬
‫ﺼﻞ‬ ْ
‫اﻟ َﻌ َﺪد‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠ‬
‫ﻀ ِﻤ ْﻴﺮ‬
example attached separate number pronoun type

‫ﺎﻋ ُﺪوْ َﻧـ ِﻨـﻲ؟‬ ْ ‫ﻫ‬

ِ ‫ﻞ َﺳـ ُﻴـ َﺴ‬ َ ‫ــﻲ‬ ‫َأ َﻧﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮد‬ َ
‫ﺿ ِﻤ ْﻴ ُﺮ‬
Will they help me? me I singular
ْ
‫اﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻜ ﱠﻠ ِﻢ‬
َ ‫َﺳـ َﻴ ُﺰ ْو َر َﻧﺎ ﻣُ َﺤﻤﱠ ٌﺪ‬
.‫ﻏ ًﺪا‬ ‫ــ َﻨﺎ‬ ‫َﻧ ْﺤ ُﻦ‬ ‫َﺟ ْﻤﻊ‬
first person
Mohammed will visit us tomorrow. us we plural pronoun

*.‫ﺎر‬ ْ
ِ ‫اﻟ َﻤ َﻄ‬ َ ‫َﺳـﻨَـ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻘ ِﺒ ُﻠ‬
‫ﻚ ِﻓﻲ‬ َ ‫ــ‬
‫ﻚ‬ َ ‫َأ ْﻧ‬
‫ﺖ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬
We will receive you at the airport. you you masculine ‫ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮد‬
.‫َﺐ‬ ِ ‫اﻓ ُﻘ‬
ُ ‫ﻚ َزﻳْ ﻨ‬ ِ ‫َﺳـ ُﺘـ َﺮ‬ ِ ‫ــ‬
‫ﻚ‬ ِ ‫َأ ْﻧ‬
‫ﺖ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬ singular

Zainab will accompany you. you you feminine َ

‫ﺿ ِﻤ ْﻴ ُﺮ‬
ُ ‫ﱢ‬ ْ َ
‫ﻫﻞ ُﻳـ َﺪر ُﺳـﻜ َﻤﺎ ﻋَ ﻠ ﱞ‬
‫ِﻲ؟‬ ‫ــ ُﻜ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫َأ ْﻧ ُﺘ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺜ ﱠﻨﻰ‬ ْ
ِ ‫اﻟ ُـﻤ َﺨﺎ َﻃ‬
‫ﺐ‬
Will Ali teach you (both)? you you (both) dual (masc. & fem.)
second person
‫ﺎذا ﻳَـ ْﻜ َﺮ ُﻫ ُﻜ ُﻢ اﻟﻤُ ﻌَ ﱢﻠ ُﻢ؟‬
َ ‫ﻟِ َﻤ‬ ‫ــ ُﻜﻢ‬ ‫َأ ْﻧ ُﺘﻢ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬ pronoun

Why does the teacher hate you? you you (all) masculine ‫َﺟ ْﻤﻊ‬
ُ ْ ْ َ
‫ﻫﻞ َﺳ ُﻴﺨ ِﺒ ُﺮﻛ ﱠﻦ ﻋَ ﻠ ﱞ‬
‫ِﻲ؟‬ ‫ــ ُﻜ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫َأ ْﻧ ُﺘ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬ plural

Will Ali inform you? you you (all) Feminine

*.‫ﻓ َﻬ ُﻤـ ُﻪ‬

َ ‫َﻻ‬
ْ ‫أ‬ ‫ـــﻪ‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻮ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬
I don’t understand him. him he Masculine ‫ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮد‬
ِ ‫ﻞ ُﺗـ‬
‫ﺤ ﱡﺒﻮْ َﻧـ َﻬﺎ؟‬ ْ ‫ﻫ‬
َ ‫ــ َـﻬﺎ‬ َ ‫ِﻫ‬
‫ﻲ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬ singular

Do you love her? her she Feminine َ

‫ﺿ ِﻤ ْﻴ ُﺮ‬
‫ﺎﻋ ُﺪوْ َﻧـ ُﻬ َﻤﺎ؟‬ ْ ‫ﻫ‬
ِ ‫ﻞ َﺳـ ُﺘـ َﺴ‬ َ ‫ــ ُﻬ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺜ ﱠﻨﻰ‬ ْ
‫ﺐ‬ ِ ‫اﻟ َﻐ‬
ِ ‫ﺎﺋ‬
them
Will you help them (both)? they (both) dual third person
(both)

‫ﺎﺣ َﺔ؟‬ ‫ﻞ ُﺗـ َﻌ ﱢﻠ ِﻤـ ْﻴﻨَـ ُﻬ ُﻢ ﱢ‬

pronoun
َ ‫اﻟﺴ َﺒ‬ ْ ‫ﻫ‬
َ ‫ــ ُـﻬﻢ‬ ‫ُﻫﻢ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬
Are you teaching them swimming? them they Masculine ‫َﺟ ْﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺎﻋ ُﺪوْ َﻧـ ُﻬ ﱠﻦ؟‬ ْ ‫ﻫ‬
ِ ‫ﻞ َﺳـ ُﻴ َﺴ‬ َ ‫ــ ُـﻬ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫ُﻫ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬ plural

Will they help them? them they feminine

ُ ُ � ُ ُ ‫ ; �اﻟ ِﻔ ْﻌ ُﻞ‬they are
These object (accusative) pronouns are attached the indicative imperfective (present) verb ‫اﻟﻤ َﻀ �ﺎرع اﻟ َﻤ ْﺮﻓ�ع‬
the pronouns in orange, blue, and green. The attached pronouns and the nouns in red are the subjects of the verbs.
The prefixes in red indicate the present tense. The (*) indicates tat the subject (pronoun) of the verb is implied �‫ ُﻣ ْﺴ َﺘ ِ ت‬.

© Ibnulyemen Arabic - 2020 (7)

 َ ْ ‫ﺎﻟ ِﻔ ْﻌﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﺼ َﻠ ُﺔ ِﺑ‬ ْ (‫ﺎﻋﻞ )اﻟ ﱠﺮ ْﻓﻊ‬ ْ ِ ‫ﺿ َﻤ‬
‫اﻷ ْﻣ ِﺮ‬ ِ ِ ‫اﻟ ُﻤ ﱠﺘ‬ ِ ِ ِ ‫ﺎﺋ ُﺮ اﻟ َﻔ‬ َ (‫)ح‬
Subject (Nominative) Pronouns Attached to Imperative Verbs

‫ِﻣ َﺜﺎل‬ ِ ‫ُﻣ ﱠﺘ‬

‫ﺼﻞ‬ ِ ‫ُﻣ ْﻨ َﻔ‬
‫ﺼﻞ‬ ْ
‫اﻟ َﻌ َﺪد‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠ‬
‫ﻀ ِﻤ ْﻴﺮ‬
example attached separate number pronoun type

*.‫اﺟﺐ‬ ْ ‫ﺐ‬
ِ ‫اﻟ َﻮ‬ ُ
ِ ‫ا ْﻛ ُﺘ‬ * .. َ ‫َأ ْﻧ‬
‫ﺖ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬
Write the homework.
(implied)
you masculine ‫ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮد‬
.‫ُا ْﺧ ِﺮ ِﺟـﻲ ِﻣ ْﻦ ُﻫ َﻨﺎ‬ ‫ــﻲ‬ ِ ‫َأ ْﻧ‬
‫ﺖ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬ singular

(you) Get out of here! your you feminine

َ
‫ﺿ ِﻤ ْﻴ ُﺮ‬
.‫ﺎﻣ َﻌ ِﺔ‬ َ ‫ﻫ َﺒـﺎ ِإ َﻟﻰ‬
ِ ‫اﻟﺠ‬ َ ‫ِا ْذ‬ ‫ــﺎ‬ ‫َأ ْﻧ ُﺘ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺜ ﱠﻨﻰ‬ ْ
ِ ‫اﻟ ُـﻤ َﺨﺎ َﻃ‬
‫ﺐ‬
(you both) go to the university! your you (both) dual (masc. & fem.)
second person
!‫ ِا ْﺳ ِﺮ ُﻋـ ْﻮا‬،‫ِا ْﺳ ِﺮ ُﻋـ ْﻮا‬ ‫ـــﻮا‬ ‫َأ ْﻧ ُﺘﻢ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬ pronoun

(you all) run, (you all) run! your you (all) masculine ‫َﺟ ْﻤﻊ‬
.‫اﻟﺪ ْر َس‬ ِ ‫َذ‬
‫اﻛ ْﺮ َن ﱠ‬ ‫ـﻦ‬
َ ‫ــ‬ ‫َأ ْﻧ ُﺘ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬ plural

(you all) study the lesson! your you (all) feminine

The (*) indicates that the subject is implied �‫( ُﻣ ْﺴ َﺘ ِ ت‬not overt).

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 َ ْ ‫ﺎﻟ ِﻔ ْﻌﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﺼ َﻠ ُﺔ ِﺑ‬ ْ (‫ﺐ‬
ِ ‫اﻟ ُﻤ ﱠﺘ‬ ‫ل) ﱠ‬ ْ ْ َ (‫)ط‬
‫اﻷ ْﻣ ِﺮ‬ ِ ْ ‫اﻟﻨ‬
ِ ‫ﺼ‬ ِ ‫ﺿ َﻤﺎ ِﺋ ُﺮ اﻟ َﻤﻔ ُﻌ ْﻮ‬
Subject (Accusative) Pronouns Attached to Imperative Verbs

‫ِﻣ َﺜﺎل‬ ِ ‫ُﻣ ﱠﺘ‬

‫ﺼﻞ‬ ِ ‫ُﻣ ْﻨ َﻔ‬
‫ﺼﻞ‬ ْ
‫اﻟ َﻌ َﺪد‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠ‬
‫ﻀ ِﻤ ْﻴﺮ‬
example attached separate number pronoun type

*!‫ِا ْﺳ َﻤ ْﻌـ ِﻨـﻲ‬

Listen to me! (implied, masculine, singular)

!‫ِا ْﺳ َﻤ ِﻌـ ْﻴ ِـﻨـﻲ‬

Listen to me! (you, feminine, singular) ‫ــﻲ‬ ‫َأ َﻧﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮد‬
!‫ِا ْﺳ َﻤ ُﻌـ ْﻮ ِﻧـﻲ‬ me I singular

Listen to me! (you, masculine, plural)

!‫ِا ْﺳ َﻤ ْﻌ َـﻨ ِـﻨـﻲ‬ َ

‫ﺿ ِﻤ ْﻴ ُﺮ‬
Listen to me! (you, feminine, plural) ْ
‫اﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻜ ﱠﻠ ِﻢ‬
*!‫ﺎﻋ ْﺪ َﻧﺎ‬
ِ ‫َﺳ‬
first person
Help us! (implied, masculine, singular) pronoun

!‫ﺎﻋ ِﺪ ْﻳـ َﻨﺎ‬

ِ ‫َﺳ‬
Help us! (you, feminine, singular) ‫ــ َﻨﺎ‬ ‫َﻧ ْﺤ ُﻦ‬ ‫َﺟ ْﻤﻊ‬
!‫ﺎﻋ ُﺪ ْو َﻧﺎ‬
ِ ‫َﺳ‬ us we plural

Help us! (you, masculine, plural)

!‫ﺎﻋ ْﺪ َﻧـ َﻨﺎ‬

ِ ‫َﺳ‬
Help us! (you, feminine, plural)

* .‫ِا ْﺳ َﻤ ْﻌـ ُﻪ‬

Listen to him! (implied, masculine, singular)

.‫ِا ْﺳ َﻤ ِﻌـ ْﻴ ُـﻪ‬

Listen to him! (you, feminine, singular) ‫ــ ﻪ‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻮ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬
.‫ِا ْﺳ َﻤ ُﻌـ ْﻮ ُه‬ him he masculine
َ
‫ﺿ ِﻤ ْﻴ ُﺮ‬
‫ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮد‬ ْ
Listen to him! (you, masculine, plural) ‫ﺐ‬ ِ ‫اﻟ َﻐ‬
ِ ‫ﺎﺋ‬
.‫ِا ْﺳ َﻤ ْﻌـ َﻨـ ُﻪ‬ singular
third person
pronoun
Listen to him! (you, feminine, plural)

َ ‫َﺳﺎ ِﻋ ْﺪ‬
*!‫ﻫﺎ‬
Help her! (implied, masculine, singular)
‫ــ َﻬﺎ‬ َ ‫ِﻫ‬
‫ﻲ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬
!‫ﺎﻋ ِﺪ ْﻳـ َﻬﺎ‬
ِ ‫َﺳ‬ her she feminine

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Help her! (you, feminine, singular)

َ ‫ﺎﻋ ُﺪ ْو‬
!‫ﻫﺎ‬ ِ ‫َﺳ‬
Help her! (you, masculine, plural)

!‫ﺎﻋ ْﺪ َﻧـ َﻬﺎ‬

ِ ‫َﺳ‬
Help her! (you, feminine, plural)

*!‫ِا ْﺳ َﻤ ْﻌـ ُﻬ َﻤﺎ‬

Listen to them (both)! (implied, masculine, singular)

!‫ِا ْﺳ َﻤ ِﻌـ ْﻴ ُـﻬ َﻤﺎ‬

Listen to them (both)! (you, feminine, singular)
‫ــ ُﻬ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺜ ﱠﻨﻰ‬
!‫ِا ْﺳ َﻤ ُﻌـ ْﻮ ُﻫ َﻤﺎ‬ them
they (both) dual
(both)
Listen to them (both)! (you, masculine, plural)

!‫ِا ْﺳ َﻤ ْﻌـ َﻨـ ُﻬ َﻤﺎ‬

Listen to them (both)! (you, feminine, plural)

*!‫ﺎﻋ ْﺪ ُﻫﻢ‬
ِ ‫َﺳ‬
Help them! (implied, masculine, singular)

!‫ﺎﻋ ِﺪ ْﻳـ ُﻬﻢ‬

ِ ‫َﺳ‬
Help them! (you, feminine, singular) ‫ــ ُﻬﻢ‬ ‫ُﻫﻢ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬
!‫ﺎﻋ ُﺪ ْو ُﻫﻢ‬
ِ ‫َﺳ‬ them they masculine

Help them! (you, masculine, plural)

!‫ﺎﻋ ْﺪ َﻧـ ُﻬﻢ‬

ِ ‫َﺳ‬
Help them! (you, feminine, plural) ‫َﺟ ْﻤﻊ‬
*!‫ِا ْﺳ َﻤ ْﻌـ ُﻬ ﱠﻦ‬ plural

Listen to them! (implied, masculine, singular)

!‫ِا ْﺳ َﻤ ِﻌـ ْﻴ ُـﻬ ﱠﻦ‬

Listen to them! (you, feminine, singular) ‫ــ ُﻬ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫ُﻫ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬
!‫ِا ْﺳ َﻤ ُﻌـ ْﻮ ُﻫ ﱠﻦ‬ them they feminine

Listen to them! (you, masculine, plural)

!‫ِا ْﺳ َﻤ ْﻌـ َﻨـ ُﻬ ﱠﻦ‬

Listen to them! (you, feminine, plural)
The (*) indicates that the subject of the imperative is implied (not overt) �‫( ُﻣ ْﺴ َﺘ ِ ت‬i.e. you, 2nd person masculine singular).
َ�
The attached pronouns in blue are the (overt) subject pronouns ‫ َﺿ َﻤ ِﺎﺋ ُﺮ اﻟﻔ ِﺎﻋﻞ‬. The attached pronouns in green are the
ْ ُْ َ � ُ َ َ
object pronouns ‫ﺿﻤ ِﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮ ِل‬. The ‫ ن‬of the attached subject pronouns, namely ‫ ون‬and ‫ﻳﻦ‬, is dropped because the verb
is in the jussive cases (that is, it is required that the ‫ ن‬be dropped).

© Ibnulyemen Arabic - 2020 (10)

 َ ْ ‫ﺼ َﻠ ُﺔ ﺑ‬
ِ ‫ﺎﻷ َد َو‬
‫ات‬ ْ ‫ﺎﺋ ُﺮ‬
ِ ‫اﻟ ُﻤ ﱠﺘ‬ ‫)ي( ﱠ‬
ِ ‫اﻟﻀ َﻤ‬
ِ
The Pronouns Attached to Particles

‫ِﻣ َﺜﺎل‬ ِ ‫ُﻣ ﱠﺘ‬

‫ﺼﻞ‬ ِ ‫ُﻣ ْﻨ َﻔ‬
‫ﺼﻞ‬ ْ
‫اﻟ َﻌ َﺪد‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠ‬
‫ﻀ ِﻤ ْﻴﺮ‬
example attached separate number pronoun type

.‫ﺾ‬ٌ ‫ِإ ﱠﻧـ َﻨـﻲ َﻣ ِﺮ ْﻳ‬ ‫ــﻲ‬ ‫َأ َﻧﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮد‬ َ
‫ﺿ ِﻤ ْﻴ ُﺮ‬
Indeed, I am sick. I I singular ْ
‫اﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻜ ﱠﻠ ِﻢ‬
ِ ‫َﻟ ِﻜ ﱠﻨـ َﻨﺎ َﻓ‬
.‫ﺎﺋ ُﺰ ْو َن‬ ‫ــ َﻨﺎ‬ ‫َﻧ ْﺤ ُﻦ‬ ‫َﺟ ْﻤﻊ‬
first person
But we are winners. we we plural pronoun

َ ً َ ‫ِإ ﱠﻧـ‬
‫ﻚ ِﻓ ْﻌﻼ ﻏ ِﺒ ﱞ‬
.‫ﻲ‬ َ ‫ــ‬
‫ﻚ‬ َ ‫َأ ْﻧ‬
‫ﺖ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬
You are truly stupid. you you masculine ‫ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮد‬
.‫ﻚ َﺟ ِﻤ ْﻴ َﻠ ٌﺔ ِﺟ ًّﺪا‬
ِ ‫ِإ ﱠﻧـ‬ ِ ‫ــ‬
‫ﻚ‬ ِ ‫َأ ْﻧ‬
‫ﺖ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬ singular

You are very beautiful. you you feminine َ

‫ﺿ ِﻤ ْﻴ ُﺮ‬
.‫ﺎن َﻟ ِﻜ ﱠﻨـ ُﻜ َﻤﺎ َﻛ ُﺴ ْﻮ َﻻ ِن‬ َ َ
ِ ‫أ ْﻧ ُﺘ َﻤﺎ ذ ِﻛ ﱠﻴ‬ ‫ــ ُﻜ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫َأ ْﻧ ُﺘ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺜ ﱠﻨﻰ‬ ْ
ِ ‫اﻟ ُـﻤ َﺨﺎ َﻃ‬
‫ﺐ‬
You are smart, but you are lazy. you you (both) dual (masc. & fem.)

‫َأ ْﻧ ُﺘﻢ‬
second person
ُ ‫ُﻛ ﱡﻠـ ُﻜﻢ ُﺟ َﺒ َﻨ‬
.‫ﺎء‬ ‫ــ ُﻜﻢ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬ pronoun

You are all cowards. you you (all) masculine ‫َﺟ ْﻤﻊ‬
ٌ ‫ﺎر‬
.‫ات‬ ٌ ‫ُﻛ ﱡﻠـ ُﻜ ﱠﻦ َﻃ ِﺒ ْﻴ َﺒ‬
ِ ‫ﺎت َﻣ َﻬ‬ ‫ــ ُﻜ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫َأ ْﻧ ُﺘ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬ plural

You are all skillful doctors. you you (all) feminine

ُ ‫َﻟ ْﻮ َﻻ ُه َﻣﺎ َﻧ َﺠ ْﺠ‬

.‫ﺖ‬ ‫ــ ﻪ‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻮ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬
Except for him, I wouldn’t have passed. he he masculine ‫ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮد‬
.‫ِإ ﱠﻧـ َﻬﺎ َﻃﺎﻟِ َﺒ ٌﺔ ُﻣ َﺘ َﻔ ﱢﻮ َﻗ ٌﺔ‬ ‫ــ َﻬﺎ‬ َ ‫ِﻫ‬
‫ﻲ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬ singular

She is indeed an outstanding student. she she feminine

‫ــ ُﻬ َﻤﺎ‬ َ
‫ﺿ ِﻤ ْﻴ ُﺮ‬
َ ‫َﺳﺄَ ْﺷ َﺘ ِﺮي‬
.‫ﻏ ْﻴ َﺮ ُﻫ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺜ ﱠﻨﻰ‬
I will buy (two) other than them.
they /
they (both) dual ‫ﺐ‬
ِ ‫ﺎﺋ‬ ْ
ِ ‫اﻟ َﻐ‬
them

‫ــ ُﻬﻢ‬
third person
ِ ‫ﻏ‬
.‫ﺎﺋ ُﺒ ْﻮ َن‬ َ ‫ﻀـ ُﻬﻢ‬
ُ ‫َﺑ ْﻌ‬ ‫ُﻫﻢ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ‬ pronoun
they /
Some of them are absent.
them
they masculine
‫َﺟ ْﻤﻊ‬
ٌ ‫َﻟ ِﻜ ﱠﻨـ ُﻬ ﱠﻦ ُﻣ َﺘﺄَ ﱢﺧ َﺮ‬
.‫ات‬ ‫ــ ُﻬ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫ُﻫ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﻧﺚ‬ plural

they /
But some of them are late. They feminine
them
‫ﱠ‬ � َ � َ
Particles are words like ‫( ِإن‬indeed), ‫( ﻟ ِ� ﱠﻦ‬but), �‫( ﻟ ْﻮ‬except for), �ْ‫( ﻏ ي‬except, other than), and ‫( َب ْﻌﺾ‬some). The pronoun
ََ َ
attached to these particles can be a topic ‫ ُﻣ ْﺒﺘﺪأ‬or a genitive pronoun ‫ ﺿ ِﻤ يْ ٌ� َﻣ ْﺠ ُﺮ ْو ٌر‬just like the pronouns attached
prepositions and adverbs.

© Ibnulyemen Arabic - 2020 (11)