ASSESSMENT COVERSHEET

Attach this coversheet as the cover for your submission. All sections must be completed.

Section A: Submission Details

Programme : Bachelor of Petroleum Engineering Technology (Operation & Safety)
Course Code & Name : JOB20303 (Pollution Control Technology)
Course Lecturer(s) : Dr. Islam Muhammad Remanul
Submission Title : Liquid and Absorption System
Deadline : Day 25 Month 3 Year 2021 Time 5pm
Penalties : • 5% will be deducted per day to a maximum of four (4) working days, after which
the submission will not be accepted.
• Plagiarised work is an Academic Offence in University Rules & Regulations
and will be penalised accordingly.

Section B: Academic Integrity

Tick (√) each box below if you agree:

√ I have read and understood the UniKL’s policy on Plagiarism in University Rules & Regulations.
√ This submission is my own, unless indicated with proper referencing.
√ This submission has not been previously submitted or published.
√ This submission follows the requirements stated in the course.

Section C: Submission Receipt

(must be filled in manually)

Office Receipt of Submission

Date & Time of

Student Name(s) Student ID(s)
Submission (stamp)

25/3/2021 SITI KHAIRUNNUR BINTI LADERLAH 57216120359

Student Receipt of Submission

This is your submission receipt, the only accepted evidence that you have submitted your work. After this
is stamped by the appointed staff & filled in, cut along the dotted lines above & retain this for your record.
Date & Time of Student ID(s)
Course Code Submission Title
Submission (stamp) & Signature(s)
JOB20303 –
LIQUID AND GAS
POLLUTION
ABSORPTION 57216120359
25/3/2021 CONTROL
SYSTEM
TECHNOLOGY
 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSITITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY (MITEC)

POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY (JOB 20303)

LAB REPORT : LIQUID-GAS ABSORPTION SYSTEM

GROUP : BPOS20/2

NAME : SITI KHAIRUNNUR BINTI LADERLAH

ID : 57216120359

COURSE : BACHELOR OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERING

TECHNOLOGY (OPERATION & SAFETY)

LECTURE’S NAME : DR MUHAMMAD REMANUL ISLAM

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

NO. CONTENTS PAGE NUMBER

1 Summary 1

2 Objective 2

3 Introduction 3-4

4 Result and Discussion 5-6

5 Conclusion and Recommendations 7

6 Tutorial 8-9

7 References 10

8 Appendixes 11 - 15
 1.0 SUMMARY

The aim of this experimental study is concerned about the absorption of CO 2 into the water
using a packed column. There are five columns in this experiment will be run, and the aim of
this report is to look at the air pressure decrease through the column as a function of air flow
rate and water flow rate through the column. When the air pressure drops to a certain level, a
phenomenon known as ‘flooding’ occurs, and the system can no longer function properly. As
a result, the ‘flooding point’ must be calculated in order for the mechanism to run under the
‘flooding point’.

1
 2.0 OBJECTIVE

1. To determine the absorption of the CO2 into the water using a packed column
2. To study the relationship between the total surface area with the absorption of CO2 gas
concentration to the waterflow and the flue CO2 gas outlet form the top column

2
 3.0 INTRODUCTION

Gas absorption that also known as scrubbing is an operation in which a gas mixture is contacted
with a liquid for the purpose of dissolving one or more components of the gas mixture
preferentially and including a solution of them in the liquid. This gaseous constituent forms a
physical solution with the liquid or solvent in some systems, and it reacts chemically with the
liquid in others. Scrubbing process may be used for gas purification, such as the removal of air
pollutants from exhaust gases, product recovery, or the production of gas solution for various
purposes.

In most cases, gas absorption takes place in vertical countercurrent column. The solvent enters
the absorber from the rear, and the gas mixture enters from the bottom. The solvent washes out
the absorbed substance, which is often recovered in a subsequent stripping or desorption
operation. A packed column, plate tower, basic spray, column, or bubble column may be used
as an absorber.

3
The solubility of the absorbed gas and the rate of mass transfer are the two fundamental
physical principles underlying the process of gas absorption. When sizing equipment for a
specific application, information on both must be available. A gas mixture travels up through
a gas absorption tower in a standard packed absorption column, where the solute is transferred
to the liquid phase and the gas is progressively removed. On its way down the column, the
liquid accumulates solute.

For liquid-gas absorption experiments, one packed column filled with saddles ceramic berl.
The gas oxygen, O2 and carbon dioxide, CO2 are injected at the bottom of a stacked column.
The water is diverted from the tip of the column. CO2 may come into contact with the water
from the counter current flow between the ceramic berl saddled packed column.

In this experiment, there are four simulated flue gas CO2 inlets that each simulated flue gas
inlet would provide different size of the total surface area of contact between the bottom gas
inlets and the top water. By increasing the scale of the overall contact surface area, a greater
gas CO2outlet from the top column will be reduced.

4
 4.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

During this experiment, we able to observe CO2 absorption as well as trends for the total
surface area with the absorption of CO2 gas. Table 1 is the data collected CO2 outlet with each
valve opened.

Column SV-106 SV-105 SV-104 SV-103

Total tray (unit) 4 3 2 1

Gas Inlet
Composition 100 100 100 100
(%)

CO2 outlet (%) 2.8 2.8 2.5 3.1

CO2 absorbed
2.9 2.9 3.2 2.6
(%)

According to the data from the gas analyzer machine, the concentration of CO2 increased with
each valve opened. This occurred because the contact surfaces of the tray units differed. The
amount of CO2 stuck to the surface of the tray that holds the concrete and water increases as
more unit trays are opened. Since the gas is inserted from the bottom, the outlet gas is less as
at the top than at the bottom.

The process is recorded by placing a sensor into CO2 gas outlet on a gas analyzer machine.
Because the reading fluctuated between a range of numbers, the reading was not as precise as
intended. However, since the reading number range is not large enough to make a difference
in this case, it does not matter.

Thus, the result of this experiment is achieved parallel with the objective. The concentration of
CO2 decreased when the valve at top is opened, compared to the concentration more increased
when the valve at the low height is opened.

5
The subsequent comparison data of CO2 concentration slightly may not vary significantly, but
it is sufficient that the concentration change did affect the experiment’s result.

It is clear from the observation in this experiment that CO2 will stick to water or a moist surface.
While a greater amount of surface contact area was added to the gas, a significant amount of
gas escaped, albeit at a concentration low enough that it did not affect the environment, the
primary goal of this experiment was to reduce the concentration of CO2 released from
combustion.

This scrubbing process usually used to reduce impurities to enhance process efficiency,
eliminating toxic gaseous from a gas mixture. In addition, the industries used this to measure
and control the amount of CO2 that released into the environment.

6
 5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Overall, the liquid-gas absorption system showed expected trends regarding the effect of
CO absorption with respect to the total surface area of concentration to the waterflow and
the flue CO2 gas outlet form the top column. As the amount of CO absorbed increased as
well as more unit trays are opened. The process of gas absorption, the mixture of gasses is
contact by water, dissolving one or more components of the gas and providing the solution
of the gas absorbed by the water.

For recommendation, I think it needs guide to access and run the machine fully, which do
the experiment for the whole system, so that the experiment’s data can calculated, and can
see how it operated and run of the absorption system as well as the real industry soon.
Besides, I think it required to increase safety by taking important in personal protective
equipment (PPE), to avoid any accident occurs during the experiment is running. In
addition, the pump need to be checked if there is any leaking or damage, this is because to
avoid problems. As CO2 is affecting to the atmosphere, I think it is need to quite alert in
handling the experiment.

7
6.0 TUTORIAL

8
9
 7.0 REFERENCES

Gas-liquid absorption. (n.d.). ScienceDirect.com | Science, health and medical journals, full

text articles and books. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/gas-liquid-

absorption

Absorption. (2018, December 20). Wiley Online

Library. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/0471238961.010219151920

1503.a01.pub3

(n.d.). Chemical Engineering at the University of Florida-

Home. https://ww2.che.ufl.edu/ren/course/4404L/GA/IG.pdf

Full report gas absorption. (2015, 20). Share and Discover Knowledge on

SlideShare. https://www.slideshare.net/errafatiha/full-report-gas-absorption

Practical: Gas absorption. (n.d.). Separation

Processes. https://www.separationprocesses.com/CourseWare/Experiments/GA_Prac

01.htm

10
 APPENDIX
Procedures :

1. Mixed gas inlet preparation check list

a. Turned on the air compressor

b. Opened the gas outlet at the top to avoid the pressure in the column
c. Set the air pressure at 1 bar or adjusted accordingly
d. Set the service air pressure at 1 bar
e. Set the compressed air O2 flowrate at 20L/min
f. Set the CO2 flowrate at 30L/min
g. Calculated the composition of gas inlet
2. Prepared water supply inlet check list
a. Filled the water to the feed tank at maximum level
3. Started the experiment

11
a. Turned on the pump P-301 to feed water from the top of the column

b. Opened the mixing gas valve MV-301 in order to flow the mixing gas to the
bottom of the absorption column

c. Started vacuum pump P-104

d. Waited 15 min until reached state conditions

12
e. Opened the valve MV-301 to measure the CO2 concentration at the outlet

f. Took the samples from the column bottom and feed tank. And recorded the data
g. Analyzed inlet and outlet CO2 concentration is gas mixture by using gas
analyzer machine
h. Repeated step 1-8 by used SV-106, SV-105, SV-104 and SV-103 in order to
study the effect of contact surface area for liquid-gas absorption

13
The Liquid-Gas Absorption System

Machine panel of Liquid-Gas

Absorption System

14
CO2 outlet discharge

Sketch flow diagram of Liquid-Gas

Absorption

15