COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

RWS MT 03: “storm drainage system”

DATE GIVE: 02/11/2023
DATE DUE: 02/18/2023
DATE SUBMITTED: 02/18/2023

REFERENCES:
Dhillon, A. (2014, December 20). Storm water drainage.
https://pt.slideshare.net/avneetdhillon/storm-water-drainage/6
Murray, G., & Murray, G. (2021, August 11). What is stormwater
drainage? | GSM Plumbing. GSM Plumbing.
https://gsmplumbing.com.au/blog/what-is-stormwater-drainage/

STUDENT: gamit, ian russel A.

SUBJECT: AR-BU 1 L&S | AR II-2B-F
INSTRUCTOR: ar. Aiza Fernandez
Ar. Joevan rona
 Storm drainage system

What is a storm drainage system?

It’s a network of structures, channels and underground
pipes that carry stormwater (rainwater) to ponds,
lakes, streams and rivers. The network consists of
both public and private systems.
It’s an integral part of the system in the county that is
designed to control the quantity, quality, timing and
distribution of storm runoff. It’s not part of the which
carries water and waste from drains (sinks, bathtubs,
showers, etc.) and toilets to a treatment plant to be
treated and filtered.

Why do we need drainage for stormwater?

• Reduce the risk of flooding
• Protect water quality
• Minimize the spread of contaminants and debris
• Prevent or reduce damage to properties and the environment
• Prevent stream and soil erosion
• Keep rivers, beaches and lakes safe

Storm water Runoff

• Water falls as rain, snow, or ice. Most seeps into ground.
• If ground is saturated, frozen, or has paved surfaces, water flows
& is called stormwater runoff. Stormwater Flows over surfaces such
as roads, driveways and parking lots.

Where does Stormwater Go?

• Stormwater flows to storm drains along streets.
• It may carry soil, pet waste, oil, pesticides, & other pollutants with
it.
• This polluted runoff goes to streams & lakes untreated. Stormwater
goes into storm drains and pollutants flow untreated into local
streams, rivers & lakes.

Storm Water Inlets

• These are the openings through which the surface runoff and storm
water is admitted and conveyed to the storm water sewer or
combined sewer.
The inlet is a box of concrete or brick masonry with the clear
opening not more than 25mm.
Maximum spacing depends on road surface, it varies between 30 to
60 m.
Storm Water Inlets
• Storm water inlets may be categorised into 3 types:

▫ Curb inlets ▫ Gutter inlets ▫ Composite inlets

• Curb inlet – These are vertical openings in the road curbs through
which the storm water flows. • They are preferred where heavy traffic
is anticipated.

• Gutter inlet – Horizontal openings in the gutter

• Composite inlet – Combination of both curb & gutter inlet.

▫ Curb inlets • Gutter inlet • Composite inlet

Surface Drains
• Cheap arrangement for collecting storm
water.
Regulators
• These are used for preventing overloading of sewers, pumping stations,
treatment plants and other disposal arrangements.
• Normally used in case of combined sewers and divert excess storm
water to natural stream or river.

• There are three types of regulators: ▫ Leaping weir ▫ Overflow weir ▫

Siphon spillway

• Leaping weir – When the discharge is small, the sewage directly falls
into the intercepting sewer but in case of excess sewage, all or part of
the storm water leaps across the opening and is thus, diverted from the
intercepting sewer.
The excess storm water is then carried to natural stream or river.
Intercepting sewer runs at right angles to the combined sewer.

• Overflow weir – In this type of weir, the excess sewage is allowed to

overflow in the channel.
• Siphon Spillway – This is an automatic arrangement and works on the
principle of siphonic action.

Inverted Siphon
• An inverted siphon is a sewer section which is constructed below the
adjacent sewer sections and which runs full under gravity with pressure
greater than atmosphere.
• The purpose is to carry the sewer under the obstruction and regain as
much as elevation is possible after the obstruction is passed.
• As the siphons are depressed below the hydraulic grade line, self-
cleansing velocity is ensured by providing one pipe for minimum dry
weather flow
* and subsequent pipes for the balance flow when the flow exceeds the
minimum.
*DWF = Sanitary Sewage = Sewage from houses, business places, institutions,
etc.
Stormwater Drain Design Considerations
Storm drains must be able to handle minor and major adverse weather
conditions. When designing them, several factors are taken into account.
These include but are not limited to:

• The topography of the land. This includes soil type and the slope of
the land. Severe slopes will increase runoff speeds. Stormwater is a
gravity system, and so the site must fall toward an existing or
proposed stormwater connection.
• The systems must generally conform to natural drainage patterns
within a drainage basin.
• As far as possible, drains should also follow easements or
reserves intended for drainage purposes.
• Surface obstructions such as buildings, electricity supply poles, and
trees may affect the proposed alignment of the storm drain. If the
proposed drain location cannot avoid an obstruction or has to run
close by, it may be necessary to contact the owner or local council.
In some cases, the obstruction can be removed. If not, the system may
require a redesign. Either way, there may be additional construction
costs.
• Stormwater runoff should not cause negative impacts on
downstream properties or stormwater systems.
• You must minimize the number of discharge points in the system. A single
large outlet is preferred over lots of smaller outlets.
• To protect the health of waterways, you must allow for a future
Gross Pollution Trap (GPT) to be installed later, upstream of the
pipe outlet. GPTs act like filters and trap solid waste before it can
enter waterways.
• Stormwater and wastewater pipes are two separate networks and
should stay that way. They should not be connected.
• Sites have to establish stormwater quality improvement devices to
meet specific water quality outcomes.

Why is drainage for stormwater so important?

Stormwater is the runoff from rain that is ordinarily absorbed by
plants and soils. However, hard surfaces like roads, driveways and
parking lots can prevent this runoff from properly soaking into the
land. This excess water is bad news for us and the environment. As it
flows, it collects and transports soil, grease, oil, pesticides, litter,
fertilizer, sediment and other gross pollutant traps. These eventually
spill into a lake or river that supplies our drinking water. Large
volumes of water can also cause flooding, structural damage and
erosion.