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OMT Predavanje03
OMT Predavanje03
3. Predavanje
Sveučilište u Zagrebu
Fakultet strojarstva i brodogradnje
Zavod za brodogradnju i pomorsku tehniku
Katedra za osnivanje plovnih objekata i pomorsku tehniku
Opterećenje kojima su
izloženi objekti morske
tehnike
Kombinacije opterećenja
15,0
14,0
13,0
12,0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Bf
Značajna valna visina hs m
11,0
10,0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 SMO
8
9,0
8,0
7,0
6,0
5,0
4,0 v10 0,836 B 3
3,0
2,0
1,0
0,0 v10 t
1,45 0,07 ln t
0,0 5,0 10,0 15,0 20,0 25,0 30,0 35,0 40,0
v10 600
brzina vjetra m/s
1/ 3
gT gF
2.857 10 1 2
U 10 U 10
1/ 3
gH S gF
2
1.60 10 3 2
U 10 U 10
Objekti morske tehnike 10
Opterećenje vjetra U2
fU
1 p
0
r n
dU 1 p
F
• Strujno polje vjetra na površini Zemlje dt s
određeno je 2. Newtonovim zakonom:
F ma
• Ako se vektor ubrzanja pridruži čestici • Gdje je:
atmosfere jedinične mase i opiše u
koordinatnom sustavuI(prirodni • U brzina vjetra,
koordinatni sustav), može se definirati • f je Coriolisov parametar
slijedeći odnos (vidi sliku): • ( 2 W sin f, gdje je W=7.292 ´10-5s-1
Zemljina rotacija i f je geografska
širina),
• r gustoća zraka,
• p tlak na površini,
• F koeficijent sile trenja na Zemljinoj
površini,
• ∂p/∂n komponenta gradijenta tlaka
okomita na smjer gibanja čestice,
• ∂p/∂s komponenta gradijenta tlaka u
smjeru strujnice,
• U2/r član koji se naziva centrifugalna
sila, a izražen je pomoću ubrzanja kojeg
ima čestica koja se giba po trajektoriji
čija je zakrivljenost radijusa r.
v10 t 140,0
1,45 0,07 ln t
v10 600 120,0
100,0
Profil brzine
Cw(z)_ABS
z m
z t 80,0
v
z t
v zr rt 1 0.137 ln 0.047 ln Cw(z)_inpl
zr tr 60,0
40,0
Gdje je:
z = visina iznad slobodne površine, 20,0
Okvirne vrijednosti:
Neke tipične vrijednosti brzine morske struje definirane u
povratnom periodu od 10 godina za različite lokacije:
Norwegian Sea (Haltenbanken): 0.90 m/s
North Sea (Troll): 1.50 m/s
North Sea (Greater Ekofisk area): 0.55 m/s
Mediterranean
- Libya 1.00 m/s
- Egypt 0.78 m/s
Gulf of Mexico (Hurricane): 1.98 m/s
West Africa
- Nigeria 1.1 m/s
-Gabon: 0.91 m/s
-Ivory Coast: 0.90 m/s1)
-Angola 1.85 m/s
South America
- Brazil (Campos Basin) 1.60 m/s
South China Sea (Non typhoon): 0.85 m/s
South China Sea (Typhoon): 2.05 m/s
h: dubina mora;
ho: dubina do koje djeluje vjetrovna
komponenta: ho= 50 m; vC_wind
Vt: brzina plimne struje na slobodnoj površini;
Vw: brzina plimne komponente na slobodnoj
površini. 50
d
vC_tidal
Bf 1 (WMO 0, 1): sea like a mirror Bf 1 (WMO 0, 1): Ripples with the appearance
of scales are formed but without foam crests
Minimum fetch: 5 nm
Minimum duration: 18 min
Bf 3 (WMO 1, 2): large wavelets; crests begin Bf 4 (WMO 2, 3): small waves becoming
to break; foam of glassy appearance; perhaps longer; fairly frequent white horses.
scattered white horses. Minimum fetch: 18 – 40 nm
Minimum fetch: 10 nm Minimum duration: 3,8 – 6,6 hours
Minimum duration: 2,4 hours
h1 / 3
Bf 5 (WMO 4, 5): moderate waves; taking a Bf 6 (WMO 5, 6): large waves begin to form;
pronounced long form; many white horses are the white foam crests are more extensive
formed; chance of some spray. everywhere; probably some spray.
Minimum fetch: 55 – 75 nm Minimum fetch: 100 – 180 nm
Minimum duration: 8,3 – 10 hours Minimum duration: 12 – 16 hours
Objekti morske tehnike 23
Alaska bay (16,1 ms-1) Alaska bay (17,6 ms-1)
h1 / 3
Bf 7 (WMO 6, 7): sea heaps up and white Bf 8 (WMO 7, 8): moderately high waves of
foam from breaking waves begins to be blown greater length; edges of crests breaking into
in streaks along the direction of the wind; spindrift; the foam is blown in well marked
spindrift begins. streaks along the direction of the wind.
Minimum fetch: 230 – 340 nm Minimum fetch: 500 – 710 nm
Minimum duration: 20 – 27 hours Minimum duration: 34 – 42 sata
Objekti morske tehnike 24
Nord Sea (21,6 ms-1)
Nord Sea (23,1 ms-1)
h1 / 3
h1 / 3
h1 / 3
h1 / 3
Beaufort No.: 11 Bf Seastate: Beaufort No.: 12 Bf Seastate:
WInd speed: 28,5 – 32,6 WMO9 WInd speed: 32,7 – 36,9 WMO9
m/s : 17,4 – 19,6 m m/s : 22,7 m
Wind description: Violent Wind description:
storm Hurricane
– Keulegan-Carpenterov
uT
K
D
– Strouhalov
0,21
S
C D 0,75
Glatki cilindar,
K = 6 50
Cilindar različite
hrapavosti,
K = 50