7.3 and 7.

Definitions:

1. Mass number: The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus. It
represents the total mass of a particular isotope of an element.(P+N)

2. Average atomic mass: The weighted average of the masses of all the naturally occurring isotopes
of an element. It takes into account the abundance of each isotope and its atomic mass.(average
mass of all natural isotopes in nature)

3. Mole: A unit of measurement for the amount of a substance. It is defined as the amount of a
substance that contains the same number of entities (such as atoms, molecules, or ions) as
there are in 12 grams of pure carbon-12.(Avogadro’s number)

4. Chemical formula: A concise representation of the chemical composition of a molecule or ion,

using symbols for the elements and subscripts to indicate the number of atoms of each element
present.(representation of elements in a compound and their properties)

5. Formula unit: The simplest whole-number ratio of the ionic components in a crystal. It
represents the smallest repeating unit of an ionic compound. (like a ratio of ions
positive:negative in a compound)

6. Molecular formula: A chemical formula that gives the actual number of atoms of each element
in a molecule, rather than just the ratio as in the empirical formula.(long formula with all details
about the compound not a simple one)

7. Molecular mass: The sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule. (sum of the
average which is the average isotopes of all atoms like not just O2 just 1 O but 2 O is measured,
in a molecular long formula)

8. Molar mass: The mass of a substance in grams per mole (g/mol), which is numerically equivalent
to its molecular weight. It is used to convert between the number of moles of a substance and
its mass.(mass of 1 mole in a compound and is measured in g/mole)

The main difference between chemical formula and molecular formula is that in chemical formula you
get a simplified way of writing a compound, while a molecular formula shows everything that compound
has and every atom.

7.3

Using chemical formulas

C12H22O11, this is a chemical formula. Could be ionic or molecular.

Chemical formula

Old information:

Ionic formula: NaCl (compound Is ionic)

Molecular formula: H2O (compound is molecular)

Every compound has a mass, so there is something called formula mass.

1. Molecular mass is the mass of 1 molecule of the compound measured in a. m. u.

2. Molar mass is the mass of 1 mole of the compound. Measured in g/mole

Calculating molecular mass.

Example 1; calculate the molecular and molar mass of the compound sucrose C12H22O11

Given (Average atomic masses(C=12 H+1 O=16))

Molecular masses= sum of average atomic masses at all atoms in a compound

C12H22O11

Molecular mass= (12x12)+(22x1)+(11x16)

=342 a.m.u.

Molar mass= 342 g/mole

Questions:

1. To calculate the molar mass of a compound you need:

- Average atomic masses of the elements of the compound

We use average atomic mass of an element to find the molecular mass, in explanation, we use the
average mass of that thing in nature or between all isotopes and use that mass to substitute it with
the subscript. Then we find the molar mass, which is the mass of that substance or molecule in 1
mole, so we will use /mole (per) and it is measured in g.

What values are you using to calculate:

To find the molar mass, you are using average atomic mass

To find the mass or moles you are using the triangle

To find the empirical formula of a compound you are using the percentages then dividing by the
average atomic mass
To find the molecular formula(sum of all atomic masses) just multiply subscripts by atomic masses
and add.

The molecular mass will be given to divide by the empirical formula

The empirical formula is the same as molar mass but it is just made for empirical formula
compounds that are not completely full.