CHENDHURAN

POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
PUDUKKOTTAI – 622507

FABRICATION OF TILTING AND ANGLE VICE

PROJECT WORK 2021-2022
Done by

NAME REG NO

ABDUL ASRAF M 20214735

ABDURRAHMAN A 20214736
ALAGENDRAN A 20214737
ANANTH A 20214739
ARAVINDHAN B 20214740
ARAVINDHAN R 20214741

Report Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the

“Diploma in Mechanical Engineering” of the
Directorate of technical education,
Government of TamilNadu

Under the Guidance of

Mr.K.KALIESHWARAN.,M.E.
LECTURER

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CHENDHURAN POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

PUDUKKOTTAI – 622507
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the report titled

REGENERATIVE BRAKING SYSTEM

is a bonafide record of work done by

Register Number: of the Department of

Mechanical Engineering in partial fulfillment for the Directorate of Technical

Education, Government of Tamilnadu during the academic year 2019-2020

PROJECT GUIDE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Mr.K.KALIESHWARAN M.E., Dr.SG.SHELVARAJ, M.E, Ph.D.,

(LECTURER/MECH) HOD/MECH and PRINCIPAL

Submitted for the Board Examination held on

Internal Examiner External Examiner

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At the outset, we express our thanks to our esteemed chairman. Thiru AVM
SELVARAJ and beloved CEO Dr. AVM.S.KARTHICK B.E.,MBA., Ph.D for
their dynamic role and for elevation of our institution to greater heights by providing
us with all the infrastructure and other essential facilities.

Also we would like to extend our thanks to our principal & also HOD of
Mechanical Engineering Department Dr. S.G.SHELVARAJ M.E.,Ph.D for his
constant effort in helping us by providing the necessary equipment and materials
that were used to build the project.

Not the more formality but from the depth of our heart, we extend our sincere
thanks to our project guide Mr.K.KALIESHWARAN M.E., lecturer in
Department of Mechanical Engineering for his valuable suggestions, motivation,
and constant support.

We are really indebted to our parents, faculty members and our friends for
their timely help, and for the mental and moral support. Along with their blessing of
the almighty, we will continue to feel the success.

We would like to submit our special thanks to our Department Staff Members
and Lab Instructors and other non teaching staff for their valuable suggestions to
improve the content and quality of the project.

We also exhibit our thanks to one and all who had constantly supported us
either directly or indirectly to complete in completing this project successfully.
 CONTENTS

Chapter no Title Page no

Abstract

I Introduction 01

II Literature Review 10

III Component Description 13

IV Working Principle 17

V Diagram 19

VI Cost Estimation 21

VII Features 24

VIII Conclusion 26

IX References 38
 ABSTRACT

In these modern days, the humans like to do all the works within a certain
time with fast and effectively. At the same time, the job should be fulfilling the
requirement. The drawbacks of earlier system are overcome the existing system.
Fabrication of the tilting and angle machine vice can be operated by using
mechanical linkage such as bevel gears and shaft. By the use of swivel arrangement,
we can achieve the rotation motion. And with the help of nut and screw
arrangement, we can achieve the required angle. The proposed machine vice will be
very useful to these generation and future generation of peoples.
INTRODUCTION

1
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

In this concept the tilting vice is very useful in drilling machine, milling
machines, grinding machines etc.., This is the small machine attachments which we
have designed specially for all machine. By this attachment we can do lot of
operation in different machine. Some complicated components needs differed type
of drilling holes and milling operation. So designing the separate fixture for holding
in such machines is much cost. So this tilting vice attachments shows the most
important in machines. Vices usually have one fixed jaw and another, parallel, jaw
which is moved towards or away from the fixed jaw by the screw.

A vise or vice (see American and British English spelling differences) is a

mechanical screw apparatus used for holding or clamping a work piece to allow
work to be performed on it with tools such as saws, planes, drills, mills,
screwdrivers, sandpaper, etc. Vises usually have one fixed jaw and another, parallel,
jaw which is moved towards or away from the fixed jaw by the screw.

Types

Without qualification, "vise" usually refers to a bench vise with flat, parallel jaws,
attached to a workbench. There are two main types: a woodworking vise and
engineer's vise. The woodworker's bench vise main characteristic is its integration
into the bench. An engineer's bench vise is usually clamped or bolted onto the top of
the bench.

Woodworking vises

For woodworking, the jaws are made of wood, plastic or from metal, in the latter
case they are usually faced with wood to avoid marring the work piece. The top
edges of the jaws are typically brought flush with the bench top by the extension of
the wooden face above the top of the iron moveable jaw.

2
 This jaw may include a dog hole to hold a bench dog. In modern metal
woodworkers' vises, a split nut is often used. The nut in which the screw turns is in
two parts so that, by means of a lever, it can be removed from the screw and the
moveable jaw can be quickly slid into a suitable position at which point the nut is
again closed onto the screw so that the vise may be closed firmly onto the work.

Engineer's vises

A machine vise on a rotary table

Engineer's bench vise or fitter's vise - image inset shows soft jaws
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A small machine vise used in a drill press

An engineer's vise, also known as a metalworking bench vise or fitter's vise, is used
in metalworking applications. The jaws are made of soft or hard metal. The vise is
bolted onto the top surface of the bench with the face of the fixed jaws just forward
of the front edge of the bench. The bench height should be such that the top of the
vise jaws is at or just below the elbow height of the user when standing upright. The
vise may include other features such as a small anvil on the back of its body.

The nut in which the screw turns may be split so that, by means of a lever, it can be
removed from the screw and the screw and moveable jaw quickly slid into a suitable
position at which point the nut is again closed onto the screw. The disadvantage to
this system is lower precision, as compared to a solid screw system. Vise screws are
usually either of an Acme thread form or a buttress thread. Those with a quick-
release nut use a buttress thread. Some vises have a hydraulic or pneumatic screw,
making setup not only faster, but more accurate as human error is reduced

For large parts, an array of regular machine vises may be set up to hold a part that is
too long for one vise to hold. The vises' fixed jaws are aligned by means of a dial
indicator so that there is a common reference plane.

For multiple parts, several options exist, and all machine vise manufacturers have
lines of vises available for high production work:

 The first step is a two clamp vise, where the fixed jaw is in the center of the vise
and movable jaws ride on the same screw to the outside.

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 The next step up is the modular vise. Modular vises can be arranged and bolted
together in a grid, with no space between them. This allows the greatest density
of vises on a given work surface. This style vise also comes in a two clamp
variety.
 Tower vises are vertical vises used in horizontal machining centers. They have
one vise per side, and come in single or dual clamping station varieties. A dual
clamping tower vise, for example, will hold eight relatively large parts without
the need for a tool change.
 Tombstone fixtures follow the same theory as a tower vise. Tombstones allow
four surfaces of vises to be worked on one rotary table pallet. A tombstone is a
large, accurate, hardened block of metal that is bolted to the CNC pallet. The
surface of the tombstone has holes to accommodate modular vises across all four
faces on a pallet that can rotate to expose those faces to the machine spindle.
 New work holding fixtures are becoming available for five-axis machining
centers. These specialty vises allow the machine to work on surfaces that would
normally be obscured when mounted in a traditional or tombstone vise setup.

Jaws

Aluminum soft jaw shown holding five parts at a time in a CNC milling machine.

There are two main types of jaws on engineer's vises: hard and soft. Hard jaws are
available with either a coarse gripping surface or are ground flat and smooth to

5
increase accuracy. The latter relies on pressure for gripping, instead of a rough
surface. An unskilled operator has the tendency to over-tighten jaws, leading to part
deformation and error in the finished workpiece.

Soft jaws are usually made from a soft metal (usually aluminum), plastic, or wood.
They are used to either hold delicate workpieces or cut to hold specifically shaped
workpieces. These specifically cut jaws are often used in place of fixtures and most
commonly used in gang operations. They are also used for rapid change-over type
set-ups since they can be easily engraved with the part number, the job number, or
other information relevant to the job being run. Soft jaws are considered a
consumable item, because they are discarded or recycled after multiple uses.

Others

 hand vises
 machine vises - drill vises (lie flat on a drill press bed). Vises of the same
general form are used also on milling machines and grinding machines.
 compound slide vises are more complex machine vises. They allow speed and
precision in the placement of the work.
 cross vises, which can be adjusted using lead screws in the X and Y axes; these
are useful if many holes need to be drilled in the same workpiece using a drill
press. Compare router table.
 off-center vises
 angle vises
 sine vises, which use gauge blocks to set up a highly accurate angle
 rotary vises
 diemakers' vises
 pin vises (for holding thin, long cylindrical objects by one end)
 jewellers' vises and by contrast

6
 leg vises, which are attached to a bench but also supported from the ground
so as to be stable under the very heavy use imposed by a blacksmith's work.

INTRODUCTION OF VICE AND CLAMPING:

3.1 General

This project namely “Tilting Vice” is designed and fabricated by us is

used for holding steel jobs for various purposes such as cutting, shaping, milling
assembly works etc. It is mostly used by fitter and machinist. It has more
advantages comparatively with other vices. It is light in construction, having more
capacity to hold wooden jobs and other components.

A vice is most common device used to hold work, for carrying out
various operations, due to its quick loading and unloading capability. It may be
fitted on a work-bench (table) or on a machine table. These are named accordingly
as Bench Vice and Machine Vice respectively. For light duty work a small vice may
also be held by hand. Such a vice is called Hand Vice. Provision is made in the
design of each vice to adjust the distance between its jaws for accommodating
different sized jobs. Usually a screwed pair is used for this purpose.

Each vice has four main parts:

1. Fixed Jaw: It is usually integral with the vice body or base.

2. Movable Jaw: It slides on the ways of casting and is operated with a screw
or spindle.

3. Screw: It gives the movable jaw the forward or backward movement and to
do so it is rotated by a handle known as screw bar.

4. Casting: It constitutes the base of the vice and has ways for the movable
bar.

7
But in case of carpentry vice, it is mainly designed specially for wooden jobs to
facilitate operations such as shaping or cutting off to length.

CLAMPING:

Clamping elements hold the work piece firmly engaged with the locating
elements during operation. The clamping system should be strong enough to
withstand forces developed during operation. At the same time, the clamping force
should not dent or damage the work piece. Speed of operation, operator fatigue and
strategic positioning are other important considerations for contriving a clamping
system.

3.2 Principles of Clamping

Position:

Clamping should be positioned to direct the clamping force on a strong,

supported part of the work piece. Clamping on unsupported part bends slender work
pieces affects the accuracy of the operation.

The clamping system should not obstruct the path of loading and unloading of
the work piece. The clamps in the path of loading should be retractable or swinging
type so that the clamps can be withdrawn or swung clear of the path of loading and
unloading of the work piece.

Clamps should not obstruct the path of the cutting tool. They should not get
drilled, milled or welded during operation.

Strength:

The clamping system should be capable of holding the work piece security
against the forces developed during operation. The clamping force should not dent
or damage the work piece with excessive pressure. For clamping weak or fragile
work pieces, the clamping force should be distributed over a wider area of the work

8
piece. While clamping soft work pieces, clamps should be fitted with pads of softer
materials, such as nylon or fibre to prevent damage and denting of the work piece.

Productivity:

Clamping time should be minimized by using hand knobs, tommy bars,

knurled screws, hand wheels and handles so that the clamp can be tightened or
loosened manually without using spanners, as a spanner further adds motions of
picking, aligning, and laying it down.

Operator Fatigue:

Operator fatigue should be taken into account. If a considerable number of

clamps are to be tightened and loosened repeatedly, it is better to use pneumatic or
hydraulic clamping which, in addition to reducing operator fatigue, also saves
clamping time. Power clamping facilitates tightening or loosening of many clamps
simultaneously.

9
LITERATURE SURVEY

10
 CHAPTER II

LITERATURE SURVEY

V. V. Saidpatil , S. R. Tanpure , R. M. Rupanawar and T. V. Daundkar

(ISSN: 2455-5703): A Bench vice or fixture is a production tool. The main aim is to
locate, support and hold the work securely so we can perform the required
machining operations. Feeler or thickness gauges and set blocks are also used to
provide reference of the cutter with the work piece. A bench vice must be easily
fastened with the machine and the table. As a result, the work can be done.

R. Anandhan , P. Gunasekaran , D. Sreenevasan , D. Rajamaruthu (ISSN:

2347-6710): To meet the need of exploding population economic and effective
control of machines is necessary. Our project even is rotated to easily drill at any
direction. So that job setting operation is not complicated as well as reduces the
setting time for the operation. It also takes into consideration the most effective
method of controlling the drilling machine by manually. Materials like wood,
plastic and light metals can be drilled with this. The work piece is fixed on the work
table, which is provided with a moving arrangement.

R.S. Kumar , P.S. Predeep , S.S. raja and C. Rammurugan (ISSN: 2347 –
6710): Tool design is the process of designing and developing the tools, methods,
and techniques necessary to improve manufacturing efficiency and productivity.
The main objectives of tool design are to lower the manufacturing cost while
maintaining the quality and increased production by cutting down time between
machining operations.

Various parameters that forms the main criterion in the tool design are
providing simple, easy-tooperate tools for maximum efficiency, reduction of
manufacturing expenses by producing parts at the lowest possible cost, design of
tools which consistently produce parts of high quality, increasing the rate of
production with existing machine tools, design of tool to make it fool proof and

11
prevent improper use, selection of materials that will give adequate tool life Tooling
refers to the hardware necessary to produce a particular component.

M .Shrikant M. Chougule and D. B. Waghmare (ISSN 2319 – 4847):

Prototyping or model making is one of the important steps to finalize a product
design. Traditional Rapid Prototyping (RP) is commonly referred to as layered
manufacturing or solid free form fabrication. It is used for the physical modelling of
a new product design directly from computer aided design (CAD) data without the
use of any special tooling or significant process engineering.

C. Anuchandran , M. Praveen , R. Karthikeyan and R. Arun ( ISSN : 2321-

0613): An incredible range of manufacturing systems use the force and power of
fluids such as water, oil and air. Powered clamps open and close with the force of
pressurized air or oil, large presses clear shape and form metal with hydraulic
pressure and assembly torque tools fasten components with pressurized air. In each
example, Fluid power provides the energy necessary to exert significant mechanical
forces.

U. Deepak, C. Tharun Prabhakar, P .M. Prasanth, S. Manikandan:

Productivity depends upon many factors, one of the major factors being
manufacturing efficiency with which the operation /activities are carried out in the
organization. Productivity can be improved by reducing the total machining time,
combining the operations etc. In case of mass production where variety of jobs is
less and quantity to be produced is huge, it is very essential to produce the job at a
faster rate.

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COMPONENT
DESCRIPTION

13
 CHAPTER III

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION

This vice has nine parts which are assembled with the help of screw joints
and weld. The parts are,

1. Base
2. Tilting base
3. Position pin
                              4. Fixed jaw
5. Movable jaw
6. Guide rodse
7. Screwed arrester
8. Screw rod
9. Handle
Bolts and nuts are used for hinges and also used as a lock pin.

3.1 BASE

It is the base of the all other parts. The base is welded with hinged edge post.
The hinged edge post connects tilting base and it has vice arrangement. The base
provides a support to the work piece griply and securely. This base is made up of
Grade24 material (M.S), it is welded only by arc welding rod other details, and
specifications are as follows,

3.2 TILING BASE:

It is the base of the vice arrangement. The base is welded with hinged edge
post. The hinged edge post connects tilting base and it has vice arrangement. The
base provides a support to the work piece griply and securely. This base is made up
14
of Grade24 material (M.S), it is welded only by arc welding rod other details, and
specifications are as follows

3.3 POSITION PIN

Position pin is used to fix the angle of vice. In our project we have fabricated one
set of arrester, with the help of fasteners we can fix them.

3.4 FIXED JAW

The fixed jaw is a single piece which is integral with crew rod and guide rod
by means of bolts .these jaws use for clamping the work piece gripply and securely .
The other detail and specifications are given below.

3.5 MOVABLE JAW

A moving jaw of three plates which are fixed to the screw rod
using a bolt and nut. These jaws are also for clamping the work piece gripply and
securely and specifications are given below.

3.6. SCREW ROD

This screwed rod consists of a “V-Thread’ of M 20 and pitch of

2.5 mm of course thread. At one end of the screwed rod , step is formed and a hole
is drilled for inserting the handle rod and to fasten the movable jaw through the
fixed jaw arrangement .

The other details and specifications are given below.

3.7. HANDLE

This is a lengthy cylindrical rod which is inserted to the head of the screwed
rod. It is used for rotating the screw rod in clock wise or in antilock direction.

In order to move the movable jaw holding arrangement forward or

backward. The other details and specification are given below.

3.8 Assembling of Parts

15
To assemble the unit, the screw rod and guide rod are inserted into

Fixed jaws and movable jaws through the holes which are already drilled.
The handle head at the screw rod is inserted with the handle rod and the guide rods
are arrested using M6 bolts. The other end of the screw rod and guide rods are
arrested at the screw arrester using M6 bolts through the holes drilled by tapping
process. The movable jaw is integrated with attached using M20 nut. When the
handle rod is rotated which attached to the screwed rod the movable jaw moves
slides forward over the rod and now the job is fixed between the jaws. When the
handle is rotated in the opposite direction the jaw moves backward and tightens the
job. The movement of the jaw is mainly depends on the rotation of the handle in the
clockwise or anticlockwise direction.

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WORKING PRINCIPLE

17
 CHAPTER IV
WORKING PRINCIPLE
A machine vice usually has hardened jaws which allow it to withstand the
large amount of force that comes with machining applications. The screw is the part
that is in control of opening and closing the jaws of the vice. Machine vice
commonly has a small crank handle which allows the user to apply maximum
clamping force when working, but without having to turn the handle excessively.
This is because the crank handle provides extra leverage when rotating, meaning the
screw can exert greater pressure onto the jaws but without any extra effort from the
user.

Machine vices are often manufactured with a flat bottom base design which
fits firmly against the machine’s table. This allows the vice to fit on the table in
horizontal alignment with the drill bit. Spherical or Rolling pair is needed to tilt
both jaws in desired angle .Fixed jaw has provided the swivelling attachment to tilt
it without any extra effort. Once desired angle is achieved movable jaw is fixed with
help of locking Pins.

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DIAGRAM

19
CHAPTER VI

DIAGRAM

20
COST ESTIMATION

21
 CHAPTER VII

COST ESTIMATION

S.No Part Description Quantity Price

1
Lead screw 1 Rs.120

2 1 Rs.570
Rotating joint

3 1 Rs.90
Rotating disc

5 Frame - Rs.900

Total Rs.1660

LABOUR COST

 Welding

 Grinding

 Power hacksaw

 gas cutting cost

OVERGHEAD CHARGES:

The overhead charges are arrived by ”manufacturing cost”

22
Manufacturing Cost =Material Cost +Labour Cost

= Rs. 1660 + Rs. 1500

= Rs. 3160

Overhead Charges = 20%of the manufacturing cost

= Rs. 632/-

TOTAL COST

Total cost = Material Cost +Labour Cost +Overhead Charges

= 1600 + 1500 + 632

= Rs. 3792/-

Total cost for this project = Rs. 3792 /-

23
FEATURES

24
 CHAPTER VIII
FEATURES
ADVANTAGES

 Less time taken for holding a work piece.

 Easy to handle.

 Unskilled operator also operates easily.

 Increasing production rate.

 Tilt the vice up to 90 degrees.

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CONCLUSION

26
 CHAPTER IX
CONCLUSION

This report details with design of Tilting vice is attached with the Part
drawings. The project carried out by us made an impressing task in the
Manufacturing works. It is very useful for the fitters to clamp job of preferred size
to perform the required operations to be carried out. This project has been designed
to perform the entire requirement task, which has also been provided.

The aim of the project work undertaken is a part of improving the student’s
knowledge towards practical design of rotating and tilting machine vice with the
help of gear train mechanism. ial equipment, group efforts in achieving the targets,
costing, improving the project by reducing various costs. The project is designed
and completed as per the schedule with facilities available in the machine shop and
by purchasing materials in the market. By completing our project, we need the
objectives mentioned for this project is completely fulfilled. So we are satisfied as
for the project is concerned.

27
REFERENCES

28
 CHAPTER X
REFERENCES
[1] A quad-rotor system for driving and flying missions by tilting mechanism of
rotors: From design to control Mechatronics, Volume 24, Issue 8, December 2014,
Pages 1178-1188 S.H. Jeong, S. Jung
[2] Contextual flanks’ tilting and magnitude of illusion of extent Vision Research,
Volume 51, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 58-64 Aleksandr Bulatov, Algis Bertulis,
Lina Mickienė, Tadas Surkys, Arūnas Bielevičius
[3] Tilting and refined Donaldson–Thomas invariants Journal of Algebra, Volume
400, 15 February 2014, Pages 299-314 Magnus Engenhorst
[4] Automated particle correspondence and accurate tilt-axis detection in tilted-
image pairs Journal of Structural Biology, Volume 187, Issue 1, July 2014, Pages
66-75 Maxim Shatsky, Pablo Arbelaez

[5]Jig and fixture design by EDWARD.G.HOFFMAN.

[6]Jigs and fixtures by P.H.JOSHI.

[7]Work shop technology by R.S. KHURMI.

[8]Engineering practice by R.K. NATARAJAN.

[9]Machine tools (vol.2) by S.K. HAJRA CHOUDRY.

[10]Design data by P.S.G. COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

29
PHOTOGRAPHS

30
 CHAPTER XI
PHOTOGRAPHS

31