VIRTUAL ENGINEERING

CAD-CAM
UNIT V
 VIRTUAL REALITY

• VR refers to a computer-generated simulation in which

a person can interact within an artificial three-
dimensional environment using electronic devices.
 AUGMENTED REALITY
AR enhances the real world as it exists with overlays and
does not create an immersive experience.
AUGMENTED REALITY AND
VIRTUAL REALITY
 VIRTUAL REALITY

• VR creates an immersive artificial world that can seem quite

real, via the use of technology.
• Through a virtual reality viewer, users can look up, down, or
any which way, as if they were actually there.
• Virtual reality has many use-cases, including entertainment
and gaming, or acting as a sales, educational, or a training
tool.
 VIRTUAL REALITY
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 EVOLUTION OF VIRTUAL
REALITY

• 1958: Philco Corporation develops a system

based in a visual device of a helmet controlled by
the movements of the user´s head.
 EVOLUTION OF VIRTUAL
REALITY

• 1969: Myron Krueger created interactive

environments that allowed the participation of
the entire body in virtual spaces supported by
computers.
 EVOLUTION OF VIRTUAL REALITY

• Early 70´s: Frederick Brooks´achievement

allows users to move graphical objects through a
mechanic manipulator.

• Late 70´s: MIT develops a filmed map of Aspen

with a simulated trip on video where a traveler
can walk on the streets and explore buildings.
EVOLUTION OF VIRTUAL REALITY
 EVOLUTION OF VIRTUAL REALITY

• During the late 90´s, a group of researchers of

IBM develops an information prototype for the
creation of virtual reality. This system generated
real world models based on 3D and stereoscopic
representations of physical objects with which
several people can interact simultaneously.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRTUAL REALITY
• It is expressed in a 3D graphic language.
• Its behavior is dynamic, and it operates in real time.
• Its operation is based in the user's incorporation into
the “interior” of a computer world.
• It reacts to the users demands.
 OBJECTIVES OF VIRTUAL REALITY
• To create a possible world with objects and to
definer their interrelations.
• To be able to visualize an object or to be inside
of it.
• To let several people to interact in a world that
does not exist in reality.
 VIRTUAL ENGINEERING
Range of scientific, technological, organizational and
business activities using advanced information and
communication methods and tools with major focus on
process and systems integration, immersive visualization and
“human-machine-human” interaction
 VIRTUAL ENGINEERING
Virtual Engineering can incorporate advanced processes
into their existing systems, integrating the product
development, manufacturing, marketing and costing
functions.

All these functions are performed inside a computer-based

environment.
 VIRTUAL PROTOTYPING
• Virtual Prototyping is a software form of
prototyping that uses advanced graphics and
virtual-reality environments to allow designers to
examine a part.
 VIRTUAL PROTOTYPING
• This technology can be used by common and
conventional CAD packages with the following
objectives:

❖ Render a part
❖ Observation of a part
❖ Evaluation of the part while it is being drawn
 VIRTUAL PROTOTYPING
The simple forms of these systems use complex
software and 3-D graphics routines to allow
viewers to change the view of the parts on a
computer screen.
 VIRTUAL PROTOTYPING

• More complicated versions use different

accessories like gloves with appropriate sensors
to let the user observe a computer-generated
prototype of the desired part in a completely
virtual environment.
 VIRTUAL PROTOTYPING

• This technology has the advantage of the

instantaneous rendering of the parts for
evaluation, but the more advanced systems are
costly.
 VIRTUAL PROTOTYPING

• Due that this technology is not easy to be

understood during its application and needs
complex software interfaces, many manufacturing
and design practitioners prefer a physical
prototype to evaluate.
 VIRTUAL PROTOTYPING

An important advantage of virtual prototyping

over mechanical or physical prototyping, is that
designers are able to detect and eliminate more
errors in the virtual environment.
 VIRTUAL PROTOTYPING

• The best example of complicated products being

produced totally in a paperless design is the
Boeing 777 aircraft, where mechanical fits and
interferences were evaluated on a CAD system
and difficulties were corrected before
manufacture of the first production model.