Chemistry Model Paper – 5 Scheme

PART-A
I. Answer any TEN of the following 1x10=10
1. Define osmotic pressure.
Osmotic pressure of a solution is defined as “the pressure to be applied on the solution of
higher concentration just to stop osmosis”.
2. Write the mathematical expression for elevation in boiling point.
w 2 1000
∆Tb = Kb ×
M 2  w1
3. What are ideal solutions?
A solution which obeys Raoult's law at all concentration and temperature is called an ideal
solution.
4. Which substance is usually added into water in the car radiator to act as antifreeze?
Ethylene glycol
5. Mention any two methods for the protection of corrosion.
Galvanization and painting the surface.
6. Write the SI unit of cell constant?
m-1 or cm-1
7. In the following electrochemical cell what is the reduction half-cell reaction?
Mn(s)|Mn2+(aq)||Fe3+(aq)|Fe(s).
Fe3+ Fe
8. Why noble gases have positive electron gain enthalpy?
Due to stable octet electronic configuration.
9. Noble gases have very low boiling point. Why?
Due to weak Vander Waals forces of attractions.
10. Write the structure of XeF6.

11. Name the catalyst used for hydrogenation of oils.

Finely divided Ni/Pd/Pt
12. Why most of the transition metal salts are coloured?
Due to intra d-d transition.
13. Name a member of the lanthanoid series which is well known to exhibit + 4 oxidation
State.
Cerium (Ce)
14. What is Tollen's reagent?
Ammoniacal silver nitrate solution.
15. Name the reagent used in Étard’s Reaction.
CrO2Cl2 in CS2 or CCl4 (Chromyl chloride in carbon di sulphide or carbon tetra chloride)
PART-B
 II. Answer ANY FIVE of the following: 2x5=10
16. What are azeotropes? Mention its types.
Azeotropes are binary mixtures having the same composition in liquid and vapour phase
and boil at a constant temperature.
Minimum Boiling Azeotropes and Maximum Boiling Azeotropes
17. Explain reverse osmosis for the desalination of sea water.

If a pressure larger than the osmotic pressure is applied to the solution side, the pure
solvent (or water) flows out of the solution through the semipermeable membrane. In this
way the direction of osmosis is reversed and so the process is called reverse osmosis. Thus,
we can say that reverse osmosis is just opposite to the osmosis when an extra pressure is
applied. Reverse osmosis is used in desalination to get pure water from sea water.
18. The limiting molar conductivity of CH3COONa, HCl and NaCl is 91.0, 426.16 and 126.45
Scm2mol-1 respectively. Calculate limiting molar conductivity of CH3COOH.

19. Mention any two applications of electrochemical series. (Any two of the following)
1) The element kept at the top of the electrochemical series is F2 with highest E0 value. It is a
powerful electron acceptor, & best oxidizing agent.
2) The element kept at the bottom of the electrochemical series is Li with least E0 value. It is
a powerful electron donor, & best reducing agent.
3) The element, which is placed at one particular position in ECS can reduce any other ion,
which are placed above it in ECS. But cannot reduce an ion, which is placed below it in
ECS.
4) a) Zinc displaces hydrogen from dilute acids, but copper cannot
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl 2 + H 2  this is because Zn is more electropositive with less E0 value
than hydrogen and copper is less electropositive with higher E0 value than hydrogen.
b) Zinc displaces copper from CuSO4 solution but copper can’t displace Zn from ZnSO4
solution because Zn is having less E0 value than copper.
5) With the help of ECS, one can select suitable reducing agent for the reduction of metal
ions into metals.
20. Write the chemical equations taking place at different electrode in lead storage cell.

at anode: + SO−𝟐
Pb
−
𝟒 → PbSO𝟒 + 2e (oxidation)
⊕ −
at cathode: PbO𝟐 + 4H + SO𝟒 + 𝟐𝒆 → PbSO𝟒 + 2H𝟐 O (reduction)
-2

The cell reaction is Pb + PbO𝟐 + 4H+ + 2SO-2 𝟒 → 2PbSO𝟒 + 2H𝟐 O (red-ox reaction).
21. Define Kohlrausch’s law and write its mathematical expression.
This law states, “The limiting molar conductivity of an electrolyte solution is the sum of the
individual contributions of the conductivity of the anion and cation for the electrolyte.”
i.e. 0m = + + −
22. Noble gases are chemically less reactive give two reasons.
Noble gases are chemically less reactive due to high ionization enthalpy and positive
electron gain enthalpy.
23. Give reasons i) Helium is used as diluent for oxygen in modern diving apparatus.
ii) Helium is used in ceiling balloons for Meteorological observations.
i) To avoid the toxic effects of high concentration of nitrogen in the blood, the tanks used
by scuba divers are filled with air diluted with helium (11.7% helium, 56.2% nitrogen
and 32.1% oxygen).
ii) Because it is light gas and non-inflammable
24. Between methyl amine and ammonia which is more basic? Give reason.
Methylamine.
In methyl amines, the electron density on the nitrogen increases due to +I effect of alkyl
group and substituted ammonium is stabilized due to positive charge by +I effect of alkyl
group. Hence methyl amine is more basic than ammonia.
25. Explain carbylamine reaction by taking aniline as example.
Aniline when heated with chloroform and alcoholic KOH results in the formation of
phenyl isocyanide this reaction is known as carbylamine reaction.

PART-C
III. Answer ANY FIVE of the following: 5x3=15
26. Write the equations involved in the preparation of nitric acid by Ostwald process by
maintaining the reaction conditions.
1. This involves catalytic oxidation of ammonia by atmospheric oxygen, in presence of Pt/Rh
at 500K & 9 bar.
4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
2. NO formed is oxidised to NO2in presence of oxygen.
2NO(g) + O2(g) 2NO2(g)
3. It dissolves in water to form nitric acid.
3NO2(g)+ H2O(l) 2HNO3(aq)+ NO(g)
The nitric acid formed is concentrated by distillation up to 68%. It is further
concentrated up to 98% by dehydration using conc., H2SO4.
27. Complete the following equations.
i) PbS + 4O3
ii) Cu + 2H2SO4
iii) Cl2 + 2H2O + SO2
i) PbS + 4O3 PbSO4 + 4O2
ii) Cu + 2H2SO4 CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
iii) Cl2 + 2H2O + SO2 H2SO4 + 2HCl
28. a) Which is the strongest acid among the hydrogen halides? Give one reason. (2+1)
b) Write the structure of chloric acid HClO3.
a) Hl is the strongest acid among the hydrogen halides because it has low bond
dissociation enthalpy.
b)
29. a) Write any two anomalous behaviours of oxygen. (2+1)
b) Write the structure of sulfuric acid.
a) Anomalous properties of oxygen are
1. Oxygen is able to form hydrogen bonds because of its small size and higher
electronegativity. The Other elements cannot form hydrogen bonds because of less
electronegativity as a result water is liquid while H2S is gas.
2. Oxygen has maximum covalency of 4 but in other elements covalency exceeds four
because due to availability of vacant d orbitals in their valence shell to expand covalency.
b)

30. a) How does hot and concentrated Sodium Hydroxide reacts with chlorine? Write
equation.
b) How does electronegativity of halogens vary down the group? (2+1)
a) When chlorine gas reacts with hot and concentrated in NaOH which results in the
formation of sodium chloride, sodium chlorate and water.
6NaOH+ 3Cl2 5NaCl + NaClO3 +3H2O
b) Down the group electronegativity decreases.
31. a) Calculate the spin only magnetic moment of Fe+2. (2+1)
b) Why Sc+3 salts are colourless whereas Cr+3 salts are coloured?
a)

b) Scandium + 3 salt are colourless due to the absence of unpaired electrons chromium +3
salts are coloured due to the presence of unpaired electrons.
32. Explain the preparation of potassium permanganate from pyrolusite ore with balanced
chemical equation.
Potassium permanganate is prepared by fusion of MnO2 with an alkali metal hydroxide
and an oxidising agent like KNO3. This produces the dark green K2MnO4 which
disproportionate in a neutral or acidic solution to give permanganate.
2MnO2 + 4KOH + O2 → 2K2MnO4 + 2H2O
3MnO42– + 4H+ → 2MnO4– + MnO2 + 2H2O
33. What is Lanthanide contraction? Write the general electronic configuration of
lanthanides and actinides.
The decrease in atomic and ionic size from La to Lu with increase in atomic number is
known as lanthanoid contraction.
 General electronic configuration of lanthanides [Xe]4f1-14 5d0-1 6s2
General electronic configuration of actinides [Rn]5f1-14 6d0-1 7s2
34. a) What are interstitial compounds?
b) i) Cerium does not exhibit +4 Oxidation state in solution. Why?
ii) Actinoid contraction is Greater from element to element than lanthanoid contraction.
a) The compounds in which small atoms like carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen are
entrapped in the crystal lattice of metals are called interstitial compounds.
b) i) Cerium does not exist +4 Oxidation state in solution state because Ce+4 is strong
oxidizing agent it can easily reduce to Ce+3.
ii) The shielding effect of 5f orbitals is poorer than the shielding effect of 4f orbitals. Due
to this, the valence shell electrons of actinide experience greater effective nuclear charge
than that experienced by lanthanides. Hence, actinoid contraction is greater than
lanthanoid contraction.
35. a) Write any two consequences of Lanthanide contraction. (2+1)
b) Write the general oxidation state of lanthanides.
a) (i) The radii of the members of the third transition series to be very similar to those of
the corresponding members of the second series.
Ex. The almost identical radii of Zr (160 pm) and Hf (159 pm) &Nb (146pm) & Ta
(146pm)
(ii) Difficulty in separation of lanthanoids due to similarity in chemical properties.
(iii) Zr and Hf have almost the same chemistry, i.e., these occurs together in natural
mineral and are difficult to separate.
(iv) The covalent character of hydroxides increases. La(OH)3 is more basic and Ln(OH)3
is least basic.
b) +3

PART-D
IV. Answer ANY THREE of the following: 5x3=15
36. a) A 5% solution (by mass) of cane sugar in water has freezing point of 271 K. Calculate
the freezing point of 5% glucose in water if freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K.
b) State Raoult’s Law. Give its mathematical expression. (3+2)
a)

b) The law states that “for a solution of volatile liquids, the partial vapour
pressure of each component of the solution is directly proportional to its mole
 fraction present in solution at constant temperature”.

37. a) The vapour pressure of pure benzene at a certain temperature is 0.850 bar. A non-
volatile, non-electrolyte solid weighing 0.5 g when added to 39 g of benzene (molar mass
78 g mol-1), vapour pressure becomes 0.845 bar. What is the molar mass of the solid
substance? (3+2)
b) What are hypertonic solutions? What happens when red blood corpuscles are placed in
0.5 % NaCl solution
a)

b) The concentrated solution which has a higher osmotic pressure (than the cell fluid) is
said to be hypertonic solutions. RBC Cells Swells.
38. a) Addition of 0.643 g of a compound 50 cm3 of benzene (density = 0.879 gcm-3) lowers the
freezing point from 5.51oC to 5.03oC. If Kf for benzene is 5.12 Kkgmol-1 calculate the
molar mass of the compound.
(3+2)
b) Give reason for the following
i) Why we cannot get 100% pure ethanol by distillation.
ii) Why fishes in a pond die in summer.
a)

b) i) It forms azeotropes with water.

ii) due to low concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the water.
39. a) Calculate the value of ΔG° at 298 K for the cell reaction (2+3)
3Mg(s) + 2Al+3(aq) 3Mg+2(aq) + 2Al(s)
(Given E° Mg = -2.36 V, E° Al = -1.66 V, F = 96487 Cmol-1)
b) Aluminum displaces the hydrogen from dilute acid whereas silver does not. Emf of the
cell prepared by combining Al/Al+3 and Ag/Ag+ is 2.46V. Calculate the reduction potential
of aluminum. (Given: E° Ag = +0.8V).
a)

b)

40. a) Calculate EMF of the cell for the reaction (3+2)

+2
Mg(s) + Cu (0.0001M) +2 o
Mg (0.001M) + Cu(s). E Cell = 0.34V
b) Calculate the Ʌ°m MgCl2. The limiting molar conductivities of Mg2+ and Cl- ions are
106.0 Scm²mol-1 and 76.3 Scm²mol-1 respectively.
a)

b)
41. a) Calculate equilibrium constant for the reaction: Cu(s) + 2Ag+ (aq) → Cu+2(aq) +
2Ag(S); E0cell= +0.46V. (3+2)
b) Write the differences between electrochemical cell and electrolytic cell.
a)

b)

V. Answer ANY FOUR of the following: 4x5=20

42. a) Explain the mechanism of addition of HCN to acetone in presence of base. (3+2)
b) What is the action of hydrazine on acetaldehyde? Write the reaction.
a) In the mechanism of addition of HCN to acetone the nucleophile CN- attacks carbonyl
carbon gives tetrahedral intermediate which on protonation gives acetone cyanohydrin.

b) Acetaldehyde on reaction with hydrazine gives acetaldehyde hydrazone

CH3-CH=O +NH2-NH2 ——→ CH3-CH=N-NH2 +H2O
43. a) Explain Rosemond reduction with an example. (2+2+1)
 b) Explain Wolff Kishner reduction of acetone.
c) Between 2-pentanone and 3-pentanone which one undergoes haloform reaction?
a) The Rosenmund reaction is a hydrogenation process where molecular hydrogen reacts
with the acyl chloride in the presence of catalyst – palladium on barium sulphate.

b) When Acetone react with hydrazine gives corresponding Acetone hydrazone which on
treating with strong base NaOH or KOH in ethylene glycol gives propane. This reaction is
Wolff Kishner reduction.

c) 2-pentanone
44. a) Complete the following reactions: (3+2)

i)

ii)

iii)

b) Explain cross aldol condensation with an example.

a) i)

ii)

iii)
 b) Aldol condensation is carried out between two different aldehydes or different ketones
or between an aldehyde and Ketone it is called cross aldol condensation or mixed aldol
condensation

45. a) Explain Stephen reduction reaction. (2+2+1)

b) Explain esterification reaction of carboxylic acids.
c) Name the hybridized state of carbon atom in carbonyl group.
a) Nitriles on reduction with stannous chloride in presence of concentrated HCl gives
imine hydrochloride which on hydrolysis gives an aldehyde this reaction is called Stephen
reduction.

b) Carboxylic acids react with alcohols in presence of concentrated sulphuric acid or HCl
gas gives esters having fruity smell this reaction is called esterification.

c) sp2
46. a) Write the Haworth structure of sucrose. (2+2+1)
b) What are polysaccharides? Give example.
c) Name the nitrogenous base which is present only in RNA.
a)

b) Polysaccharides are carbohydrates with undergo hydrolysis to give large number of

monosaccharide units they are not sweet in taste they are non-sugars. Examples: Starch,
Cellulose, Glycogen etc.
c) Uracil
47. a) What are monosaccharides? How are they classified based on the number of carbon
atoms? (3+2)
b) Name the different types of RNA.
a) Monosaccharides are carbohydrates which do not undergo further hydrolysis to give
simple polyhydroxy aldehyde Ketone. Example: Glucose, Galactose, Fructose.
 Based on the number of carbon atoms there classified as Trioses, Tetroses, Pentoses,
Hexoses, Heptoses.
b) m-RNA, r-RNA and t-RNA
48. a) Name the deficiency disorder caused due to the deficiency of Vit-C and Vit-D. (2+2+1)
b) Write a note on secondary structure of proteins.
c) Give an example for steroid hormone.
a) Vit-C: Scurvy, Vit-D: Rickets.
b) It refers to the shape in which a long polypeptide chain can exist. There are two types
of secondary structure, namely α-helix and β-pleated sheet structure.
α-helix: In α-helix, the chain of α-amino acids coil into right-handed screw (helix) due to
the formation of hydrogen bonding between –NH group and one amino acid with –CO-
group of other.
β-pleated structure: In β-pleated structure the peptide chains are structured out and laid
side by side which are held together by intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The structure
resembles the pleated folds of drapery and therefore known as β-pleated sheet.
c) Testosterone, Estrogens and Progestogens etc.
49. a) What is the action of concentrated sulphuric acid on aniline? Write the equation.
(2+2+1)
b) i) Which among aryl amine and ammonia is more basic? Give reason. ii) Arrange
primary secondary and tertiary methyl amines in the increasing order of their basic
strength in aqueous medium.
a) Aniline reacts with conc. sulphuric acid to give anilinium hydrogen sulphate which on
heating with sulphuric acid at 453-473 K gives p-aminobenzene sulphonic acid
(sulphanilic acid) as a major product.

b) Ammonia. In aryl amine lone pair of electrons on nitrogen is conjugation with benzene
ring and thus making less available for protonation
c) 2°>1°>3°
50. a) Explain coupling reaction with an example. (2+2+1)
b) Write a note on Mendius reaction by taking methyl cyanide as example.
c) An amine requires 3 moles of alkyl halide to give quaternary ammonium salt. Name the
type of amine.
a) Benzene diazonium chloride (BDC) reacts with phenol in which the phenol molecule at
its para position is coupled with the diazonium salt to form p-hydroxyazobenzene
(Orange dye). This type of reaction is known as coupling reaction. Similarly, the reaction
of diazonium salt with aniline yields p-aminoazobenzene (Yellow dye).

b) Reduction of nitrile using sodium amalgam in ethanol to yield primary amine is called
Mendius reaction.
c) Primary amine

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