Natural Products: Development of dishwashing liquid from Garlic (Allium sativum)

and Kamias (Averrhoa bilimbi)

Background of the study

Dishwashing is necessary to keep a kitchen clean and safe, clean dishes and utensils
are important especially to family health. It is one of the major house chores where
people do every day. Proper dishwashing is needed because it is such a critical step in
preventing the spread of germs and bacteria. Bacteria are everywhere and people are
indeed exposed to the infectious effect of bacteria. Bacteria can easily spread in the
kitchen and easily distribute from one surface to another. Also, bacteria can cause
foodborne illnesses if they get into food.

Foodborne illness is one of the problems faced by our society. Bacteria can be found in
small quantities in all foods and improper handling of food and dishes can cause
foodborne disease. Diarrhea is a common symptom of foodborne illness, which usually
lasts 1 to 7 days. Abdominal cramps, nausea, fever, and fatigue are all possible
symptoms.

Averrhoa bilimbi (Kamias) is a small tree, it is souring condiments in food due to its
acidic properties. However, in recent years, Kamias were found out to contain
antimicrobial, oxalic acid, iron, and antioxidants components. It has been stated Kamias
or bilimbi fruit has a high vitamin C and B. The components of Kamias extracts can be
utilized as an alternative dishwashing liquid.

Garlic (Allium sativum) is a type of plant that is consumed by humans. It is used widely
as a flavoring in cooking since it has a a good aroma and taste. Garlic (Allium sativum)
is considered a vegetable. Garlic suggests many medical benefits however, it can be
considered as a cleaning agent due to its antimicrobial content. Antimicrobial
components prevent and destroy not only bacteria, but also fungi, parasites, and certain
viruses.

Combining the idea of Kamias and garlic into the harmless dishwashing agent would
make a huge impact in society particularly in cleaning dishes without any hazardous
acts. The main purpose of the research is to make an alternative dishwasher agent with
less cost and make a product without any toxic chemicals. Both product Kamias and
Garlic is eco-friendly and it is doesn't contain a toxic chemical that would harm
environment and health conditions.
Review of Related literature

This chapter introduced and presents a review of related literature and related
information about the specific topic.

Bilimbi Fruit
In the Philippines, Averrhoa bilimbi is known as Kamias, which translates to "cucumber
tree" or "tree sorrel" in English. The tree, which grows to a height of 5 to 12 meters, is
native to Southeast Asia and was once popular in all local backyards. It's a fruit-bearing
tree with small (4 cm long), green, acidic fruits that can be used in a variety of dishes.
The sour taste of Kamias is added to dishes.

Oxalic Acid
According to healthy humans, Kamias can be a stain remover, using extract of Kamias
fruit, it can remove stains in fabric clothes. It has an oxalic acid content and oxalic acid
has many roles as a bleach, metal polish, stain remover, and mordant. It is used as a
bleaching agent for Straw hats, Leather, and Wood. Oxalic acid acts as a reducing
agent for metal oxides to remove tarnish as well as rust or ink stains. Oxalic acid serves
as a cleaner, metal polish, stain remover, and mordant. Kamias has a high oxalic acid
content, to the point that some companies use it as the primary ingredient in organic
detergents. (Cameo, 2016)

Related Studies

Moktar SI, Aziz Na (2016) stated that The Kamias (A. Bilimbi) Extracts from younger
fruits are more protective against bacteria. The high content of bioactive compounds in
the early stages of fruit development can contribute to the fruit's antimicrobial properties.

The discovery of the ability of Kamias extracts as a stain remover, according to the
different studies will be a breakthrough and add to knowledge in the field of molecular
biology. The study concluded that Averrhoa Bilimbi L is an efficient alternative stain
remover, though some stains still need a little scrubbing.

Francisco Q. Duque Medical Foundation Special Science High school conducted a

study on the effectiveness of Kamias and vinegar as stain remover alternatives and the
study was focused on the significant difference in bleaching effects of Kamias and
vinegar. They used different stains to evaluate the efficiency of vinegar and Bilimbi.
They compared the two different organic stain remover and based on their result both
Kamias and vinegar have the ability to remove the stain. Both Organic bleaches can be
utilized in removing stains.
Allium sativum (garlic)
Garlic has been known to have antimicrobial properties for a long time. Garlic
concentrate was found to be effective against bacteria in a 2011 report. Garlic (Allium
sativum) belongs to the Liliaceae family. It's an erect annual herb with adventitious roots
and bulbs made up of a disk that resembles a stem. It has a long tradition as a
medicinal plant, started with a direction of preparing a medicinal remedy written in a
cuneiform character in about 3000 BC. Scientific investigations of garlic preparations
began in 1939. (Abiy E, Berhe A., 2016)

Allicin
According to the American Society for Microbiology, allicin is the antibacterial
component found in Garlic. Allicin can also deactivate viruses such as influenza B,
herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, rhinovirus, and human cytomegalovirus, plus inhibit the
growth of a broad range of parasites. Allicin (diallylthiosulfinate) is a potent antimicrobial
substance, produced by garlic tissues upon wounding as a defense against pathogens
and pests.

Related Studies

Research has found that garlic can be an effective treatment against many forms of
bacteria, according to the study of Pasteur in 1990, a French chemist and
microbiologist, garlic's potential as an antibacterial agent is capable of killing bacteria
the way penicillin does and can disinfect bacteria from wounds. This study proved that
garlic is an anti-microbial and anti-bacterial agent to heal wounds and treat infections.
But the study stated that the effectiveness of garlic as an antibacterial and antibiotics
needs more research to have definite and accurate findings.

Other research proves that garlic has an antibacterial effect. The study of Amir Sasan
("Antibacterial Effect of Garlic Aqueous Extract on Staphylococcus aureus in
Hamburger", 2014) expressed that the Alium sativum has an antibacterial effect on the
hamburger. The researchers concluded that garlic extract has anti-bacterial properties
against S. aureus bacteria and Escherichia coli.

Several research studies suggest that Allium sativum can be an insect repellent. works
well. According to Patrick Parker, SavATree Plant Health Care Program Director, garlic
can be used to repel a range of crawling and flying insects, including mosquitoes. One
garlic treatment lasts for two weeks and can keep insects away for up to a month.

General objectives
1. The general objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of kamias and
garlic as an alternative dishwashing liquid

Specific objectives

1.) Create a dishwashing liquid that has a less amount of chemical and environment
friendly

2.). Use Kamias and Garlic as primary ingredients in making dishwashing alternative

3.) Create alternative dishwashing that can be compared to commercialize products in

terms of effectiveness.

Statement of the Problem

The main objective of the study is to test the effectiveness of a Bilimbi and Satuvinum
as an alternative for removing grease and stain on kitchen wares such as utensils,
glass, and others.

This study was conducted to answer the following questions.

1. Will the dishwashing liquid made from Kamias and Garlic be an effective dishwashing
liquid?

2. How effective is the alternative dishwashing liquid in terms of removing grease,

oiliness, and stain in kitchen wares?

3. Between alternative dishwashing liquid and commercialized dishwashing liquid which

is better in terms of fragrance, cleanliness after washing different kitchen wares?

Abridge Methodology

Research design

This study will utilize experimental design to find out the antibacterial effect of Kamias
and Garlic as alternative dishwashing liquid.

The study will use the following materials.

  Garlic
 20 pcs of Kamias
 Blender
 Foam booster for dishwashing liquid
 Bottle container
 Beaker
 Strainer
 1/2 cup white vinegar
 Water

1. Preparation of materials and equipment

The researcher provided the materials needed for the experiment; the researchers
equipped herself with the appropriate materials to be used for the research

II. Sterilization of materials

The materials and equipment will be heat up for 3-8 minutes. So that the process of
making a product is precisely and the results of the experiment is accurate.

III. Process of the dishwashing liquid

The Kamias fruit and Garlic will be washed with water. And then, slice the Kamias and
peel the Garlic. Put the sliced Kamias and garlic on the boiling pan. Add 3 -4 cups of
water. Heat the Kamias and Garlic and stir them continuously. The Kamias and garlic
will be boiled for about 10-20 minutes. After the boiling procedure, wait until it gets cool
because it will be crush with a blender. After that, it will be filtered on the strainer. Heat
the mixture again and add the additional ingredients which are baking soda and vinegar.
When the mixture is warm enough for 5-10 minutes, put the mixture on a clean bottle or
container and let it cool for 1 day. If need, add a small amount of foam booster to
enhances the liquid capacity to produce foam.

IV. Testing the ability of dishwashing liquid in removing stain, grease, and odor
on kitchen wares

The research will test the effectiveness of the alternative product. The alternative
product will be compared to a commercialized product. The researcher washed kitchen
wares with two different products, the alternative, and the commercialized product.

100%- Absolutely Cleaned

80% - Cleaned
50% - Moderate Cleaned

10% - not cleaned

V. Tabulation of data

Effectiveness of Kamias and Garlic as dishwashing alternative. Using UV light

Product Effectiveness Fragrance Ability to clean

Alternative Product
(Kamias and Garlic)

100%- Very High

80% - High

50%- Moderate-High

10%- Lowest

Comparison between Commercial and natural alternative products. Using UV light

Brand Oiliness Grease Odor

Alternative Product
(Kamias and Garlic)

Commercialized
Product (Brand X)

100%- Absolutely Cleaned

80% - Cleaned

50% - Moderate Cleaned

10% - not cleaned at all

Timeline
 Research Section Duration

Research title 1 day

Data gathering - Research about the components of 4 days

Kamias and Garlic.

Making the review of related literature 3 days

Making the objective and methodology 3 days

Canvasing the Materials 1 day

Collecting and preparing the materials 6 days

Conducting the experiment and production of 2 days

alternative dishwashing liquid

Data Analysis and collecting the results 3 days

Making conclusions about the experiment 4 days

Final Research Paper 4 days

REFERENCE