K to 12 Program

STEM Program
Rafanan, R., (2020) stated that the Philippines' Department of Education began
offering senior high school as a component of their K–12 curricula in 2016–2017.
To offer students adequate time and equip them with the knowledge and abilities
they need to be prepared for future job, an additional two years were added to
the curriculum. This program offers four courses, one of which being the
academic track with the STEM strand.

Factors Influencing Grade 12 Senior High School Students’ Selection of Course in

College
According to Ouano et al. (2019), choosing a career is a significant phase in the
life of a student. To make a decision, students must take into account various
factors. Education is widely recognized as a solution to various socio-economic
issues globally. Countries and individuals rely on education to address issues such
as poverty, ignorance, unemployment, poor governance, inadequate
infrastructure, and more. Therefore, countries around the world strive for a
better quality of life and social status through informed career choices, especially
for college students.
Prieto, E. & Dugar, N. (2017) claimed that Australia is facing a shortage of skilled
workers in STEM fields and this trend is unlikely to improve if there continues to
be low enrollment in high-level math courses in secondary school.
Christensen, R. & Knezek, G., (2017), argue that understanding middle school
students' perceptions of STEM dispositions is essential for preparing not only the
future STEM workforce but also future citizens.
Ouano et al. (2019) also stated that various factors, such as decision-making,
interest, peer influence, and considerations about the institution and future job
opportunities, affect the college course selection of Grade 12 Senior High School
students. These factors have an impact on the students' college course choices,
with institutional factors, such as location, educational facilities, cost, and
employment opportunities, being particularly important.
According to (Rivera, H. & Li, J.T., 2020), various factors may influence a student's
STEM college learning and career orientation such as parental involvement,
engagement in STEM related activities, teacher support, effective teaching
methods of STEM teachers, technology-assisted learning and self-efficacy.

According to Garcia J., et al. (2017), the top career choice for student from
University of Batangas in STEM fields is engineering, but some students may
pursue other STEM careers. They found that current STEM programs have varying
levels of influence on students' career choices and suggest that internship and on-
the-job training programs are the most effective. The researchers recommend
strengthening these programs by holding seminars, creating STEM organizations,
and incorporating them into coursework and instruction.

Christensen, R. & Knezek, G., (2017). Relationship of Middle School Student STEM
Interest to Career Intent, Journal of Education in Science, Environment and
Health, Vol. 3(1), 1-13. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/256850
Ouano, et al., 2019. Factors Influencing on Grade 12 Students’ Chosen Courses in
Jagobiao National High School – Senior High School Department. International
Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Vol. 9, Issue 1, p. 421-439.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330815017_FACTORS_INFLUENCING_
ON_GRADE_12_STUDENTS_CHOSEN_COURSES_IN_JAGOBIAO_NATIONAL_HIGH_
SCHOOL_-_SENIOR_HIGH_SCHOOL_DEPARTMENT
Garcia J., et al. (2017). Career Aspirations of Stem Students of University of
Batangas Towards STEM Careers.
https://www.dlsu.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/pdf/conferences/research-
congress-proceedings/2017/LLI/LLI-II-035.pdf
Prieto, E. & Dugar, N. (2017). An Enquiry into the Influence of Mathematics on
Students’ Choice of STEM Careers, International Journal of Science and
Mathematics Education, Vol. 15, p. 1501-1520.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10763-016-9753-7
Rafanan, R., 2020. Pursuing STEM Careers: Perspectives of Senior High School
Students, Participatory Educational Research, Vol. 7(3), p. 38-58.
https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1193431
Rivera, H. & Li, J.T., (2020). Potential Factors to Enhance Students' STEM College
Learning and Career Orientation, Front. Educ., Vol. 5.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2020.00025/full