SPEECH AND THEATER ARTS
the printed page except when using
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEAKING
PUBLIC SPEAKING
- (sometimes termed as oratory or oration)
is the process or act of performing a
presentation ( a speech) focused around an
individual directly speaking to a live
audience in a structured, deliberate
manner in order to inform, influence, or
entertain them.
- is commonly understood as the formal,
face-to-face talking of a single person to a
group of listeners for the purpose of
communication.
FOUR TYPES OF SPEECH DELIVERY
1. EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH
2. IMPROMPTU SPEECH
3. MANUSCRIPT SPEECH
4. MEMORIZED SPEECH
EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH
 are speeches that are carefully prepared
and practiced by the speaker before the
actual speaking time.
 this speech involves the speaker’s use of
notes and some embellishment to deliver
a speech.
 its arguments, appeals, and organization
are carefully planned.
IMPROMPTU SPEECH
 Is the presentation of a short message
without advanced preparation.
 Speakers is called upon with little or no
warning.
 Speakers talks about a topic that he/she
knows well.
 Speech is unprepared.
MANUSCRIPT SPEECH
 Is a word-for-word iteration of a written
message.
 The speakers maintains their attention on
presentation aids.
 Not effective in persuasion because it
doesn’t take advantage of the immediacy
of public speaking.
 Appropriate in situation where specific
wording is required (ie. Legal
consideration, newscasts, acting)
MEMORIZED SPEECH
 Is reciting a written message that the
speaker has committed to memory.
 Speech is prepared and memorized
before the speaking events.
 The advantage to memorized speech is
that it enables to speaker to maintain eye
contact with the audience throughout the
speech.
WHY STUDY PUBLIC SPEAKING?
 EMPOWERMENT
- Give you an edge
- Audition for leadership
 EMPLOYMENT
- 1st factor sought by employers
- 2nd is writing skills
LESSON 1:
BASIC COMMUNICATION CONCEPTS
What is Communication?
- is a process of sharing and conveying
messages or information from one person
within and across channels, media and
culture (McCornack, 2014)
- it is the transference of meaning between
individuals and the means of reaching ,
understanding, and influencing others
(Jayasree, n.d.)
COMMUNICATION UNIVERSALS:
1. You cannot “not” communicate.
2. All communication has content and
relationship dimensions.
• Content- literal meaning, information
• Relationship- defines the relationship
between the sender and receiver.
 • Features of relationship that get defined
in message exchanges include:
- liking, responsiveness (intensity), control
and trust.
3. Communication is a series of punctuated
events.
4. Communication is irreversible and
unrepeatable.
5. Communication is culture-specific
THE 8 ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF
COMMUNICATION:
1. SOURCE
2. MESSAGE
3. CHANNEL
4. RECEIVER
5. FEEDBACK
6. ENVIRONMENT
7. CONTEXT
8. INTERFERENCE
1 SOURCE
 is the one who carries and sends the
message. Thus, he or she create the
message.
2 THE MESSAGE
 is the thought for which the source shares
the receiver or audience.
3 THE RECEIVER
 is the one who interprets the message
from the source which may be done
intentionally or unintentionally.
4 CHANNEL
 Is the way in which the message travels
from the source to the receiver.
5 FEEDBACK
 is compose of messages the receiver
sends back to the source. Verbal or
nonverbal, all these feedbacks signals
allow the source to see how well, how
accurate (or how poor and inaccurately)
the message was received.
5 THE ENVIRONMENT
 is the space where you send and receive
messages.
6 CONTEXT
- is the circumstances that form the setting
for an event, statement, or idea, and in
terms of which it can be fully understood
and assessed.
7 INTERFERENCE
 also called noise, can come from any
sources and has the ability to block or
change the intended meaning of the
messages.
THE BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION:
 SEMANTIC BARRIERS
- this barriers is concerned with faulty
words or problem with translations.
- it is more about the encoding and
decoding of the message.
 PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS
- These includes the emotional and
psychological factors from the sender and
the receiver, which may also include their
mental state.
 ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERS
- These barriers refer to the obstruction,
which can take place due to strict
organizational structures.
 PERSONAL BARRIERS
- These are the hindrances from personal
reasons of both the sender and receiver.
LEVEL OF COMMUNICATION:
1. INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
- involves one person, it is often called “self-
talk”.
2. GROUP COMMUNICATION
- involves a small number or people from
three to eight.
3. PUBLIC COMMUNICATION
- usually involves one who speaks to a group
maybe in written or oral communication.
4. MASS COMMUNICATION
- is a powerful way of communication
involving a single message to a group.
Technology plays a vital role in mass
communication.
MODEL OF COMMUNICATION THE SHANNON AND WEAVER MODEL OF
1. ARISTOTLE MODEL OF COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION
- He places premium on the speaker as he
takes charge of the process.
The main objectives is to influence the
audience who are the listeners to respond to
the sender with his desired action.

OCCASSION

ARISTOTLE MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

BERLO’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
- In Berlo’s SMCR Model
Communication, the four components
namely Source, Message, Channel and
Receiver are influenced by varied factors.
The common ground between the source and
the receiver plays a crucial role in the
understanding of the message.
BERLO’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
THE S-M-C-R MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
SCHRAMM’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
- In 1954, Wilber Schramm proposed the
model of communication, which gives
of
prime importance to the process of
encoding.
- For him, the careful putting of the
information to words as this is conveyed
to others is very important.
- Unless the receiver understand it fully
then the message of the communication
process is effective and successful. It is
about the encoding and decoding
processes that he finds most important.

SHANNON AND WEAVER MODEL OF

COMMUNICATION
- Also acknowledge the importance of the
SCRAMM’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATOIN
sender as he is the person whose message is
being sent. The thoughts originates from him,
HELICAL MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
thus he called the source.
 Frank Dance is the proponent (1967)
- With the noise and other disturbances
 Just like a helix, communication for him
around, he ensures the delivery of the
is not linear but dynamic.
message which is conceived in his brain and
 A helix is a smooth curve like a string,
transmitted by the mouth. This is then
which goes upward and down.
passed on to the other brains or minds of the
listeners or receivers.
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION:
1. VERBAL COMMUNICATION
 Happens when we speak with to others.
 It may be face-to-face or when we talk
over the phone or even in zoom or
virtual.
 We can have informal verbal
engagements like when you speak to your
classmates or friends or talking to your
siblings.

2. NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
 are those involve movements.
 Ex. Facial expression, posture, hand
movements, looking at you in the eye,
sighing etc.

3. WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
 One of the powerful way of
communication.
 This is the era with fast-paced
technological advancements, thus, more
avenues for written communication, like
Tweeter, Facebook, Wattpad, etc.

4. VISUAL COMMUNICATION
 Since we are visual society, images and
videos run easily in our Internet foods.
 With pictures and video, it has become
easy to market and increase sales or
campaign for some ideologies and cause.