HSS COSH Day 3 - Delegate's Handout

2/12/2023
CONSTRUCTION
OCCUPATIONAL
SAFETY AND HEALTH
RESOURCE SPEAKER
PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

OSH Practitioner (1033-131021-n-0383)
DOLE/BWC/OSH
Corporate Project Management Group

Achievement Awardee, Manila Water, 2015,
2016 & 2017
Project Delivery Group Performance Awardee

Q1 2015
REGINALD BASCO
1033-131021-n-0383
RESOURCE SPEAKER
• Eighteen (18) years of project/ work experience,

• Eleven (11) years Safety experience
• Five (5) years as Safety Coordinator
• DOLE OSH Consultant | Construction Industries
• Fire Safety Practitioner Training
• QMS ISO 9001:2015 Lead Auditor Training
• Licensed First Aider
• (Teaching Methodology Level 1 )TESDA Accredited Assessor for ( Scaffold
, SMAW, EIM NCII)
• Training coordinator of TESDA accredited training Center
JEFFREY C. ESCALONA
1030-061419-OSHC-198
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RESOURCE SPEAKER
Bachelor of Science- Business Administration National College of Business and Arts

(2001)
Member, International Safety Quality Environment Management Association (UK)
NEBOSH International General Certificate Passer with Credit (UK)
OSH Academy Certified Occupational Health & Safety Manager and Specialist (USA)
Occupational Health and Safety Practitioner- Department of Labor and Employment
Occupation Safety Management System Specialist- OSHAD Abu Dhabi UAE
Occupational Health and Safety Executive- Ministry of Manpower Sultanate of Oman
Approved HSE Professional- ADCO
Qualified Integrated Management System Auditor ISO
9001:2015/ISO14001:2915/ISO45001:2018
Managing Head of Pollution Control Officer
RAMONCITO VITERBO
1033-191108-D-0491
RESOURCE SPEAKER
• Bachelor of Science Information Technology

• DOLE OSH Practitioner | Construction
• Certified Security and Safety Practitioner
• Philippine Security and Safety Professional Practitioner
Association Inc.
• PSSPPAI – CSSP Batch 03-2019 CSSP – 741
• Safety Trainor | Training of Trainers
• Resource Speaker of Accredited Safety Training Center (STO)
CARLO MARTIN B. CARDINEZ

OSHP/CSSP
No. 1033-171020-N-837
RESOURCE SPEAKER
• 12 years work experience in Construction Industry

• 3 years as Corporate Safety Supervisor in Construction Management
• OSH Practitioner in Construction Industries since 2014.
• Fire Safety Practitioner from Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)
• Licensed First Aider from Philippine Red Cross
• Member of Philippine Coastguard Auxiliary as volunteer (PCGA-Reserved)
• Training Coordinator of TESDA accredited training center
• Previous Member of Association of Safety Practitioners of the
Philipines,Inc. (ASSPI)
DEXTER MENDOZA • Member of Earthquake and Landslide Search and Rescue from MMDA
1033-171006 – N- 0493 • Pollution Control Officer (PCO) DENR
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RESOURCE SPEAKER
• Licensed Civil Engineer (PRC)

• DOLE OSH Consultant | Construction
• Accredited Pollution Control Officer (LLDA/ DENR)
• TESDA Scaffold NC II Certification
PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATION
• Association of Safety Practitioners of the Philippines (ASPPI)
DEXTER ALISTER V. BACANI

1030-071315-OSHC-074
RESOURCE SPEAKER
• BS in Electronics and Communication

• DOLE OSH Practitioner | Manufacturing
• TESDA NCII SCAFFOLD ERECTION
• TESDA NCII SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING
PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATION
• Association of Safety Practitioners of the Philippines (ASPPI)
MARICAR R. BACANI
1033-201229-D-2525
RESOURCE SPEAKER
• Bachelor of Science in Maritime Industry

• Accredited Occupational Safety and Health Practitioner
DOLE No. 1033-200306-N-0141
• Accredited Pollution Control Officer (DENR)
JUANITO P. CUERQUEZ
1033-200306-N-0141
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RESOURCE SPEAKER
• Bachelor of Science in Nursing

• Occupational Health Nurse |1033 – 141020 –N-0494
• DOLE OSH Practitioner | 1033-180411-N-0892
• PRC Registered Nurse
• Occupational Health Nurses Association of the Philippines
(OHNAP), Inc. (Member)
LORENZO B. MELENDEZ JR. R.N.

1033-200306-N-0141
RESOURCE SPEAKER
• Degree in Computer Drafting, Technology for Architecture and

Engineering
• DOLE OSH Practitioner | Oil and Gas, Construction
• (Registered Serial No. 1033-190709-N-1243)
• Presently working as OSH Practitioner / HSSE Head Supervisor
based in Philippines
OLIVER VILLANUEVA
OSHP/CSSP
No. 1033-190709-N-1243
QUIZ: REVIEW
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QUESTION 1
1. What is the first step in the Job Hazard Analysis

process?
a. List corrective actions

b. List all jobs that might require a JHA
c. Determine the hazards in each step of the job
d. Develop the steps in the job
ANSWER
1. What is the first step in the Job Hazard Analysis

process?
a. List corrective actions

b. List all jobs that might require a JHA
c. Determine the hazards in each step of the job
d. Develop the steps in the job
QUESTION 2
What is the focus of the JHA job review process?
a. Determining the most dangerous jobs

b. Identifying hazardous conditions and unsafe behaviors
c. Properly sequencing the job steps to reduce hazards
d. Analyzing each job to ensure all steps are present
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ANSWER
What is the focus of the JHA job review process?
a. Determining the most dangerous jobs

b. Identifying hazardous conditions and unsafe behaviors
c. Properly sequencing the job steps to reduce hazards
d. Analyzing each job to ensure all steps are present
QUESTION 3
If hazards pose an immediate danger to an

employee's life or health, when should the hazards
be corrected?
a. Within the same day

b. Immediately
c. Immediately after the JHA is completed
d. In a timely manner after the JHA is completed
ANSWER
If hazards pose an immediate danger to an

employee's life or health, when should the hazards
be corrected?
a. Within the same day

b. Immediately
c. Immediately after the JHA is completed
d. In a timely manner after the JHA is completed
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QUESTION 4
Once you have identified tasks you believe might

require a Job Hazard Analysis, it's important to
_____ each task.
a. identify
b. list
c. prioritize
d. note
ANSWER
Once you have identified tasks you believe might

require a Job Hazard Analysis, it's important to
_____ each task.
a. identify
b. list
c. prioritize
d. note
QUESTION 5
Which of the following is defined as the likelihood a

worker will be injured if exposed to a hazard?
a. Risk factor
b. Exposure risk
c. Severity
d. Probability
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ANSWER
Which of the following is defined as the likelihood a

worker will be injured if exposed to a hazard?
a. Risk factor
b. Exposure risk
c. Severity
d. Probability
QUESTION 6
_____ describes how serious an injury or illness

may be as a result of an accident.
a. Risk factor
b. Exposure risk
c. Severity
d. Probability
ANSWER
_____ describes how serious an injury or illness

may be as a result of an accident.
a. Risk factor
b. Exposure risk
c. Severity
d. Probability
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QUESTION 7
Which of the following is NOT listed as a factor that

increases risk?
a. Proximity of employees
b. Nature of the task
c. Frequency and duration of the exposure
d. Number of employees exposed
ANSWER
Which of the following is NOT listed as a factor that

increases risk?
a. Proximity of employees
b. Nature of the task
c. Frequency and duration of the exposure
d. Number of employees exposed
QUESTION 8
This simple technique can be used to help quickly

determine risk for a job:
a. Probability/Severity Chart
b. Fix the safety management system
c. Risk Assessment Matrix
d. Surface/Root Cause Analysis
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ANSWER
This simple technique can be used to help quickly

determine risk for a job:
a. Probability/Severity Chart
b. Fix the safety management system
c. Risk Assessment Matrix
d. Surface/Root Cause Analysis
QUESTION 9
When conducting a JHA and determining the degree

of risk inherent in a job, _____.
a. be sure to uncover surface causes for the risk
b. the lower the probability/risk score the greater the concern
c. the higher the probability and severity, the greater the risk
d. focus on jobs that are performed most often
ANSWER
When conducting a JHA and determining the degree

of risk inherent in a job, _____.
a. be sure to uncover surface causes for the risk
b. the lower the probability/risk score the greater the concern
c. the higher the probability and severity, the greater the risk
d. focus on jobs that are performed most often
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QUESTION 10
Which jobs should have the highest priority when

conducting a Job Hazard Analysis?
a. Jobs with the highest injury or illness rates

b. Jobs in which human error could lead to an accident or injury
c. Jobs that have changed or are new to the organization
d. Jobs that are complex and require written instructions
ANSWER
Which jobs should have the highest priority when

conducting a Job Hazard Analysis?
a. Jobs with the highest injury or illness rates

b. Jobs in which human error could lead to an accident or injury
c. Jobs that have changed or are new to the organization
d. Jobs that are complex and require written instructions
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY & OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH
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COURSE OBJECTIVE
▪ Identify / recognize the occupational health hazards in the

construction industry,
▪ Know measuring instruments used to assess hazards,
▪ Identify the evaluation methods to assess the levels of exposure

to hazards.
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
CLASSIFICATION OF
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Government and Private Sectors

▪ Erecting buildings for habitation
▪ Erecting buildings for commercial purposes
Public Work
▪ Roads, bridges, tunnels, dams or airports
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
THE CONSTRUCTION
LABOR FORCE
• Large portion are unskilled

• Classified in skilled trades
• 5 to 10% in industrialized countries
• Over 90% are male
• Women worker are high in developed countries
• In some countries, work is left to migrant workers
• Unskilled construction work is the entry into paid labor force.
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
WHY ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY?
▪ Need to know the environmental factors that may affect

workers health.
▪ What will happen to you and your family if you get injured and
cant work?
▪ What will you lose if you get injured /sick?

▪ 1. Salary 3. Job advancement
▪ 2. Quality of life 4. Future opportunities
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
HEALTH HAZARDS IN
CONSTRUCTION SITE
Construction work is featured by high labour turnover, constantly

changing work environment and conditions on site
Construction workers are exposed to a wide variety of health

hazards on the job
Exposure differs from trade to trade, job to job, day by day, even
by the hour
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
HEALTH HAZARDS IN
CONSTRUCTION SITE
Exposure to any one hazard is typically intermittent and of short

duration but is likely to reoccur
May also be exposed as a bystander to hazards produced by those

who work nearby
The severity of each hazard depends on the concentration and

duration of exposure for that particular job
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
WHAT IS INDUSTRIAL
HYGIENE?
The science and art devoted to recognition,
evaluation and control of environmental
factors and stresses arising in or from the
workplace, which may cause sickness, impaired
health and well-being, or significant discomfort
among workers or among citizens of the
community.
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
PURPOSE OF INDUSTRIAL
HYGIENE?
• To improve working conditions and

ensure the safety and health of workers.
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES
AND HAZARDS
Chemical Physical
Ergonomic
Biological Hazards
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
Safety Hazards Health Hazards

• The harm results in some kind of • Working conditions which result in
injury to the worker an illness
• Working conditions where harm to • Often, latency between exposure &

the workers is of an immediate & disease
violent nature
• Exposure to dangerous substances
• Result in broken bones, cuts, or conditions such as chemicals,
bruises, sprains, loss of limbs, etc. gases, dusts, noise, etc.
• Associated with poorly guarded or

dangerous equipment & machinery
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
▪ Safety Hazards – something that has potential to cause injury

• Poor housekeeping hazards
• Fire hazards
• Machine hazards
• Material handling hazards
• Electrical hazards
▪ Health Hazards – Any agent or activity posing potential hazard to health

• Chemical hazards (vapors, mists, fumes, gases, dusts)
• Physical hazards (noise, vibration, illumination, extreme temperature, extreme
pressure, radiation)
• Biological hazards (bacteria, viruses, molds, fungi, protozoa; and insects,
parasites, plants, animals
• Ergonomics (improperly designed tools or work areas, improper lifting or
reaching, poor visual conditions, repeated motion in awkward position
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
SAFETY HAZARDS
-something that has a potential for INJURY
HEALTH HAZARD
-something that has a potential to cause ILLNESS
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
CHEMICAL HAZARDS
These arise from excessive airborne

concentration of …
– Vapors
– Mists
– Fumes
– Gases
– Dusts
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
Q: How do chemicals become a hazard?

A: When they become airborne and the
concentration is excessive…
Chemical Hazards Nature / Form

Organic Solvents Vapor
Acids / Bases Mists
Dust / Particulates Powder / Fibers
Heavy Metal Fumes
Gases Gas
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
CHEMICAL HAZARDS
Q: How do chemicals become

airborne?
A: When they undergo different
processes such as heating,
spraying, plating, mixing, etc…
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
VAPORS
▪ Gases formed when liquid

evaporates
▪ Associated with solvents,
adhesives, alcohols, etc.
▪ The common organic solvents can
be classified as hydrocarbons
(toluene), ketones (methyl ethyl
ketone), esters (ethyl acetate),
ether (ethyl ether), alcohols (ethyl
alcohol)
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE
▪ Degreasing of metals
▪ Printing
▪ Dry-cleaning
▪ Painting
▪ Laboratory Analysis
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
MISTS
▪ Dispersion of liquid particles in the air

▪ Suspended liquid droplets when vapor
condenses back to liquid
▪ Associated with acids, chlorine,
formaldehyde, phenols, etc. & processes
like electroplating and spraying
▪ Common acids are hydrochloric, sulfuric,
nitric and phosphoric acids.
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
▪ Wastewater treatment
▪ Acids from electroplating
▪ Oil mists from cutting & grinding operation
▪ Painting spray mists in painting operation
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
FUMES
▪ Volatilized solid that condenses when
they contact air
▪ Very small, solid particles created
when hot vapor reacts with air to
form an oxide
▪ Associated with molten metals &
processes like welding, metalizing and
coating.
▪ Examples: Lead, Iron, Chromium,
Tin and Zinc Fumes
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
▪ Soldering operation
▪ Welding
▪ Lead-battery making
▪ Mining operation
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
GASES
▪ Substances in the gaseous state at

room temperature and pressure.
▪ They do not have a warning odor at

a dangerous concentration.
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
▪ By-product of incomplete combustion (carbon

monoxide)
▪ Wastewater treatment plant (hydrogen sulfide &
chlorine gas)
▪ Refrigeration & fertilizer plants (ammonia)
▪ Machinery using diesel engine (nitrogen dioxide)
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
DUST
Refers to the suspension of solid particles
in air.
Dust are classified according to size:
▪ Total dust – all dust particles in the
area
▪ Respirable dust – fraction of total

dust which passes through a selector
whose size is 7 microns and below in
diameter which can be inhaled and
deposited in the lungs
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
DUST / PARTICULATES
Silica Dust Metal Dust Asbestos Dust
Building materials Leaded paint Thermal & acoustic
such as stone, Metallic lead insulation
bricks & concrete Fire resistant walls &
Wood Dust partitions
Flooring Asbestos cement
Wood fixtures sheets & flooring
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
These dust particles are generated by

physical processes such as handling,
grinding, drilling, milling and crushing
operations where solid materials are broken
down.
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
CHEMICAL HAZARDS
▪ Inhalation
▪ Ingestion
▪ Skin Absorption
▪ Injection
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
ORGANIC
SOLVENTS
Sources
▪ Paints
▪ Varnishes
▪ Adhesives
▪ Preservation agents
Exposure
▪ Inhalation of vapors
▪ Skin absorption
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
HEALTH EFFECTS OF ORGANIC
SOLVENTS
▪ Neurotoxic Effects
▪ Liver Effects
▪ Respiratory Effects
▪ Reproductive Effects
▪ Kidney Effects
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
LEAD
Occupational Exposure
Smelters Welders
Battery workers Radiator repairmen
Solders Auto mechanics
Auto factory workers Shipyard workers
Traffic policemen Garage workers
Gasoline station attendants Pipe fitters
▪ Exposure is most often by Inhalation and Ingestion
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
LEAD
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
ASBESTOS
PHYSICAL FORM
▪ Solid
ASBESTOS-CONTAINING MATERIALS
▪ Paper products
▪ Flooring and roofing felt
▪ Gasket and specialty papers
▪ Pipeline wrap
▪ Roll board and millboard
▪ Electrical insulation
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
ASBESTOS
Asbestos cement Friction materials
▪ Piping and fitting ▪ Brake linings
▪ Pads and blocks
▪ Shingles ▪ Clutch facings
▪ Flat and corrugated sheeting
Floor Coverings
Paints and coating ▪ Vinyl-asbestos tile
▪ Felt-backed vinyl tile
▪ Adhesive
▪ Sealants Textiles
▪ Spackling ▪ Asbestos filter pads
▪ Spray-on cement
▪ Fireproofing
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
ASBESTOS HEALTH EFFECTS
Acute
▪ Skin
▪ non-specific irritation
▪ warts
▪ corns
▪ Lungs
▪ non-specific respiratory irritation
▪ Cancer
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
ASBESTOS
▪ Asbestos that remains in place is not a threat

to health
▪ Asbestos exposure from asbestos-containing

materials (ACM) in building is considered to
be low level
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
ASBESTOS
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
▪ Encompass anything of a biological nature which has

the potential to cause harm to human beings
▪ It includes viruses and bacteria which can cause

infection and disease, dangerous plants and animals
(for example parasites or insects), or harmful by-
products of living things.
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
WOOD DUST
Largest sources of wood dust:
▪ Cutting operations
▪ Use of compressed air for blowing away dust
and chips.
▪ Wood dust particles have different size and
shapes depending on the process involved.
▪ The inhalable dust particle sizes are smaller
than 50-100 μm and this dust is most
hazardous to health.
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
HEALTH EFFECTS - WOOD DUST
Dust from hard wood can cause nasal cancer
Other effects:
▪ Irritation of the nose, throat, and lungs
▪ Sensitization and allergic reactions in the
nose, throat, and lungs
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
PHYSICAL HAZARD
• Noise
• Vibration
• Illumination
• Extreme temperature
• Extreme pressure
• Radiation
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
NOISE
• Unwanted and excessive sound
A form of energy caused by the vibration of air
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
NOISE
ARM’S LENGTH RULE
“If two (2) people with no hearing impairment

have to raise their voices or shout to be heard
in a distance of less than arms length from each
other, the sound level is potentially
hazardous.”
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
NOISE LEVELS IN DIFFERENT
INDUSTRIES IN THE PHILIPPINES
Manufacturing:
Textile Weaving 102-104 dBA
Iron and Steel Rolling Mills 94-99 dBA
Car Grinding 94-96 dBA
Stamping 95-97 dBA
Cement Mill Area 100-102 dBA
Wire and Cable Stranding 100-102
dBA
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
VIBRATION
is a physical factor that acts on man by transmission of

mechanical energy from sources of oscillation.
▪ Low frequency or whole body

- weaving looms, harvester-thresher, tractors, etc.
▪ High frequency or segmental
– hand driven power tools such as chain saw,
portable grinder and polishers
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
VIBRATION
Definition
▪ Physical factor which affects man by
transmission of mechanical energy from
oscillating sources
Types
▪ Whole body vibration
▪ Segmental vibration.
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
POTENTIAL OCCUPATIONAL
EXPOSURES
Pneumatic tool operators (chippers, staple gun and chain sawyers
operators, construction & road operation)
Mining (jack leg & hand tool)
Electrical grinder operators

(rotary, stand, swing grinders)
Metal extrusion operators
Heavy equipment operators
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
HEALTH
EFFECTS
• Whole Body Vibration
• General stressor
• Changes in bone structure
• Increase in oxygen consumption
• Increase in pulmonary ventilation
• Changes in the central nervous system
with associated difficulty in maintaining a steady posture
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
HEALTH
EFFECTS
Segmental Vibration
Localized stressor to fingers and hands
Hand-arm vibration syndrome (Reynaud’s Syndrome)
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
ILLUMINATION
is the measure of stream of light falling on a surface
Natural Artificial
Types of Workplace Lighting
1. General lighting 2. Local lighting
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
INADEQUATE
ILLUMINATION
Usual Complaints
▪ Visual Fatigue
▪ Double Vision
▪ Headaches
▪ Painful irritation,
▪ Lacrimation, Conjunctivitis
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
OCCUPATIONAL EFFECTS
OF VISUAL FATIGUE
▪ Loss of productivity
▪ Increased Accident Rate
▪ More Mistakes
▪ Lowering of Quality
▪ Visual Complaints
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
RECOMMENDED ILLUMINATION LEVELS
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
EXTREME TEMPERATURE
Extremes of temperature (low or high)

affect the amount of work that man
can do and the manner in which they
do.
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
FACTORS AFFECTING HEAT EXPOSURE
• Thermal factors
temperature & humidity
• Physical Workload
light, moderate, heavy &
very heavy
• Work-Rest Regimen
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
DISORDERS RELATED TO HEAT STRESS
DISORDERS CAUSES MAIN CLINICAL TREATMENT PROGNOSIS
FEATURES
Miliaria rubra Malfunction of sweat Pruritic rash Symptomatic Good
glands
Heat cramps Loss of water and Cramps in limbs Rest, fluids with Complete recovery
electrolytes added salt
Heat exhaustion Physical exertion, loss Dizziness, blurring of Rest, cooling in well- Complete recovery
of water & electrolytes vision with cold and ventilated usual
clammy skin surrounding
Heat stroke Failure of temperature Convulsions, muscle Stripping down and High mortality;
control center in brain twitch, delirium with hot vigorous cooling with Sequelae: poor
and dry skin; Temp > ice baths memory &
41°C concentration,
headache
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
EXTREME PRESSURE
▪ Change in the altitude or atmospheric

pressure
▪ Below or greater than normal

atmospheric pressure
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
▪ Underwater tunneling
▪ Diving
▪ Sewage construction
▪ Aviation
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
RADIATION
Is the emission or transmission of energy as waves or
moving particles.
▪ Ionizing radiation
produced by the natural decay of radioactive
elements
▪ Non-ionizing radiation
lacks energy required to cause ionization but
can cause molecules to vibrate
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
RADIATION – IONIZING & NON-IONIZING
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
RADIATIO
N
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
▪ Bacteria
▪ Virus
▪ Fungi
▪ Parasites
▪ Insects
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
These include…
▪ Poor sanitation and housekeeping
▪ Removal of industrial waste and sewage
▪ Personal cleanliness
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
ERGONOMICS
“The scientific discipline concerned with the

understanding of the interactions among human
and other elements of a system, and the profession
that applies theory, principles, data and methods to
design in order to optimize human well-being and
over-all system performance.”
- International Ergonomics
Association
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
ERGONOMIC HAZARDS
Relating to the design of furniture or equipment which

makes it comfortable and effective for people who use it:
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
ERGONOMIC HAZARDS
▪ Improperly designed tools or work areas

▪ Improper lifting or reaching
▪ Poor visual conditions
▪ Repeated motion in awkward position
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
ERGONOMICS
“Fitting the task to the Person.”
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS (CTD)
CTD is a condition of wear and tear on tendons, muscles and
nerves which results from the cumulative overuse and
often results in pain.
Also known as…
Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
ERGONOMICS STRESSES
▪ Musculoskeletal Disorders
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
ERGONOMICS STRESSES
▪ Carpal tunnel syndrome

▪ Neck-shoulder pain
▪ Low back pain
▪ Tendinitis
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
ERGONOMICS STRESSES
Posture
▪ Awkward posture
▪ Static posture
Forceful Exertion
▪ Overcome weight, resistance,
inertia
▪ Lift, Push, Pull, Carry
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
ERGONOMICS STRESSES
Movement
Extreme range of motion

▪ Twisting, bending
Repetitive
▪ same motion pattern
▪ short cycle time
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
ERGONOMICS STRESSES
Environmental Factors
▪ Heat
▪ Inadequate lighting
▪ Vibration
▪ Noise
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
RECOGNITION OF HAZARDS
• Walk through survey / ocular inspection
• Review of processes involved
• Knowing the raw materials used, products and by-

products
• Gathering of workers’ complaints
• SDS
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
WHAT IS SAFETY DATA SHEET?
Safety Data Sheet
A summary of the important health, safety and

toxicological information on the chemical or
the mixture ingredients.
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
SAFETY DATA SHEET
▪ Provide comprehensive information about a

chemical substance or mixture
▪ Primarily for workplace use
▪ Employees & workers use these as a source of
information about hazards and to obtain
advice on safety precautions
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
CONTENTS OF SAFETY
DATA SHEET
1. Identification of the Chemicals 9. Physical and chemical

2. Hazards identification properties
3. Composition/Information on 10. Stability and reactivity
ingredients 11. Toxicological information
4. First-aid measures 12. Ecological information
5. Fire fighting measures 13. Disposal considerations
6. Accidental release measures 14. Transport information
7. Handling and storage 15. Regulatory information
8. Exposure control 16. Other information
and personal protection
SAMPLE OF
SAFETY DATA SHEET
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SAMPLE OF
SAFETY DATA SHEET
SAMPLE OF
SAFETY DATA SHEET
SAMPLE OF
SAFETY DATA SHEET
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SAMPLE OF
SAFETY DATA SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
DO 136-14
Globally Harmonized System
(GHS) for
Classification and Labeling of
Chemicals
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
WHAT IS GHS?
A common and coherent approach of defining

and classifying hazard and communicating
information on labels and safety data sheets.
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
1992 1. United Nations Conference on

UNCED Environment and Development
(UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro Brazil
2002 2. World Summit on Sustainable
WSSD Development (WSSD) in
Johannesburg 2002
IOMC 3. Inter-Organization Programme on the
Sound Management of Chemicals
(IOMC)
ECOSOC
4. Economic and Social Council of the
ThisUnited Nations
international (ECOSOC)
legal instrument is
UNSCETDG UNSCEGHS considered to be is a “non-
mandatory recommendation”
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
GHS IMPLEMENTATION IN THE PHILIPPINES

1. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Chemical Dialogue in 2006
2. Creation of the National GHS Implementation Committee & the development of
the National Implementation Plan
- governing board chaired by BOI
- composed of sectoral committee (industrial workplace)
- represented by 26 gov’t. agencies, 4 including associates & 5 public interest and labor
only
3. Awareness Raising & Capability Building
- by Japan External Trade Org (JETRO)
- Association for Overseas Technical Scholarship (AOTS)
- United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)
4. Issuance of the GHS Joint Administrative Order No. 1 Series of 2009 – which serves as
the national regulation
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
JOINT ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER 01 SERIES 2009
• The adoption and implementation of the Globally Harmonized

System (GHS) of classification and labelling of chemicals
• The objective of the JAO is to adopt and implement the

classification criteria, labeling and Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
requirements of the GHS.
• Signed by 8 cabinet secretaries: DTI, DENR, DA, DOF,

DOH, DILG, DOLE and DOTC to ensure the involvement and
commitment of concerned government agencies in addressing the
GHS implementation
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
LEGAL AUTHORITY
• Pursuant to the provisions of Article 162 and

165 of the Labor Code of the Philippines;
• Joint Administrative Order No 1 series of 2009 on
the Adoption and Implementation of GHS;
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
DO 136 - 14
• Serves as Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) to

implement the provisions of GHS in the industrial
workplace sector;
• Amends the chemical labelling provisions in Rule 1090
of the Occupational Safety and Health Standards;
• Issued by DOLE in consultation with tripartite partners:
industry and workers group and other government
agencies
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
SALIENT PROVISIONS OF THE GUIDELINES
Coverage:
ALL WORKPLACES engaged in the

manufacture, use, storage of INDUSTRIAL
CHEMICALS, in the private sector, including
their supply chain
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
OBJECTIVES
• To protect the workers and properties from the

hazards of chemicals
• To prevent and reduce the incident of chemically
induced accidents, illnesses and death resulting in the
misuse of chemicals
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
EMPLOYER(S) shall
▪ Ensure development, implementation and monitoring

of the Chemical safety policy and program
▪ Ensure that all chemicals are properly labeled, and
Safety Data Sheets are provided in accordance with
GHS.
▪ Provide the necessary control measures including the
appropriate personal protective equipment;
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
EMPLOYER(S) shall
▪ Ensure that workers are provided with the appropriate

information, education and training on GHS and chemical
safety;
▪ Establish and implement chemical emergency response plan to
mitigate accidents like accidental exposure, inadvertent
release, and fire or explosion.
▪ Ensure that the Safety Officer is in charge of the overall
responsibility for chemical safety in the establishment.
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
EMPLOYEE(S) shall
▪ Comply with the chemical safety policy and program.

▪ Take all reasonable steps to eliminate or minimize risk to
themselves and to others from the use of chemicals at
work.
▪ Observe proper use of all safeguards and safety devices.
▪ Report immediately to their supervisor any situation
which they believe could present a risk of chemicals
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
▪ HEALTH and SAFETY COMMITTEE
▪ Adopted Rule 1040 of the DOLE-OSHS

▪ The committee is composed of management and worker
representatives
▪ The composition is based on the size of establishment
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
GHS HAZARDS CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA

Physical Hazards: ▪ Health effects:
• Explosive ▪ acute toxicity
• Flammability ▪ skin irritation/corrosion
• Oxidizers ▪ eye irritation/corrosion
• Self-Reactive ▪ sensitisation
• Pyrophorics ▪ germ cell mutagenicity
• Self-Heating ▪ reproductive toxicity
▪ carcinogenicity
• Organic Peroxides
• Corrosive to Metals ▪ specific target organ
systemic toxicity (TOST)
▪ Aspiration Hazard
Environmental Hazard: Hazardous to Aquatic Environment
Hazardous to the ozone layer
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
GHS SYSMBOLS
Flame Flame over circle Exploding bomb Corrosion
(Flammable/ (Oxidizing/ (Explosives/
Self-reactive/ etc.) Organic peroxide) Self-reactive/ etc.)
Exclamation Mark
Environment
Gas cylinder Skull and crossbones (Acute: lower level)
(Aquatic toxicity)
(Compressed gases) (Acute toxicity) Double Exclamation
(Chronic: higher lev)
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
GHS PICTOGRAM
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
GHS SAFETY DATA SHEETS
1.Identification of the substance or mixture and of the

supplier
2.Hazards identification
3.Composition/information on ingredients
4.First aid measures
5.Firefighting measures
6.Accidental release measures
7.Handling and storage
8.Exposure controls/personal protection
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
GHS SAFETY DATA SHEETS

9. Physical and chemical properties
10. Stability and reactivity
11. Toxicological information
12. Ecological information
13. Disposal considerations
14. Transport information
15. Regulatory information
16. Other information including information on preparation
and revision of the SDS
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
CONFIDENTIAL BUSINESS INFORMATION

Claims should be limited to the names of chemicals and
the concentration in mixtures
No disclosure shall be done except for:
1. When the provisions for CBI compromise the health and

safety of workers;
1. During emergency situations
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
CHEMICAL SAFETY PROGRAM ELEMENTS

Facilities and Control Measures
▪ Interventions to provide protection of workers
through Engineering and Administrative Controls
and PPE
Workers’ Right to Know

▪ shall cover training and information on chemical safety
and orientation on chemical safety data sheets.
▪ Has the right of refusal to work if an imminent danger
situation exists until the corrective action to eliminate
the danger is achieved.
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
STORAGE REQUIREMENT & INVENTORY

▪ Chemicals procured shall have GHS label and safety data sheet;
▪ Have adequate, well-ventilated storage space for chemicals

and proper segregation of chemicals
▪ Chemicals classified to any GHS Health Hazards Danger

Category should be kept under strict control.
▪ Stored chemicals should be examined periodically for

replacement, deterioration, and container integrity. Storage
temperature, humidity and ventilation requirements as stated
in the SDS should be followed.
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
STORAGE REQUIREMENT & INVENTORY
▪ Quantities of chemicals to be stored shall be kept to

the minimum amount.
▪ There should be adequate security of and access to

chemical storage areas.
▪ Periodic inventories shall be conducted regularly.
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
EXISTING OSH RULES ADOPTED
1. Personal Protective Equipment – Rule 1080

2. Work Environment Measurement – Rule 1070
3. Occupational Health and Medical Surveillance
– Rule 1960
3. Waste Management - DENR
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE
▪ This shall include regular biochemical monitoring for

workers exposed to toxic substances classified
under toxicity categories I and II of WHO
standards
▪ It shall be free of charge for the workers
▪ The employees’ medical record is considered
confidential and only upon the expressed approval of
the employees that the employer furnish a copy to any
third party
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS & RESPONSE
▪ A written emergency procedure posted in the

workplace and communicated to all workers in
the area.
▪ Appropriate and adequate emergency

equipment provided and well-trained
emergency response team.
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
MONITORING PROCEDURES
The Bureau of Working Conditions

(BWC) through the DOLE Regional Offices
shall monitor compliance to the Guidelines
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
RULE 1070 – OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND

ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL
Establishes the threshold limit values for toxic and carcinogenic substances
and physical agents which may be present in the work environment.
▪ Airborne contaminants
▪ Physical agents – noise, illumination
▪ General ventilation
- air supply, air movement
▪ Work environment measurement
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
RULE 1077 – WORK ENVIRONMENT

MEASUREMENT
▪ The employer shall maintain and control the working environment in

comfortable and healthy conditions for the purpose of maintaining and
promoting the health of his workers
▪ WEM shall mean sampling and analysis carried out in respect of the
atmospheric working environment for the purpose of determining
actual conditions therein
▪ WEM shall include temperature, humidity, pressure, illumination,
ventilation, concentration of substance and noise.
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
RULE 1077 – WORK ENVIRONMENT

MEASUREMENT
▪ The employer shall carry out the WEM or other workplaces
where hazardous work is performed and shall keep a record
of such measurement which shall be made available to
enforcing authority.
▪ Safety and health personnel shall have adequate training and
experience in WEM.
▪ The employer shall commission the BWC / OSHC / Regional
Offices or other accredited institutions.
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
EO 304 – ESTABLISHING THE OCCUPATIONAL

SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Section 2: Powers and Functions
▪ To monitor the working environment by the use of Industrial

Hygiene, field and laboratory equipment.
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
LABOR ADVISORY IN THE CONDUCT OF WEM
▪ If the WEM is conducted by the employer, the LLCO will validate

the credentials of the person who performed the WEM and the
calibration of the equipment
▪ If the WEM is conducted by the accredited WEM provider, the
OSHC will validate the reliability of the results.
▪ Refer to the TLVs in the OSHS in
evaluating the results of WEM
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
PURPOSE OF WEM
• To determine the magnitude of harmful environmental

agents;
• To periodically check the environment through
measurement;
• To predict harmfulness of new facilities, raw materials,
production processes and working methods;
• To monitor worker’s exposure to harmful substances;
• To evaluate the effectiveness of environmental control
measures adopted to improve the workplace; and;
• To maintain favorable environment conditions.
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
WEM – TYPES OF MONITORING
▪ Area / Environmental Monitoring
▪ Exposure / Personal Monitoring
▪ Biological Monitoring
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
To decide what constitutes a representative
Sample, the IH must answer these basic questions;
▪ What to sample?
▪ Where to sample?
▪ Whom to sample?
▪ When to sample?
▪ How long to sample?
▪ How many to sample?
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
What will you do with the results of measurements?
The measurement data will be compared with existing

standards/guidelines;
▪ Threshold Limit Values (TLVs)

▪ Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs)
▪ Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs)
▪ Recommended Exposure Limits (RELs)
▪ Maximum Allowable Concentrations (MACs)
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
WEM – EQUIPMENT
Lux Meter -
Illumination
Psychrometer - Humidity
Anemometer - Air Movement
Smoke Tester - Air Direction
Globe Thermometer - Heat
Sound Level Meter - Noise
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
WEM – EQUIPMENT
Uses Instruments like:
▪ Combustible Gas Detector

▪ Oxygen Monitor
▪ Toxic Gas Detector
▪ Detector Tube Pump
✔can be used for on-the-spot assessment of the ambient air
(color detector tubes)
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
PENALTIES
All violations of the provisions of these

guidelines shall be subject to the applicable
penalties provided for in the Labor Code, PD
442 as amended.
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ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
TRANSITORY PROVISION
All establishments using industrial chemicals shall

be required to comply with all the
requirements in this Guidelines within one (1)
year upon effectivity.
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR IMPLEMENTING GHS
IN THE PHILIPPINES?
• The GHS provisions become mandatory in countries or

regions that adopt the GHS
• Overseeing national implementation is the
responsibility of the competent authorities that adopt
the GHS provisions.
• There is no international body that monitors
implementation for compliance
CLEAR POINTS
• Industrial Hygiene is the science and art devoted to the

identification, evaluation and control of hazards.
• The different types of health hazards are physical,

chemical, biological and ergonomics.
• Safety Officers have role of classifying their workplaces

through proper identification of different health hazards
as part of risk assessment process.
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OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH PROGRAMMING
HEALTH PROGRAM
An organized response to reduce or eliminate

health / safety hazards or risk in the work
environment and / or meet the health and
safety needs of workers / employees
HEALTH PROGRAM
KEY ELEMENTS OF THE OH

PROGRAM
▪ Health Protection
▪ Health Promotion
▪ Health Rehabilitation
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HEALTH PROGRAM
COST OF OCCUPATIONAL
DISEASES / INJURIES
Direct costs for workers

▪ The pain and suffering of the injury / illness
▪ The loss of income
▪ The possible loss of a job
▪ Health-care costs
HEALTH PROGRAM
DISEASES / INJURIES
Direct costs for employers
▪ Payment for work not performed
▪ Medical and compensation payments
▪ Repair or replacement of damaged machinery and equipment
▪ Reduction or a temporary halt in production
▪ Increased training expenses and administration costs
▪ Possible reduction in the quality of work
▪ Negative effect in morale on other workers
HEALTH PROGRAM
DISEASES / INJURIES
Indirect costs for employers
▪ The injured / ill worker must be replaced

▪ A new worker must be trained and given time to adjust.
▪ It takes time before the new worker is producing at the
rate of the original worker.
▪ Time must be developed to obligatory investigations, to
the writing of reports and filling out forms.
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HEALTH PROGRAM
DISEASES / INJURIES
Indirect costs for employers
▪ Accidents often arouse the concern of fellow workers

and influence labor relations in a negative way.
▪ Poor health and safety conditions in the workplace
can also result in poor public relations
HEALTH PROGRAM
DEVELOPING AN OH PROGRAM
1. Situational Analysis
▪ Where are we now?
2. Goal / Objective Setting
▪ Where do we want to go?
3. Strategy / Activity Setting
▪ How do we get there?
4. Monitoring / Evaluation
▪ How do we know we are there?
HEALTH PROGRAM
HEALTH AND SAFETY PROGRAMS
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HEALTH PROGRAM
HEALTH AND SAFETY PROGRAMS
HEALTH PROGRAM
SOLVING OH PROBLEMS
Identify hazards
Evaluate hazards
Prioritize problems
Select intervention
Implement intervention
Monitor effectiveness of intervention
HEALTH PROGRAM
PREVENTION & CONTROL

Occupational Health Team Workplace-Related Events Health Effects
Exposure at the workplace

Environmental
- Chemicals None
monitoring - Physical agents
Biologically significant exposure

- Chemicals absorbed
- Early (reversible) changes
Biological monitoring
and health Early
surveillance
Clinical diagnosis
Treatment and - measurable health effects
epidemiological
surveillance Late
- Morbidity
- Mortality End effects
- diseases
- unfavorable events
(spontaneous abortion)
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CLEAR POINTS
▪ The different types of health hazards are

physical, chemical, biological and
ergonomics.
MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
COURSE OBJECTIVES
At the end of the session, participants

should be;
▪ Able to describe the awareness of

human behavior regarding the use of
motivational tools for promoting OSH
compliance.
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MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
SAFETY BEFORE …
▪ The employee himself contributed to the cause of

accident.
▪ Another employee contributed to the cause of accident.
▪ The employee knew of the hazards involved before his
injury, and still agreed to work in the condition for pay.
▪ There was no employer negligence.
MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
SAFETY TODAY …
• Safety Professionals are asking “WHY?”

• Originally the emphasis was towards improving
physical conditions.
• But consideration is also on the unsafe acts of
workers.
MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
BEHAVIOR SAFETY
Behavior Safety is a process that helps

employees identify and choose a safe
behavior over an unsafe one.
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MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
Safety in the workplace is a combination of three

measurable components:
▪ the person,
▪ their environment,
▪ and their behavior.
Only when these three elements are combined
can workplace accidents be eliminated.
MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
The person component consist of the employees:

▪ Physical capabilities
▪ Experience, and
▪ Training
MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
The work environment represents:
▪ Engineering Controls,
▪ Equipment,
▪ Job task, and
▪ The work culture
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MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
The final, most often overlooked

component is behavior
what the person
does on the job.
MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
HUMAN BEHAVIOR IS…
▪ Man in relation to his culture, social and
physical environment.
▪ Man’s action and reaction

to his surroundings.
MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
ABC MODEL
Behavioral Psychologists usually uses the

ABC Model :
▪ A – activators
▪ B – behavior
▪ C – consequences
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MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
ACTIVATORS
▪ A person, place, thing or event that happens before

a behavior takes place that encourages you to
perform that behavior.
▪ They only set the stage for behavior or performance

but they don’t control it.
MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
BEHAVIOR
Any directly measurable thing that a person

does, including speaking, acting and performing
physical actions.
MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
CONSEQUENCES
Events that follow behaviors, they increase or

decrease the probability that the behavior will
occur once again.
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MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
CONDITIONS AFFECTING
HUMAN BEHAVIOR
▪ Environment
▪ Culture
▪ Upbringing
▪ Family ties
▪ Economic status
▪ Social status
MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
HUMAN BEHAVIOR IS
A FUNCTION OF :
▪ Activators (what needs to be done)

▪ Competencies (how it needs to be done)
▪ Consequences (what happens if it is done)
MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN
BEHAVIOR :
▪ Self-concept – a person’s self-concept is “who he is”. It is the center of the universe, his frame of
reference, his personal reality.
▪ Self-expression - people need to express their feelings in such manner that they influence, affirm, re-shape,
and change themselves and others.
▪ Self-disclosure - man’s ability to talk truthfully and fully about oneself, “a person’s ability to engage in self-
evaluation is a symptom of a healthy personality.”
▪ Dynamics of trust – sometimes it takes one person’s risk of self-disclosure to stimulate good will in other
people. “Trust begets trust; self-disclosure generates self-disclosure.”
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MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
FACTORS THAT
INFLUENCES MAN’S BEHAVIOR :
▪ Physical characteristics
▪ Emotional stability
▪ Previous work experiences
▪ Work attitudes
▪ Aptitude
▪ Physical and emotional needs
MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
PRINCIPLES IN
UNDERSTANDING PEOPLE :
1) Human behavior is caused. An effective supervisor can
uncover these causes and take steps to correct them.
1) Motives are always present in every behavior, whether one is

aware or not.
2) Motives are often disguised
1) Some motives have priority over others.
1) Individuals differ in so many aspects.
MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
FACTORS OF HUMAN
BEHAVIOR
▪ Individual differences
▪ Motivation
▪ Emotions
▪ Stress
▪ Attitudes
▪ Learning processes
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MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
The behavior of one person is not the same as the
▪
behavior of another person.
▪ Behavior can be influenced by both attitude and situational
variables.
▪ Personal differences or
“personal equation” varies depending
upon :
✔ Present situation
✔ Past experiences
MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
MATURITY CHECK
▪ A mature person keeps alert in mind . . .
▪ He does not always “view with alarm” every adverse situation
that arises.
▪ He is too big to belittle someone.
▪ He has faith in himself, which is fortified by faith in God.
▪ He never accepts either success or failure in self as something
permanent.
▪ He never accepts any personal moods
as permanent.
▪ He can control personal impulses
▪ He is not afraid to make mistakes.
MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
MOTIVATION
▪ Is the willingness to expend energy to
achieve a goal / need / want / reward.
▪ Motive is a stimulus which leads to an
action that satisfies the need. It is an
action to satisfy a need / want.
▪ Needs produce motives which lead to the
accomplishment of goals.
▪ Needs are caused by deficiencies which
can either be physical / emotional /
psychological.
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MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
HIERARCHY OF HUMAN
NEEDS ARE:
1) Physiological needs – needs of the human body that must be satisfied to sustain life.
2) Security / safety needs – protection against danger, threat or deprivation.
3) Social needs – the need for love, affection, belongingness, acceptance into meaningful
groups.
4) Ego needs – this influence the development of various kinds of relationship based on
adequacy, independence, and the giving and receiving of indications of self-esteem and
acceptance.
5) Self-Fulfillment needs – the will to operate at the optimum and thus receive
rewards resulting from attainments.
MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
JOB MOTIVATORS
▪ Achievement
▪ Recognition
▪ Work itself
▪ Responsibility
▪ Professional growth
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MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
RESPONSES THAT MAY
SHOW POOR MOTIVATION
▪ “pwede na yan” / “kaya yan”

▪ “bukas na yan”
▪ “bahala na”
▪ “akala ko”
▪ “kung oras mo na, oras mo na talaga”
▪ “aksidente yan, di talaga maiiwasan”
MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
BEHAVIOR BASED SAFETY PRINCIPLES
▪ Watch your language

▪ Take advantage of the Competence Motive
▪ Make feedback a positive experience
▪ Distinguish SMART Goals from Purpose
▪ Elevate Self-Efficacy and Response Efficacy
MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
BEHAVIOR BASED SAFETY PRINCIPLES
▪ Sell Outcome-Expectancy with Personal

Testimonies
▪ Teach Theory and Principles before Procedures
▪ Use Process Measures of Safety Performance
▪ Look behind the numbers
▪ Build and maintain momentum
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MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
WATCH YOUR LANGUAGE
Use language people can

relate to as human beings who :
▪ think and feel
▪ believe they have dignity, freedom and
personal control
MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
TAKE ADVANTAGE OF
COMPETENCE MOTIVE
▪ People want to be competent.

▪ Help them improve their competence through:
✔ One-on-One coaching conversations
✔ Periodic performance appraisals that focus on behavior
✔ Group data results of team’s level of safety performance.
MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
MAKE FEEDBACK A
POSITIVE EXPERIENCE
▪ The first feedback session needs to be positive and
constructive.
▪ The context of a feedback conversation is crucial.
▪ The nature of the conversation or group discussion
surrounding a feedback session will determine
whether such a process will be appreciated,
supported and sustained.
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MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
DISTINGUISH SMART
GOALS FROM PURPOSE
SMART is an acronym that represents the “essential
components of an effective goal”:
S – specific
M – motivational
A – attainable
R – relevant
T – traceable
S – shared
MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
ELEVATE SELF-EFFICACY
AND RESPONSE-EFFICACY
Self-efficacy
refers to one’s belief that he/she can handle an
assignment.
Response-efficacy
means the person believes an assignment is useful in
accomplishing a particular objective or purpose.
MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
SELL OUTCOME-EXPECTANCY
WITH PERSONAL TESTIMONIES
Outcome expectancy – means the worker believes the
completion of a given activity or the attainment of a certain goal
will result in worthwhile consequences.
Personal testimonies motivate participation in the BBS process,

it can be…
▪ A personal account of an injury that could have been
prevented;
▪ An anecdote
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MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
TEACH THEORY AND
PRINCIPLES BEFORE PROCEDURES
▪ Injury rates provides neither instructive guidance nor motivation

to continue a safety process; instead,
▪ Keep records of various proactive things that workers do for
safety, like :
✔ Number of corrective actions implemented
✔ Number of audits conducted
✔ Number of hazards eliminated
✔ Number of safety suggestions submitted
MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
USE PROCESS MEASURES
OF SAFETY PERFORMANCE
▪ Frequency Rates
▪ Severity Rates
▪ Accident Ratios
▪ Productivity indicators
MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
LOOK BEHIND THE NUMBERS
“Managers focus on the numbers, but Leaders look

beyond the numbers.”
▪ Increase employee’s self-esteem or awareness of

individual importance.
▪ Goal settings builds feelings of empowerment
▪ Group celebrations facilitate a sense of belonging
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MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
BUILD AND MAINTAIN MOMENTUM
Three (3) factors needed:

1. Achievement of the Participants – needs a system that
tracks accomplishments
2. Atmosphere of the Culture – is the work culture
optimistic about achieving goals? Do workers trust
management will support?
3. Attitude of Leaders – support means more than
providing necessary resources.
MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
EMOTION
▪ Emotion disturbs rational approach to situations.
▪ They can be in the following :
✔ Anger
✔ Fear
✔ Excitement
✔ Anxiety
✔ Shame
MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
STRESS
▪ A factor that accelerates
the rate of aging through
wear and tear of daily
living.
▪ Is always present and can
be both good or bad.
▪ Choose how to react to it
on or off the job.
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MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
ATTITUDES
▪ The expression of one’s values

toward something or someone.
▪ Reveal a person’s tendencies to
evaluate objects, persons, or
situations favorably or unfavorably.
▪ Attitudes are internal and cannot
be measured.
▪ Accurately determining an
individual’s attitude can be difficult.
MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
COMPONENTS OF ATTITUDE
▪ Knowing / Cognitive – can differ
due to the extent of knowledge.
Misinformation can be a source of
many attitudes
▪ Feeling / Affective – the positive
or negative feeling of attitudes
▪ Acting / Action – dependent upon
an individual’s previous
experiences
MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
LEARNING PROCESS
▪ It is through the learning process that
people discover their psycho-social
needs, establish habitual patterns of
behavior and emotional reactions,
and develop attitudes.
▪ Educational systems must place
emphasis on stimulating the individual
to want to learn.
▪ Materials must be designed to apply
to practical situations, and thereby
develop interest through it .
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MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING
▪ Reinforcement – an act of recognizing an accomplishment.
Increases the likelihood of repetition.
▪ Knowledge of results – how one is doing on the job.
▪ Practice – what they have learned to ensure habit patterns are
entrenched.
▪ Meaningfulness – understand why one procedure is better than
the other.
▪ Selective learning – people select those they wish to retain.
Individual needs will ensure the proper selection and retention.
MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING
▪ Frequency – more learning than through a one-exposure
routine.
▪ Recall – learned last is easily recalled.
▪ Primacy – it is harder to establish good patterns if one
has first learned the poor ones. Old habits are hard to
break.
▪ Intensity – things most vivid will be retained the longest.
▪ Transfer of training – previous experiences help
current learning or enhance current performance.
MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
HUMAN BEHAVIOR
▪ Is both observable and

measurable
▪ Therefore BEHAVIOR
can be managed.
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MOTIVATING FOR
OSH
CLEAR POINTS…
ATTITUDES are inside a person’s

head, therefore they are not observable
or measurable
However, attitudes can be changed by

changing behavior !
CORONAVIRUS: BACKGROUND
AND PREVENTION
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DTI ADVISORY
NO.21-01 2021
WHAT IS
CORONAVIRUS?
The novel coronavirus is a new

strain of coronavirus that has not
been previously identified in humans.
The novel coronavirus has caused

severe pneumonia in several cases in
China and has been exported to a
range of countries and cities.
HOW CAN I GET

THE DISEASE?
Spreads primarily through
DROPLETS of saliva or
discharge from the nose
when an infected person
coughs or sneezes.
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SIGNS AND
SYMPTOM
S
▪ fever
▪ dry cough
▪ tirednessaches
and pains
▪ sore throat
MOST COMMON SYMPTOMS
SIGNS AND
SYMPTOM
S
▪ diarrhea
▪ conjunctivitis
▪ headache
▪ loss of taste or smell
▪ a rash on skin, or
discoloration of fingers, toes
LESS COMMON SYMPTOMS
SIGNS AND
SYMPTOM
S
▪ difficulty breathing or
shortness of breath.
▪ chest pain or pressure.
▪ loss of speech or
movement.
SERIOUS SYMPTOMS
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SIGNS AND
SYMPTOM
S
On average it takes 5–6 days from when

someone is infected with the virus for
symptoms to show, however it can take up to
14 days.
VULNERABLE
POPULATIONS
Older people, and those with underlying

medical problems like cardiovascular
disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory
disease, and cancer are more likely to
develop serious illness
ADVERSE
HEALTH
OUTCOMES
Acute Respiratory Failure, Pneumonia
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Acute Kidney Injury, Acute Liver Injury
Septic Shock, Acute Cardiac Injury

Blood Clots
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Secondary Infection
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LET US
PREVENT
COVID 19!!
Regularly and thoroughly clean
1
your hands with an alcohol-based
hand rub or wash them with soap
and water.
SIMPLE PRECAUTIONS
Maintain at least 1meter (3 feet)

distance between yourself and
others.
2
SIMPLE PRECAUTIONS
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Avoid going to crowded places
SIMPLE PRECAUTIONS
3
Avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth
SIMPLE PRECAUTIONS
4
Make sure you, and the people around you, follow

good respiratory hygiene. Covering your mouth and
5
nose with your bent elbow or tissue when you cough
or sneeze. Then dispose of the used tissue immediately
and wash your hands.
SIMPLE PRECAUTIONS
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Stay home and self-

isolate even with minor
symptoms such as cough,
6
headache, mild fever,
until you recover. Have
someone bring you
supplies. If you need to
leave your house, wear a
mask to avoid infecting
others.
SIMPLE PRECAUTIONS
If you have a fever,

cough and difficulty
breathing, seek medical
7
attention, but call by
telephone in advance if
possible and follow the
directions of your local
health authority.
SIMPLE PRECAUTIONS
Keep up to date on the latest information from

trusted sources, such as WHO or your local
and national health authorities.
8
SIMPLE PRECAUTIONS
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HANDWASHING
PROPER HAND WASHING
1
The workplace environment is contaminated
2 All work involves hands
3
Hands are contaminated
4 Hands spread germs
5 Individuals are vulnerable to infection.
WHY WE KEEP OUR HANDS CLEAN?
HAND HYGIENE
Person’s Hand habits/ Work Use of gloves Hand

health/carrier practices practices decontamination/
status recontamination
Hand Hand
washing disinfection
FACTORS IMPORTANT IN HAND HYGIENE
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The wearing of jewellery while at work

reduces the likelihood of thorough
handwashing
Only plain bands should be worn.

Wristwatches must be removed
before starting a hand wash
Nails should be short and free of polish.

No false nails or nail extensions as this raises
the bacterial count below nails.
JEWELLERY / FALSE NAILS

NEXT
▪ Minimise touching of hair, biting nails,

touching spots, mouth, bin lids, raw food
etc. – these sites may be contaminated
with germs
▪ THINK about what you do and touch –
video studies have shown people
frequently touch things unnecessarily
▪ Optimise work flow – minimise touch
actions
▪ REMEMBER the MORE you touch the
MORE you are likely to cross-
contaminate.
HAND PRACTICES NEXT
▪ Before starting and at the end of your shift

▪ When moving between different work areas
▪ Before, during and after each individual contact
and after removing gloves
▪ After coughing, sneezing or blowing
your nose
▪ Before and after every break, after visiting the
toilet and if they become visibly soiled
▪ After bed making, or handling laundry and
waste
▪ Before serving food.
GENERAL HANDWASHING- WHEN?

NEXT
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AREAS MOST MISSED
RUBS, GELS, ANTISEPTICS AND SKIN CARE
• When decontaminating hands using an

alcohol handrub, hands should be free of dirt
and organic material. The handrub solution
must come into contact with all surfaces of
the hand.
• The hands must be rubbed together

vigorously, paying particular attention to the
tips of the fingers, the thumbs and the areas
between the fingers, and until the solution has
evaporated and the hands are dry.
RUBS, GELS, ANTISEPTICS AND SKIN CARE
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▪ Can be used between ▪ All surfaces of the hands must be

handwashing if hands are clean covered and alcohol rubs or gels
▪ They are not cleansers and have must be allowed to dry on the skin
no effect on organic material prior to starting a procedure
▪ They are ineffective against spores, ▪ Can cause skin irritation in some
e.g. C. diff and less effective staff
against some viruses ▪ Depending on formulation can leave
▪ If hands are contaminated they hands sticky
must be washed prior to using ▪ Don’t overly rely on them!
alcohol-based rubs
ALCOHOL-BASED HAND RUBS
PERSONAL
PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
PPE
▪ Wear PPE if identified on

the risk assessment
▪ Report defects
▪ Follow guidance for use and
disposal
▪ Not to use disposable PPE
more than once
▪ Follow handwashing
routines and procedures
RESPONSIBILITIES OF EMPLOYEES
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▪ Provide PPE as identified

on the risk assessment
▪ Ensure PPE provided is fit
for purpose
▪ Replace/replenish stocks
as required
▪ Provide guidance for its
correct use and disposal
RESPONSIBILITIES OF EMPLOYERS
Hazmat suit Face Shield Mask Gloves
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
▪ Provide barrier protection

▪ Can prevent transfer from wearer to
individual (or food) and back
▪ May not reduce need for hand
decontamination
▪ NOT a substitute for
decontamination
▪ Note: DIFFERENCE between gloves
for cleaning, support
of individuals and ‘aseptic procedures’
▪ Consider as ‘single use items’.
GLOVES - ADVANTAGES
84
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Are for single-use only
Must be of a suitable size
Wear when there is a risk of

becoming contaminated
Gloves not a substitute for

handwashing
Latex allergy may be an issue
Gloves should be removed correctly

to avoid cross contamination.
WHEN TO WEAR GLOVES? NEXT
WHAT • should be cleaned?
WHEN • should it be cleaned?
WHO • should clean it?
HOW • shouldit be cleaned?

(and with what?)
CLEANING SCHEDULES
NEXT
▪ Cleaning - removal of soiled / dirt

▪ Disinfection - destruction or removal of
micro-organisms to an acceptable level/risk
▪ UNLESS for treating spillages, surfaces need
to be clean before disinfection
▪ Now also steam cleaning and disinfection
▪ Whether to use disinfectant based
on RISK.
NEXT
CLEANING & DISINFECTION
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CLEANING & DISINFECTION
• Non-hazardous healthcare
waste, e.g. food, flowers,
waste paper and
packaging, aerosols,
plastics and wood
• Black bags collected by

local authority - LOW
RISK.
WASTE MANAGEMENT
• Hazardous healthcare
waste
• Normally stored in yellow
or orange bags for specific
collection or incineration
• Check policy and
guidelines for specific
procedures in your work
environment
WASTE MANAGEMENT
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DOH Administrative Order

2020-0015
DOH Department Memorandum

2020-0220
DO 224 SERIES 2021
BE INFORMED.
DO PRECAUTION.
LET’S FIGHT COVID 19.
FROM:
FAMIL
Y
105
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PERSONAL
PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
COURSE OBJECTIVE
▪ Determine the different types of PPE

▪ Distinguish the appropriate and approved types of
PPE needed in a workplace
▪ Know the limitations of PPE
https://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3151.pdf
106
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
Personal protective equipment are variety of devices

and garments designed to serve as a barrier between
workers and workplace hazards.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
GUIDELINES IN SELECTING PPE
1. Identify the hazard

2. Understand the effect
3. Recommend the proper equipment
4. Train workers on proper usage and
maintenance
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
Eye &
Head Protection
Face Protection
Respiratory
Hearing Protection
Protection
Hand & Foot Protection

Arm Protection
Torso Protection Fall Protection
107
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
HEAD HAZARDS AND EFFECTS
HAZARDS EFFECTS
▪ Impact from falling objects
▪ Perforation/ fracture
▪ Bump against rigid stationary objects
of the skull
▪ Penetration by sharp objects
▪ Electrical shock
▪ Contact with live electrical conductors
▪ Fire hazards ▪ Burns
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
HEAD PROTECTION
Hard Hat or Safety Helmet
A rigid device that is worn to provide protection for the head and which is
held in place by a suitable suspension.
Parts of a Hard Hat
1. The suspension system includes the headband and straps on the inside of the hat. This
system absorbs and distributes the force of impact.
2. The hard outer shell protects the head from sharp objects, such as falling tool. It also
absorbs part of the force of impact, since it’s somewhat flexible.
3. The chin strap secure the hard hat to the wearer’s head.
4. The brim redirects the direction of the falling object.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
HEAD PROTECTION
Types and Classes of Hard Hats
Protective helmets are described by impact type and electrical class. All protective helmets shall meet either
Type I or Type II requirements. All helmets shall be further classified as meeting Class E, Class G, or Class C
electrical requirements.
Impact Types
Type I
Type I helmets are intended to reduce the force of impact resulting from a
blow only to the top of the head. This form of impact, for example, may result
from a small tool or material falling from above.
Type II
Type II helmets are intended to reduce the force of impact resulting from a
blow to the top or sides of the head. This form of impact, for example, may
result from contact from falling material or contact with the sharp corner of a
side beam.
http://www.oshc.dole.gov.ph/images/Files/HH_Classifications.pdf
108
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
HEAD PROTECTION
Electrical Classification of Hard Hats
Class E (Electrical)
Class E helmets are intended to reduce the danger of contact with higher
voltage conductors. Test samples are proof-tested at 20,000 volts.
Note:
This voltage is not intended as an indication of the voltage at which
the helmet protects the wearer.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
HEAD PROTECTION
Class G (General)
Class G helmets are intended to reduce the danger of contact with lower
voltage conductors. Test samples shall be proof-tested at 2200 volts.
Note:
This voltage is not intended as an indication of the voltage at which the
helmet protects the wearer.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
HEAD PROTECTION
Class C (Conductive)
Class C helmets are not intended to provide protection against contact
with electrical hazards. On the hand, Class C hard hats may include vented
options that provide increased breathability.
109
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
In general, protective helmets or hard hats should do the following:
▪ Resist penetration by objects.

▪ Absorb the shock of a blow.
▪ Be water-resistant and slow burning.
▪ Have clear instructions explaining proper adjustment and
replacement of the suspension and headband.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
EYE AND FACE PROTECTION
Protective eye and face equipment shall be required where there is a
reasonable probability of injury that can be prevented by such equipment.
Eye and Face Hazards
1. Large flying particles and fragments from operations such as caulking,

chiseling, coarse grinding, hammering, metal working and riveting.
2. Dust, fumes, mists, and small particles from woodworking, light grinding,
sanding, metal working, spot welding, scaling, and paint spraying.
3. Vapors and liquids from solvents and paints.
4. Intense heat and radiation from furnace tending, electric welding, and
oxyacetylene welding and cutting.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
MOST SUITABLE EYE AND FACE

PROTECTION
✔ Ability to protect against specific workplace hazards.

✔ Should fit properly and be reasonably comfortable to wear.
✔ Should provide unrestricted vision and movement.
✔ Should be durable and cleanable.
✔ Should allow unrestricted functioning of any other required PPE.
110
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
EFFECTS OF EYE AND FACE HAZARDS
▪ Permanent loss of vision

▪ Temporary loss of vision
▪ Inflamed eyes
▪ Skin Burns
▪ Lacerations
▪ Fractures
▪ Broken Teeth
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
EYE AND FACE PROTECTION
ANZI Z87.1 -1989
Safety Spectacles or Glasses are primary protective devices intended to shield

the wearer’s eyes from flying and striking objects, glare and injurious radiation
hazards.
Goggles are primary protective devices intended to fit the face immediately
surrounding the eyes.
Face Shield is a protective device intended to shield the wearer’s face, or

portions thereof from striking objects or chemical, heat and glare hazards.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
USE OF EYE AND FACE
PROTECTIONS
"A a general rule, face shields should be

worn over suitable basic eye
protection."
- National Safety Council
111
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
WHEN SHOULD YOU WEAR A
HEARING PROTECTION DEVICE?
You should wear a hearing protection device whenever you are exposed to
noise that is 90 decibels (US – 85 dBA) or greater for an 8-hour period of
time.
A hearing protection device is anything that can be worn to reduce the level of
sound entering the ear.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
PERMISSIBLE NOISE EXPOSURES
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
APPROXIMATE DECIBEL LEVEL
Decibels (dB) Examples
0 The quietest sound you can hear
30 Whisper, quiet library
60 Normal conversation, sewing machine, typewriter
70-80 Television, city street noise, police whistle
90 Lawnmower, shop tools, truck traffic, an electric motor, Car horn at 5 meters
distance
(8 hours per day is the maximum exposure)
100-110 Chainsaw, pneumatic drill, close to a moving train, spray painting
115 Sandblasting, loud rock concert, auto horn at close distance
140 Gun muzzle blast, jet engine (causes pain)
112
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
TYPES OF HEARING
PROTECTORS
Earplugs
Hearing protectors placed inside the ear to block out noise.
To work effectively, they should fit snugly into the ear canal.
Earmuffs
A device composed of a headband with two cushioned ear cups that form
a seal around the outer ear, covering it completely and blocking out the
noise.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
RESPIRATORY HAZARDS
< Acids/Mists
< Solvents/Vapors
< Gases / Smoke
< Dusts/Particulates
< Heavy Metals/Fumes
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
FILTRATION RESPIRATORS or Mechanical
Respirators screen out dust and some form of
mist. Such Filters need to be replaced at frequent
intervals.
CHEMICAL CARTRIDGE
DEVICES remove contaminants by
Self-Contained Breathing
passing the tainted air through
Apparatus (SCBA) - Supply air
material that traps the harmful
from an air tank is strapped at the
portions. There are specific
person’s back.
cartridges for specific contaminants.
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
Common Hand & Arm Injury

Hand and Arm Hazards • Burns
1. Temperature extremes • Bruises
2. Chemical exposures and splashes • Abrasions
3. Sharp objects
• Cuts
4. Fire
5. Abrasive materials • Punctures
6. Live Electrical Conductors • Fractures
• Amputations
• Electrocution
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
The following are examples of some factors that
may influence the selection of protective gloves for a workplace.
▪ Type of chemicals handled.

▪ Nature of contact (total immersion, splash, etc.).
▪ Duration of contact.
▪ Area requiring protection (hand only, forearm, arm).
▪ Grip requirements (dry, wet, oily).
▪ Thermal protection.
▪ Size and comfort.
▪ Abrasion/resistance requirements.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
DIFFERENT KINDS OF GLOVES
Metal-meshed gloves resist sharp edges and prevent cuts
Leather gloves shield your hands from rough surfaces and heat
Vinyl & neoprene gloves protect your hands against toxic chemicals
Rubber gloves protect you when working around electricity.
Welder’s gloves protect your hands from heat and flames

Latex disposable gloves are used to protect your hands from germs and bacteria
Lead-lined gloves are used to protect your hands from radiation sources.
Cotton gloves help grasp slippery objects and protect against slivers, dirt,, moderate heat
or cold.
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
FOOT AND LEG PROTECTION
Hazards: Common Foot and Leg Injury
▪ Falling or rolling objects ▪ Fractures

▪ Sharp objects ▪ Punctures
▪ Live Electrical conductors ▪ Burns
▪ Hot surfaces ▪ Cuts
▪ Wet, slippery surfaces ▪ Amputations
▪ Electrocution
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
Examples of situations in which an employee should wear

foot and/or leg protection include:
▪ When heavy objects such as barrels or tools might roll onto or fall on the employee’s
feet;
▪ Working with sharp objects such as nails or spikes that could pierce the soles or
uppers of ordinary shoes;
▪ Exposure to molten metal that might splash on feet or legs;
▪ Working on or around hot, wet or slippery surfaces; and
▪ Working when electrical hazards are present.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
SAFETY SHOES CLASSIFICATION
(ASTM F 2413)
Heavy Duty or Class 75
Medium Duty or Class 50
Electrical Properties of Safety Shoes

ELECTROSTATIC DISSIPATING footwear conducts static electricity to
floors that are grounded.
ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE footwear are insulated with tough rubber to

prevent shocks and burns from electricity.
115
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
LIMITATIONS OF PPE
▪ The hazard still exists.

▪ A defective PPE offers no protection
▪ The PPE may introduce additional hazard.
▪ Most PPE are not for continuous use.
▪ Improper wearing may not give maximum protection.
▪ It may transfer hazard to another location
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
OSHS RULE 1080: PERSONAL
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT & DEVICES
1081 General Provisions:

1081.01 Every Employer:
1) Shall at his own expense furnish his workers with protective

equipment for the eyes, face, hands and feet, protective shields and
barriers whenever necessary by reason of the hazardous nature of the
process or environment, chemical or radiological or other
mechanical irritants or hazards capable of causing injury or
impairment in the function of any part of the body through absorption,
inhalation or physical contact.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
1081.02
All protective equipment shall be of approved design and construction
appropriate for the exposure and the work to be performed.
1081.03
The employer shall be responsible for the adequacy and proper maintenance
of personal protective equipment used in his workplace.
1081.04
No person shall be subjected or exposed to hazardous environmental
condition without protection.
116
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QUIZ
CHECK YOUR EMAIL!
COURSE
EVALUATION
CHECK YOUR EMAIL!
Q&A
117
2/12/2023
THANK YOU!
HEALTH & SAFETY SOLUTIONS

Tel: +63 2 83652868
admin@hssphilippines.com
www.hssphilippines.com
118

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2/12/2023

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

Corporate Project Management Group

Project Delivery Group Performance Awardee

• Eighteen (18) years of project/ work experience,

Bachelor of Science- Business Administration National College of Business and Arts

• Bachelor of Science Information Technology

CARLO MARTIN B. CARDINEZ

• 12 years work experience in Construction Industry

• Licensed Civil Engineer (PRC)

DEXTER ALISTER V. BACANI

• BS in Electronics and Communication

• Bachelor of Science in Maritime Industry

• Bachelor of Science in Nursing

LORENZO B. MELENDEZ JR. R.N.

• Degree in Computer Drafting, Technology for Architecture and

1. What is the first step in the Job Hazard Analysis

a. List corrective actions

1. What is the first step in the Job Hazard Analysis

a. List corrective actions

What is the focus of the JHA job review process?

a. Determining the most dangerous jobs

What is the focus of the JHA job review process?

a. Determining the most dangerous jobs

If hazards pose an immediate danger to an

a. Within the same day

If hazards pose an immediate danger to an

a. Within the same day

Once you have identified tasks you believe might

Once you have identified tasks you believe might

Which of the following is defined as the likelihood a

Which of the following is defined as the likelihood a

_____ describes how serious an injury or illness

_____ describes how serious an injury or illness

Which of the following is NOT listed as a factor that

Which of the following is NOT listed as a factor that

This simple technique can be used to help quickly

This simple technique can be used to help quickly

When conducting a JHA and determining the degree

When conducting a JHA and determining the degree

Which jobs should have the highest priority when

a. Jobs with the highest injury or illness rates

Which jobs should have the highest priority when

a. Jobs with the highest injury or illness rates

▪ Identify / recognize the occupational health hazards in the

▪ Know measuring instruments used to assess hazards,

▪ Identify the evaluation methods to assess the levels of exposure

Government and Private Sectors

• Large portion are unskilled

▪ Need to know the environmental factors that may affect

▪ What will you lose if you get injured /sick?

Construction work is featured by high labour turnover, constantly

Construction workers are exposed to a wide variety of health

Exposure to any one hazard is typically intermittent and of short

May also be exposed as a bystander to hazards produced by those

The severity of each hazard depends on the concentration and

• To improve working conditions and