Advanced Soil Mechanics 1 ٢ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﺣﺪ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ – ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ‬

Dr F. Kalantary By: Hadi Ahmadi (83401096)

٨٣-٨٤ ‫ ﻧﻴﻤﺴﺎﻝ ﺍﻭﻝ‬-٢ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ‬

: ‫• ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢ ﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ‬

Vo = π4 d 2 × h = π4 (38)2 × 76 = 86192.7 mm 3

Sr =1
eSr = wGs → eo = w oGs = 0.34 × 2.72 = 0.925

∆e = (1 + eo ) ∆VV
o

σ3 (kPa) 25 50 100 200 300 400 600 25

∆V (mm3) 0 670 1390 2330 4750 6540 8920 5690

∆V/Vo 0 0.0078 0.016 0.027 0.055 0.076 0.103 0.066

∆e 0 0.015 0.031 0.052 0.106 0.146 0.198 0.127

e 0.925 0.910 0.894 0.873 0.819 0.779 0.727 0.798

v 1.925 1.910 1.894 1.873 1.819 1.779 1.727 1.798

Ln p'
2

1.9

1.8
v

1.7

1.6

NCL: v = N − λLnp '

: v- Ln p' ‫ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ‬NCL ‫ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ‬-λ

v1 − v 2 1.779 − 1.727
⇒λ= = = 0.128 ⇒ λ = 0.128
Ln(p' 2 /p'1 ) Ln(600/400 )
 Advanced Soil Mechanics 2 ٢ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﺣﺪ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ – ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ‬
Dr F. Kalantary By: Hadi Ahmadi (83401096)

SRL: v = v k − kLnp '

: v- Ln p' ‫ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ‬SRL ‫ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ‬-k

v1 − v 2 1.798 − 1.727
⇒k = = = 0.022 ⇒ k = 0.022
Ln(p' 2 /p'1 ) Ln(600/25)

:‫ ﺻﺪﻕ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬NCL ‫( ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬600, 1.727) ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬

⇒ 1.727 = N − 0.128 Ln600 ⇒ N = 2.55

:‫ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺻﺪﻕ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬SRL ‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬

⇒ 1.727 = v k − 0.022 Ln600 ⇒ v k = 1.87

: ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‬
 NCL : v = 2.55 − 0.128 Lnp'

 SRL : v = 1.87 − 0.022 Lnp'

: OC ‫ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﺎﻙ‬CD ‫• ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬

Vo = 80502.7 mm 3

q (kPa) 0 44 61.6 59.1 43 37.4 36.3 35

δ (mm) 0 0.75 1.5 2.25 3 3.75 4.5 5.25

∆V (mm3) 0 800 800 -1200 -3700 -4500 -5100 -5300

εv (%) 0 1.0 1.0 -1.5 -4.6 -5.6 -6.3 -6.6

 Advanced Soil Mechanics 3 ٢ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﺣﺪ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ – ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ‬
Dr F. Kalantary By: Hadi Ahmadi (83401096)

:‫ ﺻﺪﻕ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬CSL ‫ ( ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬C‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ )ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬

qf q
‫ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺯﻫﻜﺸﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ‬: = 3 ⇒ p' f = f + po
p' f − po 3

p =25 kPa 35

o
 → p' f = + 25 = 36.7 kPa
3
λ =0.128
CSL: v = Γ − λLnp'  → v = Γ − 0.128Lnp'

ef = eo -(1 + eo ) ∆V −5300 = 0.916 ⇒ v = 1 + e = 1.916

= 0.798 − (1 + 0.798) 80502.7
V o
f f

v f = Γ − 0.128Ln pf′ ⇒ 1.916 = Γ − 0.128 Ln36.7 ⇒ Γ = 2.38

⇒ CSL: v = 2.38 − 0.128 Lnp'

qf′ 35
qf′ = M p' f ⇒ M= = = 0.95 ⇒ M = 0.95
p' f 36.7
 Advanced Soil Mechanics 4 ٢ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﺣﺪ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ – ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ‬
Dr F. Kalantary By: Hadi Ahmadi (83401096)

:‫ ﺍﺳﺖ‬Hvorslev ‫ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬q-δ ‫ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ‬peak ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬

q = 61.6 kPa , ∆V = 800 mm 3

eh = eo-(1 + eo ) ∆V = 0.798 − (1 + 0.798) 800 = 0.796 ⇒ v h = 1 + eh = 1.796
V o 80502.7

: Hvorslev ‫ﺩﺭ ﻟﺤﻈﺔ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ‬

p' h = 45.5 kPa , qh′ = 45.5 kPa

:‫ ﺻﺪﻕ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬Hvorslev ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬

Hvorslev: q ′ = (M − h)exp (Γ λ−v )+ hp′

( )
⇒ 61.6 = (0.95 − h)exp 2.55 −1.796 + 45.5h ⇒ h = 0.89
0.128

g = (M − h)exp (Γ −λN ) = (0.95 − 0.89)exp (2.55 −2.38 ) = 0.024

0.128

( 0.128 )
⇒ Hvorslev: q ′ = 0.06exp 2.55 −v + 0.89p′
 Advanced Soil Mechanics 5 ٢ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﺣﺪ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ – ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ‬
Dr F. Kalantary By: Hadi Ahmadi (83401096)

qcf′
′ = M p' cf
qcf ′ = 0.95 (600 +
⇒ qcf 3
′ = 837kPa
) ⇒ qcf
⇒ p' cf = 600 + 837
3
= 879 kPa

: OC ‫ﭘﻮﺵ ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ‬

q ′−61.6 −61.6
p′−45.5
= 837
879 −45.5
⇒ q ′ = 0.93 p′ + 19.3

⇒ σ1′ − σ 3′ = 0.93
3
(σ1′ + 2σ 3′ ) + 19.3 ⇒ σ 3′ = 0.43 σ1′ − 11.9

: ‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬

1 − sinϕ ′ 1 − sinϕ ′
σ 3′ = σ1′ − 2c ′
1 + sinϕ ′ 1 + sinϕ ′

1 − sinϕ ′
⇒ = 0.43 ⇒ ϕ ′ = 11+−0.43 = 23.5 o ⇒ ϕ ′ = 23.5 o
1 + sinϕ ′ 0.43

1 − sinϕ ′
⇒ = 0.43 = 0.66 ⇒ c′ = 11.9
2×0.66
= 9 kPa ⇒ c ′ = 9 kPa
1 + sinϕ ′
 ‫‪Advanced Soil Mechanics‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﺣﺪ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ – ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ‪٢‬‬
‫‪Dr F. Kalantary‬‬ ‫)‪By: Hadi Ahmadi (83401096‬‬

‫• ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ CU‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﺎﻙ ‪: OC‬‬

‫)ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ ، 600 kPa‬ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤ ﹰﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻨﻔﺬﻱ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ(‬
‫)‪q (kPa‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪59.6‬‬ ‫‪76‬‬ ‫‪80.8‬‬ ‫‪84‬‬ ‫‪86.5‬‬ ‫‪89‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬
‫)‪δ (mm‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.75‬‬ ‫‪1.5‬‬ ‫‪2.25‬‬ ‫‪3.0‬‬ ‫‪3.75‬‬ ‫‪4.5‬‬ ‫‪5.25‬‬ ‫‪6.0‬‬

‫‪po′ = σ 3 = 25 kPa , v f = v o = 1.798‬‬

‫‪CSL: v f = 2.38 − 0.128 Lnpf′ ⇒ 1.798 = 2.38 − 0.128 Lnpf′‬‬
‫‪⇒ pf′ = exp‬‬ ‫‪(2.380.128‬‬
‫‪−1.798 ) = 94.3 kPa‬‬

‫‪or : qf = 90 kPa ⇒ pf′ = qf M = 90 0.95 = 94.7 kPa‬‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪⇒ pf′ = 94.5 kPa‬‬
 Advanced Soil Mechanics 7 ٢ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﺣﺪ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ – ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ‬
Dr F. Kalantary By: Hadi Ahmadi (83401096)

q q
3
f + u = p′ − p ′
f o ⇒ u = pf′ − po′ − 3f = 94.5 − 25 − 90
3
= 39.5 kPa ⇒ u = 39.5 kPa

:‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤ ﹰﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻨﻔﺬﻱ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬، 600 kPa ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬

‫ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺁﺏ‬: u = ue + uo = −39.5 + 600 = 560.5 kPa

 Advanced Soil Mechanics 8 ٢ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﺣﺪ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ – ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ‬
Dr F. Kalantary By: Hadi Ahmadi (83401096)

pc′ o = σ c = 600 kPa , v cf = v co = 1.727

CSL: v cf = 2.38 − 0.128 Lnpcf′ ⇒ 1.727 = 2.38 − 0.128 Ln pcf
′
(
′ = exp 2.38
⇒ pcf 0.128
)
−1.727 = 164.3 kPa

′ = 0.95 ×164.3 = 156 kPa

⇒ qcf = M pcf
⇒ pcf = 600 + 156 = 652 kPa
3

: OC ‫ﭘﻮﺵ ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ‬

q −90
= 156 −90 ⇒ q = 0.11p + 86
p −36.7 652 −36.7
⇒ σ1 − σ 3 = 0.11
3
(σ1 + 2σ 3 ) + 86 ⇒ σ 3 = 0.92σ1 − 83

: ‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬

1 − sinϕ 1 − sinϕ
σ 3 = σ1 − 2c
1 + sinϕ 1 + sinϕ

1 − sinϕ 1−0.92 = 2.4 o

⇒ = 0.92 ⇒ ϕ =1
1 + sinϕ +0.92

1 − sinϕ 83 = 43.3 kPa

⇒ = 0.92 = 0.96 ⇒ c=
1 + sinϕ 2×0.96
: ‫ ﺍﺳﺖ‬CU ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻞ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬
ccu = 43.3 kPa , ϕ cu = 2.4 o
 ‫‪Advanced Soil Mechanics‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﺣﺪ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ – ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ‪٢‬‬
‫‪Dr F. Kalantary‬‬ ‫)‪By: Hadi Ahmadi (83401096‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﮔﻴﺴﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪pf′ = 94.5 kPa , qf′ = 90.0 kPa‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪:‬‬
‫‪pc′ = 600 kPa , pc′ f = 164.3 kPa‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪pe′ = exp 2.55‬‬ ‫‪−v‬‬
‫‪0.128‬‬
‫)‬ ‫‪, v c = 1.727‬‬ ‫‪, v o = 1.798‬‬

‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻴﺶﺗﺤﻜﻴﻤﻲ ‪ ٣‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ٤‬ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ‪ CSL‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﺔ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ‪ ٦/٣٥‬ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬