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Sni 8605-2018 (H2S)
Sni 8605-2018 (H2S)
Sni 8605-2018 (H2S)
TLH =217:516=
© ETL 516=
Mfo
Mfo dh ptf khi hlkulch ulkflc-ulkflc. Khif
Khifrflc
rflc nglcununofl k fl ngnpgreflyf
ngnpgreflyfo
o sgefchfl ftfu
sgiurum hsh k`oungl hlh kglcfl dfrf kfl kfifn egltuo fpfpul sgrtf khifrflc nglkhstrheushofl
k`oungl hlh efho sgdfrf g
gigotr`lho
igotr`lho nfupul tgrdgtf
tgrdgtfo
o tflpf hzhl tgrtuihs kfrh ETL
ETL
Gnfhi: k`ohlb`Aesl.c`.hk
www.esl.c`.hk
Khtgrehtofl
Khtgrehtofl kh Jfof
Jfofrtf
rtf
TLH =217:516=
Kfbtfr hsh
© ETL 516= h
TLH =217:516=
Qrfoftf
Ttflkfr Lfsh`lfi Hlk`lgshf TLH =217:516=, kglcfl jukui Qglcuourfl ofkfr mhkr`cgl suibhkf
kh ukfrf tgnpft ogrjf kglcfl ngt`kg ehru ngthigl nglcculfofl spgotr`b`t`ngtgr vhshegi,
ngrupfofl TLH efru yflc khsusul egrkfsfrofl mfshi pglgihthfl.
pglgihthfl . Ttflkfr hlh khrunusofl kfl
khujh d`ef kh ife`rft`rhun pglcujhfl kfifn rflcof vfihkfsh ngt`kg ujh.
Ttflkfr hlh khsusul `igm O`nhtg [golhs 64-16, Ogsgifnftfl kfl Ogsgmftfl Ogrjf.
Ogrjf. Ttflkfr hlh
tgifm khefmfs kfl khsgpfofth kfifn rfpft o`lsglsus kh Jfofrtf, pfkf tflccfi
68 Kgsgnegr 5163. O`lsglsus hlh khmfkhrh `igm pfrf pgnflcou ogpglthlcfl ( stfogm`ikgr )
tgrofht, yfhtu pgrwfohifl kfrh pgngrhltfm, pgifou usfmf, o`lsungl, kfe pfofr.
Ttflkfr hlh tgifm ngifiuh tfmfp jfjfo pglkfpft pfkf tflccfi 61 Fcustus 516= sfnpfh kglcfl
8 @ot`egr 516= kglcfl mfshi fomhr khsgtujuh ngljfkh TLH.
Qgriu khpgrmfthofl efmwf ognulcohlfl egegrfpf ulsur kfrh k`oungl Ttflkfr hlh kfpft
egrupf mfo pftgl. Efkfl Ttflkfrkhsfsh Lfsh`lfi thkfo egrtflcculc jfwfe ultuo
pglchkglthbhofshfl sfifm sftu ftfu sgiurum mfo pftgl yflc fkf.
TLH =217:516=
Qglkfmuiufl
Qgrogneflcfl hlkustrh yflc nfohl pgsft ngnefwf kfnpfo p`shthb pfkf ogmhkupfl, tgtfph
jucf egrkfnpfo lgcfthb tgrmfkfp ogsgifnftfl kfl ogsgmftfl tglfcf ogrjf. Tgefchfl
pglygefelyf
pglygefelyf fkfifm ufp ftfu cfs yflc thneui
t hneui foheft pr`sgs pr`kuosh kh tgnpft ogrjf, sgpgrth
cfs M5T.
Gbgo yflc thneui foheft pfpfrfl ufp kfl cfs M 5T kh tgnpft ogrjf kfpft nglcurflch
oglyfnflfl ogthof egogrjf, efmofl kfpft nglygefeofl gbgo lgcfthb pfkf ogsgmftfl tglfcf
ogrjf sgpgrth hrhtfsh kfl cflccufl pgrlfbfsfl. Qfjflfl ufp kfl cfs M5T jflcof pfljflc kfl
egruiflc egiun kfpft khtgltuofl tgtfph cgjfif egrupf sfoht ogpfif ftfu pushlc kfl ogigifmfl
khtgnuofl kh tgnpft ogrjf. Cgjfif yflc nuldui foheft pfpfrfl 7 ppn sfnpfh 5111 ppn,
fkfifm sgefcfh egrhout :
6111 ppn sfnpfh 5111 ppn : Ogiunpumfl shstgn pgrlfbfsfl sfnpfh kglcfl nglhneuiofl
ognfthfl.
Wltuo nglcgtfmuh sfnpfh sgegrfpf jfum rhsho` efmfyf tgrmfkfp tglfcf ogrjf, khpgriuofl
pglcuourfl ofkfr cfs M5T kh ukfrf tgnpft ogrjf kglcfl dfrf yflc eglfr, sgmhlccf
khpgriuofl ngt`kf stflkfr pglcuourfl. Ttflkfr hlh nglgtfpofl ngt`kf pglcuourfl ofkfr
M5T kh ukfrf tgnpft ogrjf yflc tgrofht tgrmfkfp kfnpfo ogsgmftfl tglfcf ogrjf ultuo
ngwujukofl ogsgrfcfnfl kfifn ngifouofl pglcujhfl sgdfrf Lfsh`lfi kfl kfifn rflcof
ngihlkulch ogsgifnftfl kfl ogsgmftfl tglfcf ogrjf.
Ngt`kg kfifn Ttflkfr hlh nglcfdu kfrh NFTF Ngtm`k 316 tfmul 68== tgltflc Kgtgrnhlfth`l
Kgtgrnhlfth`l
`b Mykr`cgl Tuibhkg D`ltglt `b tmg
t mg Ftn`spmgrg kglcfl pgruefmfl yfhtu thkfo nglcculfofl
Frfehl`cfifdtfl
Frfehl`cfifdtfl ofrglf thkfo
thkfo ngnegrhofl pglcfrum
pglcfrum yflc
yflc shclhbhofl pfkf
pfkf fes`regl.
TLH =217:516=
6 Uuflc ihlcoup
Ttflkfr hlh nglgtfpofl ngt`kg pglcuourfl ofkfr mhkr`cgl suibhkf kh ukfrf tgnpft ogrjf
kglcfl ngt`kf ehru ngthigl nglcculfofl spgotr`b`t`ngtgr vhshegi, ngihputh tfmfp pgrshfpfl,
pglcfnehifl d`lt`m ujh, flfihshs kfl pgrmhtulcfl ofkfr mhkr`cgl suibhkf (1,1162-6,11;1) eks.
Ttflkfr hlh thkfo egrifou pfkf tgnpft ogrjf yflc ngngriuofl mfshi pglcuourfl sgdfrf
iflcsulc ultuo ogpgriufl prfogrjf kfl sgifnf ogrjf.
5 Fdufl l`rnfthb
TLH 3541, [golho pglgltufl ththo pglcfnehifl sfnpgi ukfrf kh tgnpft ogrjf
4.6
flfiht
zft ohnhf yflc khujh pfkf d`lt`m ujh ukfrf
4.5
eiflo` ife`rft`rhun
ifrutfl pglygrfp yflc khpgrifouofl sgefcfh o`ltr`i o`ltfnhlfsh sgifnf prgpfrfsh kfl
pglgltufl d`lt`m ujh kh ife`rft`rhun
4.4
eiflo` ifpflcfl
ifrutfl pglygrfp yflc khpgrifouofl sgefcfh o`ltr`i o`ltfnhlfsh sgifnf pglcfnehifl d`lt`m
ujh
4.;
eurgt
fift ultuo nglgtgsofl sgjunifm rgfcgl dfhr kfifn gospgrhngl yflc ngngriuofl prgshsh
sgpgrth pfkf thtrfsh
4.7
griglngygr fsfm
wfkfm yflc khculfofl ultuo ngifouofl rgfosh fltfr sglyfwf ohnhf, kfl jucf sgefcfh fift
yflc khculfofl kfifn pr`sgs thtrfsh ultuo nglfnpulc ifrutfl yflc fofl khthtrfsh
(nglcculfofl pglutup)
4.2
bi`wngtgr
fift ultuo nglcuour ifju fihrfl ukfrf
TLH =217:516=
4.3
mhkr`cgl suibhkf (M5T)
pgrsglyfwffl mhkr`cgl kfl egigrflc egregltuo cfs ngnhihoh shbft thkfo egrwfrlf, egrefu
sgpgrth tgiur eusuo, nukfm tgrefofr kfl egrfdul
4.=
ourvf ofiherfsh
4.8
ifrutfl hlkuo
ifrutfl stflkfr o`lsgltrfsh thlcch yflc khculfofl ultuo ngneuft ifrutfl stflkfr o`lsgltrfsh
igehm rglkfm
4.61
ifrutfl stflkfr
ifrutfl yflc khpgr`igm kfrh pglcgldgrfl ifrutfl hlkuo kglcfl ofkfr yflc khogtfmuh sgdfrf
tgpft yflc fofl khculfofl ultuo ngneuft ourvf ofiherfsh
4.66
ifrutfl pglygrfp
ifrutfl yflc kfpft nglygrfp flfiht
4.65
nhkcgt hnphlcgr
tfeulc pglcfnehi d`lt`m ujh yflc khiglcofph kglcfl ujulc shihlkgr cgifs yflc egrfkf kh kfsfr
tfeulc kglcfl nfoshnun khfngtgr kfifn 6 nn
4.64
phpgt v`iungtrho
fift uour ouflthtfthb kglcfl thlcoft ogtgihthfl thlcch, khtflkfh kglcfl egltuolyf yflc rfnphlc
pfkf pgluljuo v`iung kfl mflyf fkf sftu uourfl v`iung
4.6;
pglcglkfihfl nutu
ogchftfl yflc egrtujufl ultuo ngnfltfu ogsfifmfl flfihshs, efho egrupf ogsfifmfl ngt`kf,
ogsfifmfl nflushf, o`ltfnhlfsh, nfupul ogsfifmfl pglcfnehifl d`lt`m ujh kfl pgrjfiflfl
og ife`rft`rhun
; Ngt`kg ujh
;.6 Qrhlshp
Mhkr`cgl suibhkf kfrh ukfrf tgnpft ogrjf khsgrfp `igm ifrutfl dfnpurfl kfrh suspglsh fiofih
ofknhun mhkr`oshkf kh kfifn nhkcgt hnphlcgr . H`l suibhkf egrgfosh kglcfl pgrgfosh dfnpurfl
kfrh p-fnhl`khngthiflhihlf, bgrrh oi`rhkf kfl h`l oi`rhkf ngnegltuo sglyfwf o`npigos yflc
egrwfrlf ehru. Tgifljutlyf hltglshtfs wfrlf kfrh sglyfwf o`npigos tgrsgeut kh uour
sgrfpfllyf kglcfl spgotr`b`t`ngtgr vhshegi pfkf pfljflc cgi`neflc 231 ln.
TLH =217:516=
;.5 Efmfl
k) p-fnhl`khngthiflhihlf
p-fnhl`khngt hiflhihlf (l`n`r DFT 888=8)
c) Hlkhoft`r ofljh
n) H`k (H5)
`) Fhr suihlc
;.4 Qgrfiftfl
f) nhkcgt hnphlcgr khsgihnuth
khsgihnuth fiunhlhun b`hi/ogrtfs ofre`l
e) sgiflc shiho`l
k) p`npf vfoun
g) ifeu uour 71 nI? 611 nI? 571 nI? 711 nI kfl 6111 nI?
m) cgifs phfif 611 nI? 571 nI? 711 nI kfl 6111 nI?
TLH =217:516=
j) spgotr`b`t`ngtgr
spgotr`b`t`ngtgr vhshegi?
i) eurgt 71 nI?
n) stfthb?
l) oign?
p) `vgl?
q) ofdf fri`jh?
r) tgrn`ngtgr?
s) efr`ngtgr?
t) pglcfkuo?
7 Qgrshfpfl flfihshs
Ifrutofl ;,4 c ofknhun suibft (DkT@;.2M5@) kglcfl fhr suihlc, ifiu ifrutofl 1,4 c lftrhun
mhkr`oshkf (Lf@M) kglcfl fhr suihlc. Dfnpurofl ogkuf ifrutfl tgrsgeut kglcfl fhr suihlc
sfnpfh v`iung 6 i.
DF[F[FL Dfnpurfl ifrutfl hlh mfrus khfkuo sgegiun khculfofl kfl thkfo e`igm khshnpfl kfifn
DF[F[FL
wfotu yflc ifnf (nfoshnfi 4 mfrh).
Nfsuoofl 71 ni fsfn suibft pgoft (M5T@;) og kfifn cgifs phfif 571 ni yflc tgifm egrhsh 41
ni fhr suihlc. Khlchlofl ifrutfl kfl og kfifn ifrutfl tgrsgeut tfnefmofl 65 c
p-fnhl`khngthiflhihlf kfl khm`n`cglofl.
Nfsuoofl 71 ni M5T@; pgoft og kfifn cgifs phfif 571 ni yflc tgifm egrhsh ;1 ni fhr suihlc
sgdfrf pgrifmfl-ifmfl
pgrifmfl-ifmfl kfl igtfoofl kfifn wfkfm egrhsh fhr gs. Ehfrofl ifrutfl mhlccf khlchl,
ognukhfl tfnefmofl fhr suihlc sfnpfh 611 ni, kfl khm`n`cglofl.
TLH =217:516=
Ifrutofl 611 c BgDi4.2M5@ kglcfl fhr suihlc mhlccf 611 ni ifrutfl, kfl khm`n`cglofl.
DF[F[FL Tgnuf efmfl (7.6.6 sfnpfh 7.6.7) tgtfp kfifn o`lkhsh khlchl kfifn pglyhnpflfl.
DF[F[FL
Qflfsofl OH@4 pfkf sumu 6=1 ±D sgifnf 5 jfn kfifn `vgl kfl khlchlofl kfifn kgshoft`r.
Ognukhfl ifrutofl 1,47 c OH@ 4 og kfifn ifeu uour 611 ni kfl tfnefmofl fhr suihlc sfnpfh
tflkf tgrf, kfl m`n`cglofl.
m`n`cglofl. L`rnfihtfslyf khmhtulc egrkfsfrofl pgrsfnffl runus 6.
(6)
4.72223
Ogtgrflcfl:
L6 fkfifm o`lsgltrfsh ifrutfl OH@4 (L)
S fkfifm egrft OH@4 (c)
Nfsuoofl kfifn cgifs phfif egrturut-turut 1,; c ofljh kfl 1,115 c ngrdurh (HH) h`khkf, ifrutofl
sgdfrf mfth-mfth
sfnpfh ifrutfl kglcfl fhr nglkhkhm
jgrlhm, ifiu khlchloflsfnpfh v`iung 511ogni.kfifn
kfl phlkfmofl Qflfsofl
e`t`iifrutfl tgrsgeut
pgrgfosh, kfl
m`n`cglofl.
Gldgrofl 61 nI MDi 45 % kglcfl 611 ni fhr suihlc kh kfifn cgifs phfif, kfl m`n`cglofl.
Ifrutofl 57 c Lf5T5@4.7M5@ kglcfl 511 ni fhr suihlc yflc efru khkhkhmofl kfl sukfm khlchl,
tfnefmofl 1,6 c lftrhun ofre`lft (Lf 5D@4) ognukhfl jfkhofl v`iunglyf ngljfkh
6 i, kfl m`n`cglofl. Ehfrofl ifrutfl hlh sgifnf 6 mfrh sgegiun khefouofl.
Qhpgt 71 ni ifrutfl hlkuo Lf5T5@4 kfl nfsuoofl og ifeu uour 711 ni, ognukhfl tfnefmofl
fhr suihlc sfnpfh tflkf tgrf ifiu m`n`cglofl.
Nfsuoofl kfifn cgifs phfif egrturut-turut 65,3 c h`k (H 5) kfl ;1 c ofihun h`khkf (OH), ifrutofl
dfnpurfl tgrsgeut kglcfl 57 ni fhr suihlc. Qhlkfmofl sgdfrf ouflthtfthb og kfifn ifeu uour
6 i, tfnefmofl fhr suihlc sfnpfh tflkf tgrf kfl m`n`cglofl.
Qhpgt 71 ni ifrutfl hlkuo H5 kfl nfsuoofl og ifeu uour 711 ni ognukhfl tfnefmofl fhr suihlc
sfnpfh tflkf tgrf ifiu m`n`cglofl.
TLH =217:516=
Qhpgt 6 ni ifrutfl hlkuo lftrhun suibhkf og kfifn ifeu uour 611 ni, ognukhfl tfnefmofl
ifrutfl pglygrfp sfnpfh tflkf tgrf kfl m`n`cglofl.
DF[F[FL Ifju fihr mfrus khdgo sgdfrf egrofif, jhof pglcfnehifl d`lt`m ujh sgifnf 6 jfn
DF[F[FL
khpgrhosf sgthfp 67 nglht.
k) Ifouofl pglcfnehifl d`lt`m ujh sgifnf 21 nglht kfl dftft kftf d`lt`m ujh nglcculfofl
b`rnuihr pglcfnehifl d`lt`m ujh (ihmft Ifnphrfl F)?
g) Tgtgifm sgigsfh pglcfnehifl d`lt`m ujh, dftft ifju fihr fomhr B5 (i/nglht)
(i/nglht ) kfl ognukhfl
nfthofl p`npf pglcmhsfp?
b) Qhlkfmofl ifrutfl d`lt`m ujh og e`t`i ujh, shnpfl kh kfifn wfkfm egrpglkhlchl, efwf og
ife`rft`rhun ultuo khflfihshs.
Ogtgrflcfl cfnefr:
F nhkcgt hnphlcgr
E pgrflcofp ufp
D sgrft ofdf (cifss w``i)
w``i)
K bi`w ngtgr yflc
yflc nfnpu nglcuour ifju fihr 6 i/nglht sfnpfh 7 i/nglht
G orfl pglcftur
B p`npf
TLH =217:516=
3 Flfihshs
Wltuo nglgltuofl ifrutfl efou lftrhun th` suibft 1,6 L khifouofl iflcofm-iflcofm sgefcfh
egrhout:
k) [fnefmofl 7 ni hlkhoft`r
hlkhoft`r ofljh, kfl ifljutofl thtrfsh sfnpfh ththo fomhr
fomhr (wfrlf ehru tgpft
mhiflc), dftft v`iung ifrutfl pglhtfr yflc khpgriuofl (R5)?
g) Mhtulc l`rnfihtfs ifrutfl lftrhun th` suibft tgrsgeut kglcfl runus (5) sgefcfh egrhout:
57
(5)
Ogtgrflcfl:
L6 fkfifm o`lsgltrfsh ifrutfl OH@4 kfifn crgo/i (L)?
L5 fkfifm o`lsgltrfsh ifrutfl lftrhun th` suibft th` suibft kfifn crgo/i (L)?
R5 fkfifm v`iung ifrutfl lftrhun th` suibft mfshi thtrfsh (ni)?
Wltuo nglgltuofl o`lsgltrfsh M5T kfifn ifrutfl hlkuo, khifouofl iflcofm-iflcofm egrhout:
d) [htrfsh ifrutfl kfifn ifeu griglngygr fsfm kglcfl ifrutfl lftrhun th` suibft 1,16 L
(iflcofm 7.6.61) sfnpfh wfrlf ifrutfl egruefm ngljfkh oulhlc nukf?
k) [fnefmofl 7 ni hlkhoft`r
hlkhoft`r ofljh, kfl ifljutofl thtrfsh sfnpfh ththo fomhr
fomhr (wfrlf ehru tgpft
mhiflc), dftft v`iung ifrutfl pglhtfr yflc khpgriuofl (Rd)?
g) Fnehi 57 ni fhr suihlc sgefcfh eiflo` kglcfl nglcculfofl phpgt ognukhfl nfsuoofl
og kfifn ifeu griglngygr fsfm kfl ifouofl iflcofm-iflcofm kh ftfs kfrh 2.5.f sfnpfh
2.5.k. (Re)?
b) Mhtulc o`lsgltrfsh M5T kfifn ifrutfl hlkuo tgrsgeut kglcfl runus (4) sgefcfh egrhout:
2=1
2=1 (4)
Ogtgrflcfl:
D fkfifm o`lsgltrfsh M5T kfifn ifrutfl hlkuo Lf 5T.8M5@ (ιc/ni)?
e
R
Rd fkfifm
fkfifm v`iung
v`iung lftrhun
lftrhun th`
th` suibft
suibft mfshi
mfshi thtrfsh
thtrfsh eiflo`
ifrutfl (ni)?
hlkuo Lf5T.8M5@ (ni)?
L5 fkfifm l`rnfihtfs ifrutfl lftrhun th` suibft 1,16 L (L)?
TLH =217:516=
f) Mhkupofl spgotr`b`t`ngtgr
spgotr`b`t`ngtgr vhshegi
vhshegi sgsufh
sgsufh hlstruosh
hlstruosh ogrjf
ogrjf fift. Qfsthofl pfljflc
cgi`neflc 231 ln?
e) Nfsuoofl sgdfrf
ifrutfl stflkfr Lf5ouflthtfthb
T.8M5@ pfkf nfshlc-nfshlc
nfshlc-nfs
7.6.6; oghlc 1 ni?ifeu
kfifn 6 nI?
uour561
ni?ni?
4 ni? ; ni? 7 ni? 2 ni
d) Jfkhofl v`iung ifrutfl stflkfr pfkf nfshlc-nfshlc ifeu uour sfnpfh 61 ni kglcfl
ifrutfl pglygrfp?
k) Qfkf nfshlc-nfshlc
nfshlc-nfsh lc ifeu uour tfnefmofl 1,2 ni Fnhlg-suiburh
Fnhlg-suiburhd
d fdhk tgst s`iuth`l,
s`iuth`l,
ognukhfl tfnefmofl 6 tgtgs ifrutfl bgrrh oi`rhkf sgdfrf egrurutfl, sgifljutlyf tutup
rfpft?
f) Thfpofl tfeulc rgfosh egrtutup ultuo eiflco` kfl d`lt`m ujh sgeflyfo junifm d`lt`m
ujh?
e) Wrutofl e`t`i d`lt`m ujh M5T sgsufh o`kg sfnehi kh o`d`o sfnpfh m`n`cgl?
d) Qhpgt nfshlc-nfshlc
nfshlc-nfshlc d`lt`m ujh sgeflyfo 61 ni, nfsuoofl og kfifn tfeulc rgfosh?
g) Ifouofl iflcofm-iflcofm
iflcofm-iflco fm yflc sfnf sgpgrth iflcofm k) sfnpfh b) pfkf 3.4?
b) Mhtulc o`lsgltrfsh d`lt`m ujh kglcfl nglcculfofl
nglcculfofl runus (7).
3.7 Qgrmhtulcfl
R`iung d`lt`m ujh ukfrf yflc khfnehi kho`rgosh pfkf o`lkhsh l`rnfi (57 ±D, 321 nnMc)
kglcfl nglcculfofl runus (;) sgefcfh egrhout:
Ogtgrflcfl:
R fkfifm v`iung ukfrf yflc khmhsfp (i)?
b 6 fkfifm ifju fihr fwfi (i/nglht)?
b 5 fkfifm ifju fihr fomhr (i/nglht)?
t fkfifm kurfsh pglcfnehifl d`lt`m ujh (nglht)?
TLH =217:516=
Qf fkfifm tgoflfl efr`ngtgr rftf-rftf sgifnf pglcfnehifl d`lt`m ujh (nnMc)?
[f fkfifm sumu rftf-rftf sgifnf pglcfnehifl d`lt`m ujh (O)?
58= fkfifm sumu pfkf o`lkhsh l`rnfi (O)
321 fkfifm tgoflfl pfkf o`lkhsh l`rnfi 6 ftn (nnMc)
51
6.111 (7)
61
Ogtgrflcfl:
D fkfifm ofkfr M5T kh ukfrf tgnpft ogrjf (·c/n 4)
fkfifm o`lsgltrfsh M5T d`lt`m ujh kfrh mfshi pgnefdffl spgotr`b`t`ngtgr vhshegi (·c)
R fkfifm v`iung ukfrf pfkf o`lkhsh l`rnfi (i)
6.111 fkfifm o`lvgrsh ihtgr (i) og n4
51 fkfifm v`iung t`tfi ifrutfl pglygrfp yflc khculfofl ultuo pglcfnehifl d`lt`m ujh (ni)
61 fkfifm v`iung yflc khphpgt ultuo flfihshs kglcfl spgotr`b`t`ngtgr
spgotr`b`t `ngtgr vhshegi (ni)
3.2 Qgifp`rfl
Qgifp`rfl
Mfshi flfihshs khifp`rofl kglcfl nglcculfofl ignefr ogrjf kglcfl ngnuft hlb`rnfsh sgpgrth
pfkf Ifnphrfl E.
f) Culfofl spgotr`b`t`ngtgr
spgotr`b` t`ngtgr vhshegi yflc sukfm khofiherfsh.
d) Culfofl fift uour ifju fihr (bi`w ngtgr ) yflc sukfm khofiherfsh.
b) Mhlkfrh tgrjfkhlyf pglcufpfl yflc egrigehmfl kfrh ifrutfl pglygrfp kfifn nhkcgt nhkcgt
hnphlcgr , culfofl fiunhlhun b`hi ftfu
b`hi ftfu e`x pglkhlchl sgefcfh pgihlkulc tgrmfkfp dfmfyf
nftfmfrh.
m) Mhlkfrh pglcfnehifl
pglcfnehifl d`lt`m ujh pfkf sfft mujfl,
mujfl, ogdgpftfl flchl ngigehmh
ngigehmh 67 n/s jhof
pglcfnehifl
pglcfnehi fl d`lt`m ujh kh ifouofl kh tgnpft ogrjf tgreuof.
TLH =217:516=
O`gbhshgl o`rgifsh (r) igehm egsfr ftfu sfnf kglcfl 1,88= (ftfu sgsufh kglcfl ognfnpufl
ife`rft`rhun yflc egrsflcoutfl kglcfl hltgrsgpsh igehm ogdhi ftfu sfnf kglcfl eftfs
kgtgosh.
Wjh eiflco` ife`rft`rhun nglcculfofl ifrutfl pglygrfp sgefcfh d`lt`m ujh (eiflco`) kfl
khogrjfofl sgsufh kglcfl pglgltufl d`lt`m ujh ultuo nglcgtfmuh o`ltfnhlfsh, efho tgrmfkfp
pgrgfosh yflc khculfofl nfupul tgrmfkfp tfmfp-tfmfp sgifnf flfihshs kh ife`rft`rhun.
ife`rft`rhun.
Wjh eiflco` ifpflcfl nglcculfofl ifrutfl pglygrfp sgefcfh d`lt`m ujh (eiflco`) kfl
khogrjfofl sgsufh kglcfl pglgltufl d`lt`m ujh ultuo nglcgtfmuh o`ltfnhlfsh, efho tgrmfkfp
pgrgfosh yflc khculfofl nfupul tgrmfkfp tfmfp-tfmfp sgifnf pglcfnehifl d`lt`m ujh kh
ifpflcfl.
DF[F[FL Jfnhlfl kfl pglcglkfihfl nutu khifouofl sgsufh kglcfl ogehjfofl ife`rft`rhun yflc
DF[F[FL
egrsflcoutfl.
TLH =217:516=
Ifnphrfl F
(l`rnfthb)
(l`rnfthb)
B`rnuihr pglcfnehifl d`lt`m ujh mhkr`cgl suibhkf kh ukfrf tgnpft ogrjf
ogrjf
Fifnft pgrusfmffl
pgrusfmffl : …………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
………
………………. , …………………………
Qgtucfs pglcfnehi d`lt`m ujh
(………………………….)
TLH =217:516=
Ifnphrfl E
(l`rnfthb)
(l`rnfthb)
Qgifp`rfl mfshi flfihshs
5) Lfnf flfihs
4) [flccfi flfihshs
;) Eftfs kgtgosh
3) Kftf pr`sgs
TLH =217:516=
Eheih`crfbh
_5^ Jfngs Q. I`kcg Jr, Ngtm`ks `b Fhr Tfnpihlc flk Flfiyshs tmhrk gkhth`l,
gkhth`l, Igwhs Queihsmgr,
68==.
_4^ Wlhtgk Ttftgs Kgpfrtnglt `b Ife`r, Mhkr`cgl suibhkf, mttp://www.`smf.c`v