The Effects of Using Germinated Wheat on Cyprinus carpio L.

Productive and
Developmental Performances
Abdulrahman Nasreen & Imad Tayar

Abstract
The experiment was carried out at the Fish Laboratory, University of Duhok, Iraq. 120 common carp Cyprinus carpio L. individuals of were used in this study. Four
groups were organized (T1 – negative control, T2 – positive control, supplemented with 50 mg/kg pure inulin, T3 – supplemented with 25 gm/kg germinated wheat,
and T4 – supplemented with 50 gm/kg germinated wheat). The green parts of germinated wheat were cut, dried, and crushed as a powder to be used as feed
supplements. The highest values of the weight gain, daily weight gain, and relative growth rate, and lower feed efficiency ratio, protein and fat efficiency ratio are
reported in group T2. In groups T3 and T4 an increase in organic matter (%) is reported. Crude ash (%) was higher in all treatments when compared to T2. In
groups T2 and T3 high in crude protein (%) is reported. Hepatic Index, Intestine Length-Weight values in group T2.

Table 1. Dietary ingredients and chemical composition of experimental diets calculated according to NRC (2011) [13]
Introduction EE (%) – ether extract; NFE (%) – nitrogen-free extract

Ingredients Experimental diets

Commercially important fish are grown in captivity under T1 T2 T4

regulated conditions to suit the demand for white flesh destined Soybean meal (%) 35 35 35
for human consumption. The weight of individual fish was
increased in industrial fish farming to optimize productivity [1]. Yellow corn (%) 13 13 13
The use of artificial feed in aquaculture lead to the increase of fish Barley (%) 15 15 15
growth by allowing them to reach their maximal weight in a
standardized period [2]. Wheat (%) 20 20 20
To boost
feed conversion efficiency and hence fis Fish meal (%) 15 15 15
development, new products are added to fish feed. Many studies
have shown that including herbs in a fish's diet promote growth Vitamin + mineral mix. (%) 2 2 2
and disease-free fish [3].
Much research has been conducted to determine the efficacy of Inulin (g/kg) --- 50 ---
herbal supplementation in fish feed to produce healthy fish.
Natural plant products can be added to fish feed to promote
Germinated wheat (g/kg) --- --- 50
growth, health, and their productivity. The goal of this research
was to evaluate the effect of feed containing various amount of
Crude protein (%) 28.46 28 28.49
germinated wheat as a natural source of prebiotic, on growth
performance, and flesh proximate composition in common carp EE (%) 5.78 5.10 4.57
(Cyprinus carpio L.).
Dry matter (%) 91.77 91.08 91.10

Crude fiber (%) 3.74 3.77 3.89

Materials and Methods
NFE (%) 45.99 46.24 44.24
This experiment was conducted at the Fish
Laboratory, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences
Ash (%) 8.27 8.19 8.04
University of Duhok. 120 common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
individuals were used. Energy (kcal.kg) 3070.77 3011.87 2916.70
Individuals with average body weight between
25 and 35 g were used. The wheat germination period under
controlled conditions was three weeks. Experimental Design. A totally randomized design organized in four groups and
three replicates was organized. Each group, containing 10 individuals, receives
different treatments, as follows: negative control (T1), no supplements, positive
Conclusions control (T2), 50g/kg pure inulin, (T3) 25 gm/kg germinated wheat, (T4) 50 gm/kg
germinated wheat.
According to the results of the precent study the using of
germinated wheat had significant difference in most of the studied
traits. The adding of 25 gm/kg germinated wheat was higher
significantly in each of Feed Conversion Ratio, Crude protein,
RBC, lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, Cholesterol,
Albumin, Globulin and albumin/ globulin ratio. The adding of 50
gm/kg germinated wheat to fish diet increased each of the
following significantly such as WBC counts, MCHC, PLT, PCV,
Triglyceride and glucose.

Results and Discussions

For majority of studied growth traits, best results are recorded
in group 2 (positive control), who received inulin supplements
as a source of prebiotic. Their means are significantly higher
compared to those corresponding to the others experimental
groups.
Exception is noted only regarding specific growth rate, where
no significant differences are reported between the means
corresponding to experimental groups (Table 2).
References
1. Schuchardt D., J.M. Vergara, H.F. Palaciso, C.T. Kalinowski, C.M. Cruz, M.S. Izquierdo, L. Robaina, 2008,
Effects of different dietary protein and lipid levels on growth, feed utilization and body composition of red
porgy (Pagrus pagrus) fingerlings. Aqua Nutr 14(1), 1-9
2-Bhosale S.V., M.P. Bhilave, S.B. Nadaf, 2010, Formulation of Fish Feed using Ingredients from Plant Sources.
Res J Agric Sci 1(3), 284-287.
3-Fernández-Navarro, M.J. Peragon, F. Esteban, M. Higuera, J.A. Lupianez, 2006, Maslinic acid as a feed
additive to stimulate growth and hepatic protein- turnover rates in rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss),
Comp. Biochem., Physiol.Toxicol.Pharmacol., 144, 130, 140, https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.cbpc.2006. 07.006.

Prepared by:
Warjin Mohammad
Hinar Mahdi
Bafren Qasm