Topic » Pictorial 3 Presentation EL cme eed Ley By the end of this topic, you should be able to: 1. Construct bar charts, multiple bar charts, and pie charts; 2. ‘Prepare histograms; and 3. Construct frequency polygons and cumulative frequency polygons. Table 3.1; Frequency Distribution of Students by Ethnicity in School J pata ee eect] Malay Chinese Indian Others Total a & bette g 245 182 84 39 300 250 245 00 182 50 39 Malay Chinese Indian Others> relate freq (% ) ‘itera kepada peratus ( % ), Misolnya : 80 Se Sat, 100% = 38% ”Table 3.3: Relative Frequency (%) Number of Students Ethnic Background be) SPM (%) Malay 38 49 Chinese 32 M4 Indian 20 12 Others 10 5 = 60 x = > 50 = 2 S$ 40f 38 2 32 34 £30 PMR ° 20 SPM > 20 = 12 49 3 10 5 : | | 0 Malay Chinese Indian Others Figure 3.3: Multiple bar chart for percentage of students per ethnic group taking PMR and SPM> belch menggunakan frequency atau relative frequency C Table 3.4: Number of Students Taking Both Examinations by Ethnic Group Number of Students sete aera y err Bats 245 45 Malay «100 45 — x 360 = 160° 550 100 Chinese 182 33 uy Indian 84 15 55: Others 59. 7 26 Total 550, 100 360 39 84 Malay Chinese Indian 245 Others 182 Figure 3.4(a): Using frequency to develop the pie chart Gy Matay Chinese Indian Others Figure 3.4(b): Using relative frequency (%) to develop the pie chartHistogram | — Bar chart bercantum oe Pas Y > frequency © pats x > class (he bea Log menggunatan rer ay &§ [eo] ; Table 3.5: The Lower and Upper Class Boundaries on Weekly Book Sales Peace ey eae ey 535 5 54-63 635 12 64-73 735 18 74-83 73.5 83.5 10 34-93 835 985 2 5 94-103 93.5 103.5 2 20 18 16 > 14 £12 5 5" 3.5 Ee, 335 10 8 6 | 2 ° Figure 3.5: Histogram of frequency distribution table for weekly book sales 34-43 44-53 54-63 64-73 74-83 84-93 94-103 ClassFreqency Polygo © pats-y > Frequency © paksi-x > mid-point 23-33 28.5 ° — TAMBAH Table 3.6: Frequency Distribution Table on Weekly Book Sales Class Mid-point (x) Frequency (/) 38.5 2 48.5 5 54-63 12 64-73 18 74-83 10 84-93 2 ® 94-103, 98.5 2 (ou - 113 lee. 5 ° > Tawsay 20 18 16 14 § 12 * 2 10 & : d aR : i 0 285 365 485 585 685 785 885 985 1085 Mid Points Figure 3.6: Frequency polygon of weekly book sales“Cumulative Frequency Polygon © paks-¥ > cumulative frequency ° Paké-x > Upper boundary C less than or equal ) Table 3.7: The “Less-than or Equal” Cumulative Frequency Distribution on Weekly Book Sales et Cae nsce tay 335 0 v 19 37 47 49 50 : “ qa i, a i ‘ ° 335 435 535 635 735 835 935 1035 Upper boundary (books) less than or equal” cumulative frequency polygon of weekly book sales