Aa

in

ttegra to

RC Lnte.gatoA ( P i ve

RC me tnstant the integnaten must be v

RC

At at Vuual Hound
Heae nod

V; M W ule know that

N

Cd vo
Rb R dt

d Vo i
dt
C dto-u
RC dt
Const: mtial P
V dt
dvo J RIC
RC V ) d t
 V hal Vtag aues capau te C h
ine Cma ant ts R C.

mg Milu's theonum, the ecttve input Capa

wm u a an

Cey- Cp 1-A)
open oop aa

qoun Or n Inte gsa tot Te quen nspmse

Vt) =

R C
Vi dt
hap la u
.S
5-J
Rt
Vi )
d
aw)
RC

A-ojw) (Gain
vi jw) jw RC
u
A= V ljus)
Viljus) wRICf 2nRI C be p
u0
sq Respmse So fan
be om V. laya

deuPon
qain - 2 0 4
be Satauahm

Ckt be
-

lo 1)

te
 houi'c)

Normal ntegna tor Fnq Respmse)

w RiCe

gaun
db)
nRCpF
n R CE

TR CE

rea 7pmse A| ds a Shaught uith alope -20 dß (detade

oa a Omal entega tosA whaneuu

Gain
wRCF

ac tfcal mtegiato

By
shutun
Shurtng the
the tudback Capau tog C th Resus to R

NN RF whun
nto aukn and
is y ouw, RE
qa is dnite
lame

v Mw

v,
latipb
-Vo0 C dv
R dt
RF
R R
¢S

dt R

ts) Vols) C S Vol3) - D R CpR

R R R
A Vojw
R 1juCpRe
Vits)Vols) Vi l
RI
RE
Vs) - No s) +(¢S
R RE Vi R(t CRrS)/.
 A -Re/R
4jw Cf Re
Re R
1A voLw)
wReCc* V

bit
->Uexy la9 gaio
Cdb NoT oal Intraoa
ONR C = 20 logr/e
Bs1 Pattieal
a wt eqnati
C KE
ods

DiPFercn ta tor athn as inty

V0102
- Po

C W i
C dv Vo
dt RF
o -G Re dV
dt

\lots=- C,Rp S Vrts)

Vots) As F ain
A viLs) - R S
thu Chanu
Vils) ffsv lasg
A
ain instabiL ty
jwR
Vi w) 2 p eact anu Xc at high

Yp tnpedanu i ll duop deoun

wR
REGw .
Practtal Dijuuntates

M f 20 og (TE a)
C

H o
log (to 2tREa)

dTL at whch

1A= 2nf REC qaro

C d s )

2ta Re 9

RP ioeg
SCF

SRC
(s-
C1+SREG14SRIC
5C
Put R Re C nal ai

SR rathal.d

C1R
anglan ju
- Re CS
at whih al -I
Vi ReC
2Tfa=
Prattical d Re
treq Rspuns
2TRG

-2 de
t
 to Cuient Conv er ter
Voltage
ne the load cuent in
PropoA ttunal to Vin

Vid-Mn-V2
iN CurTenb tvrough R is i
a iRi
lo Nin
R Vid &Ob
V =V2
in doesn dupend on RRL
Vin o R
Codt Dcel Cursent l o mA
Buppose
Vun 10V
then
Ri

load atoatimg bme

Hae

APpli cativns
AED Tesn

ED th load nstead RL
RL
se

Stn A

R
, Diode tsting
Y
w
R
W

R
ww

ad tompucted to g u n d

V
Vw- 2V-4 i
R R
RL

Currentto otaae Cmverte Re

M

VIN W

VIN
K

Cument
s a dn P
Vott age

Meaua ing ht Itens

Photo deortect
A PAactieal Rectiytu

AA hecsin Ree tnjus -halE waue

RF
W

A
(o k s

D-ON
PaOFF
V

-OFF
D- ON
Paeaissim Rrcttgis-Full oave

R R
W*
w-
. D
R
4

Vi +ve ycle Vi L yee

D, ON Chouuk)
D-O PF topen
,-0F topen)
 M

W- R
V W

- M.
R
R
wwt w

Vulmat 4roond feut R

R R
M
M
R
M-

2R R

V B
2 2
- 2 V
3

t)-v
- ( ) >--
hoa ampisuus

voltae upopotitmal to th authn put

CuLnt lahmship a PA dunctiom

Nottaae
chon
& 3 [ VE
KT - N Jang tum
dusds

H gmo cun dud ansuton attating a t Pcodbak

Ve

e KT

2Ve

Ve
1
Vo =-Ve Seta
C u m u n t

Vo K T

Rs
KT
 ap uth tenpuatuut Connpensaton

Q2
L
R Vo
R

Pc

-kT In
Poplice bi
Analog Ctmputing .
- KT In V

KT In Vi

Antiloq Aroplcta
eletlamic
n anti togauthnis amplyuu anti- log4 anplytu an

CUeuit thot produt cn p. u to th anti-loganithn

applue ip Atpng keL t/p slde

vout Vin V
nbd a appi keL
PP

ouX b Vout
R
 Ic duods UU
but -1e RF
- e

Vdt R e 2Vin/KT Vin = Ves

u to 1kT

to

n Vo C
IsR
I V4
sRI
- V& BE

-KT Ve
RaRTe
IsR
VA Ve- 2aBE VRTe *T V
LSRI
 V, Rre KT N t
RRne IsR
V Rgc
R2Rrc
-Va
DsR IsR
Ric
R Tc

-2 V
KT

Vo
KT R +RTc Ns
Const

-k i = log Vo
+0

Compasato
VMid Ap
(-v, A
Vsat
V +Vs at
Usat

Non -Ihv urknq Comp al ato

Pro tehve
Dr'odes.
N Vo MaY min

*Vsat
sat
RL

R
10k
 Vin

ov
IN

A VinVd

Imvetimg Con paator CiRcuit

hoteLtion Diodes

- Vout

-Vee

VioVr

V
V

nverg

Dieds Act .
Carapng dod
Pnoetiuu diod
 fing

w+ in
vet

AlG

uessinq detertor
e
caave

fo dquae
ne

MW
+e

Vout
A
RL
KO

Draw batkKs
4luttunes
Nsat -Vgur
t lp
Berau the 6
uul othu m ay nol kappe
Sa tus attm
su Sitthung

nput warefun.

md
A
Can n'seuqte.
emi'nat

SehwiTaiggi .
the u 7 POgrtH ve
(on be mutt ga ted uttth
Above fuwe ISs
q enmatu aelbadk COrnp aalo
Vbeut
wrth te FB lm ha)
mvAt mn Cov
Th Ckt CUmvet an megulas haped wuuJom
R
2
P Veltage Vtio nagzu
S1gnal CRDsse tue cuppea tLs hotld loue
Tntho-el veltaus
Hu t Votag m-Ivetnq e
ppe pe tstsholed e ltas
R R
hen p u at -/saf

-Usat lowu
R +R
Nsa
Vn

Nut

m-

/p Veltag pela
pekau
Heclbauk 3tGnal depends tm ha

atuoss Called
at +Usa e vottage
Buppens /P
04 ppes holel ueltage

Vat R+Vsat )
&tRa
Qudss
Qaöst R2
K2 u allee
alleel a

at -sat h uott
lpwu tumy holel

sat 14 V. R tR
UTV
T R R = 4k.

Act R
R 7R2

R
 AM-

Vtt

of1/ut
Hystuesi
lidth Baod Vat Ve
eu uül! not Ha VatVt

Vat Vit HO
9 phast shife=

RaWsat - Ra Vsat
R 7 Ka
RRa
2 RaNsat
R Ra

Yo ltage
lkag ransfer haractenshcs YP Vs p- CVTc)
No
Hene Vat Vet
Vat islalghn.
tVgat

VAt Vut Nud dt R

Vsat
MK

Vue at-Re
RiR
S a + -Vsat Re

R" +Ra
 (BAvana

NonInvutimg Sthmiges

Her P-non-invatmy tewro una

- he s ronsidu that U »

+.
4 negatuve voltage at v w
-ne .hextotu
Lw dachn Saitehes The % m
Ra sat to -sat
4at
when p sat, a
at V wutb hoisu 0
o ltoge
ve dncim Su ittha
the
the lp kom - S a t to + Ya

Vsat
R Ra
- Vsat Ra
R
+ O -sat

s a t Re