Structure 2; Nouns 2

Noncount nouns 정리는?

Unlike countable nouns, uncountable nouns are substances, concepts etc. that we cannot divide

into separate elements. We cannot "count" them. For example, we cannot count "milk". We can
count "bottles of milk" or "litres of milk", but we cannot count "milk" itself. (Another name for
noncount nouns is mass nouns.)

• A mass: work, equipment, homework, money, transportation, clothing, luggage, jewellery, traf c

• A natural substance: air, ice, water, re, wood, blood, hair, gold, silver

• Food: milk, rice, coffee, bread, sugar, meat, water

• An abstract concept: advice, happiness, health, education, research, information, time

• A game: soccer, tennis, basketball, hockey, football, chess, checkers

• A disease: diabetes, measles, polio, in uenza, malaria, hypothyroidism, arthritis

• A subject of study: economics, physics, astronomy, biology, history, statistics

• A language: Arabic, Chinese, Spanish, English

• An activity (in the "-ing" form): swimming, dancing, reading, smoking, drinking, studying

[Quiz 2.1]

Complete each sentence with one countable noun and one uncountable noun from the list. Each
noun must be used once:

battery bottle dollars electricity furniture luggage

money music songs suitcase tables wine

1. The only _______________ in the apartment is a couple of old _______________.

2. If you'd like to drink some _______________, we should order a _______________.

3. Is there a dark blue _______________ with that _______________ over there?

4. Ten thousand American _______________ is quite a lot of _______________, isn't it?

5. If the _______________ doesn't work, use a _______________ instead.

6. I love playing _______________, and I've even written three or four _______________.

[Quiz 2.2]

Circle the noncount nouns!

air, apple, book, butter, dollar, money, name, news, shoe, table, tennis, water  

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Possessive Nouns

Possessive nouns are used to indicate ownership.

Possessive nouns usually are formed by adding an apostrophe (') and s.

• John's book

• Kerry's car

• Grandma's mirror

When a noun is plural and ends in s, just add an apostrophe (').

• The kids' toys

• My parents' house

• The teachers' lounge

If two people own one thing, add the apostrophe and s to the second person only.

• John and Mary's new house

• David and Sue's wedding

• Tom and Doug's car

If two people own separate things, add the apostrophe and s for each person.

• Susan's and Beth's books

• Jean's and Dan's pants

• Ben's and Jim's o ces

[Quiz 2.3]

1. Sarah is _____________ aunt. (Emily)

2. Let's meet at _____________ for lunch. (Giovanni)

3. Where is the _____________ shower? (ladies)

4. This is our _____________ car. (boss)

5. Did you read _____________ newspaper? (yesterday)

6. _____________ and _____________ bags are black. (Jack – Joe)

7. Our grandparents live in an old _____________ home. (people)

8. That sandwich would not be to _____________ taste. (everyone)

Pronouns

A pronoun takes the place of a noun.

Example story:

Mary is one of the heads of the ToJi Corporation. Mary works with Mr. James and Mr. James'
son Tom. Mr. James and Mr. James' son Tom are experts in biochemistry. Mary, Mr. James,
and Tom researched and invented a drug for cancer treatment.

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If the story above is written using pronouns:

Mary is one of the heads of the ToJi Corporation. She works with Mr. James and his son
Tom. He and his son Tom are experts in biochemistry. They researched and invented a drug for
cancer treatment.

Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns refer to a person:

• I go to school.

• You are a student.

• They are Koreans.

• He works here.

• We gave her food.

The word ‘it' refers to an object:

• I drank it.

• It is big.

• They cut it into halves.

Memorize the personal pronouns:

[Quiz 2.4]

Write the correct pronoun in each blank.

1. I ate an apple. _____________ was delicious.

2. You look tired. _____________ should rest.

3. She is a teacher. I gave _____________ a book.

4. They are my friends. I like _____________ very much.

5. He saw the movie. _____________ was fun.

Speaking Topic: Time.

• How much free time do you usually have?

• How important is time to you?

• If you had more free time, what would you do?

• “Time is money.” Do you agree or disagree?

• Why?

• How do you feel about time that is wasted?

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Notes or questions here!