٣

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻊ‪ :‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻧـــــﺪﻯ ﺭﺣــــﻴﻢ ﺣـﺴــﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻊ‪ :‬ﻡ‪.‬ﻡ‪ .‬ﺃﺣـﻤـﺪ ﺗـﺤﺴــﻴﻦ ﻋـــــﻠﻲ‬

‫ﺗــــﺼــﻤﻴــﻢ ﺍﻟــﻜﺘـــــــﺎﺏ‪ :‬ﻡ‪.‬ﻡ‪ .‬ﺃﺣـﻤـﺪ ﺗـﺤﺴــــﻴﻦ ﻋـــــﻠﻲ‬

‫استﻨاداً الﻰ الﻘانون يوﺯﻉ مجانا ً ﻭيمﻨﻊ بيعﻪ ﻭتداﻭلﻪ في اﻻسواﻕ‬

 ‫اﳌُﻘ ﱢَﺪ َﻣ ُﺔ‬
‫الع َر ِب ﱠي ُة لِلﺻﱠﻑﱢ اﻷوﱠ ِﻝ ال ُم َت َوﺳﱢطِ ( و ْﻓ ًﻘا ل ِْل َم ْن َه ِج ال ﱠت َﻛا ُملِﻲﱢ‬ ‫ﺏ )اللﱡ َﻐ ُة َ‬ ‫ْف ِﻛ َتا ِ‬ ‫ان تَأْلِي ُ‬ ‫َك َ‬
‫اق‪َ ،‬و َﻗ ْد َﻻ َﻗﻰ‬ ‫الع َر ِب ﱠي ِة ﻓِﻲ ْالع َِر ِ‬ ‫ﺙ َم ْن َه ِج اللﱡ َﻐ ِة َ‬ ‫َﻋام ‪ 20١٦‬ا ْنطِ َﻼ َﻗ ًة َجا ﱠد ًة لِ َتﺣْ ِد ْي ِ‬
‫الط َل َب ِة َوﺃ ُ ْﺧ َوا ِن َنا ْال َميْدَ ا ِن ﱢيي َْﻥ )م ُْدرﱢ ﺳِ ي َْﻥ َو ُم ْﺷ ِر ِﻓي َْﻥ(؛ ﺇِ ْﺫ ُبن َِﻲ‬ ‫َترْ ِﺣ ْيبًا َﻛ ِبيْرً ا ِمﻥْ ﺃَﻋِ ﱠزا ِﺋ َنا ﱠ‬
‫ار ِة ال ﱠترْ ِب َيةِ‪َ ،‬و ْال َم ْن َه َج‬ ‫اﻋﻰ ْال َﻔ ْل َﺳ َﻔ َة ال ﱠترْ َب ِو ﱠي َة ل َِو َز َ‬ ‫و ْﻓ ًﻘا ل ِْﻸَهْ دَ اﻑِ ال ﱠترْ َب ِو ﱠي ِة ْال َﺣدِي َثةِ‪َ ،‬و َر َ‬
‫ْﺙ ﻓِﻲ َتعْ لِي ِْم اللﱡ َﻐاﺕِ‪.‬‬ ‫ْالع ِْلمِﻲﱠ ْال َﺣ ِدي َ‬
‫ﺕ ِﻓ ْي ِﻪ ِﻓ ْﻘ َرةٌ َج ِديْدَ ةٌ‬ ‫الثانﻲ ال ُم َت َوﺳﱢطِ ( الﱠﺫِﻱ ِزيْدَ ْ‬ ‫الع َر ِب ﱠي ُة لِلﺻﱠﻑﱢ ﱠ‬ ‫ُث ﱠم َت َﻼﻩُ ِﻛ َتاﺏُ )اللﱡ َﻐ ُة َ‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫ِﺏ َﻋ َلﻰ ﺇﻋْ َرا ِ‬ ‫الطال َ‬ ‫)ﺣلّ ْﻝ وﺃﻋْ رﺏْ (‪َ ،‬و َت ْﻛمُﻥُ ﺃَ َه ﱢم ﱠي ُت َها ﻓِﻲ ﺃَ ﱠن َها ُت َﺳاﻋِ ُد ﱠ‬ ‫ِﻲ َ‬ ‫م ُِهم ٌﱠة‪ ،‬ه َ‬
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‫ْﺱ‬ ‫ْﻥ ﻓِﻲ َت ْد ِري ِ‬ ‫ْﺳ ِة َبدَ ًﻻ ِمﻥْ اﻋْ ِت َما ِد ْال ِﺣ ْﻔﻅِ َوال ﱠت ْل ِﻘي ِ‬ ‫ْال ُج َم ِﻝ َبعْ دَ َتﺣْ لِ ْيلِ َها ﺇ َلﻰ ُم َﻛوﱢ َنا ِت َها الرﱠ ِﺋي َ‬
‫ﺏ ِب ْال َع ْودَ ِة ﺇ َلﻰ َج ْﺫ ِر ْال َﻛلِ َمةِ؛ ﺇِ ْﺫ ُي ْﻔ َت َرﺽُ‬ ‫الطالِ ِ‬ ‫ﺏ مُعْ َج ُم ﱠ‬ ‫ار ِة ْاﻹﻋْ َراﺏِ‪َ .‬وﻓِي ِﻪ ﺃَ ْيﺿًا ُر ﱢت َ‬ ‫َم َه َ‬
‫اﻥ الﺻﱠرْ ﻓِﻲﱠ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺱ ْال ِمي َْز َ‬ ‫الطالِﺏُ َﻗا ِدرً ا َﻋ َلﻰ َمعْ ِر َﻓ ِة َج ْﺫ ِر ْال َﻛلِ َم ِة َبعْ دَ ﺃَﻥْ دَ َر َ‬ ‫ﺃَﻥْ َي ُﻛ ْو َﻥ ﱠ‬
‫ِﻙ‬ ‫ﺙ ال ُم َت َوﺳﱢطِ (‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ ْد َجا َء ﺇِ ْﻛ َم ًاﻻ ل َِﺫ ْين َ‬ ‫الثالِ ِ‬ ‫الع َر ِب ﱠي ُة لِلﺻﱠﻑﱢ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺃَمﱠا ِﻛ َتا ُب َنا َه َﺫا )اللﱡ َﻐ ُة َ‬
‫ْﻥ َم ْن َه ٌج َوا ِﺣ ٌد؛ ﺇﺫ ُبن َِﻲ ْال ِﻛ َتاﺏُ َﻋ َلﻰ ن َِﻅ ِام‬ ‫ْﻥ‪َ ،‬وا ﱡت ِب َﻊ ﻓِﻲ الج ُْزﺃَي ِ‬ ‫اﻥ ﻓِﻲ ج ُْزﺃَي ِ‬ ‫ْﻥ َﻓ َﻛ َ‬ ‫ْال ِﻛ َت ِابي ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﺃيﺿًا‪ ،‬لِ ُﻛ ﱢﻝ َوﺣْ دَ ٍة ُﻋ ْن َواﻥٌ ُي َم ﱢث ُﻝ َم ْوﺿ ُْوﻋًا ِمﺣْ َو ِر ًّيا َت ُد ْو ُر َﺣ ْو َل ُﻪ ْال َوﺣْ دَ ةُ‬ ‫ْال َوﺣْ دَ ا ِ‬
‫ﺕ َم ْوﺿ ُْو َﻋا ُت َها َبي َْﻥ ْال َو َطنِﻲﱢ‬ ‫ﺳﺕ َﻋ ْﺷ َر َة َوﺣْ دَ ًة د َِراﺳِ ي ًﱠة‪َ ،‬ت َنوﱠ َﻋ ْ‬ ‫ﺿم َﱠﻥ ْال ِﻛ َتاﺏُ ﱠ‬ ‫ُﻛلﱡ َها‪َ ،‬و َت َ‬
‫ﺏ َﻋمﱠا‬ ‫ﺕ ْال َوﺣْ دَ ةُ ال ﱢد َراﺳِ ﱠي ُة ﻓِﻲ َه َﺫا ْال ِﻛ َتا ِ‬ ‫اﺧ َت َل َﻔ ِ‬ ‫الث َﻘاﻓِﻲﱢ ‪َ ،‬و َﻗ ِد ْ‬ ‫َواﻻجْ ِتمَاﻋِ ﻲﱢ َو ْاﻹ ْن َﺳانِﻲﱢ َو ﱠ‬
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‫الع َر ِب ﱠيةِ‪،‬‬ ‫ُطا َل َع ُة‪َ ،‬و َﻗ َواﻋِ ُد اللﱡ َﻐ ِة َ‬ ‫ﺕ ُدر ُْو ُﺳ َها وُ ْﻓ ًﻘا ل ِْﻶتِﻲ‪ْ :‬الم َ‬ ‫ْﻥ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻛا َن ْ‬‫ﱠاب َﻘي ِ‬‫ْﻥ الﺳ ِ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ ْال ِﻛ َتا َبي ِ‬
‫َواﻹمْ ﻼَءُ‪َ ،‬وال ﱠتعْ ِبيرُ‪َ ،‬و ْاﻷَدَ ﺏُ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ِﻓ ْﻛ َر ُت ُﻪ‬ ‫ُطا َل َعةِ‪ ،‬الﱠﺫِﻱ اُﺳْ ُت ِﻘ َي ْ‬ ‫ﺱ ْالم َ‬ ‫َوﻓِﻲ ُﻛ ﱢﻝ َوﺣْ دَ ٍة ُتﺳْ َت َﻘﻰ ﺃ ْﻓ ُر ُﻉ اللﱡ َﻐ ِة ِمﻥْ َم ْوﺿ ُْو ِﻉ دَ رْ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ْال َمعْ ه ُْودَ ِة َن ْﻔﺳِ َها‪َ ،‬و َﻗ ْد َﻋ َم ْد َنا ﺇ َلﻰ‬ ‫ﺃَﺻْ ًﻼ ِمﻥْ َم ْوﺿ ُْو ِﻉ ْاﻷَدَ ﺏِ‪َ ،‬وه َُو َي ْﺷ َت ِم ُﻝ َﻋ َلﻰ ْال ِﻔ ْﻘ َرا ِ‬
‫اﻥ ﱠ‬
‫الط َل َب ِة‬ ‫اﻥ لِ َته ِْي َﺋ ِة ْﺃﺫ َه ِ‬ ‫ﺕ َب َﻼﻏِ ي ًﱠة َﻗ ْد َر ْاﻹ ْم َﻛ ِ‬ ‫ارا ٍ‬ ‫ﺿم َﱠﻥ ِﻓ ْﻘ َرةُ )ﻓِﻲ ﺃَ ْث َنا ِء ال ﱠنﺹﱢ ( ُه َنا ﺇِ َﺷ َ‬ ‫ﺃَﻥْ َت َت َ‬
‫الع َر ِب ﱠي ِة الﱠﺫِﻱ َﺳ َي َت َعرﱠ ﻑُ ﺇِ َليْﻪ ﻓِﻲ ْال َمرْ َﺣ َل ِة اﻹﻋْ دَ ا ِد ﱠيةِ‪.‬‬ ‫ُﻉ اللﱡ َﻐ ِة َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫لِ َهﺫا ال َﻔرْ ِﻉ الم ُِه ﱢم ِمﻥْ ﺃ ْﻓر ِ‬
‫الع َر ِب ﱠيةِ‪،‬‬ ‫اﺕ َﻗ َواﻋِ ِد اللﱡ َﻐ ِة َ‬ ‫ُطا َل َع ِة َم ْوﺿ ُْو َﻋ ُ‬ ‫ﺿ ْو ِء َنﺹﱢ ْالم َ‬ ‫ﺕ ﻓﻲ َ‬ ‫ﺷ ِر َﺣ ْ‬ ‫و َﻗ ْد ُ‬
‫اﺕ اﻹِمْﻼ ِء‪َ ،‬ودَ رْ ﺱُ ال ﱠتعْ ِب ِ‬
‫ير‪.‬‬ ‫و َم ْوﺿ ُْو َﻋ ُ‬

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‫ِلطالِﺏِ‪َ ،‬ولِ َت ُﻛ ْو َﻥ‬ ‫ﺏ ْال َمرْ َﺣ َل َة ْال ُعم ِْر ﱠي َة ل ّ‬ ‫ﺕ َم ْوﺿ ُْو َﻋا ُت ُﻪ ِب ِع َنا َي ٍة لِ ُت َناﺳِ َ‬ ‫ﺃمﱠا ْاﻷدَ ﺏُ َﻓ َﻘ ِد ا ُ ْﺧ ِتي َْر ْ‬
‫ﺻا ِﺋ ِد ﺃَﺳْ َهلُ َها َل ْﻔ ًﻅا َوﺃَ ْي ُﺳ ُر َها َﻓ ْهمًا‪،‬‬ ‫ﺕ م َِﻥ ْال َﻘ َ‬ ‫اﺧ ِتي َْر ْ‬ ‫ﺏ َوﻓُ ُن ْو ِنﻪِ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ْ‬‫ِبدَ ا َي ًة م َُﺣ ﱠب َب ًة لِ َت َعرﱡ ِﻓ ِﻪ ﺇِ َلﻰ ْاﻷَدَ ِ‬
‫ِﺿابًا َﻏي َْر ُم ِﺧ ﱟﻝ َت ْﺧ ِﻔ ْي ًﻔا َﻋﻥْ َﻛاه ِِﻝ ﺃَ ْب َنا ِﺋ َنا ﱠ‬
‫الط َل َبةِ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ ا ْﻗت َ‬ ‫ْﺙ َﻋﻥْ ﻓُ ُن ْو ِﻥ ْاﻷَدَ ِ‬ ‫ﺏ ْال َﺣ ِدي ُ‬ ‫َوا ْﻗ ُتﺿِ َ‬
‫ﺏ ه َِجا ِﺋ ًّيا َﻓﺿْ ًﻼ َﻋ ِﻥ اﻋْ ِت َما ِد ْال َع ْودَ ِة ﺇ َلﻰ‬ ‫ﺏ الﱠﺫِﻱ ُر ﱢت َ‬ ‫ُﺧ ِت َم ُﻛ ﱡﻝ ج ُْز ٍء ِبمُعْ َجم ﱠ‬
‫الطالِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﱠ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬
‫ال َجﺫ ِر‪َ ،‬و ُي ْﻔ َت َرﺽُ ﺃﻥْ َي ُﻛ ْو َﻥ الطالِﺏُ ﻓِﻲ ِن َها َي ِة َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ال َمرْ َﺣ َل ِة َﻗ ْد َت َعل َم ط ِر ْي َﻘ َة اﺳْ ت ِْﺧ ِ‬
‫راﺝ‬
‫ْﺳطِ ﺻ َُو ِر َها‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ م َِﻥ ْالمُعْ َج ِم ْاﻷَلِ ْﻔ َباﺋِﻲﱢ ﻓِﻲ ﺃَب َ‬ ‫ْال َﻛلِ َما ِ‬
‫ﱢطةِ( ﻓِﻲ ِن َها َي ِة‬ ‫اﺣْ َت َوﻯ ْال ِﻛ َتاﺏُ ﺃَ ْيﺿًا َﻋ َلﻰ )مُعْ َجم َت ْﻘ ِوي ِْم اللﱢ َﺳ ِ‬
‫اﻥ ل ِْل َمرْ َﺣ َل ِة ْال ُم َت َوﺳ َ‬
‫الطالِﺏُ َﻋ َلﻰ َت َواﺻ ٍُﻝ َم َﻊ ْاﻷ ْل َﻔاﻅِ الﱠتِﻲ‬ ‫الثانِﻲ م َِﻥ ْال ِﻛ َتاﺏِ‪َ ،‬و ْال َﻐا َي ُة ِم ْن ُﻪ ﺃَﻥْ َي ْب َﻘﻰ ﱠ‬ ‫ْالج ُْز ِء ﱠ‬
‫اﻥ ﻓِﻲ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال َمرْ َﺣ َلةِ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﻓِﻲ ِﻓ ْﻘ َر ِة َت ْﻘ ِوي ِْم اللﱢ َﺳ ِ‬ ‫ﺿ ْ‬ ‫ﻋ ُِر َ‬
‫ﺏ بﺄَﻥْ َي ْﻐ ِرﺳُوا ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫يﺱ َه َﺫا ال ِﻛ َتا ِ‬ ‫ِيﻥ َﻋ َلﻰ َت ْد ِر ِ‬ ‫َوﻻَ َيﻔُو ُت َنا ُه َنا ﺃَﻥْ ُن َﺫ ﱢﻛ َر اﻷ ُ ْﺧ َو َة ال َﻘا ِﺋم َ‬
‫الجدِيدِ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺱ َ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ‪َ ،‬وﺃَﻥْ ي َُعوﱢ ُدوهُم ﻗ َِرا َء َة ال ﱠدرْ ِ‬ ‫الع َر ِب ﱠيةِ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ِه َﻲ لُ َﻐ ُة الﻘُرْ ِ‬ ‫الط َل َب ِة ﺣُﺏﱠ اللﱡ َﻐ ِة َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﺱ ﺇِﻋْ دَ ا ًدا َج ﱢي ًدا‪َ ،‬وﺃَﻥْ‬ ‫واﻻطﻼَ َﻉ َﻋ َل ْي ِﻪ َﻗ ْب َﻝ َﺷرْ ِﺣﻪِ‪ ،‬وﻋليهم ﺃيﺿا ً ﺃَﻥْ ُي ِع ﱡدوا لِل ﱠدرْ ِ‬ ‫ﱢ‬
‫ﺱ ِب َما ُي َناﺳِ ُبﻪُ‪َ ،‬وﺃَﻥْ َيعْ َت ِم ُدوا ﻓِﻲ ُدرُوﺳِ ِهم َﻋ َلﻰ َط َل َبت ِِهم ﻓِﻲ ال ُم َنا َﻗ َﺷ ِة‬ ‫ُي َﻘ ﱢدمُوا لِ ُﻛ ﱢﻝ دَ رْ ٍ‬
‫ﺏ َو َي ْن َت ِهﻲ ِبﻪِ‪َ ،‬وﺃَ ﱠﻻ َي ْن َت ِﻘلُوا ﻋِ ْندَ‬ ‫الطالِ ِ‬ ‫َوالﺣ َِوار؛ َﻓال ﱠدرْ ﺱُ ال ﱠنا ِج ُﺢ َه َو ال ﱠدرْ ﺱُ الﱠﺫِﻱ َيبْدَ ﺃ ُ ِب ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺏ َل َها‪َ ،‬والﺳ ِﱠبي ُﻝ‬ ‫ﺱ ِمﻥْ ج ُْز ِﺋ ﱠي ٍة ﺇِ َلﻰ ﺃ ُ ْﺧ َرﻯ ﺇِﻻﱠ َبعْ دَ ال ﱠتﺄ َ ﱡﻛ ِد ِمﻥْ ﺇِ ْد َراﻙِ ﱠ‬
‫الطالِ ِ‬ ‫ﺽ ال ﱠدرْ ِ‬ ‫َﻋرْ ِ‬
‫ور‪،‬‬ ‫ﻅ ٍ‬ ‫يق َما َتعْ لﱠ َمﻪ‪َ ،‬و َتﺣْ ِويلِ ِﻪ ﺇِ َلﻰ ﺳلُوﻙٍ َم ْن ُ‬ ‫ارتِﻪ َﻋ َلﻰ َت ْط ِب ِ‬ ‫اﺱ َم َه َ‬ ‫ﺇِ َلﻰ َﺫل َِﻙ َي ُﻛوﻥُ ِب ِﻘ َي ِ‬
‫ﱢﺕ‬ ‫ﺏ ُت َثب ُ‬ ‫ﺕ ُﻛلﱢ َها ﺃَمْرً ا ﻻَ ِزمًا؛ َﻓ َﻛ ْث َرةُ ال ﱠت ْد ِري ِ‬ ‫َو ِمﻥْ َث ﱠم َي ُﻛوﻥُ ْال ِﺣرْ ﺹُ َﻋ َلﻰ َﺣ ﱢﻝ ال ﱠتمْ ِري َنا ِ‬
‫ﺕ لُ َﻐ ِو ﱠيةٍ‪.‬‬ ‫ارا ٍ‬ ‫ﺕ ِﺫهْ ِن ﱠي ٍة ﺇِ َلﻰ َم َه َ‬ ‫ْال َمعْ لُو َماﺕِ‪َ ،‬و َت ْنﻘُلُ َها ِمﻥْ َمعْ لُو َما ٍ‬
‫ِيق ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫يﺱ ال ﱠت ْوﻓ َ‬ ‫ِيﻥ َﻋ َلﻰ ال ﱠت ْد ِر ِ‬ ‫يﻥ لِل َﻘا ِﺋم َ‬ ‫وﻥ َﻗ ْد وُ ﱢﻓ ْﻘ َنا ﻓِي َما َﻗ ﱠدمْ ُناﻩُ‪َ ،‬و َرا ِج َ‬ ‫ِيﻥ ﺃَﻥْ َن ُﻛ َ‬ ‫ﺁ ِمل َ‬
‫ُﻼﺣ َﻅات ِِه ْم َﻋﻥْ‬ ‫ِيق ْاﻷَهْ دَ اﻑِ ْال َمرْ جُوﱠ ِة ِمﻥْ َتﺄلِيﻑِ َه َﺫا ْال ِﻛ َتاﺏِ‪َ ،‬وم َُوا َﻓا ِت َنا ِبم َ‬ ‫َﻋ َمل ِِه ْم لِ َتﺣْ ﻘ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َط ِر ِ‬
‫ﻙ ﻓِﻲ ِب َنا ِء‬ ‫ير َﻋ َملِ َنا ِب َما يﺷار ُ‬ ‫يق ال ﱠت ْﻐ ِﺫ َي ِة الرﱠ ا ِج َع ِة الﱠتِﻲ َﺳ َنﺳْ َترْ ﺷِ ُد ِب َها ﻓِﻲ َتط ِو ِ‬
‫ِيق اﻷَهْ دَ اﻑِ واﻻرْ ِت َﻘا ِء باللﱡ َﻐةِ‪َ ،‬و َجعْ لِ َها ﺳلُو ًﻛا َي ْو ِم ًّيا‬ ‫َم ْن َه ٍج ُم َت َمي ٍﱢز‪َ ،‬و َﻗاد ٍِر َﻋ َلﻰ َتﺣْ ﻘ ِ‬
‫الطالِﺏُ َﻋ َلﻰ مُﺳْ َتوﻯ ال ﱡن ْط ِق وال ِﻛ َتا َبةِ‪.‬‬ ‫ُي َمار ُﺳ ُﻪ ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺍ ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺆﻟﱢﻔُ ْﻮ َﻥ‬

‫‪٤‬‬
 ‫ْﺍﻟ َﻮ ْﺣ َﺪ ُﺓ ﺍﻟﻌ ِ‬
‫َﺎﺷ َﺮ ُﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻋ ِﺘ َﺪ ُ‬
‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ْ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﱠ ْﻤ ِﻬ ْﻴ ُﺪ‬

‫الﺣ َيا ِة‬

‫ﺏ َ‬ ‫ط َها‪ ،‬ﺃَﻱْ ﺃﻥْ َيعْ َت ِد َﻝ ْاﻹ ْن َﺳاﻥُ ﻓِﻲ َج ِمي ِْﻊ َج َوا ِن ِ‬ ‫ِﻗ ْي َﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥﱠ َﺧي َْر ْاﻷُم ُْور ﺃَ ْو َﺳ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺏ ﻓِﻲ َﺣ َيا ِة‬ ‫ﺁﺧ َر‪ِ ،‬ممﱠا ي َُولﱢ ُد ال ﱠت َوا ُز َﻥ ال َم ْطلُ ْو َ‬ ‫ﺏ ُد ْو َﻥ َ‬ ‫ِباﻻ ْبت َِعا ِد م َِﻥ ْال َمي ِْﻝ ﺇ َلﻰ َجا ِن ٍ‬
‫اط ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫ﺿﻰ الﱠتِﻲ ي َُﺳ ﱢب ُب َها ْاﻹ ْﻓ َر ُ‬ ‫اﻥ َب َج َوان ِِب َها ْالم ُْﺧ َتلِ َﻔةِ؛ ْﺇﺫ َﻻ َﺣ َيا َة َﺣ ِﻘ ْي ِﻘي ًﱠة َم َﻊ ْال َﻔ ْو َ‬
‫ْاﻹ ْن َﺳ ِ‬
‫ْط ِب َها‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃو ال ﱠت ْﻔري ُ‬ ‫ْاﻷ ْﺷ َيا ِء ِ‬
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‫ﻀ ﱠﻤﻨَﺔُ‬
‫ﺍ ْﻟ َﻤﻔَﺎ ِﻫ ْﻴ ُﻢ ﺍ ْﻟ ُﻤﺘَ َ‬

‫َم َﻔا ِه ْي ُم َترْ َب ِوي ٌﱠة‬

‫َم َﻔا ِه ْي ُم ِد ْي ِني ٌﱠة‬
‫َم َﻔا ِه ْي ُم ُﺣﻘُ ْو ِق اﻹ ْن َﺳ ِ‬
‫اﻥ‬
‫َم َﻔا ِه ْي ُم لُ َﻐ ِوي ٌﱠة‬
‫َم َﻔا ِه ْي ُم ﺃدَ ِبي ٌﱠة‬

‫َﻣﺎ ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ﱢ‬
‫ﺺ‬

‫‪َ -‬ما الﱠﺫِﻱ َت ْﻔ َه ُم ُﻪ ِمﻥْ َﻛلِ َم ِة اﻻﻋْ تِدَ ِ‬

‫اﻝ؟‬
‫اﻝ ﻓِﻲ ُﺳلُ ْوﻛ َ‬
‫ِﻙ؟‬ ‫ْﻑ َت َت َم ﱠث ُﻝ َم َﻅا ِه ُر اﻻﻋْ تِدَ ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻛي َ‬
‫اﻝ ﻓِﻲ َﺣ َياتِﻙ؟‬ ‫‪َ -‬ه ْﻝ َت َرﻯ ﺃَ َه ﱢمي ًﱠة لِﻼﻋْ ت ِْد ِ‬

‫‪٥‬‬
 ‫ﺱ ﺍﻷ ﱠﻭ ُﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ ُﻤﻄَﺎﻟَ َﻌﺔُ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪ ْﱠﺭ ُ‬

‫ِﺪ ُ‬
‫ال‬ ‫اﻻﻋﺘ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ِﺊ ْال َﻔﺿِ ْي َلةِ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺄَﻱﱡ َﻋ َم ٍﻝ َي ْد ُﺧ ْلﻪُ‪ ،‬ي َُز ﱢي ْن ُﻪ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬
‫اﻻﻋْ تِدَ ا ُﻝ َﺧيْط ِمﻥْ َﺣ ِري ٍْر َيرْ ِبط ُﻛ ﱠﻝ َﻵل ِ‬
‫او ﱠي ُة َج ِم ْي ُع َها‬ ‫َو ُي ِت ﱠمﻪُ‪َ ،‬وه َُو َم ْن ِز َل ٌة َبي َْﻥ ْاﻹ ْﻓ َراطِ َوال ﱠت ْﻔ ِر ْيطِ ‪َ .‬و َﻗ ْد دَ َﻋ ْ‬
‫ﺕ ﺇ َل ْي ِﻪ ْاﻷ ْد َياﻥُ ال ﱠﺳ َم ِ‬
‫ﺕ ْاﻹﺳْ َﻼ ِم ْال ُم َمي َﱠز ِة َو ْالم ُِه ﱠمةِ‪ ،‬الﱠتِﻲ‬ ‫ِبﺣ ُْﻛ ِم ا ْن ِت َما ِﺋ َها ﺇ َلﻰ ال ﱠﺳ َما ِء‪ ،‬ﱠﺇﻻ ﺃَ ﱠن ُﻪ ﺳِ َم ٌة ِمﻥْ ﺳِ َما ِ‬
‫اق ِب َﻘ ْولِ ِﻪ َت َعا َلﻰ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺙ َﻋ ْن ُﻪ ﻓِﻲ ْاﻹ ْن َﻔ ِ‬ ‫َﻋب َﱠر َﻋ ْن َها ْالﻘُ َرﺁﻥُ ْال َﻛ ِر ْي ُم ِب ُﺳب ٍُﻝ َﺷ ﱠتﻰ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َمرﱠ ًة َي َت َﺣ ﱠد ُ‬
‫»لِ ُي ْنﻔ ِْق ُﺫو َﺳ َع ٍة ِمﻥْ َﺳ َع ِت ِﻪ َو َمﻥْ ﻗُد َِر َﻋ َل ْي ِﻪ ِر ْزﻗُﻪُ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ْل ُي ْنﻔ ِْق ِممﱠا ﺁَ َتاﻩُ ﷲُ َﻻ ُي َﻛلﱢﻑُ ﷲُ َن ْﻔﺳًا‬
‫ِﻙ َو َﻻ‬ ‫»وﻻَ َتجْ َع ْﻝ َيدَ َﻙ َم ْﻐلُو َل ًة ﺇِ َلﻰ ُﻋ ُنﻘ َ‬ ‫)الط َﻼق‪َ ،(٦ :‬و َﻗ ْولِ ِﻪ َت َعا َلﻰ‪َ :‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺇِ ﱠﻻ َما ﺁَ َتا َها«‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ُط َها ُﻛ ﱠﻝ ْال َبﺳْ طِ َﻓ َت ْﻘعُدَ َملُومًا َمﺣْ ﺳُورً ا« ْ‬‫َت ْبﺳ ْ‬
‫)اﻹﺳْ َراء‪َ .(2۹:‬وﺃ ْﺧ َرﻯ ﻓِﻲ َم ْﻘد َِر ِة ال ﱠن ْﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫»ﻻ ُي َﻛلﱢﻑُ ﷲُ َن ْﻔﺳًا ﺇِ ﱠﻻ وُ ﺳْ َع َها«)البﻘرة‪َ ،(2۸٦:‬و َثال َث ًة ﻓِﻲ ْال َم ْﺷﻲ‬
‫َو َت ْﻛلِ ْي ِﻔ َها‪َ ،‬ﻗا َﻝ َت َعا َلﻰ‪َ :‬‬
‫اﻏﺿُﺽْ‬ ‫»وا ْﻗﺻِ ْد ﻓِﻲ َم ْﺷ ِي َﻙ َو ْ‬
‫اﻥ ِﻻ ْب ِنﻪِ‪َ :‬‬ ‫ﻼم؛ ْﺇﺫ َﻗا َﻝ ُﺳب َْﺣان ُﻪ َو َت َعا َلﻰ َﻋ َلﻰ ل َِﺳ ِ‬
‫اﻥ لُ ْﻘ َم َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َوال َﻛ ِ‬
‫ِير«)لُ ْﻘ َماﻥ‪َ .(١۹:‬و َﻏ ْي ُر َﺫل َِﻙ َﻛ ِث ْيرٌ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ ْال َﺣم ِ‬ ‫ﺻ ْو ُ‬ ‫ﺕ َل َ‬‫ِﻙ ﺇِﻥﱠ ﺃَ ْن َﻛ َر ْاﻷَﺻْ َوا ِ‬ ‫ﺻ ْوت َ‬‫ِمﻥْ َ‬
‫اﻝ‪َ ،‬وال ﱠدﻋْ َو َة ﺇ َل ْي ِﻪ ﻓِﻲ ُﻛ ﱢﻝ‬ ‫ِﺏ اﻻﻋْ تِدَ ِ‬ ‫َوﺃَ ﱠنﻰ َت َتبﱠعْ َنا َﺷ ِري َْع َة ْاﻹﺳْ َﻼ ِم‪َ ،‬ت َلمﱠﺳْ َنا َج َوان َ‬
‫اﺱ ﺃُم ُْو َر ُه ْم َو َترْ ﻓ ِْق ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠت َعام ُِﻝ َم َع ُه ْم‪َ ،‬ت ُﻛﻥْ مُعْ َتد ًِﻻ‪،‬‬ ‫َﺷﻲْ ٍء‪َ ،‬ﻓ ْﺈﺫ َما ُت َيﺳﱢرْ َﻋ َلﻰ ال ﱠن ِ‬
‫ﺏ ﻓِﻲ ْال َﻘ ْو ِﻝ‬ ‫َﻓالرﱢ ْﻓ ُق ِممﱠا دَ َﻋا ﺇ َليْﻪ ْاﻹﺳْ َﻼ ُم‪َ ،‬وه َُو ا َللﱡ ْطﻑُ ﻓِﻲ ْالم َُعا َم َلةِ‪َ ،‬ولِيْﻥُ ْال َجا ِن ِ‬
‫)ﺻلﱠﻰ ﷲُ َﻋ َل ْي ِﻪ َوﺁلِ ِﻪ َو َﺳلﱠ َم( ﺃَ ْﻛ َث َر‬ ‫ﷲ َ‬ ‫اﻥ َرﺳ ُْو ُﻝ ِ‬ ‫َو ْال ِﻔعْ ِﻝ‪َ ،‬وه َُو ﺿِ ﱡد ْال ُع ْنﻑِ ‪َ .‬و َﻗ ْد َﻛ َ‬
‫اﻅ ِة َو ْالﻐ ِْل َﻅةِ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺄ َ ﱠﻛدَ ﷲُ َت َعا َلﻰ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ‬
‫اﺱ ِر ْﻓ ًﻘا َوﺃَب َْعدَ ُه ْم م َِﻥ ال ﱠت ْﺷ ِد ْي ِد َوال ﱠتعْ ﺳِ ي ِْر َو ْال َﻔ َﻅ َ‬
‫ال ﱠن ِ‬
‫ﺏ َﻻ ْن َﻔﺿﱡوا ِمﻥْ َﺣ ْول َِﻙ« )ﺁﻝ ﻋمراﻥ‪،(١٥۹:‬‬ ‫ِيﻅ ْال َﻘ ْل ِ‬
‫ﻅا َﻏل َ‬ ‫نﺕ َﻓ ًّ‬
‫»و َل ْو ُﻛ َ‬‫الﺣ ِﻘ ْي َﻘ َة ِب َﻘ ْولِﻪِ‪َ :‬‬
‫َ‬
‫)ﺻلﱠﻰ ﷲُ َﻋ َل ْي ِﻪ‬ ‫ْﻥ ْال َجا ِنﺏِ؛ ْﺇﺫ َيﻘُ ْو ُﻝ َ‬
‫ﺏ ْال َمعْ َﺷ ِر َولِي ِ‬
‫ُﺙ َﻋ َلﻰ الرﱢ ْﻓ ِق‪َ ،‬وطِ ْي ِ‬ ‫اﻥ َيﺣ ﱡ‬ ‫َﻓ َﻘ ْد َﻛ َ‬
‫َوﺁلِ ِﻪ َو َﺳلﱠ َم(‪َ » :‬مﻥْ ﺃُﻋْ طِ َﻲ َﺣ ﱠﻅ ُﻪ م َِﻥ الرﱢ ْﻓ ِق‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ ْد ﺃُﻋْ طِ َﻲ َﺣ ﱠﻅ ُﻪ م َِﻥ ْال َﺧي ِْر‪َ ،‬و َمﻥْ ﺣ ُِر َم‬
‫َﺣ ﱠﻅ ُﻪ م َِﻥ الرﱢ ْﻓ ِق‪َ ،‬وﻗ ْي َﻝ ﺇ ﱠن ُﻪ َوﺿْ ُﻊ ْاﻷُم ُْو ِر ﻓِﻲ َم َواﺿِ ِع َها؛ ال ﱢﺷ ﱠدةُ ﻓِﻲ َم ْوﺿِ ِع َها‪َ ،‬واللِﱢيْﻥُ‬

‫‪٦‬‬
 ‫ﻓِﻲ َم ْوﺿِ ِعﻪِ‪َ .‬و َﻗ ْد َﻋب َﱠر َﻋ ْن ُﻪ ْاﻹ َما ُم َﻋ َلﻲﱞ َ‬
‫)ﻋ َل ْي ِﻪ‬
‫ﻓِﻲ ﺃ ْﺛﻨَﺎ ِء ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ﱢ‬
‫ﺺ‬
‫ﺻ َر َو َﻻ ﺻ ُْلبًا‬ ‫»ﻻ َت ُﻛﻥْ َل ﱢي ًنا َﻓ ُتعْ َ‬
‫الﺳ َﱠﻼ ُم( ِب َﻘ ْولِﻪِ‪َ :‬‬
‫ﺕ َﻗ ْو َﻝ الرﱠ ﺳ ُْو ِﻝ‬ ‫َه ْﻝ َﻻ َﺣ ْﻅ َ‬ ‫الﺧي ِْر«‪.‬‬ ‫َﻓ ُت ْﻛ َﺳ َر«‪َ .‬ﻓ َﻘ ْد ﺣ ُِر َم َﺣ ﱠﻅ ُﻪ م َِﻥ َ‬
‫)ﺻلﱠﻰ ﷲُ َﻋ َليْﻪ وﺁلِ ِﻪ َو َﺳلﱠ َم(‪َ ) :‬مﻥْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﺱ‬‫اﻝ ﻓِﻲ ْالم َُعا َم َل ِة ﺃَﻥْ َت َرﻯ ال ﱠن َ‬ ‫َوم َِﻥ اﻻﻋْ تِدَ ِ‬
‫ﺃُﻋْ طِ َﻲ َﺣ ﱠﻅ ُﻪ م َِﻥ الرﱢ ْﻓ ِق َﻓ َﻘ ْد ﺃُﻋْ طِ َﻲ‬ ‫اوي َْﻥ ﻓِﻲ ُﺣﻘُ ْوﻗ ِِه ْم ﻋِ ْندَ َﻙ َوﺇﻥْ َﻛا ُن ْوا م ُْﺧ َتلِ ِﻔي َْﻥ‬ ‫ُم َت َﺳ ِ‬
‫الﺧي ِْر‪َ ،‬و َمﻥْ ﺣ ُِر َم َﺣ ﱠﻅ ُﻪ‬ ‫َﺣ ﱠﻅ ُﻪ م َِﻥ َ‬ ‫ﺽ ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫ﺿ ُه ْم َﻋﻥْ َبعْ ٍ‬ ‫َﻋ ْن َﻙ‪َ ،‬ﻓال ﱠناﺱُ م ُْﺧ َتلِﻔُ ْو َﻥ َبعْ ُ‬
‫م َِﻥ الرﱢ ْﻓ ِق َﻓ َﻘ ْد ﺣ ُِر َم َﺣ ﱠﻅ ُﻪ م َِﻥ‬ ‫ُﻛ ﱢﻝ َﺷﻲْ ٍء‪َ ،‬ﺷ ْﻛ ًﻼ‪َ ،‬و ِج ْنﺳًا‪َ ،‬و َل ْو ًنا‪َ ،‬وﻋِ رْ ًﻗا‪،‬‬
‫الﺧي ِْر(؟ َت َوﺳﱠﻊْ ﻓِﻲ ْال َﻛ َﻼ ِم َﻋ َلﻰ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َو ِد ْي ًنا‪َ ،‬و َم ْﺫ َهبًا‪َ ،‬وطِ َباﻋًا‪َ ،‬و َل ِﻛ ﱠن ُه ْم َي ْﺷ َت ِر ُﻛ ْو َﻥ‬
‫ﺙ ال ﱠﺷ ِر ْيﻑِ بال ﱠت َعاوُ ِﻥ‬ ‫َمعْ َنﻰ َ‬
‫الﺣ ِد ْي ِ‬ ‫ﺱ ْال َب َﺷ ِرﻱﱢ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ ﺃَ ﱠن ُه ْم َج ِم ْيعًا َي ْن َتم ُْو َﻥ ﺇ َلﻰ ْال َج ْن ِ‬
‫َو َﻗ ْد َيجْ َم ُع ُه ْم َو َطﻥٌ َوا ِﺣ ٌد َومُجْ َت َم ٌﻊ َوا ِﺣ ٌد‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻼ ُب ﱠد‬
‫َم َﻊ مُدَ رﱢ ﺳِ ﻙ َو ُز َمﻼﺋ َ‬
‫ِﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﺽ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺿهُم َم َﻊ َبعْ ٍ‬ ‫َل ُه ْم م َِﻥ ال ﱠتﻼﻗِﻲ َوال ﱠت َعام ُِﻝ‪َ ،‬بعْ ُ‬
‫ْﻥ‬‫ﺻاﻑِ اللﱠ َﺫي ِ‬ ‫ْﻥ ْال َع ْد ِﻝ َو ْاﻹ ْن َ‬ ‫ﻅ َر ﺇلِﻰ ْال َج ِمي ِْﻊ ِب َعي ِ‬ ‫اﻻﺧت َِﻼﻑُ َي َت َطلﱠﺏُ ِم ﱠنا ﺃﻥْ َن ْن ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫و َه َﺫا‬
‫ﻅ ُر ﺇ َلﻰ‬ ‫ْﻑ َﻻ َن ْن ُ‬ ‫اﻥ ﺇ َلﻰ َت َﻘب ِﱡﻝ ْاﻵ َﺧ ِري َْﻥ‪َ ،‬ب ْﻝ ﺇ َلﻰ ُﺣب ِﱢه ْم َو َم َو ﱠدتِهم ﺃَ ْيﺿًا‪َ .‬و َﻛي َ‬ ‫ي َُﺅ ﱢد َي ِ‬
‫ﺕ الﱠتِﻲ ُت ْو ِجﺏُ َﻋ َل ْي َنا ﺃﻥْ‬ ‫ﺿا ِ‬ ‫ﺕ َوال ﱠت َناﻗُ َ‬ ‫اﻻﺧت َِﻼ َﻓا ِ‬ ‫ْاﻵ َﺧ ِري َْﻥ َه َﻛ َﺫا‪َ ،‬و َنﺣْ ﻥُ ﺃَ ْنﻔُ ُﺳ َنا َلدَ ْي َنا م َِﻥ ْ‬
‫ﺿﻰ ِب َما َﻻ‬ ‫ﺕ ُﺧ ْل ِﻘ ﱠي ٍة َور ُْو ِﺣ ﱠيةٍ‪َ ،‬و َنرْ َ‬ ‫َن َت َﻘ ﱠب َﻝ ﺃَ ْنﻔُ َﺳ َنا؛ َﻓ ُنﺻْ لِ ُﺢ َما ُي ْمﻛِﻥُ ﺇﺻْ َﻼ ُﺣ ُﻪ ِمﻥْ ﺻِ َﻔا ٍ‬
‫اﺽ‬ ‫ﺏ ْال َج َﺳ ِد ﱠي ِة َو ْاﻷ ْم َر ِ‬ ‫اﻥ ي ُْﺅلِ ُم َنا َﻛ ْال ُعي ُْو ِ‬ ‫اﻥ َﻻ يُعْ ِج ُب َنا ْﺃو َﻛ َ‬ ‫ُب ﱠد ِمﻥْ وُ ج ُْو ِد ِﻩ ِﻓ ْي َنا‪َ ،‬وﺇﻥْ َﻛ َ‬
‫َوﺳِ َوا َها ِممﱠا َﻻ َيدَ َل َنا ﻓِﻲ َت ْﻐ ِيي ِْر َها‪.‬‬
‫ِﺏ م ُْﺧ َتلِ َﻔ ٍة ر ُْو ِﺣ ﱠي ٍة َو َج َﺳ ِد ﱠيةٍ‪َ ،‬ﻻ ُب ﱠد َل َنا ِمﻥْ‬ ‫ﺱ ْاﻹ ْن َﺳا ِن ﱠي َة َت َت َﻛوﱠ ﻥُ ِمﻥْ َج َوان َ‬ ‫َو ِﻷﻥﱠ ال ﱠن ْﻔ َ‬
‫ِﻙ‪،‬‬ ‫ِﻙ َور ُْوﺣ َ‬ ‫ﺕ َج َﺳد َ‬ ‫ازﻥْ َبي َْﻥ ُم َت َطلﱠ َبا ِ‬ ‫ﺱ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َم َتﻰ ُت َو ِ‬ ‫ْﺵ اﻻﻋْ تِدَ ا َﻝ دَ ا ِﺧ َﻝ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ال ﱠن ْﻔ ِ‬ ‫ﺃَﻥْ َن ِعي َ‬
‫ِﻙ َن َهﻰ ﷲُ َﻋﻥْ ﺃَﻥْ ُت ْﻔ ِر َط ِﻓ ْي َها‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُتﺅﺫِﻱ َن ْﻔ َﺳ َﻙ َو َمﻥْ َﺣ ْو َل َﻙ‪،‬‬ ‫َت ُﻛﻥْ مُعْ َتد ًِﻻ‪ْ ،‬ﺇﺫ َﺣ ﱠتﻰ ﻋِ َبادَ ت َ‬
‫ار ْاﻵﺧ َِر َة‬ ‫اﻙ ﷲُ ال ﱠد َ‬ ‫»وا ْب َت ِﻎ ﻓِي َما ﺁ َت َ‬ ‫ِﻙ َو َﺷ َﻘاﺋ ِِه ْم؛ ْﺇﺫ َﻗا َﻝ َت َعا َلﻰ‪َ :‬‬ ‫َﻓ ِه َﻲ ل َِﺧي ِْر َﻙ َﻻ لِ َﺷ َﻘاﺋ َ‬
‫ْﻙ« )الﻘﺻﺹ‪َ ،(۷۷:‬وﻓِﻲ َﺫل َِﻙ‬ ‫نﺱ َنﺻِ ي َب َﻙ م َِﻥ ال ﱡد ْن َيا َوﺃَﺣْ ﺳِ ﻥ َﻛ َما ﺃَﺣْ َﺳ َﻥ ﷲُ ﺇِ َلي َ‬ ‫َوﻻ َت َ‬
‫اﻥ َﻛ ِثي َْر ْال ِع َبادَ ِة َوالﺻ َﱠﻼةِ‪،‬‬ ‫)رﺿِ َﻲ ﷲُ َﻋ ْنﻪُ( َﻛ َ‬ ‫يُرْ َوﻯ ﺃَﻥﱠ الﺻ َﱠﺣ ِابﻲﱠ ْال َجلِ ْي َﻝ ﺃ َبا ال ﱠدرْ دَ ا ِء َ‬
‫)رﺿِ َﻲ ﷲُ َﻋ ْنﻪُ(‬ ‫ارﻩُ الﺻ َﱠﺣ ِابﻲﱡ َﺳ ْل َماﻥُ َ‬ ‫ار‪َ ،‬و َيﻘُ ْو ُم اللﱠ ْي َﻝ‪َ .‬و َﺫاﺕ َي ْو ٍم‪َ ،‬ز َ‬ ‫َيﺻ ُْو ُم ال ﱠن َه َ‬
‫ْﻙ َﺣ ًّﻘا‪َ ،‬ولِ َن ْﻔﺳِ َﻙ‬ ‫ﱢﻙ َﻋ َلي َ‬ ‫ﺻ َﺣ ُﻪ َﻗاﺋ ًِﻼ‪» :‬ﺇﻥﱠ ل َِرب َ‬ ‫َﻓلﱠ َما َرﺁﻩُ يُرْ ه ُِق َن ْﻔ َﺳ ُﻪ ِب َﻛ ْث َر ِة ْال ِع َبادَ ِة َن َ‬
‫)ﺻلﱠﻰ‬ ‫ْﻙ َﺣ ًّﻘا‪َ ،‬ﻓﺄَﻋْ طِ ُﻛ ﱠﻝ ﺫِﻱ َﺣ ﱟق َﺣ ﱠﻘﻪُ«‪َ ،‬ﻓلﱠ َما َﻋلِ َم الرﱠ ﺳ ُْو ُﻝ َ‬ ‫ْﻙ َﺣ ًّﻘا‪َ ،‬و ِﻷَهْ ل َِﻙ َﻋ َلي َ‬ ‫َﻋ َلي َ‬

‫‪٧‬‬
 ‫»ﺻدَ َق َﺳ ْل َماﻥُ «‪.‬‬‫َ‬ ‫ﷲُ َﻋ َل ْي ِﻪ وﺁلِ ِﻪ َو َﺳلﱠ َم( ِب َﺫل َِﻙ‪َ ،‬ﻗا َﻝ َتﺄْ ِي ْي ًدا لِ َﻘ ْولِﻪِ‪:‬‬
‫ِﻙ َو َﺷ َر ِاب َﻙ َﻓ َﻼ ُتﺳْ ِرﻑْ ِﻓي ِْه َما‪،‬‬ ‫ْﻙ ‪-‬ﺃ ْيﺿًا‪ -‬ﺃَﻥْ َتعْ َت ِد َﻝ ﻓِﻲ َط َعام َ‬ ‫ِﻙ َﻋ َلي َ‬
‫َو ِمﻥْ َﺣ ﱢق َج َﺳد َ‬
‫َوﻓِﻲ َﺫل َِﻙ َيﻘُ ْو ُﻝ ﷲُ َت َعا َلﻰ‪َ » :‬يا َبنِﻲ ﺁدَ َم ُﺧ ُﺫوا ِزي َن َت ُﻛ ْم ﻋِ ندَ ُﻛ ﱢﻝ َمﺳْ ِج ٍد َو ُﻛلُوا َوا ْﺷ َربُوا َوﻻَ‬
‫«)اﻷﻋراﻑ‪َ .(۳١:‬ﻛ َﺫل َِﻙ َﻻ ُب ﱠد ِمﻥْ ﺃَﻥْ َتعْ َت ِد َﻝ ﻓِﻲ َﻋ َمل َِﻙ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻼ‬ ‫ِيﻥ ْ‬ ‫ُتﺳْ ِرﻓُوا ﺇِ ﱠن ُﻪ َﻻ ُيﺣِﺏﱡ ْالمُﺳْ ِرﻓ َ‬
‫ُتجْ ِه ْد َن ْﻔ َﺳ َﻙ ُج ْه ًدا ي َُﺅ ﱢدﻱ ﺇ َلﻰ ْاﻹﻋْ َيا ِء‪َ ،‬و َﻻ َتﺳْ َهرْ َﺳ َهرً ا يُﺿِ رﱡ ْال َبدَ َﻥ‪َ ،‬ويُﺅ ﱢدﻱ ِبﻪ ﺇ َلﻰ ال ﱠت ْهلُ َﻛةِ‪.‬‬
‫لﺊ‬‫ط َﻵِ َ‬ ‫ْط ِمﻥْ َﺣري ٍْر َيرْ ِب ُ‬‫َو َه َﻛ َﺫا َي َت َبيﱠﻥُ ﺃَﻥﱠ اﻻﻋْ تِدَ ا َﻝ َﻛ َما ﺃَﺳْ َل ْﻔ َنا ﻓِﻲ ﺃَوﱠ ِﻝ ْال َﻘ ْو ِﻝ َﺧي ٌ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻥ َم َﻊ َن ْﻔﺳِ ِﻪ َو َم َﻊ َﻏي ِْرﻩِ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺄ ْي َن َما‬‫ﺏ ْال َﺧي ِْر َوالﺻ َﱠﻼ ِﺡ لِﻺ ْن َﺳ ِ‬ ‫ْال َﻔﺿِ ْي َلةِ‪َ ،‬وه َُو ِمﻥْ َج َوا ِن ِ‬
‫ْﻥ ﺃ ﱠن َﻙ‬ ‫ﺕ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُﻛﻥْ مُعْ َتد ًِﻻ‪َ ،‬و َﺣي ُْث َما ُت ْبﺻِ رْ ‪َ ،‬ﻓاجْ َع ْل ُﻪ ِمي َْزا َن َﻙ ﻓِﻲ ْالﺣ ُْﻛ ِم‪َ ،‬و ُﻛﻥْ َﻋ َلﻰ َي ِﻘي ٍ‬ ‫َﺣ َل ْل َ‬
‫اﻥ ه َُو‪.‬‬ ‫ْﻙ َﺧيْرً ا ﺃَ ْو َﺷ ًّرا َﻛ َ‬ ‫َم ْه َما َت ْﻔ َعﻝْ‪َ ،‬يع ُْد ﺇ َلي َ‬

‫َﻣﺎ ﺑَ ْﻌ َﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ﱢ‬
‫ﺺ‬

‫ﺳِ َم ٌة‪َ :‬ﻋ َﻼ َم ٌة‪.‬‬

‫ُﺳ ُب ٌﻝ َﺷ ﱠتﻰ‪َ :‬و َﺳا ِﺋ ُﻝ م ُْﺧ َت َل َﻔ ٌة‪.‬‬
‫ﻋِ رْ ٌق‪ :‬ﺃَﺻْ ُﻝ ُﻛ ﱢﻝ َﺷﻲْ ٍء‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ْاﻵ ِت َيةِ‪:‬‬
‫اﺳْ َتعْ ِم ْﻝ مُعْ َج َم َﻙ ِﻹي َْجا ِد َم َعانِﻲ ْال ُم ْﻔ َردَ ا ِ‬
‫ﺿ ُ‬
‫اﺕ‬ ‫ُتﺳْ ِرﻑُ ‪ْ ،‬اﻹﻋْ َياءُ‪ ،‬ال ﱠت َناﻗُ َ‬

‫ﻧَﺸَﺎﻁٌ‬
‫ﱢﻲ ِب َﺫل َِﻙ؟ َو َما ُم ْﻔ َر ُد َها؟‬
‫)ﻵلِﺊ(؟ َولِ َم َاﺫا ُﺳم َ‬ ‫َم َاﺫا ُن َﺳمﱢﻲ ْال َجمْ َﻊ الﱠﺫِﻱ ُجم َِع ْ‬
‫ﺕ َﻋ َليْﻪ َﻛلِ َم ُة َ‬

‫ﺏ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧَﺸَﺎﻁُ ﺍ ْﻟﻔَ ْﻬ ِﻢ َﻭﺍﻻ ْ‬

‫ﺳﺘِ ْﻴ َﻌﺎ ِ‬

‫ْﻑ َت َر َ‬
‫ﻯ‬ ‫ﺻ ِة َو ْال َعا ﱠم ِة ِب ُﻛ ﱢﻝ َج َوان ِِب َها؟ َو َﻛي َ‬‫اﻝ ﻓِﻲ َﺣ َيا ِت َنا ْال َﺧا ﱠ‬ ‫ْﻑ َت َرﻯ ﺃَ َه ﱢم ﱠي َة اﻻﻋْ تِدَ ِ‬‫َﻛي َ‬
‫ﺿ ُه ْم َﻋﻥْ‬‫اﺳ ُﻪ َﻋ َلﻰ ال ﱠت َعام ُِﻝ َم َﻊ ْاﻵ َﺧ ِري َْﻥ َو َت َﻘ ﱡبل ِِه ْم؛ َو َﻻﺳِ ﱠي َما ﺃَﻥﱠ ال َب َﺷ َر م ُْﺧ َتلِﻔُ ْو َﻥ َبعْ ُ‬
‫ا ْن ِع َﻛ َ‬
‫ﺱ ْال َب َﺷ ِرﻱﱢ ؟‬ ‫ﺇﻥ ا ﱠت َﻔﻘُ ْوا ﻓِﻲ َﻛ ْون ِِهم َي ْن َتم ُْو َﻥ ﺇ َلﻰ ْال ِج ْن ِ‬
‫ﺽ‪َ ،‬و ِ‬ ‫َبعْ ٍ‬

‫‪٨‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺪ ْر ُس اﻟ َّﺜﺎﻧِﻲ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘ َﻮ ِ‬
‫اﻋ ُﺪ‬ ‫َّ‬

‫ﺎز َﻣ ُﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﺮ ِط ا َﻟ َﺠ ِ‬ ‫ات َّ‬ ‫َأ َد َو ُ‬
‫ﻋ ُْد ﺇ َلﻰ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ َوا ْﻗ َرﺃ ْالجُمْ َﻝ ْاﻵ ِت َي َة‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺃﻱﱡ َﻋ َم ٍﻝ َي ْد ُﺧ ْلﻪُ‪ ،‬ي َُز ﱢي ْنﻪُ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻗ ْولُﻪ َت َعا َلﻰ‪َ » :‬مﻥْ ﻗُد َِر َﻋ َل ْي ِﻪ ِر ْزﻗُﻪُ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ْل ُي ْنﻔ ِْق ِممﱠا ﺁَ َتاﻩُ ﷲُ«‪.‬‬
‫اﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫ِﺏ اﻻﻋْ تِدَ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺃَ ﱠنﻰ َت َتبﱠعْ َنا َﺷ ِري َْع َة ْاﻹﺳْ َﻼ ِم‪َ ،‬ت َلمﱠﺳْ َنا َج َوان َ‬
‫اﺱ ﺃُم ُْو َر ُه ْم َو َترْ ﻓ ِْق ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠت َعام ُِﻝ َم َع ُه ْم‪َ ،‬ت ُﻛﻥْ مُعْ َتد ًِﻻ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ْ -‬ﺇﺫ َما ُت َيﺳﱢرْ َﻋ َلﻰ ال ﱠن ِ‬
‫‪َ »-‬مﻥْ ﺃُﻋْ طِ َﻲ َﺣ ﱠﻅ ُﻪ م َِﻥ الرﱢ ْﻓ ِق‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ ْد ﺃُﻋْ طِ َﻲ َﺣ ﱠﻅ ُﻪ م َِﻥ ْال َﺧي ِْر‪َ ،‬و َمﻥْ ﺣ ُِر َم َﺣ ﱠﻅ ُﻪ م َِﻥ‬
‫الﺧي ِْر«‪.‬‬ ‫الرﱢ ْﻓ ِق‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ ْد ﺣ ُِر َم َﺣ ﱠﻅ ُﻪ م َِﻥ َ‬
‫ِﻙ‪َ ،‬ت ُﻛﻥْ مُعْ َت ِدﻻً‪.‬‬ ‫ِﻙ َور ُْوﺣ َ‬ ‫ﺕ َج َﺳد َ‬ ‫ازﻥْ َبي َْﻥ ُم َت َطلﱠ َبا ِ‬ ‫‪َ -‬م َتﻰ ُت َو ِ‬
‫ﺕ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُﻛﻥْ مُعْ َت ِدﻻً‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺃ ْي َن َما َﺣ َل ْل َ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺣي ُْث َما ُت ْبﺻِ رْ ‪َ ،‬ﻓاجْ َع ْل ُﻪ ِمي َْزا َن َﻙ ﻓِﻲ ْالﺣ ُْﻛ ِم‪.‬‬
‫ْﻙ‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ -‬م ْه َما َت ْﻔ َعﻝْ‪َ ،‬يع ُْد ﺇ َلي َ‬
‫الثانِﻲ َيعْ َت ِم ُد َﻋ َلﻰ وُ ﻗُ ْو ِﻉ ْال ِﻔعْ ِﻝ‬ ‫ْﻥ‪َ ،‬وﺃﻥﱠ وُ ﻗُ ْو َﻉ ْال ِﻔعْ ِﻝ ﱠ‬ ‫َت ِج ْد ﺃﻥﱠ ﻓِﻲ ُﻛ ﱟﻝ ِم ْن َها ِﻓعْ َلي ِ‬
‫ط ﻓِﻲ وُ ﻗُ ْوﻋِ ِﻪ وُ ﻗُ ْو ُﻉ ْال ِﻔعْ ِﻝ ) َي ْد ُﺧﻝْ(‪َ ،‬و ْال ِﻔعْ ُﻝ ) َت َلمﱠﺳْ َنا(‬ ‫ْاﻷوﱠ ِﻝ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ْال ِﻔعْ ُﻝ َم َث ًﻼ )ي َُزيﱢﻥْ ( ُي ْﺷ َت َر ُ‬
‫ط ﻓِﻲ وُ ﻗُ ْوﻋِ ِﻪ‬ ‫ط ﻓِﻲ وُ ﻗُ ْوﻋِ ِﻪ ﺃَ ْيﺿًا وُ ﻗُ ْو ُﻉ ْال ِﻔعْ ِﻝ ) َت َتبﱠعْ َنا(‪َ ،‬و ْال ِﻔعْ ُﻝ )اجْ َعﻝْ( ُي ْﺷ َت َر ُ‬ ‫ُي ْﺷ َت َر ُ‬
‫اﻝ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال ُج َم ِﻝ‪ ،‬ل َِﺫا ُت َﺳمﱠﻰ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ‬ ‫َﻛ َﺫلِﻙ وُ ﻗُ ْو ُﻉ ْال ِﻔعْ ِﻝ ) ُت ْبﺻِ رْ (‪َ ،‬و َه َﻛ َﺫا ﻓِﻲ َﺳاﺋ ِِر ﺃَ ْﻓ َع ِ‬
‫ﺏ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ (‪.‬‬ ‫ْال ُج ْم ُﻝ ْال ُج ْم َﻝ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ ﱠي َة‪َ ،‬وي َُﺳمﱠﻰ َه َﺫا ْاﻷُﺳْ لُ ْوﺏُ )ﺃُﺳْ لُ ْو َ‬
‫اﺕ َﺷرْ طٍ‬ ‫اﻙ ﺃَدَ َو ُ‬ ‫ﺏ َن ْو ِﻉ َاﻷدَ اةِ؛ ْﺇﺫ ُه َن َ‬ ‫َو َي ْن َﻘﺳِ ُم ﻓِﻲ اللﱡ َﻐ ِة ْال َع َر ِب ﱠي ِة َﻋ َلﻰ ِﻗﺳْ َمي ِ‬
‫ْﻥ ِب َﺣ َﺳ ِ‬
‫از َم ٍة َو َﺳ َت َت َعرﱠ ﻑُ ﺇ َل ْي َها‬
‫اﺕ َﺷرْ طٍ َﻏ ْي ُر َج ِ‬ ‫ﺙ َﻋ ْن َها ُه َنا‪َ -‬وﺃَدَ َو ُ‬ ‫ِﻲ َما َﺳ َن َت َﺣ ﱠد ُ‬ ‫‪-‬وه َ‬ ‫از َم ٌة َ‬ ‫َج ِ‬
‫الوﺣْ دَ ِة ال ﱠتالِ َيةِ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓِﻲ َ‬
‫َو َت َت َﻛوﱠ ﻥُ ْالجُمْ ُﻝ ِمﻥْ َث َﻼ َث ِة ﺃَجْ َزا ٍء ُت َم ﱢث ُﻝ َوﺣْ دَ ًة ُم َت َﻛا ِم َل ًة؛ ْﺇﺫ َلﻥْ َي ْﻛ َت ِم َﻝ َمعْ َنﻰ ﺃﻱﱟ‬
‫َ‬
‫ِﻲ‪ْ :‬‬
‫)اﻷدَ اةُ‪َ ،‬و ِﻓعْ ُﻝ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺃو ْاﻷرْ َﻛاﻥُ ؛ ه َ‬ ‫ِم ْن َها ِب َﺣ ْﺫﻑِ ﺃﻱﱢ ج ُْز ٍء‪َ ،‬و َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْاﻷجْ َزاءُ‪ِ ،‬‬
‫َو َج َواﺏُ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ (‪.‬‬

‫‪٩‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺮ ْﻛ ُﻦ ْ َ‬
‫اﻷ َّو ُل‪:‬‬ ‫ُّ‬
‫ﻙ ﻓِﻲ ﺃَ ﱠن َها َت ْد ُﺧ ُﻝ َﻋ َلﻰ جُمْ َل ِة ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ‬ ‫اﺕ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ ْال َج ِ‬
‫از َم ُة َت ْﺷ َت ِر ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﺮ ِﻁ‪ :‬ﺃَدَ َو ُ‬ ‫ﺍﺓ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺃ َﺩ ُ‬
‫ْﻥ‪:‬‬‫ِﻲ ُت ْﻘ َﺳ ُم َﻋ َلﻰ ِﻗﺳْ َمي ِ‬ ‫ﻓ َتجْ ِز ُم ْال ِﻔعْ َلي ِ‬
‫ْﻥ ِﻓ ْي َها‪َ ،‬وه َ‬
‫اﻥ‪ُ ،‬ه َما )ﺇﻥْ ‪َ ،‬وﺇِ ْﺫ َما(‪َ ،‬و َلي َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ْﺱ َل ُه َما َمعْ ًنﻰ ﺳِ َوﻯ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ َم َﺣ ﱠﻝ َل ُه َما‬ ‫ﺃ ﱠﻭ ًﻻ‪َ -‬ﺣرْ َﻓ ِ‬
‫م َِﻥ ْاﻹﻋْ َراﺏِ‪.‬‬
‫»ﺇﺫ َما ُت َيﺳﱢرْ‬‫اﻝ ْال َوار ِد ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫َﻛ َما ﻓِﻲ ْال ِم َث ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﺱ ﺃُم ُْو َر ُه ْم َو َترْ ﻓ ِْق ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠت َعام ُِﻝ َم َع ُه ْم‪،‬‬ ‫َﻋ َلﻰ ال ﱠن ِ‬
‫ِﺪ ٌة‬
‫َﻓﺎﺋ َ‬
‫َت ُﻛﻥْ مُعْ َتد ًِﻻ«‪َ ،‬وم ِْث ُﻝ َﻗ ْولِ َنا‪» :‬ﺇﻥْ َت ْﻔ َع ْﻝ َﺧيْرً ا‪،‬‬
‫اﻥ؛ ل َِﺫا َﻻ َم َﺣ ﱠﻝ‬‫وﺇﺫ َما( َﺣرْ َﻓ ِ‬ ‫)ﺇﻥ‪ْ ْ،‬‬
‫ُتجْ َز ِبﻪ«‪.‬‬
‫ْﻥ ﺃَﻥﱠ‬
‫َل ُه َما م َِﻥ ْاﻹﻋْ َراﺏِ‪ ،‬ﻓِﻲ ِﺣي ِ‬ ‫ِيرةٌ‪َ ،‬ولِ ُﻛ ﱢﻝ اﺳْ ِم َﺷرْ طٍ‬
‫ِﻲ َﻛث َ‬ ‫َﺛﺎ ِﻧﻴًﺎ‪ْ -‬اﻷَﺳْ َماءُ‪َ :‬وه َ‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺃَﺳْ َما َء ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ َل َها َم َﺣ ﱞﻝ م َِﻥ ْاﻹﻋْ َرا ِ‬
‫ِﻲ‪:‬‬‫َمعْ ًنﻰ‪َ ،‬وه َ‬
‫وﺳ َت ْدرُﺱُ َﺫل َِﻙ‬
‫ﺁﺧ َر‪َ ،‬‬ ‫م ِْث ُﻝ ﺃﻱﱢ اﺳْ ٍم َ‬
‫ِـﻝ‪ ،‬م ِْثـﻝُ‪َ » :‬مـﻥْ ُي َﻘ ﱢد ْم‬
‫‪َ -١‬مـﻥْ ‪ُ :‬تﺳْ َتعْ َم ُﻝ ل ِْل َعاﻗ ِ‬
‫ﻓِﻲ ْال َمرْ َﺣ َل ِة ْاﻹﻋْ دَ ا ِد ﱠيةِ‪.‬‬
‫َﺧيْرً ا‪َ ،‬ي ِج ْد َﺧيْرً ا«‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -2‬ما‪َ ،‬و َم ْه َما‪ُ :‬تﺳْ َتعْ َم َﻼ ِﻥ ل َِﻐي ِْر ْال َعاﻗ ِِﻝ‪ ،‬م ِْثﻝُ‪:‬‬
‫» َما َت ْﻘ َر ْﺃ ِمﻥْ ِﻛ َتاﺏٍ‪ ،‬ي َُﻐ ﱢﺫ ِﻓ ْﻛ َرﻙ«‪َ .‬و» َم ْه َما‬
‫ِﺪ ٌة‬
‫َﻓﺎﺋ َ‬
‫ﺏ ْاﻷﻋْ دَ اءُ‪ُ ،‬نﺻْ لِﺣْ ُﻪ ِب َع ْز ِم َنا«‪.‬‬ ‫ي َُﺧرﱢ ِ‬
‫ﺃﺳْ َما ُء ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ َج ِم ْيعًا َم ْب ِني ٌّة‬ ‫اﻥ‪) :‬ﺃَي َ‬
‫ﱠاﻥ‬ ‫اﻥ ﱠ‬
‫الز َم َ‬ ‫اﻥ ُي ِﻔيْدَ ِ‬ ‫‪َ -۳‬م َتﻰ‪َ ،‬وﺃَي َ‬
‫ﱠاﻥ‪َ :‬ﻅرْ َﻓ ِ‬
‫اﻋدَ ا )ﺃﻱّ ( َﻓ ِه َﻲ مُعْ َر َب ٌة‪.‬‬
‫َت ْﺫ َهب ُْوا‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْﺫ َهﺏْ َم َع ُﻛ ْم(‪َ ،‬و) َم َتﻰ َتجْ َت ِه ْد‪َ ،‬ت ِج ْد َم َ‬
‫َﺧيْرً ا(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺃَ َي َﻥ‪َ ،‬وﺃ ﱠنﻰ‪َ ،‬وﺃَ ْي َن َما‪َ ،‬و َﺣي ُْث َما‪َ :‬ج ِم ْي ُع َها‬
‫ِﺪ ٌة‬
‫َﻓﺎﺋ َ‬
‫ُﻙ‬‫ﺻر َ‬ ‫اﻥ‪ ،‬م ِْثﻝُ‪) :‬ﺃي َْﻥ َي َﻘﻊْ َب َ‬‫ﻅر ُْوﻑٌ ُت ِﻔ ْي ُد ْال َم َﻛ َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫) َما( ﻓِﻲ )ﺃَ ْي َن َما َو َﺣي ُْث َما َو َﻛ ْي َﻔ َما(‬
‫ار ِم(‪َ ،‬و َﻛ َما ﻓِﻲ ْاﻷ ْم ِث َل ِة‬ ‫اﻏﺿِ ﺿْ ُﻪ َﻋ ِﻥ ال َم َﺣ ِ‬ ‫َﻓ ْ‬
‫َزاﺋِدَ ةٌ‪.‬‬
‫اردَ ِة ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ ‪) :‬ﺃ ﱠنﻰ َت َتبﱠعْ َنا َﺷ ِري َْع َة‬ ‫الو ِ‬‫َ‬

‫‪١٠‬‬
‫)ﺣي ُْث َما ُت ْبﺻِ رْ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺕ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُﻛﻥْ مُعْ َت ِدﻻً(‪َ ،‬و َ‬ ‫اﻝ(‪َ ،‬و)ﺃ ْي َن َما َﺣ َل ْل َ‬ ‫ِﺏ اﻻﻋْ تِدَ ِ‬ ‫ﻼم‪َ ،‬ت َلمﱠﺳْ َنا َج َوان َ‬ ‫اﻹﺳْ ِ‬
‫َﻓاجْ َع ْل ُﻪ ِمي َْزا َن َﻙ ﻓِﻲ الﺣ ُْﻛ ِم(‪.‬‬
‫اﻝ(‪َ ،‬ﻛ َما ﻓِﻲ َﻗ ْولِ َنا‪َ ) :‬ﻛ ْي َﻔ َما َتجْ لِﺱْ ‪ ،‬ﺃَجْ لِﺱْ (‪.‬‬ ‫)ﻋ َلﻰ ﺃَﻱﱢ َﺣ ٍ‬ ‫‪َ -٥‬ﻛ ْي َﻔ َما‪ُ :‬ت ِﻔ ْي ُد َمعْ َنﻰ َ‬
‫اﻥ‪َ ،‬و َﺇﺫا‬ ‫ﺕ ْال َم َﻛ َ‬‫اﻥ ﺃ َﻓادَ ِ‬‫ﺕ ﺇ َلﻰ ْال َم َﻛ ِ‬‫ﺿاﻑُ ﺇ َليْﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺈﺫا ﺃُﺿِ ْي َﻔ ْ‬ ‫ﺏ َما ُت َ‬ ‫‪ -٦‬ﺃَﻱﱡ ‪َ :‬معْ َنا َها ِب َﺣ َﺳ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﺇ َلﻰ ْال َعاﻗ ِِﻝ‪ْ ،‬ﺃو َﻏي ِْر ْال َعاﻗ ِِﻝ ﺃَ َﻓادَ ْت ُه َما‪ ،‬م ِْثﻝُ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻥ ﺃَ َﻓادَ ْتﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﺇﺫا ﺃُﺿِ ْي َﻔ ْ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺇ َلﻰ ﱠ‬
‫الز َم ِ‬ ‫ﺃُﺿِ ْي َﻔ ْ‬
‫اﻥ َت َرﻩُ‪ِ ،‬اﺣْ َت ِرمْ ﻪُ(‪َ ،‬و)ﺇ َلﻰ ﺃَﻱﱢ َم ِد ْي َن ٍة َت ْﺫ َهﺏْ ‪َ ،‬ت ِج ْد ﺃﺻْ َﺣابًا(‪َ ،‬ول َِﻐي ِْر ْال َعاﻗ ِِﻝ‬ ‫)ﺃﻱﱡ ﺇ ْن َﺳ ٍ‬
‫ار ُد ﻓﻲ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ ‪) :‬ﺃﻱﱡ َﻋ َم ٍﻝ َي ْد ُﺧ ْلﻪُ‪ ،‬ي َُز ﱢي ْنﻪُ(‪.‬‬
‫ْال ِم َثا ُﻝ ْال َو ِ‬

‫ارﻋًا‬ ‫اﻟﺮ ْﻛ ُﻦ اﻟ َّﺜﺎﻧِﻲ‪ِ :‬ﻓعْ ُﻝ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ ‪ :‬ه َُو ْال ِﻔعْ ُﻝ الﱠ َﺫﻱ َيلِﻲ ْاﻷدَ ا َة‪ ،‬و َي ُﻛ ْوﻥُ ِﻓعْ ﻼً م َ‬
‫ُﺿ ِ‬ ‫ُّ‬
‫َمجْ َز ْومًا‪ ،‬م ِْثﻝُ‪) :‬ﺇﻥْ َتﺄ ِتنِﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃ ُ ْﻛ ِر ْم َﻙ(‪ْ ،‬ﺃو َي ُﻛ ْوﻥُ ِﻓعْ ًﻼ مَاﺿِ يًا َم ْب ِن ًّيا ﻓِﻲ َم َﺣ ﱢﻝ َج ْز ٍم‪،‬‬
‫ﺿيْﻑُ ‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْﻛ َرمْ ُتﻪُ(‪.‬‬ ‫َجا َء ال ﱠ‬ ‫م ِْثﻝُ‪) :‬ﺇﻥْ‬
‫ِﺪ ٌة‬
‫َﻓﺎﺋ َ‬
‫ِﺚ‪َ :‬ج َواﺏُ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ ‪ :‬ه َُو‬ ‫اﻟﺮ ْﻛ ُﻦ اﻟ َّﺜﺎﻟ ُ‬‫ُّ‬
‫ﺇﻥْ جا َء َج َواﺏُ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ ِﻓعْ َﻝ ﺃَمْ ٍر‬
‫ْﺃو جُمْ َل ًة اﺳْ ِمي ًﱠة‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْو ِﻓعْ ًﻼ مَاﺿِ يًا‬ ‫الثانِﻲ ﻓِﻲ ُجمْل ِة ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ ‪َ ،‬وه َُو ﺇمﱠا‬‫ْال ِﻔعْ ُﻝ ﱠ‬
‫ﺳ ُِب َق ِبـ ) َﻗ ْد(‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْو ِﻓعْ ًﻼ مَاﺿِ يًا ﺃَ ْو‬ ‫ارﻋًا َمجْ َز ْومًا‪ ،‬م ِْثﻝُ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻥْ َي ُﻛ ْو َﻥ ِﻓعْ ًﻼ م َ‬
‫ُﺿ ِ‬
‫ْﻥ ِبـ) َما(‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْو ِﻓعْ ًﻼ‬ ‫ارﻋًا َمﺳْ ب ُْو َﻗي ِ‬‫ُﺿ ِ‬ ‫م َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫)ﺇﺫ َما َت ْز َرﻉْ َﺧيْرً ا‪َ ،‬تﺣْ ﺻ ُْد َﺧيْرً ا(‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْو‬
‫ﺃو ال ﱢﺳيْﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ارﻋًا َمﺳْ ب ُْو ًﻗا ِبـ) َلﻥ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ُﺿ ِ‬ ‫م َ‬ ‫ِﻓعْ ًﻼ مَاﺿِ يًا ﻓِﻲ َم َﺣ ﱢﻝ َج ْز ٍم‪ ،‬م ِْثﻝ‪َ ) :‬م َﻥ‬
‫ارتبط ِب ْال َﻔا ِء‪ ،‬م ِْثﻝُ‪:‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﻑ(‪،‬‬‫ْﺃو َﺳ ْو َ‬ ‫اﺵ م ْ‬
‫اﻝ(‪.‬‬ ‫ُط َمﺋِﻥﱠ ْال َب ِ‬ ‫ﷲ‪َ ،‬ﻋ َ‬ ‫َت َو ﱠﻛﻝ َﻋ َلﻰ ِ‬
‫ﺿ ًّاﻻ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُﺧ ْﺫ ِب َي ِد ِﻩ ﺇ َلﻰ‬ ‫)ﺣي ُْث َما َت ِج ْد َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫الﺣ ﱢق(‪ .‬وﺇِ َﺫا ارْ َت َب َط َج َواﺏُ‬ ‫ْق َ‬ ‫َط ِري ِ‬
‫)ر ِاب َطة‬ ‫ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ ِب ْال َﻔا ِء‪ -‬الﱠتِﻲ ُت َﺳمﱠﻰ َ‬
‫ﺏ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ ( َﻓﺈِ ﱠن ُﻪ‬ ‫ْﺃو َواﻗ َِعة ﻓِﻲ َج َوا ِ‬
‫ﺃَﻱ ْال َج َواﺏُ يُعْ َرﺏُ ﻓِﻲ َم َﺣ ﱢﻝ َج ْز ٍم‪.‬‬

‫‪١١‬‬
 ‫ﺎن‬ ‫َﺗ ْﻘ ِﻮ ْﻳ ُﻢ اﻟّﻠ َ‬
‫ِﺴ ِ‬ ‫ﻼﺻ ُﺔ اﻟ َﻘ َﻮ ِ‬
‫اﻋ ِﺪ‬ ‫ُﺧ َ‬

‫ﻗُﻝْ‪َ ) :‬نادَ ﻯ ﺃَ َﺧاﻩُ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﺃُﺳْ لُ ْوﺏُ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ ﻓِﻲ اللﱡ َﻐ ِة ْال َع َر ِب ﱠي ِة َيعْ نِﻲ‬
‫َو َﻻ َتﻘُﻝْ‪َ ) :‬نادَ ﻯ َﻋ َلﻰ ﺃَ ِﺧ ْيﻪِ(‬ ‫ط ﻓِﻲ ُﺣﺻ ُْو ِﻝ‬ ‫وُ ج ُْودَ ﺃَمْ َريْﻥ؛ ﺃَ َﺣ ُد ُهمْا َﺷرْ ٌ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ْاﻵ َﺧ ِر‪.‬‬
‫الثانِﻲ‪ِ :‬ﻓعْ ُﻝ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺏ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ َث َﻼ َث ُة ﺃَرْ َﻛ ٍ‬
‫اﻥ‪ :‬الرﱡ ْﻛﻥُ ْاﻷوﱠ ﻝُ‪ْ :‬اﻷدَ اةُ‪ ،‬الرﱡ ْﻛﻥُ ﱠ‬ ‫‪ِ -2‬ﻷُﺳْ لُ ْو ِ‬
‫ِﺙ‪َ :‬ج َواﺏُ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ ‪.‬‬ ‫الرﱡ ْﻛﻥُ ﱠ‬
‫الثال ُ‬
‫)وﺃَﺳْ َماءٌ‪َ :‬مﻥْ ل ِْل َعاﻗ ِِﻝ‪َ ،‬ما‬ ‫اﻥ )ﺇﻥْ ْ‬
‫–ﺇﺫ َما(‪َ ،‬‬ ‫اﻥ؛ َﺣرْ َﻓ ِ‬‫از َم ُة َن ْو َﻋ ِ‬ ‫اﺕ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ َ‬ ‫‪ -۳‬ﺃَدَ َو ُ‬
‫الج ِ‬
‫اﻥ‪َ ،‬وﺃَي َْﻥ َوﺃَ ﱠنﻰ وﺃَ ْي َن َما َو َﺣي ُْث َما ل ِْل َم َﻛ ِ‬
‫اﻥ‪َ ،‬ﻛ ْي َﻔ َما‬ ‫العاﻗ ِِﻝ‪َ ،‬م َتﻰ َوﺃَي َ‬
‫ﱠاﻥ ل ِْل َز َم ِ‬ ‫َو َم ْه َما ل َِﻐي ِْر َ‬
‫ﺿاﻑُ ﺇ َليْﻪ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ َما ُت َ‬ ‫اﻝ‪ ،‬ﺃَﻱﱡ ِب َﺣ َﺳ ِ‬
‫ِب َمعْ َنﻰ َﻋ َلﻰ ﺃَ ﱠي ِة َﺣ ٍ‬
‫ارﻋًا َمجْ ُز ْومًا‪ْ ،‬ﺃو ِﻓعْ ًﻼ مَاﺿِ يًا َم ْب ِن ًّيا ﻓِﻲ َم َﺣ ﱢﻝ‬ ‫‪ِ -4‬ﻓعْ ُﻝ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ ﺇمﱠا ﺃﻥْ َي ُﻛ ْو َﻥ ِﻓعْ ًﻼ م َ‬
‫ُﺿ ِ‬
‫َج ْز ٍم‪.‬‬
‫ارﻋًا‪ْ ،‬ﺃو ِﻓعْ ًﻼ مَاﺿِ يًا َم ْب ِن ًّيا ﻓِﻲ َم َﺣ ﱢﻝ َج ْز ٍم‪،‬‬ ‫‪َ -٥‬ج َواﺏُ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ ﺇمﱠا ﺃﻥْ َي ُﻛ ْو َﻥ ِﻓعْ ًﻼ م َ‬
‫ُﺿ ِ‬
‫اﻥ ِﻓعْ َﻝ ﺃَم ٍْر ْﺃو ُج ْم َل ًة اﺳْ ِمي ًﱠة‪.‬‬
‫ْﺃو ُم ْﻘ َت ِر ًنا ِب ْال َﻔا ِء َوه ُْو َﺇﺫا َﻛ َ‬
‫ْﻥ ﺃﻥﱠ ﺃَﺳْ َما َء ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ‬ ‫‪َ -٦‬ﺣرْ َﻓا ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ )ﺇِﻥْ ‪ ،‬وﺇِ ْﺫ َما( َﻻ َم َﺣ ﱠﻝ َل ُه ْما م َِﻥ ْاﻹﻋْ َرا ِ‬
‫ﺏ ﻓِﻲ ِﺣي ِ‬
‫َل َها َم َﺣ ﱞﻝ م َِﻥ ْاﻹﻋْ َراﺏِ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -۷‬ج ِم ْي ُﻊ ﺃﺳْ َما ِء ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ َم ْب ِني ٌﱠة ﱠﺇﻻ )ﺃﻱّ ( َﻓﺈِ ﱠن َها مُعْ َر َب ٌة‪.‬‬

‫‪١٢‬‬
 ‫َﺣﻠﱢ ْﻞ َﻭﺃَ ْﻋ ِﺮ ْﺏ‬
‫َﺔ اﻵ ِﺗ َﻴ َﺔ‪ :‬إ ْذ َﻣﺎ َﺗ َﺮ َﻣ ْﻈُﻠ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ َﻓﺎ ْﻧ ُﺼ ْﺮ ُه‬
‫ِﻞ َوَأ ْﻋ ِﺮ ِب ا ْﻟ ُﺠ ْﻤﻠ َ‬
‫َﺣّﻠ ْ‬

‫ﻑ ا ْنﺻُر‪+‬ه ْـ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َم ْﻅلُ ْومًا‬ ‫َت َر‬ ‫ْﺇﺫ َما‬ ‫َﺣلﱢ ْﻝ‬

‫َﻛلِ َم ٌة َت ُد ﱡﻝ َﻋ َلﻰ اﺳْ ٌم َم ْنﺻ ُْوﺏٌ‬ ‫ْ‬

‫ِﻓـعْ ٌﻝ َيــ ُد ﱡﻝ‬ ‫ﻑٌ‬ ‫َﺣرْ‬ ‫ﺙ َو َﻗ َﻊ ﻓِﻲ َو َﻗ َﻊ َﻋ َل ْي ِﻪ ِﻓعْ ُﻝ‬ ‫َﻻﺣِﻅ َو َﻓ ﱢﻛرْ َﺣرْ ﻑُ َﺷرْ طٍ‬
‫رابطٌ‬
‫ٌ‬ ‫َﺣدَ ٍ‬
‫َﻋ َلﻰ اﻷَم ِْر‬ ‫ال َﻔاﻋِ ِﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َزمِﻥ ال ﱠت َﻛلﱡ ِم‪.‬‬
‫از ٌم‬
‫َج ِ‬

‫ارﻉٌ‪َ ،‬وﺃﻥﱠ الﻔِعْ َﻝ‬ ‫ُﺿ ِ‬ ‫ِﻲ ﻓِعْ ٌﻝ م َ‬ ‫ﺙ ﻓِﻲ َز َم ِﻥ ال ﱠت َﻛلﱡ ِم ه َ‬ ‫ﺕ َﻋ َلﻰ َﺣدَ ٍ‬ ‫ﺃﻥﱠ ْال َﻛلِ َم َة ﺇِ َﺫا دَ لﱠ ْ‬ ‫َت َﺫ ﱠﻛرْ‬
‫ار َﻉ ْالمُعْ َت ﱠﻝ ْاﻵ ِﺧ ُر َﺇﺫا ج ُِز َم يُﺣْ َﺫﻑُ َﺣرْ ﻑُ ال ِعلﱠةِ‪َ ،‬و ُت َعوﱠ ﺽُ ِم ْن ُﻪ َﺣ َر َﻛ ٌة‬ ‫ُﺿ ِ‬ ‫الم َ‬
‫م َُجان َِﺳ ٌة‪َ .‬وﺃﻥﱠ ﻓِعْ َﻝ ْاﻷ ِ‬
‫مْر ْالمُﺳْ ندَ ﺇ َلﻰ ْال ُم ْﻔ َر ِد ْالم َُﺫ ﱠﻛ ِر َﻓاﻋِ لُ ُﻪ َ‬
‫ﺿ ِم ْي ٌر مُﺳْ َت ِت ٌر وُ ج ُْوبًا‬
‫ﺕ ِب ْالﻔِعْ ِﻝ ُتعْ َرﺏُ َم ْﻔع ُْوﻻً ِبﻪِ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ(‪َ ،‬وﺃﻥﱠ ْال َها َء َﺇﺫا ا ﱠت َ‬
‫ﺻ َل ْ‬ ‫َت ْﻘ ِد ْيرُﻩ )ﺃَ ْن َ‬

‫ﺃﻥﱠ َﺣرْ َﻓﻲ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ َﻻ َم َﺣ ﱠﻝ َل ُه َما م َِﻥ اﻹﻋْ َراﺏِ‪َ ،‬وﺃﻥﱠ الﻔِعْ َﻝ َﺇﺫا َو َﻗ َﻊ َبعْ دَ ﺃدَ ا ِة ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ‬ ‫َت َعلﱠ َ‬
‫مْﺕ‬
‫ُﺿارﻋًا جُز َم‪َ ،‬و ْالﻔِعْ ُﻝ ﱠ‬
‫الثانِﻲ ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻥ ﻓِعْ ًﻼ م َ ِ‬ ‫از َم ِة ي َُﺳمﱠﻰ ﻓِعْ َﻝ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥْ َﻛ َ‬ ‫ْال َج ِ‬
‫ارﻋًا ْﺃو مَاﺿِ يًا ْﺃو ﺃَمْرً ا‪،‬‬ ‫جُمْ َل ِة ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ ه َُو َج َواﺏُ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ ‪َ ،‬وه َُو ﺇمﱠا ﺃﻥْ َي ُﻛ ْو َﻥ م َ‬
‫ُﺿ ِ‬
‫اﻥ ﻓِعْ َﻝ ﺃَ ٍ‬
‫مْر َي ْﻘ َت ِرﻥُ ِب ْال َﻔا ِء‪.‬‬ ‫َﻓﺈﻥْ َﻛ َ‬
‫ِﻓعْ ُﻝ ﺃَ ْم ٍر ارْ َت َب َط‬ ‫ارﻉٌ‪،‬‬‫ُﺿ ِ‬ ‫ِﻓعْ ٌﻝ م َ‬ ‫َتﺳْ َت ْن ِت ُج‬
‫َﺣرْ ﻑُ َﺷرْ طٍ‬
‫ِب ْال َﻔا ِء َوه َُو َج َواﺏُ‬ ‫َم ْﻔع ُْو ٌﻝ ِب ِﻪ‬ ‫َوه َُو ِﻓعْ ُﻝ‬
‫از ٌم‪.‬‬
‫َج ِ‬
‫ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ‬ ‫ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ ‪.‬‬
‫ْاﻹﻋْ َراﺏُ‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫لج َوا ِ‬ ‫ْال َﻔا ُء َر ِاب َط ٌة َ‬
‫ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ ‪) ،‬ا ْنﺻُرْ ﻩُ( ﻓِعْ ُﻝ‬
‫َم ْﻔع ُْو ٌﻝ ِب ِﻪ‬ ‫ار ٌﻉ َمجْ ُز ْو ٌم‬ ‫ُﺿ ِ‬ ‫ِﻓعْ ٌﻝ م َ‬ ‫َﺣرْ ﻑُ َﺷرْ طٍ‬
‫ﺃَمْ ٍر َم ْبنِﻲﱞ َﻋ َلﻰ ال ﱡﺳ ُﻛ ْو ِﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫َم ْنﺻ ُْوﺏٌ‬ ‫َو َﻋﻼ َم ُة َج ْز ِم ِﻪ َﺣ ْﺫﻑُ‬ ‫از ٌم َﻻ‬
‫َج ِ‬
‫ﺿ ِم ْي ٌر مُﺳْ َت ِت ٌر‬ ‫و َﻓاﻋِ لُ ُﻪ َ‬ ‫َو َﻋ َﻼ َم ُة‬ ‫َﺣرْ ﻑِ ْال ِعلﱠ ِة اﻻلﻑ‪،‬‬ ‫َم َﺣ ﱠﻝ َل ُﻪ م َِﻥ‬
‫ﺕ(‪.‬‬ ‫َنﺻْ ِب ِﻪ ْال َﻔ ْت َﺣ ُة وُ ج ُْوبًا‪َ ،‬ت ْﻘ ِد ْي ُرﻩُ )ﺃَ ْن َ‬ ‫والﻔتﺣة دليﻝ ﻋليﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ْاﻹﻋْ َرا ِ‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫ﺿ ِم ْي ٌر ُم ﱠتﺻِ ﱞﻝ‬ ‫َو ْال َها ُء َ‬ ‫ﺿ ِم ْي ٌر مُﺳْ َت ِت ٌر‬ ‫َو َﻓاﻋِ لُ ُﻪ َ‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫َم ْبنِﻲﱞ ﻓِﻲ َم َﺣ ﱢﻝ َنﺻْ ِ‬ ‫ﺕ(‬ ‫وُ ج ُْوبًا‪َ ،‬ت ْﻘ ِد ْي ُرﻩُ )ﺃَ ْن َ‬
‫َم ْﻔع ُْو ٍﻝ ِب ِﻪ‬
‫(‪»:‬إن َﺗ ُﺼ ْﻮ ُﻣ ْﻮا َﺗ ِﺼ ُّﺤ ْﻮا«‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ِﻪ َو َﺳّﻠ َ‬
‫َﻢ‬ ‫)ﺻَّﻠَﻰ ُ‬
‫اﷲ َﻋَﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َوآﻟ ِ‬ ‫ﷲ َ‬ ‫ِﻞ َوَأ ْﻋ ِﺮ ْب‪َ :‬ﻗ َ‬
‫ﺎل َر ُﺳ ْﻮ ُل ا ِ‬ ‫َﺣّﻠ ْ‬

‫‪١٣‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﱠ ْﻤ ِﺮ ْﻳﻨَﺎﺕُ‬
‫‪۱‬‬
‫الع َر ِب ﱠي ِة َوﺃَرْ َﻛا َنﻪُ‪،‬‬ ‫ْط َة َم َﻔا ِه ْي َم ُت ِبيﱢﻥُ ِﻓ ْي َها َن ْو َﻋﻲ ﺃُﺳْ لُ ْو ِ‬
‫ﺏ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ ﻓِﻲ اللﱡ َﻐ ِة َ‬ ‫ارْ ُﺳ ْم َﺧ ِري َ‬
‫از َمةِ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ ْال َج ِ‬ ‫َو ُم َﻔﺻ ًﱢﻼ ﻓِﻲ ﺃَدَ َوا ِ‬
‫‪۲‬‬
‫اﺕ‪ُ ،‬ث ﱠم ﺃَ ِجﺏْ َﻋ ِﻥ ْاﻷَﺳْ ِﺋ َل ِة الﱠتِﻲ َتلِ ْي َها‪:‬‬ ‫ا ْﻗ َر ِﺃ اﻷ ْب َي َ‬
‫َﻗا َﻝ ﺃمْ رُﺅُ ْال َﻘي ِ‬
‫ْﺱ‪:‬‬
‫ﺻـــرْ مِﻲ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺄَجْ مِــلِﻲ‬ ‫ﺕ َ‬ ‫َﻗ ْد ﺃَ ْز َمعْ ِ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ﺽ َه َﺫا ال ﱠتدَ لﱡ ِﻝ وﺇِﻥْ ُﻛ ْن ِ‬ ‫ﺃﻓاطِ ُم َمه ًْﻼ َبعْ َ‬
‫ﺏ‪َ ،‬ي ْﻔ َ‬
‫ــع ِﻝ‬ ‫وﺃَ ﱠنﻙِ َم ْه َما َتﺄْم ُِرﻱ ْال َﻘ ْل َ‬ ‫ﺃَ َﻏــــرﱠ ﻙِ ِم ﱢنـــﻲ ﺃَﻥﱠ ﺣُـــــبﱠﻙِ َﻗـــــا ِتلِــﻲ‬
‫َﻓﺳُــــلﱢﻲ ِث َي ِابﻲ ِمـــﻥْ ِث َي ِابﻙِ َت ْنﺳ ُِﻝ‬ ‫ﻙ َﻗ ْد َﺳــــا َء ْتﻙِ ِم ﱢنــــﻲ َﺧــــلِي َﻘ ٌة‪،‬‬ ‫وﺇِﻥْ َت ُ‬
‫اﻥ اﺳْ َت ْﺧ ِرجْ ُه َما‪َ ،‬و َبيﱢﻥْ َن ْو َﻋ ْي ُه َما‪َ ،‬و َمعْ َنا ُه َما‪.‬‬ ‫از َم َت ِ‬ ‫ﺕ ﻓِﻲ ْاﻷ ْب َيا ِ َ‬ ‫‪َ -١‬و َردَ ْ‬
‫ﺕ ﺃدَ ا َتا َﺷرْ طٍ َج ِ‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺇِﺣْ دَ ﻯ ﺃَدَ اتِﻲ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ ا ْﻗ َت َر َﻥ َج َوا ُب َها َب ْال َﻔا ِء اﺳْ َت ْﺧ ِرجْ ﻪُ‪َ ،‬و َبيﱢﻥْ َﺳ َب َ‬
‫ﺏ ا ْﻗ َت َرا ِن ِﻪ َب ْال َﻔا ِء‪،‬‬
‫ُث ﱠم ﺃَﻋْ ِر ْبﻪُ‪.‬‬
‫ِﺏ ِباللﱠ ْو ِﻥ ْاﻷﺣْ َم ِر‪.‬‬‫‪ -۳‬ﺃَﻋْ ِرﺏْ َما ُﻛت َ‬

‫‪۳‬‬
‫اﻍ ﺃدَ ا َة َﺷرْ طٍ ُم َناﺳِ َب ًة‪:‬‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﺿﻊْ ﻓِﻲ ال َﻔ َر ِ‬
‫ِق‪َ ،‬ي ِج ْد َترْ ِﺣ ْيبًا )اﺳْ ُم َﺷرْ طٍ َﻅرْ ﻑُ َم َﻛ ٍ‬
‫اﻥ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ ....... -١‬يﺳْ ُﻛﻥ الﺻﱠاد ُ‬
‫‪ُ ....... -2‬ت ْت ِﻘﻥْ َﻋ َم َل َﻙ‪َ ،‬ت َر َث َم َرﻩُ َﺳ ِر ْيعًا )اﺳْ ُم َﺷرْ طٍ َﻅرْ ﻑُ َز َم ٍ‬
‫اﻥ(‪.‬‬
‫‪َ ....... -۳‬ي ُﻛ ِﻥ ْاﻷهْ ﻝُ‪َ ،‬ي ُﻛ ِﻥ ْاﻷ ْوﻻ ُد )اﺳْ ُم َﺷرْ طٍ ِب َمعْ َنﻰ َﻋ َلﻰ ﺃَ ﱠي ِة َﺣ ٍ‬
‫اﻝ(‪.‬‬
‫ُﺿاﻑٌ (‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ َت ْن َهﺽْ ‪ ،‬ﺃَن َهﺽْ َم َع َﻙ )اﺳْ ُم َﺷرْ طٍ مُعْ َرﺏٌ م َ‬ ‫‪َ ....... -4‬و ْﻗ ٍ‬
‫ﺿرﱡ ْاﻷَرْ ﺽُ )اﺳْ ُم َﺷرْ طٍ َﻅرْ ﻑُ َم َﻛ ٍ‬
‫اﻥ ِﻓ ْي ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻑ َت ْﺧ َ‬
‫ﻓﺳ ْو َ‬ ‫‪َ ....... -٥‬ي ْهطِ ِﻝ ال َم َطرُ‪َ ،‬‬
‫) َما( َزاﺋِدَ ةٌ(‪.‬‬

‫‪١٤‬‬
 ‫‪٤‬‬
‫وج َوا َبﻪُ‪َ ،‬و َبيﱢﻥْ َن ْو َﻋ ْي ُه َما ُث ﱠم‬‫اﺳْ َت ْﺧ ِرﺝْ ﺃَدَ ا َة ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ َو َبيﱢﻥْ َمعْ َنا َها‪َ ،‬و ِﻓعْ َﻝ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ َ‬
‫ﺃَﻋْ ِر ْب ُه َما‪:‬‬
‫اﻋ ًة َﺣ َﺳ َن ًة‪َ ،‬ي ُﻛﻥْ َل ُﻪ َنﺻِ يﺏٌ ِم ْن َها« )ال ﱢن َﺳاءُ‪.(۸٥:‬‬ ‫‪َ -١‬ﻗا َﻝ َت َعا َلﻰ‪َ » :‬مﻥْ َي ْﺷ َﻔﻊْ َﺷ َﻔ َ‬
‫يﻥ«‬ ‫ﱠاب ِر َ‬
‫ﷲ َوﷲُ َم َﻊ الﺻ ِ‬ ‫ْﻥ ِبﺈِ ْﺫ ِﻥ ِ‬ ‫»وﺇِﻥْ َي ُﻛﻥْ من ُﻛ ْم ﺃَ ْلﻑٌ ‪َ ،‬ي ْﻐلِبُوا ﺃَ ْل َﻔي ِ‬ ‫‪َ -2‬ﻗا َﻝ َت َعا َلﻰ‪َ :‬‬
‫)اﻷَ ْن َﻔا َﻝ‪.(٦٦:‬‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﺕ« )ال ﱢن َﺳاء‪.(۷۸:‬‬ ‫‪َ -۳‬ﻗا َﻝ َت َعا َلﻰ‪» :‬ﺃَ ْي َن َما َت ُﻛ ْو ُن ْوا ي ُْد ِر ْﻛ ُﻛ ْم ْال َم ْو ُ‬
‫)ﻋ َليْﻪ الﺳﱠﻼ ُم(‪َ » :‬مﻥْ اﺳْ َت َب ﱠد ِب َر ْﺃ ِيﻪِ‪َ ،‬ه َل َﻙ‪َ .‬و َمﻥْ َﺷ َاو َر الرﱢ َجا َﻝ‪،‬‬ ‫‪َ -4‬ﻗا َﻝ ْاﻹ َما ُم َﻋلِﻲﱞ َ‬
‫ار َﻛ َها ﻓِﻲ ُﻋﻘُ ْولِ َها«‪.‬‬ ‫َﺷ َ‬
‫ﷲ الﱠ َﺫﻱ ﺇﻥْ ﻗُ ْل ُت ْم‪َ ،‬ﺳم َِﻊ‪َ ،‬وﺇِﻥْ ﺃَﺿْ َمرْ ُت ْم‪،‬‬ ‫)ﻋ َليْﻪ الﺳﱠﻼ ُم(‪» :‬ﺃ ﱡي َها ال ﱠناﺱُ ‪ ،‬ا ﱠتﻘُ ْوا َ‬ ‫‪َ -٥‬و َﻗا َﻝ َ‬
‫َﻋلِ َم«‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -٦‬ﻗا َﻝ ال ُم َت َنبﱢﻲﱡ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺇي َ‬
‫ْـــــﻼ ُم‬ ‫َمــــا لِـــجُرْ ٍﺡ ِبــــ َم ﱢي ٍ‬ ‫َمﻥْ َيهُﻥْ ‪َ ،‬يﺳْ ه ُِﻝ ال َه َواﻥُ َﻋ َليْـﻪ‬
‫‪َ -۷‬ﻗا َ َﻝ ال ﱠﺷاﻋِ رُ‪:‬‬
‫َل ْم ُت ْد ِرﻙِ ْاﻷم َْﻥ ِم ﱠنا َل ْم َت َز ْﻝ َﺣﺫ َِرا‬ ‫ّاﻥ ُن ْﺅ ِم ْن َﻙ‪َ ،‬تﺄ َمﻥْ َﻏي َْر َنا َوﺇِ َﺫا‬ ‫ﺃي َ‬
‫اﻝ َت ﱠد ِﺧرُوﻩُ‪َ ،‬ي ْن َﻔعْ ُﻛ ْم‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -۸‬ﺃَﻱﱡ َم ٍ‬
‫ﷲ‪َ ،‬ت ِج ْدﻩُ َﺳ ِم ْيعًا‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ -۹‬م َتﻰ َت ْد ُﻉ َ‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫ﺻﺣﱢ ِﺢ ْال َﺧ َطﺄ َ ﻓِﻲ ْال ُج َم ِﻝ اﻵ ِت َيةِ‪:‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻑ َي ِج ُدوﻩ َﺣاﺿِ رً ا‪.‬‬ ‫وﻥ‪َ ،‬ﺳ ْو َ‬ ‫‪َ -١‬م ْه َما َي َﻔعْ لُ َ‬
‫ْﻑ َتﺳْ َتﻘي ُم ﻓِﻲ َﺣ َياتِﻙ‪َ ،‬يﺳْ َتﻘ ْم ﺃَ ْب َنا َء َﻙ‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ -2‬ﻛي َ‬
‫‪ -۳‬ﺃَﻱﱡ م َُواطِ ٍﻥ َي َت َﻔا َنﻰ ﻓِﻲ َﺳ ِبي ِْﻝ ْال َو َطﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓيُﺣْ َت َر ْم‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ َﺧﺳْ َراﻥٌ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃ ْن َ‬‫‪ْ -4‬ﺇﺫ َما ت ْهد ِِر ْال َو ْﻗ َ‬
‫عاﻑ َﺳ ِر ْيعًا‪.‬‬‫ﻑ َت َت َ‬ ‫ْﻥ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺳ ْو َ‬‫‪ -٥‬ﺇِﻥْ ُت ْﻘلِ ُﻊ َﻋ ِﻥ ال ﱠت ْد ِﺧي ِ‬

‫‪١٥‬‬
 ‫‪٦‬‬
‫َﻋبﱢرْ َﻋ ِﻥ ْال َم َعانِﻲ ال ﱠتالِ َي ِة ب ُج َم ِﻝ َﺷرْ طٍ ُم ِﻔيْدَ ٍة َمﺿْ ب ُْو َط ٍة ِبال ﱠﺷ ْﻛ ِﻝ مُﺳْ َتعْ م ًِﻼ اﻷدَ ا َة‬
‫ْال ُم َناﺳِ َب َة‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺇِهْ َما ُﻝ ُدر ُْوﺳِ َﻙ‪َ ،‬وال ﱠندَ ُم َﻋ َلﻰ َﺫل َِﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ُﻙ ِبﺄ َ ْنﻅِ َم ِة ْال ُمر ُْو ِر‪ِ ،‬مﻥْ ﺃَجْ ِﻝ َﺳﻼ َمت َ‬
‫ِﻙ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ْ -2‬الت َِزام َ‬
‫ِﻙ؛ لِ ِﺣ ْﻔﻅِ ِﻪ ل ِْﻸَجْ َي ِ‬
‫اﻝ ْال ُم َت َعا ِﻗ َبةِ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ِ -۳‬ﺣ َما َي ُة ُت َرا ِ‬
‫ﺙ َو َطن َ‬
‫اﻋا ِة َم َﺷاﻋِ ِر ْاﻵ َﺧ ِري َْﻥ؛ لِي َُراﻋ ُْوا َم َﺷاﻋِ َر َﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼم ِب َل َبا َﻗةٍ‪َ ،‬وم َُر َ‬ ‫‪ُ -4‬نﺻْ ﺣ َ ْ‬
‫ُﻙ لِل َﻛ ِ‬

‫‪۷‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ْال ُج َم ِﻝ ال ﱠتالِ َي ِة َجا َء َج َواﺏُ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ مُرْ َت ِب ًطا ِبال َﻔاء‪َ ،‬بيﱢﻥْ َﺳ َب َ‬
‫ﺏ َﺫلِﻙ‪ُ ،‬ث ﱠم ﺃَﻋِ ْد ﺻِ َي َ‬
‫اﻏ َت َها‬
‫ﺕ ْال َﻼ ِز َمةِ‪:‬‬
‫ِمﻥْ ُد ْو ِﻥ ﺃﻥْ َترْ ِب َط َها ِب ْال َﻔا ِء َم َﻊ ﺇجْ َرا ِء ال ﱠت ْﻐ ِيي َْرا ِ‬
‫يﻥ ﺃَهْ ل َِﻙ وﺃ ُ ْﺧ َوت َ‬
‫ِﻙ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ ِب َ‬ ‫اق‪َ ،‬ﻓﺄ ْن َ‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺃ ﱠنﻰ ُت َﺳا ِﻓرْ ﻓِﻲ ُم ُد ِﻥ الع َِر ِ‬
‫ﱠﻙ‪.‬‬‫اﻙ‪َ ،‬ﻓاﺳْ َت ْﻐ ِﻔرْ َرب َ‬ ‫‪َ -2‬ﺣي ُْث َما َي ْﻐلِﺏْ َه َو َ‬
‫وﻑ َي ِج ُد َما َﺳ َعﻰ ﺇ َل ْيﻪِ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻥ َيﺳْ َﻊ ﺇِ َلﻰ ال ﱠﺷرﱢ ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺳ َ‬ ‫‪ -۳‬ﺃَﻱﱡ ﺇ ْن َﺳ ٍ‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺇﻥْ َو َز َﻥ ْاﻹ ْن َﺳاﻥُ ْاﻷُم ُْو َر ِب َع ْﻘلِﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ ْد َنا َﻝ ُم ْب َت َﻐاﻩُ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٦‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺪ ْر ُس اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬اﻷ َد ُب‬
‫َّ‬

‫ﺳ ِﻤ ْﻴ ُﺢ ﺍﻟﻘَ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺳﻢ‬ ‫َ‬

‫ِييﻥ المُعاﺻِ ري َْﻥ َوﺃَ ْﺷ َه ِرهِم‪،‬‬ ‫هو ﺃَ َﺣ ُد ﺃَ َه ﱢم ال ﱡﺷ َعرا ِء ال ِﻔلﺳْ طِ ْين َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ور ِة َو ْال ُم َﻘ َاو َمةِ‪ ،‬وُ لِدَ ل َِعا ِﺋ َل ٍة دَ رْ ِز ﱠي ٍة ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫الث َ‬ ‫ارْ َت َب َط اﺳْ ُم ُﻪ ِبﺷِ عر ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬
‫الزر َﻗا ِء ﻋام ‪١۹۳۹‬م‪ُ ،‬ﺳ ِج َﻥ َﻏي َْر َمرﱠ ةٍ‪َ ،‬ﻛ َما وُ ﺿِ َﻊ َرهْ َﻥ‬ ‫َم ْد َين ِة ﱠ‬
‫ط ِردَ ِمﻥْ َﻋ َملِ ِﻪ َمرﱠ ا ٍ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫اﻝ ْال َم ْنزلِﻲﱢ ‪َ ،‬و ُ‬ ‫اﻹِ َﻗا َم ِة ْال َجب ِْر ﱠي ِة َواﻻﻋْ ت َﻘ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺏ َن َﺷاطِ ِﻪ ال ﱢﺷعْ ِرﻱﱢ ‪َ ،‬والﺳﱢياﺳِ ﻲﱢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋِ ﱠد ًة ِب َﺳ َب ِ‬
‫اﺡ ال ِﻔ َلﺳْ طِ ي ْنييﻥ َوم َُعانات ِِهم‪َ .‬‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﺻدَ َر‬ ‫َوه َُو َﺷاﻋِ ٌر ُم ْﻛ ِث ٌر َي َت َﺣ ﱠدﺙ ﻓِﻲ ﺷِ عْ ِر ِﻩ َﻋﻥْ ِﻛ َﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺻةِ‪َ ،‬و ْال َمﺳْ َر ِﺡ‪َ ،‬و ْال َمﻘا َلةِ‪َ ،‬وال ﱠت َ‬
‫رج َمةِ‪ُ .‬ت ِو ّﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻛ َث ُر ِمﻥْ ﺳِ ﱢتي َْﻥ ِﻛ َتابًا ﻓِﻲ ال ﱢﺷعْ ِر‪َ ،‬وال ِﻘ ﱠ‬ ‫َل ُﻪ ْ‬
‫اﻝ ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠتاﺳِ َﻊ َﻋ َﺷ َر ِمﻥْ ﺃَ ُﻏﺳْ طِ ﺱْ ‪20١4‬م‪.‬‬ ‫ُﺿ ٍ‬ ‫ﺽﻋ َ‬ ‫ﻋلﻰ ﺇِ ْث ِر َم َر ٍ‬
‫ﺎت()ل ِْل ِﺣ ْﻔﻅِ ( )الﻰ‪َ ..‬و َلو ﺃَ ْت َعب ُْـوا َزهْ َر َها( ‪.‬‬ ‫)ﻗ َﺴ َﻤ ٌ‬ ‫َﻗﺻِ يْدَ ةُ َ‬
‫ــــﺎﻟــﺼ ُﺨ ِ‬
‫ﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫َﻋـــــــــ ِﻨ ْﻴ ٌﺪ ﺃَ َﻧـــــــــﺎ َﻛ‬
‫ـــــــــﺎﻭﻟـــــــﻮﺍ َﻋ ْﺼـــ َﺮ َﻫــــﺎ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺇِ َﺫﺍ َﺣ‬
‫ﱡ‬
‫ـــﺎﻟــــــﻨ ُﺴ ْﻮ ِﺭ‬ ‫ـــــــــﺎﺱ ﺃَ َﻧــــــﺎ َﻛ‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫َﻭ َﻗ‬
‫ـــــﻬ َﺮ َﻫـــــــــﺎ‬‫ــــــﺎﻭﻟﻮﺍ َﻗ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺇِ َﺫﺍ َﺣ‬
‫ــــﻠ ٌﺐ ﺃَ َﻧــــــﺎ َﻛ ْ‬
‫ــــــﺎﻟ ُﺠ ُﺴ ْﻮ ِﺭ‬ ‫ﺻ ْ‬ ‫َﻭ ُ‬
‫ـــــــــﻬ َﺮ َﻫـــــﺎ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ﺇِ َﺫﺍ ْﺃﺛ َﻘﻠـــــــﻮﺍ َﻇ‬
‫ْﻦ ﺃَ ُﺛ ْ‬
‫ـــــﻮ ُﺭ‬ ‫َﻭ ِﺣــــــﻴ َ‬
‫ــــﻲ ِﺳــــ ﱠﺮ َﻫـﺎ!‬ ‫ْﻦ ﻟِ َ‬ ‫ُﺗ ِﻌ ْﻴ ُﺪ ْﺍﻟﺒَﺮﺍ ِﻛﻴ ُ‬
‫ــــﺎﻟـــﺴ َﻨ ِﺎﺑ ْﻞ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱢﺐ‪َ ..‬ﻛ‬ ‫َﻭﻟ ِﻜ ﱠﻨ ِﻨـــﻲ َﻃﻴ ٌ‬
‫ﺇِ َﺫﺍ َﻧ َﺸﺪﻭﺍ َﺧﻴـْ َﺮ َﻫﺎ!‬
‫ـــــﺢ ﺃَ َﻧــــــﺎ َﻛ ْ‬
‫ــــــﺎﻟ َﺨ َﻤﺎ ِﺋ ْﻞ‬ ‫َﻭ َﺳ ْﻤ ٌ‬
‫ُـﻮﺍ َﺯ ْﻫ َﺮ َﻫﺎ‬ ‫َﻭﻟَﻮ ﺃَ ْﺗ َﻌﺒ ْ‬
‫ﺎء ْﺍﻟــــ َﻤﻌَﺎ ِﻣ ْ‬
‫ـــﻞ‬ ‫َﻭ ِﻋ ْﻨـ ِﺪﻱ َﺳ َ‬
‫ــــﺨ ُ‬
‫ــﻊ َﻛ َﻔ ﱠﻲ‬
‫ﺻ ِﺎﺑ ِ‬ ‫ْﻦ ﺃَ َ‬‫َﻭ َﺑﻴ َ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻭ ْﻝ!‬ ‫َﻔ ْﺘ ِﻨ َﻲ َ‬‫ْﻞ– ﺇ َﺫﺍ ﺃَ ْﺳﻌ َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫َﻣ َﻌﺎﻧِﻲ ﺍ ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻔﺮ َﺩﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫‪-‬ﺟـ َﺪ ِ‬ ‫َﺗ ِﺴﻴ ِ‬
‫ُﻮ ِﻥ‬‫َﻭﺃَ ْﻏ ِﻔ ُﺮ َﺫ ْﻧ َﺐ ﺍﻟ ُﻌﻴ ْ‬
‫َﺳمْ ﺢٌ‪ُ :‬م َت َﺳا ِمﺢٌ‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْﻏﻔ ُر لِ َمﻥْ ﺃَ َﺳا َء لِﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺇِ َﺫﺍ ﺃَﻳ َْﻘ َﻈ ْﺖ ِﺳ ْﺤ َﺮ َﻫﺎ‬
‫َﺳ َﺧاءٌ‪َ :‬ﻛ َر ٌم‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎﺯ ْﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸــــ ُﺮ َﻓ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺕ ُﺗ َﻐ ِ‬
‫ﺍﺣ ْﺖ ِﻣ َﻦ ﱡ‬ ‫َﻭ َﺭ َ‬
‫اﺕ‪ :‬ال ﱠنواﻓ ُِﺫ‪.‬‬ ‫ال ﱡﺷ ُر َﻓ ُ‬ ‫َﻭﺃَ ْﻏﻔ ُﺮ َﺫ ْﻧ َﺐ ْﺍﻟ َﺠ َﺪﺍ ِﺋ ْﻞ‬
‫ﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ‪ :‬اﺳْ َت َمرﱠ ْ‬ ‫اﺳْ َترْ َﺳ َل ْ‬ ‫ــﺠ ْ‬
‫ﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳ َﺘ ْﺮﺳـــَﻠَ ْﺖ ِﻓـــﻲ ْﺍﻟ ُﻤ ُ‬ ‫ﺇِ َﺫﺍ ْ‬
‫ْال ُمج ُْوﻥُ ‪ :‬الﻔُﺳ ُْو ُق َو ْال َﻔ َﺳا ُد‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎء ْﺕ ُﺗ َ‬
‫ـــــﻘﺎ ِﺗ ْﻞ!‬ ‫َﻭ َﺷ َ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﱠ ْﺤﻠِ ْﻴ ُﻞ‬

‫ْﺢ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫الﺣمَاﺳِ ﱠي ِة لِل ﱠﺷاﻋِ ِر ال ِﻔ َلﺳْ طِ ْينِﻲﱢ َﺳ ِمي ِ‬ ‫ﺻا ِﺋ ِد َ‬ ‫اﺕ( ِمﻥْ ﺃَرْ َو ِﻉ ال َﻘ َ‬ ‫ُت َع ﱡد َﻗﺻِ يْدَ ةُ ) َﻗ َﺳ َم ٌ‬
‫ﱢ‬
‫الﺣﻘِي ِﻘ ﱠي َة‬
‫اﻥ‪َ ،‬و َتعْ ﻛِﺱُ اﻹِ َرادَ َة َ‬ ‫ار ﻓِﻲ اﻹِ ْن َﺳ ِ‬ ‫ال َﻘاﺳِ م‪ ،‬الﱠتِﻲ ُت َمث ُﻝ ر ُْو َﺡ ْال ُم َﻘ َاو َم ِة َواﻹِﺻْ َر ِ‬
‫ْﺱ ِبالﺳﱢﻼﺡ َﻓ َﺣﺳﺏْ ‪َ ،‬ب ْﻝ ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫ﻻﻥ البَاطِ ِﻝ َلي َ‬ ‫اﻉ َﻋﻥ ْال َﺣ ﱢق َو ُنﺻْ َر ِتﻪِ‪َ ،‬و ُﺧ ْﺫ ِ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ ال ﱢد َﻓ ِ‬
‫ﺱ‪.‬‬ ‫العز ْي َم ِة الﺻﱠا ِد َﻗةِ‪َ ،‬و ﱢ‬
‫الث َﻘ ِة ِبال ﱠن ْﻔ ِ‬ ‫َ ِ‬
‫ﺙ َﻋ ِﻥ اﻹِ َرادَ ةِ‪،‬‬ ‫َي ﱠتﺧ ُِﺫ ال ﱠﺷاﻋِ ُر ِمﻥْ َن ْﻔﺳِ ِﻪ الﱠتِﻲ ي َُع ﱢب ُر َﻋ ْن َها ِبـ)ﺃَ َنا( ْال َوﺳِ ْي َل َة ل َ‬
‫ِلﺣ ِد ْي ِ‬
‫اﻥ ﻓِﻲ م َُجاب َه ِت ِﻪ لِﻸَﻋْ دَ ا ِء‪َ .‬و ُي َم ﱢث ُﻝ ُﻋ َن ْواﻥُ ْال َﻘﺻِ يْدَ ِة‬ ‫َو ْالﻘُ َوةِ‪َ ،‬و ﱢ‬
‫الث َﻘةِ‪َ ،‬و ْال َع ِز ْي َم ِة ﻋِ ْندَ اﻹِ ْن َﺳ ِ‬
‫ِﻼﻝ َوﺻْ ﻑِ ال ﱠﺷاﻋِ ِر َﻗ َﺳ َما ِتﻪِ‪،‬‬ ‫الﺣماﺳِ ﻲﱠ الﱠﺫِﻱ َي ْن َعﻛِﺱُ ِمﻥْ ﺧ ِ‬ ‫عور َ‬ ‫اﺕ( ﺫل َِﻙ ال ﱡﺷ َ‬ ‫) َﻗ َﺳ َم ٌ‬
‫ﺻ َﻔةِ‪َ ،‬ﻓه َُو َﻋ ِن ْي ٌد‬ ‫ﺃَ ْو َمﻼ ِم ِﺣ ِﻪ ِب َت ْﺷ ِبي ِْه َها ِب َما َي َت َوا َﻓ ُق َم َﻊ الﺻ َﱡور ِة ْال َمرْ ﺳ َُو َم ِة لت ِْل َﻙ ال ﱢ‬
‫اﺱ َﻛال ﱡنﺳ ُْو ِر ﺇِﺫا َما‬ ‫ﱡﺧور َﺇﺫا َﺣ َاولوا َﻋﺻْ َر َها َبالﻘُوﱠ ِة ﻻ َتﺳْ َت ِجيْﺏُ ﺃَ َب ًدا‪َ ،‬وه َُو َﻗ ٍ‬ ‫َﻛ ْالﺻ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫اﻥ‪َ ،‬ول ِﻛ ﱠن ُﻪ‬‫َﺣاَو َﻝ ﺃَﻥْ َي ْﻘ َه َرﻩُ ﺃَ َﺣ ٌد‪َ ،‬وه َُو َﻛ ْال ُجﺳ ُْو ِر َي َتﺣ ﱠم ُﻝ اﻷ ْث َﻘا َﻝ‪َ ،‬و ِﺣي َْﻥ َي ُث ْو ُر َﻛ ْالبُر َﻛ ِ‬
‫الﺧ َماﺋ ِِﻝ َو َلو ﺃَ ْت َعبوا َزهْ َر َها‪َ ،‬وه َُو َﺳﺧِﻲﱞ‬ ‫ﺕ َن ْﻔﺳِ ِﻪ َطيﱢﺏٌ َﻛال ﱠﺳ َن ِاب ِﻝ‪َ ،‬و َﺳ ْم ٌﺢ َﻛ َ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ ْال َو ْﻗ ِ‬
‫اﻥ اﻷَمْ َث ِﻝ‪ ،‬الﱠﺫﻱ َيعْ ِرﻑُ‬ ‫ﺕ اﻹِ ْن َﺳ ِ‬ ‫ِﻼﻝ هﺫِﻩ ِْال َﻘﺻِ يْدَ ِة َبي َﱠﻥ ﺻِ َﻔا ِ‬ ‫داو ِﻝ‪َ .‬ﻓه َُو ِمﻥْ ﺧ ِ‬ ‫َﻛ ْال َج ِ‬
‫ﺿﺏُ ‪َ ،‬و َم َتﻰ َيلِيْﻥُ ‪َ ،‬ويُعْ طِ ﻲ لِ ُﻛ ﱢﻝ ْال َمواﻗِﻑِ َﺣ ﱠﻘ َها‪.‬‬ ‫َم َتﻰ َي ْﻐ َ‬

‫ﺃَ ْ‬
‫ﺳﺌِﻠَﺔُ ﺍ ْﻟ ُﻤﻨَﺎﻗَ َ‬
‫ﺸ ِﺔ‪:‬‬
‫الط ِبي َْع ِة ﻓِﻲ َوﺻْ ﻑِ َن ْﻔﺳِ ﻪِ‪َ ،‬و َﺳ َجا َياﻩ ُْالم ُْﺧتلِ َﻔةِ؟ َوﺿﱢﺢْ‬ ‫‪َ -١‬ه ْﻝ ﺃَ َﻓادَ ال ﱠﺷاﻋِ ُر ِمﻥْ َم َﻅاهِر ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺫل َِﻙ؟‬
‫ﺻ ُد َﻓ َﻘ ْط‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْم َﻏ ْي ُرﻩُ ﺃ َيﺿًا؟ َوﺿﱢﺢْ ﺫل َِﻙ‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ -2‬ﻛرﱠ َر ْال ﱠﺷاﻋِ ُر )ﺃَ َنا( َﻛ ِثيْرً ا ﻓِﻲ َﻗﺻيدتﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃ َن ْﻔ ُﺳ ُﻪ َﻛ َ‬
‫اﻥ َي ْﻘ ُ‬

‫‪١٨‬‬
 ‫ْﺍﻟ َﻮ ْﺣ َﺪ ُﺓ ْﺍﻟ َﺤﺎ ِﺩﻳ َ‬
‫َﺔ َﻋ ْﺸ َﺮ َﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮ َﻃ ُﻦ‬
‫َ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﱠ ْﻤ ِﻬ ْﻴ ُﺪ‬

‫ﺿ ﱡم ﺃَ ْب َنا َءﻩُ‪َ ،‬و َيﺻ ُْوﻥُ َﻛ َرا َم َت ُه ْم‪.‬‬ ‫ﻼﺫ ْاﻵمِﻥُ الﱠﺫِﻱ َي ُ‬ ‫ﺏ َوالرﱡ ْوﺡ‪َ ،‬و ْال َم ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ْال َوطﻥُ َم ْل َجﺄ ُ ْال َﻘ ْل ِ‬
‫الﺫﻱْ َتﺳْ ُﻛﻥُ ﺇِل ْي ِﻪ ال ﱠن ْﻔﺱُ َو َترْ َتا ُﺡ‬ ‫َو ْال َو َطﻥُ َم ْﻔه ُْو ٌم َواﺳِ ٌﻊ ِبا ﱢت َﺳاﻉ ْال َﺣ َياةِ‪َ ،‬ﻓه َُو ْال َم َﻛاﻥُ ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ْﻥ َوال ﱠتﺿْ ِﺣ َيةِ؛ َﻓ ُﺣبﱡﻪ ﻓ ِْط َرة ٌﺇِ ْن َﺳا ِني ٌْة‪َ ،‬و ِﺣ َما َي ُت ُﻪ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫َو َتهْدﺃ‪َ ،‬وه َُو ﺃَ ْو َلﻰ ْاﻷ َماﻛ ِ‬
‫ِﻥ ِب ْالﺣُﺏﱢ َو ْال َﺣ ِني ِ‬
‫اﻥ َﻻ‬ ‫َوا ِجﺏٌ َﻋ َلﻰ َج ِمي ِْﻊ ﺃَ ْب َنا ِﺋﻪِ؛ َﻓه َُو ﺃَ ْﻏ َلﻰ م َِﻥ الرﱡ ْو ِﺡ َوال ﱢد َما ِء َو ْاﻷَ ْب َنا ِء؛ ِﻷَﻥﱠ ْاﻹِ ْن َﺳ َ‬
‫ِﻲ‬‫ﻅ ْو َﻅ ُة ه َ‬ ‫ﻅ َل ُﻪ َﻛرا َم َت ُﻪ َو َه ْي َب َتﻪُ‪َ .‬و ْاﻷَ ْو َطاﻥُ ْال َمﺣْ ُ‬ ‫ْﺵ ِمﻥْ ُد ْو ِﻥ َو َط ٍﻥ َيﺣْ َﻔ ُ‬ ‫َيﺳْ َتطِ ْي ُﻊ ْال َعي َ‬
‫ْﻥ َﻛا ﱠﻓ ًة‪َ ،‬ﻛ ْاﻷَمْ ِﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ت ِْل َﻙ الﱠتِﻲ َيﺣْ ِرﺹُ ﺃَبْناﺅُ َها َﻋ َل ْي َها‪َ ،‬و َﻋ َلﻰ ِر ْﻓ َع ِة َﺷﺄ ِن َها ﻓِﻲ ْال َميا َ ِدي ِ‬
‫ِﺻادِ؛ ِﻷَﻥﱠ ﻓﻲ ِر ْﻓ َع ِة‬ ‫ﱢياﺳةِ‪َ ،‬و ْاﻻ ْﻗت َ‬‫ارةِ‪َ ،‬وال ﱠتعْ لِي ِْم‪َ ،‬والﺻﱢﺣﱠ ةِ‪َ ،‬والﺳ َ‬ ‫اﻋةِ‪َ ،‬وال ﱢت َج َ‬ ‫ﺻ َن َ‬ ‫َوال ﱢ‬
‫ْال َو َط ِﻥ ِر ْﻓ َع َتهُم‪.‬‬

‫ﻀ ﱠﻤﻨَﺔُ‬
‫ﺍ ْﻟ َﻤﻔَﺎ ِﻫ ْﻴ ُﻢ ﺍ ْﻟ ُﻤﺘَ َ‬

‫َم َﻔا ِه ْي ُم َو َط ِني ٌﱠة ‪.‬‬

‫َم َﻔا ِه ْي ُم لُ َﻐ ِوي ٌﱠة ‪.‬‬
‫َم َﻔا ِه ْي ُم ﺃَدَ ِبي ٌﱠة ‪.‬‬
‫َم َﻔا ِه ْي ُم َترْ َب ِوي ٌﱠة‪.‬‬

‫َﻣﺎ ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ﱢ‬
‫ﺺ‬
‫‪َ -‬ما َيعْ نِﻲ َل َﻙ ْال َو َطﻥُ ؟‬
‫ِﻙ‪َ ،‬و َتجْ َعلُ َﻙ َت ْﺷ ُع ُر ِب ْاﻻ ْن ِت َما ِء ؟‬ ‫ط الﱠتِﻲ ُت َﻘوﱢ ﻱ ﺻِ َل َت َﻙ ِب َو َطن َ‬ ‫‪َ -‬ما الرﱠ َو ِاب ُ‬
‫اﻉ َو ْال َه ْد ِم ؟‬ ‫ِﻅ َﻋ َلﻰ َو َط ِن َنا م َِﻥ ال ﱠ‬ ‫ْﻑ ُن َﺣاﻓ ُ‬ ‫‪َ -‬ﻛي َ‬
‫ﺿ َي ِ‬

‫‪١٩‬‬
 ‫اﻷو ُل‪ :‬اﻟ ُﻤ َﻄﺎ َﻟ َﻌ ُﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺪ ْر ُس َّ‬
‫َّ‬

‫ﺿﺎ َءﺓٌ‬
‫ﺇ َ‬
‫اﻥ َﻋمْ رُو ِبﻥُ َبﺣْ ِر ْال ِﻛ َنانِﻲﱡ ْال َبﺻْ ِرﻱﱡ ‪ ،‬وُ لِدَ َﻋام ‪١٥۹‬‬ ‫هو ﺃَب ُْو ﻋ ُْث َم َ‬ ‫ِﻅ َ‬ ‫ْال َجاﺣ ُ‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺏ ﻓﻲ ْال َعﺻْ ِر ْال َعبﱠاﺳِ ﻲﱢ ‪َ .‬ن َﺷﺄ َ َﻓ ِﻘيْرً ا‪َ ،‬ولُ ﱢﻘ َ‬‫ار ﺃَ ِﺋ ﱠم ِة َاﻷَدَ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِهجْ ِر ﱠي َة‪ .‬ﺃ ِديْﺏٌ َﻋ َربﻲﱞ ِمﻥْ ِﻛ َب ِ‬
‫ﻑ َﻋ ْن ُﻪ ِﺧ ﱠﻔ ُة الرﱡ ْو ِﺡ‪َ ،‬و َم ْيلُ ُﻪ ﺇلِﻰ ْال َه َز ِﻝ‬ ‫)ال َجاﺣِﻅِ (؛ ﻷﻥﱠ مﻘلتيﻪ بارزتاﻥ‪ .‬ﻋ ُِر َ‬ ‫ِبـ ْ‬
‫)الب َُﺧﻼءُ(‪ُ ،‬ت ِو ﱢﻓ َﻲ ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫)ال َﺣ َيواﻥُ (‪َ ،‬و ْ‬ ‫َو ْالﻔُ َﻛا َهةِ‪ِ .‬مﻥْ ﺃَ ْﺷ َه ِر م َُﺅلﱠ َﻔا ِتﻪِ‪ْ :‬‬
‫)ال َب َياﻥُ َوال ﱠتب ِْييْﻥُ (‪َ ،‬و ْ‬
‫ْال َبﺻْ َر ِة َﻋام ‪ِ 2٥٥‬هجْ ِر ﱠي َة‪.‬‬
‫اﻷ ْو َﻃ ِ‬
‫ﺎن(‬ ‫ﻴﻦ ِإ َﻟﻰ ْ َ‬ ‫ِﻦ ِر َﺳﺎ َﻟ ِﺔ )ا ْﻟ َﺤ ْﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﻣْ‬
‫ِﻅ‪ِ » :‬مﻥْ َﻋ َﻼ َم ِة الرﱡ ْﺷ ِد ﺃَﻥْ َت ُﻛ ْو َﻥ ال ﱠن ْﻔﺱُ ﺇِ َلﻰ َم ْولِ ِد َها ُم ْﺷ َتا َﻗ ًة‪َ ،‬وﺇ َلﻰ َمﺳْ َﻘطِ‬ ‫َﻗا َﻝ ْال َجاﺣ ُ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﻙ ِم ْن ُه َما َوﺃَ ْن َ‬ ‫ْﻙ؛ ِﻷَﻥﱠ ﻏِ َﺫا َء َ‬ ‫ْﻙ َﻛﺣُرْ َم ِة ﺃَ َب َوي َ‬ ‫ِﻙ َﻋ َلي َ‬ ‫اﻗة‪َ .‬و َﻗ ْد ِﻗ ْي َﻝ‪ :‬ﺣُرْ َم ُة َب َلد َ‬ ‫َرﺃﺳِ َها َتوﱠ ً‬
‫ﺕ َما َءﻩُ‪َ ،‬و َطع َ‬
‫ُمْﺕ‬ ‫ﺿعْ َ‬ ‫ِﻙ ﺇِ َل ْي ِﻪ َب َل ٌد َر َ‬
‫ﺻ َبا َبت َ‬
‫اﻥ ِب َ‬ ‫َج ِنيْﻥٌ ‪َ ،‬وﻏِ َﺫا َء ُه َما ِم ْن ُﻪ ‪َ ...‬وﺃَ ْو َلﻰ ْالب ُْلدَ ِ‬
‫اﻥ ُي َﻘاﻝُ‪ :‬ﺃَرْ ﺽُ الرﱠ ج ُِﻝ ﻅِ ْﺋ ُرﻩُ‪َ ،‬ودَ ا ُرﻩُ َم ْه ُدﻩُ‪َ ،‬و ْال َﻐ ِريْﺏُ ال ﱠناﺋِﻲ َﻋﻥْ َب َل ِد ِﻩ‬ ‫ﻏِ َﺫا َءﻩُ‪َ .‬و َﻛ َ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ور ال ﱠنا ﱢد َﻋﻥْ َو َط ِن ِﻪ‬ ‫ْال ُم ْن َتﺣِﻲ َﻋﻥْ ﺃهْ لِﻪِ‪َ ،‬ﻛالث ِ‬
‫ﺁﺧرُ‪:‬‬ ‫ْﺻة‪ ،‬و َﻗا َﻝ َ‬ ‫هو لِ ُﻛ ﱢﻝ َر ٍام َﻗ ِني َ‬ ‫الﱠ ِﺫﻱْ َ‬
‫ﺺ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ ﺃ ْﺛﻨَﺎ ِء ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ﱢ‬
‫ْال َﻛ ِر ْي ُم َيﺣِﻥﱡ ﺇِ َلﻰ َج َن ِابﻪِ‪َ ،‬ﻛ َما َيﺣِﻥﱡ ْاﻷَ َﺳ ُد ﺇِ َلﻰ‬
‫ﺕ َﻗ ْو َلﻪ‪ِ ) :‬مﻥْ َﻋﻼ َم ِة‬ ‫َه ْﻝ َﻻ َﺣ ْﻅ َ‬ ‫ﺻ َبا َت ْﻐ ِرﺱُ‬ ‫ﺁﺧرُ‪ُ :‬ترْ َب ُة ال ﱢ‬ ‫َﻏ ِاب ِﻪ ‪ ...‬و َﻗا َﻝ َ‬
‫ﻛوﻥ ال ﱠن ْﻔﺱُ ﺇِ َلﻰ َم ْولِ ِد َها‬ ‫ﺏ ﺣُرْ َم ًة َو َﺣ َﻼ َو ًة‪َ ،‬ﻛ َما َت ْﻐ ِرﺱُ الرﱡ ْﺷ ِد ﺃَﻥْ َت َ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ ْال َﻘ ْل ِ‬
‫ُم ْﺷ َتا َﻗة‪َ ،‬وﺇ َلﻰ َمﺳْ َﻘطِ َرﺃﺳِ َها َتوﱠ اﻗة(؟‬ ‫ﺁﺧرُ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺏ ِر ﱠﻗ ًة َو َﺣ َﻔ َاو ًة‪َ .‬و َﻗا َﻝ َ‬ ‫ْال ِو َﻻدَ ةُ ﻓِﻲ ْال َﻘ ْل ِ‬
‫ار‬‫ْﻥ ِب َت ْﻛ َر ِ‬‫ْﻑ ﺃ ْن َهﻰ ْال ُج ْم َل َتي ِ‬ ‫َو َﻛي َ‬ ‫ار ِﻩ َﻓ ْاﻹ ْن َﺳاﻥُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻥ الطا ِﺋ ُر َيﺣِﻥﱡ ﺇِ َلﻰ ﺃ ْو َﻛ ِ‬
‫ﺇِ َﺫا َﻛ َ ﱠ‬
‫وال َﻘاﻑ‪َ ،‬وال ﱠتاء(‪،‬‬ ‫الﺣروﻑِ )اﻷلﻑ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ْﻥ ﺇِ َلﻰ ﺃَ ْو َطا ِنﻪِ‪ .‬و َﻗا َل ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﺕ ْال ُﺣ َﻛ َماءُ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃَ َﺣ ﱡق ِب ْال َﺣ ِني ِ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫اﺳْ َت ْﺧ ِرﺝْ م َِﻥ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ ُج َم ًﻼ َت َﻛرﱠ َر ْ‬
‫ﺏ م َِﻥ‬ ‫ْال َﺣ ِنيْﻥُ ِمﻥْ ِر ﱠﻗ ِة ْال َﻘ ْلﺏِ‪َ ،‬و ِر ﱠﻗ ُة ْال َﻘ ْل ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ُ ﺃﺣْ رُﻑُ َﻛلِ َما ِت َها اﻷ ِﺧي َْرةُ‪ ،‬ث ﱠم ا ْنﺳُجْ َم َﻊ‬
‫ً‬ ‫الرﱢ َﻋا َيةِ‪َ ،‬والرﱢ َﻋا َي ُة م َِﻥ الرﱠ ﺣْ َمةِ‪َ ،‬والرﱠ ﺣْ َمة‬
‫َ‬ ‫ً‬
‫ِﻙ ُج َمﻼ ُم ِﻔيْدَ ة َﻋلﻰ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫مُدَ رﱢ ﺳِ َﻙ َوز َمﻼﺋ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ار ِة‬‫ِمﻥْ َﻛ َر ِم ْالﻔ ِْط َرةِ‪َ ،‬و َﻛ َر ُم ْالﻔ ِْط َر ِة ِمﻥْ َط َه َ‬
‫ِمن َوالِ َها‪.‬‬

‫‪٢٠‬‬
‫ِﻙ ِمﻥْ َﻛ َر ِم‬ ‫ﺁﺧرُ‪َ :‬م ْيلُ َﻙ ﺇِ َلﻰ َم ْولِد َ‬ ‫ارةُ ْالرﱡ ْﺷدَ ة ِ ِمﻥْ َﻛ َر ِم المُﺣْ َت ﱢد‪َ .‬و َﻗا َﻝ َ‬ ‫الرﱡ ْﺷدَ ةِ‪َ ،‬و َط َه َ‬
‫ﺁﺧرُ‪:‬‬ ‫ِﻙ‪َ .‬و َﻗا َﻝ َ‬ ‫ار َﻙ ﺃَ َﻋ ﱡز ِمﻥْ يُﺳْ ِر َﻙ ﻓِﻲ ُﻏرْ َبت َ‬ ‫ُﻙ ﻓِﻲ دَ ِ‬ ‫ﺁﺧرُ‪ :‬ﻋُﺳْ ر َ‬ ‫مﺣْ َت ﱢد َﻙ‪َ .‬و َﻗا َﻝ َ‬
‫ﺿرُ‪.‬‬ ‫او َﻻ ي ُْث ِمرُ‪َ ،‬و َﺫ ِاب ٌﻝ َﻻ َي ْن ُ‬ ‫ﺷرْ َبﻪُ‪َ ،‬ﻓه َُو َﺫ ٍ‬ ‫ﺿﻪُ‪َ ،‬و َﻓ َﻘدَ ُ‬ ‫ﺱ الﱠﺫِﻱ َزا َي َﻝ ﺃَرْ َ‬ ‫ْال َﻐ ِريْﺏُ َﻛ ْال َﻐرْ ِ‬
‫اط‪ :‬يُدَ َاوﻯ‬ ‫الو َط ِﻥ؛ َول َِﺫل َِﻙ َﻗا َﻝ ِب ْﻘ َر ُ‬ ‫َو َﻗا َﻝ َبعْ ﺽُ ْال َﻔ َﻼﺳِ َﻔةِ‪ :‬ﻓ ِْط َرة ُالرﱠ ج ُِﻝ َمعْ ج ُْو َن ٌة ِبﺣُﺏﱢ َ‬
‫الط ِبي َْع َة َت َت َطلﱠ ُﻊ لِ َهوا ِﺋ َها‪َ ،‬و َت ْن َز ُﻉ ﺇِ َلﻰ ﻏِ َﺫا ِﺋ َها‪َ ،‬و َﻗا َﻝ‬ ‫ُﻛ ﱡﻝ َﻋلِي ٍْﻝ ِب َع َﻘا ِﻗيْر ﺃَرْ ﺿِ ﻪِ؛ َﻓﺈﻥﱠ ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬
‫الط ِبي َْع ِة ِمﻥْ ﺃَ ْن َج ِﻊ ﺃَ ْد ِو َي ِت َها‪َ ،‬و َﻗا َﻝ َجالِ ْي ُن ْوﺱُ ‪َ :‬ي َت َروﱠ ُﺡ ْال َعلِ ْي ُﻝ ِب َنﺳِ ي ِْم‬ ‫ﺇِ ْﻓ َﻼ َط ْوﻥُ ‪ :‬ﻏِ َﺫا ُء ﱠ‬
‫اﺱ ِبﺄ َ ْو َطان ِِه ْم ﺃَ ْﻗ َن ُﻊ‬ ‫ﺃَرْ ﺿِ ِﻪ َﻛ َما َت َت َروﱠ ُﺡ اﻷَرْ ﺽُ ْال َج ْد َب ُة ِب َب َل ِﻝ ْال َﻘ ْط ِر ‪َ ....‬و َو َج ْد َنا ال ﱠن َ‬
‫اﻋ َت ُه ْم ِبﺄ َ ْو َطان ِِه ْم‪،‬‬ ‫ﱠاﺱ‪َ :‬ل ْو َﻗ َن َﻊ ال ﱠناﺱُ ب ِﺄرْ َزاﻗ ِِه ْم َﻗ َن َ‬ ‫ِم ْن ُه ْم ِبﺄَرْ َزاﻗ ِِه ْم‪َ ،‬ول َِﺫل َِﻙ َﻗا َﻝ ابْﻥُ َﻋب ٍ‬
‫راﺏ َتﺣِﻥﱡ ﺇِ َلﻰ ْال َب َل ِد ْال َج ْدﺏِ‪َ ،‬و ْال َمﺣْ ﱢﻝ ْال َﻘ ْﻔ ِر‪،‬‬ ‫َما ا ْﺷ َت َﻛﻰ ﻋ ْب ٌد الرﱢ ْز َق‪َ .‬و َت َرﻯ ْاﻷَﻋْ َ‬
‫اﻥ‬ ‫اﺱ اﻷَ ْو َط َ‬ ‫اﻥ ُي َﻘاﻝُ‪َ :‬ل ْو َﻻ ﺣُﺏﱡ ال ﱠن ِ‬ ‫ْﻑ ‪َ ......‬و َﻛ َ‬ ‫َو ْال َﺣ َج ِر الﺻ ْﱠلدِ‪ ،‬و َتﺳْ َتو ِﺧ ُم الرﱢ ي َ‬
‫اﻥ‪َ ،‬و َﻗ َط َع ْت َنا‬ ‫ﺕ ْالب ُْلدَ اﻥُ ‪َ .‬و َﻗا َﻝ َﻋ ْب ُد ْال َﺣ ِم ْي ِد ْال َﻛاتِﺏُ ‪ِ :‬ﺫ ْﻛ ُر ال ﱡد ْن َيا َن َﻔ ْت َنا َﻋ ِﻥ ْاﻷ ْو َط ِ‬ ‫َل َﺧ َر َب ِ‬
‫ﺕ ْال ُﺣ َﻛ َماءُ‪ :‬ﺃَ ْﻛ َر ُم ْال َﺧي ِْﻝ ﺃَجْ َز ُﻋ َها م َِﻥ الﺳ ْﱠوطِ ‪َ ،‬وﺃَ ْﻛ َر ُم ْاﻷِ ِب ِﻝ ﺃَ َﺷ ﱡد َها‬ ‫ُ‬
‫واﻥ‪َ .‬و َﻗا َل ِ‬ ‫َﻋ ِﻥ ْاﻷ ْﺧ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ْال َعا ْﻗ ِﻝ‪ِ :‬برﱡ ﻩُ ِﻷ ُ ْﺧ َوا ِنﻪِ‪َ ،‬و َﺣ ِن ْي ُن ُﻪ ﺇِ َلﻰ‬ ‫ارا ِ‬ ‫ﺁﺧرُ‪ِ :‬مﻥْ ﺃَ َم َ‬ ‫َﺣ ِن ْي ًنا ﺇِ َلﻰ ﺃَ ْو َطا ِن َها‪َ ،‬و َﻗا َﻝ َ‬
‫ﺻ َﻙ‬ ‫ﻙ َﻓ ُت َن ﱢﻐ َ‬ ‫ﺁﺧرُ‪َ :‬ﻻ َت ْن َهﺽْ َﻋﻥْ َو ْﻛ ِر َ‬ ‫‪......‬و َﻗا َﻝ َ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ارا ُت ُﻪ ِﻷَهْ ِﻝ َز َما ِن ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺃَ ْو َطا ِنﻪِ‪َ ،‬ومُدَ َ‬
‫ﻙ َب َل ًدا ِﻓ ْي ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﺧرُ‪َ :‬ﻻ َتجْ ﻑُ ﺃَرْ ﺿًا ِب َها َﻗ َو ِابلُ َﻙ‪َ ،‬وﻻ َت ْﺷ ُ‬ ‫ْال ُﻐرْ َب ُة‪َ ،‬و ُتﺿِ ْي َم َﻙ ْال َوﺣْ دَ ةُ‪َ .‬و َﻗا َﻝ َ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﱠﺕ ِب َم ْولِ ِد َها‪َ ،‬ت َﻔ ﱠت َﺣ ْ‬ ‫اﺡ‪َ :‬ﺇﺫا ال ﱠن ْﻔﺱُ ﺃَ َﺣﺳ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫َﻗ َبا ِﺋل َﻙ‪َ .‬و َﻗا َﻝ ﺃﺻْ َﺣاﺏُ ال ِﻘ َيا َﻓ ِة ﻓِﻲ اﻻﺳْ ِترْ َو ِ‬
‫ُ‬
‫ﺁﺧ ُر َي ﺣِﻥﱡ ال لﱠ ِب ْي ﺏُ ﺇِ َل ﻰ َو َط ِن ِﻪ ‪َ ،‬ﻛ َم ا َي ﺣِﻥﱡ ال ﱠن ِج ْي ﺏُ‬ ‫ﺕ ال ﱠن ﺳِ ْي َم‪َ .‬و َﻗ ا َﻝ َ‬ ‫َم َﺳ ا ُم َه ا َﻓ َع َر َﻓ ِ‬
‫ِﻙ ِﻷَرْﺿِ َﻙ َﺣ ﱡق َو َط نِها‪.‬‬ ‫ِﻙ َﺣ ﱠق ل َب ِن َه ا‪َ ،‬ﻛ َﺫل َ‬ ‫ﺇِ َل ﻰ َﻋ َط ِن ﻪِ‪َ ،‬و َﻗ ا َﻝ‪َ :‬ﻛ َم ا ﺇِﻥﱠ ل َِﺣ اﺿِ َن ت َ‬
‫ﺿ َن ْت نِﻲ‬ ‫ﺕ َج ِن ْي َﻥ ُر َﻛ ا ِم َه ا‪َ ،‬ورَﺿِ ْي َﻊ َﻏ َم ا ِم َه ا‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺣ َ‬ ‫َو َﺫ َﻛ َر ﺃﻋْ َر ِاب ﻲﱞ ب َل دَ ﻩُ َﻓ َﻘ ا َﻝ‪َ :‬رمْ َل ٌة ُﻛ ْن ُ‬
‫ﺏ ِب ال ْي ِت ْي ِم ال لﱠ طِ ْي ِم الﱠ ِﺫﻱْ َث َﻛ َﻝ ﺃَ َب َو ْي ﻪِ؛ َﻓ َﻼ ﺃ ُ ﱞم‬ ‫ﺕ ْال ُﺣ َﻛ َم ا ُء ْال َﻐ ر ْي َ‬ ‫ﺃَﺣْ َﺷ اﺅ َه ا‪َ .‬و َﺷ ﱠب َه ِ‬
‫ﺱ‬ ‫ِﻙ َﻓ َﻼ َت ْن َ‬ ‫ﺕ ﻓِﻲ َﻏ ْي ِر ﺃَهْ ل َ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺃﻋْ َر ِاب ﱠي ٌة‪ :‬ﺇِ َﺫا ُﻛ ْن َ‬ ‫َت رْﺃ ُ ُم ﻪُ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ ﺃَﺏٌ َي ﺣْ ِدﺏُ َﻋ َل ْي ﻪِ‪َ .‬و َﻗ ا َل ْ‬
‫ِﻙ ﺃَﻥﱠ ْال َم رْﺃَ َة ﻓِﻲ َﻏ ْي ِر‬ ‫ﺿ ُﺢ ِم ﻥْ ِم َرﺁ ِة ْال َﻐ ِر ْي َب ةِ؛ َو َﺫل َ‬ ‫الﺫﻝﱢ‪َ .‬وﻓِﻲ ْال َم َث ِﻝ ﺃَ ْو َ‬ ‫َن ﺻِ ْي َب َﻙ ِم َﻥ ﱡ‬
‫ار ِب َه ا؛ َﻓ َت ُﻛ ْوﻥُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺃهْ لِ َه ا َت َت َﻔ ﱠﻘ ُد ِم ﻥْ َوجْ ِه َه ا َو َه ْي َﺋ ِت َه ا َم ا َﻻ َت َت َﻔ ﱠﻘ ُدﻩُ َو ِه َﻲ ﻓِﻲ َﻗ ْو ِم َه ا َوﺃ َﻗ ِ‬
‫ﺕ َم َع َه ا ِم ﻥْ ُت رْ َب ِت َه ا َرمْ ًﻼ‬ ‫ﺕ َﺣ َم َل ْ‬ ‫ﺕ‪َ ،‬و َﺳ ا َﻓ َر ْ‬ ‫ﺕ ْال َع َرﺏُ ﺇِ ْﺫا َﻏ َز ْ‬ ‫ِم رْﺁ ُت َه ا َم جْ لُ وﱠ ًة‪َ .‬و َﻛ ا َن ِ‬
‫ﺽ اﻷَﻋْ َراﺏِ‪:‬‬ ‫‪.....‬و ِﻗ ْي َﻝ لِ َب عْ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫اﻉ‬
‫ﺻ دَ ٍ‬ ‫َو َﻋ ْﻔ رًا َت ﺳْ َت ْن ﺷِ ﻘُ ُﻪ ﻋِ ْن دَ َن ْز َل ةٍ‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْو ُز َﻛ ٍام‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْو ُ‬
‫‪َ -‬ما ْال ِﻐب َ‬
‫ْط ُة؟‬
‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫واﻥ ﻓِﻲ ْالب ُْل ِ‬
‫داﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻥ‪َ ،‬و ْال ُجلُ ْوﺱُ َم َﻊ ْاﻷ ْﺧ ِ‬ ‫َﻓ َﻘاﻝ ‪ْ -‬ال ِﻛ َﻔا َي ُة َم َﻊ لُ ُز ْو ِم ْاﻷ ْو َط ِ‬

‫‪٢١‬‬
 ‫ﺏ ﺇِ ْﻗلِي َم با َ َب َﻝ‪َ ،‬و َﻛ َن َز ْال ُﻛ ُن ْو َز‪ ،‬وﺃَ َبادَ‬‫اﻥ َوﺃَ ْﺧ َر َ‬ ‫اﻥ اﻹﺳْ َﻛ ْندَ ُر الرﱡ ومِﻲﱡ َجا َﻝ ْالبُلدَ َ‬ ‫َو َﻛ َ‬
‫ﺻﻰ ُﺣ َﻛ َما َءﻩُ َووُ َز َرا َءﻩُ‪ ،‬ﺃَﻥْ ُتﺣْ َم َﻝ ُر ﱠم ُت ُﻪ‬ ‫ﺽ ِب َﺣﺿْ َر ِة َب ِاب َﻝ ﻓ َلمﱠا ﺃ ْﺷ َﻔ َﻰ ﺃَ ْو َ‬ ‫ْال َﺧ ْل َق‪َ ،‬ﻓ َم ِر َ‬
‫ﻑ‬ ‫ﺏ م َِﻥ ْال َب َرا ِم َﻛ ِة ْال ُم َت َﻔ ْلﺳِ َ‬‫ْﺕ ْالمُتﺄ ﱢد َ‬‫ﺏ ﺇِ َلﻰ َب َل ِد ِﻩ ُﺣ ًّبا ل ِْل َو َط ِﻥ‪َ .‬و َرﺃَي ُ‬
‫ﺕ ِمﻥْ َﺫ َه ٍ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ َتاب ُْو ٍ‬
‫ﺏ َي َتدَ َاوﻯ ِبﻪِ‪َ .‬ﻓ ُﻛ َلمﱠا َزادَ‬ ‫ِم ْن ُه ْم‪ ،‬ﺇِ َﺫا َﺳا َﻓ َر َﺳ َﻔرً ا‪ ،‬ﺃَ َﺧ َﺫ َم َع ُﻪ ِمﻥْ ُترْ َب ِة َم ْولِد ِﻩ ﻓِﻲ ِج َرا ٍ‬
‫ﺣُﺏﱡ ْاﻷِ ْن َﺳ ِ‬
‫اﻥ ل َِو َط ِنﻪِ‪َ ،‬زادَ َت َعلﱡﻘُ ُﻪ ِبﻪ‪َ ،‬وا ْﺷ َت ﱠد َﺣ ِن ْي ُنﻪ َو َﺷ ْوﻗُﻪ‪.‬‬

‫َﻣﺎ ﺑَ ْﻌ َﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ﱢ‬
‫ﺺ‬

‫الﻅ ْﺋرُ‪ :‬اﻷ ُ ْن َثﻰ الﱠتِﻲ َتعْ طِ ﻑُ َﻋ َلﻰ َو َل ِد َﻏي ِْرها‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْو ُترْ ﺿِ ُعﻪُ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱢ‬
‫ْال ُم ْن َتﺣِﻲ‪ :‬الﱠ ِﺫﻱْ َي ِم ْي ُﻝ ﺇِ َلﻰ ِج َه ٍة م َُع ﱠي َنةٍ‪.‬‬
‫ِﻲ الﱠتِﻲ ُت َولﱢ ُد ْال َمرْ ﺃ َة ْال َﺣا ِم َﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻗ َو ِابﻝُ‪َ :‬ج ْم ُﻊ ) َﻗ ِاب َلة(‪َ ،‬وه َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ار ال ﱡﺳر ُْو ِر َوال ﱠترْ ِﺣ ْيﺏِ‪.‬‬ ‫َﺣ َﻔ َاوةٌ‪ْ :‬ال ُم َبا َل َﻐ ُة ﻓِﻲ ْاﻹ ْﻛ َر ِام َوﺇِﻅ َه ِ‬
‫ﺃَ ْن َجﻊُ‪ :‬ﺃ ْن َﻔ ُﻊ َوﺃَ ْﻓ َي ُد‪.‬‬
‫اﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫اﺕ‪َ :‬ﻋ َﻼ َم ُ‬ ‫ار ُ‬ ‫ﺃَ َم َ‬
‫ﺕ اﻵ ِت َيةِ‪:‬‬ ‫اﺳْ َتعْ ِم ْﻝ مُعْ َج َم َﻙ ِﻹي َْجا ِد َم َعانِﻲ ْال ُم ْﻔ َرداَ ِ‬
‫ْال َج ْد َب ُة‪ ،‬ال ﱠن ِجيْﺏُ ‪ْ ،‬ال َع َطﻥُ ‪َ ،‬ترْ ﺃَ ُمﻪُ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧَﺸَﺎﻁٌ‬
‫َماﺫا ُن َﺳمﱢﻲ ْال َﻛلِ َم َتي ِ‬
‫ْﻥ ) ُز َﻛام‪َ ،‬وﺻُدَ اﻉ(؟ َو َما َو ْز ُن ُه َما؟ َو َما َﺳ َبﺏُ َم ِج ْيﺋ ِِه َما َﻋ َلﻰ‬
‫َه َﺫا ْال َو ْز ِﻥ؟‬

‫ﺏ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧَﺸَﺎﻁُ ﺍﻟﻔَ ْﻬ ِﻢ َﻭﺍﻻ ْ‬

‫ﺳﺘِ ْﻴ َﻌﺎ ِ‬

‫َما ْال َم ْﻘﺻو ُد ِب ْال َﻘ ْو ِﻝ ْاﻵتِﻲ‪) :‬ﺃَرْ ﺽُ الرﱠ ج ُِﻝ ﻅِ ْﺋ ُرﻩُ‪َ ،‬ودَ ا ُرﻩُ َم ْه ُدﻩُ‪َ ،‬و ْال َﻐ ٍريْﺏُ ال ﱠناﺋِﻲ‬
‫يﺻ ٌة(‪َ .‬نا ِﻗﺵْ‬
‫هو لِ ُﻛ ﱢﻝ َر ٍام َﻗ ْن َ‬ ‫َﻋﻥْ َب َل ِد ِﻩ ْال ُم ْن َتﺣِﻲ َﻋﻥْ ﺃَهْ لِ ِﻪ َﻛ ﱠ‬
‫الث ْو ِر ال ﱠنا ﱢد َﻋﻥْ َو َط ْن ِﻪ الﱠﺫﻱْ َ‬
‫َﺫلِﻙ َم َﻊ مُدَ رﱢ ﺳِ َﻙ َو ُز َم َﻼﺋ َ‬
‫ِﻙ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢٢‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺪ ْر ُس اﻟ َّﺜﺎﻧِﻲ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘ َﻮ ِ‬
‫اﻋ ُﺪ‬ ‫َّ‬

‫ﺎز َﻣ ِﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْﺮ ِط َﻏ ْﻴ ُﺮ َ‬

‫اﻟﺠ ِ‬ ‫ات َّ‬ ‫َأ َد َو ُ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫الث َﻼ َثةِ‪َ ،‬ودَ َرﺳْ َ‬ ‫ﺏ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ ‪َ ،‬وﺃَرْ َﻛا ِن ِﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠاب َﻘ ِة ﺇ َلﻰ ﺃُﺳْ لُ ْو ِ‬ ‫ﺕ ﻓِﻲ ْال َوﺣْ دَ ِة الﺳ ِ‬ ‫َت َعرﱠ ْﻓ َ‬
‫الوﺣْ دَ ِة َﺳ َت ْد ِرﺱُ‬ ‫از َم ُة‪َ ،‬وﻓِﻲ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ َ‬ ‫اﺕ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ ْال َج ِ‬ ‫ال ﱠن ْو َﻉ ْاﻷوﱠ َﻝ ِمﻥْ ﺃَدَ َوا ِتﻪِ‪َ ،‬وهِﻲ ﺃَدَ َو ُ‬
‫از َمةِ‪.‬‬ ‫اﺕ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ َﻏ ْي ُر ْال َج ِ‬ ‫ِﻲ ﺃَدَ َو ُ‬ ‫الثانِﻲ ِمﻥْ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْاﻷَدَ َواﺕِ‪َ ،‬وه َ‬ ‫ال ﱠن ْو َﻉ ﱠ‬
‫ﻋ ُْد ﺇ َلﻰ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ َوا ْﻗ َر ِﺃ ال ُج َم َﻝ ال َم ْﻛ ُت ْو َب َة ِباللﱠ ْو ِﻥ اﻷَﺣْ َم ِر‪:‬‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺇِ َﺫا َﻛ َ‬
‫ارﻩِ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻥ الطا ِﺋ ُر َيﺣِﻥﱡ ﺇِلﻰ ْﺃو َﻛ ِ‬
‫ِﺪ ٌة‬
‫َﻓﺎﺋ َ‬ ‫ْﻥ ﺇِلﻰ ﺃَ ْو َطا ِنﻪِ‪.‬‬ ‫الﺣ ِني ِ‬‫َﻓ ِْاﻹ ْن َﺳاﻥُ ﺃَ َﺣ ﱡق ِب َ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﱠﺕ ِب َم ْولِ ِد َها‪َ ،‬ت َﻔ ﱠت َﺣ ْ‬ ‫‪َ -‬ﺇﺫا ال ﱠن ْﻔﺱُ ﺃَ َﺣﺳ ْ‬
‫اﻥ )ﺇﻥْ ( ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ ﱠي ُة‬ ‫َ‬
‫ارﺏُ اﻷدَ ا َت ِ‬ ‫َت َت َﻘ َ‬ ‫ﺕ ال ﱠنﺳِ ْي َم‪.‬‬ ‫َم َﺳا ُم َها َﻓ َع َر َﻓ ِ‬
‫از َم ِة‬ ‫َ ِ‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ال‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ر‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ي‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻏ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ة‬ ‫ي‬‫ﱠ‬ ‫طِ‬ ‫رْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﺷ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ا(‬ ‫َ‬
‫)ﺇﺫ‬ ‫و‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ة‬ ‫م‬
‫َ ِ َ َ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ال‬
‫ــﻊ ال ﱠنـــاﺱُ بــ ِﺄرْ َزاﻗ ِِه ْم َﻗ َن َ‬
‫ـاﻋ َت ُه ْم‬ ‫‪َ -‬ل ْ‬
‫ـــو َﻗ َن َ‬
‫اﻙ اﺧ ِتﻼﻑٌ م ُِه ﱞم‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ ال َمعْ َنﻰ‪َ ،‬و ُه َن َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫بﺄ ِْو َطان ِِهم‪َ ،‬ما ا ْﺷ َت َﻛﻰ ﻋ ْب ٌد الرﱢ ْز َق‪.‬‬
‫ِـ)ﺇﺫا( ُتﺳْ َتعْ َم ُﻝ لِل ﱠﺷﻲْ ِء‬ ‫ْق َب ْي َن ُه َما‪ ،‬ﻓ َ‬ ‫َودَ ِﻗي ٌ‬
‫ﺕ ْالب ُْلدَ اﻥُ ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻥ‪َ ،‬ل َﺧ َر َب ِ‬‫اﺱ ْاﻷَ ْو َط َ‬ ‫‪َ -‬ل ْو َﻻ ﺣُﺏﱡ ال ﱠن ِ‬
‫ْال ُم َت َو ﱠﻗ ُﻊ ُﺣ ُد ْو ُثﻪُ‪َ ،‬ﻛ َﻘ ْولِ ِﻪ َت َعا َلﻰ »ﺇﺫاَ‬
‫ﺻﻰ ُﺣ َﻛ َما َءﻩُ َووُ َز َرا َءﻩُ ﺃَﻥْ‬ ‫‪َ -‬لمﱠا ﺃ ْﺷ َﻔﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْو َ‬
‫ﷲ َوال َﻔ ْتﺢُ«)ال ﱠنﺻْ ر‪،(١:‬‬ ‫َجا َء َنﺻْ ُر ِ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺇِلﻰ َب َل ِدﻩِ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ ِمﻥْ َﺫ َه ٍ‬ ‫ُتﺣْ َم َﻝ ُر ﱠم ُت ُﻪ ﻓِﻲ َتابو ٍ‬
‫ﺃَمﱠا )ﺇِﻥْ ( َﻓ ُتﺳْ َتعْ َم ُﻝ ل ِْل َم ْﺷ ُﻛ ْوﻙِ ِﻓ ْي ِﻪ ﺃ ْوَ‬
‫اﻥ ل َِو َط ِنﻪِ‪ ،‬زادَ َت َعلﱡﻘُﻪ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪ُ -‬ﻛ َلمﱠا َزادَ ﺣُﺏﱡ ْاﻹ ْن َﺳ‬
‫ﺏ ِﻓ ْيﻪِ‪َ ،‬ﻛ َﻘ ْولِ ِﻪ َت َعا َلﻰ‪:‬‬ ‫َﻏي ِْر ْال َمرْ ُﻏ ْو ِ‬
‫بﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ِمﻥْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫»و َما م َُﺣ ﱠم ٌد ﺇِﻻ َرﺳ ُْو ٌﻝ َﻗ ْد َﺧل ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َت ِج ْد ﺃﻥﱠ ِﻓ ْي َها َمعْ َنﻰ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ ‪َ ،‬وﺃَﻥﱠ ُﻛ ًّﻼ‬
‫اﺕ ﺃَ ْو ﻗُ ِت َﻝ ان َﻘ َل ْب ُت ْم‬ ‫َﻗ ْبلِ ِﻪ الرﱡ ُﺳ ُﻝ ﺃَ َﻓﺈِﻥ َم َ‬ ‫ﺻ ﱠد َر ْت ُﻪ ﺃَدَ اةٌ َل َها دَ َﻻ َل ٌة م َُع ﱠي َن ٌة‪َ ،‬و َه ِﺫ ِﻩ‬ ‫ِم ْن َها َت َ‬
‫َﻋ َلﻰ ﺃَﻋْ َﻘ ِاب ُﻛ ْم« )ﺁﻝ ﻋِ مْ َراﻥ‪.(١44 :‬‬ ‫ِﻲ‪:‬‬
‫اﺕ‪ ،‬ه َ‬ ‫ْاﻷدَ َو ُ‬
‫اﻥ‬ ‫ِﻲ َﻅرْ ﻑٌ لِ َما يُﺳْ َت ْﻘ َب ُﻝ م َِﻥ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‪ :‬ه َ‬ ‫‪َ -١‬‬
‫الز َم ِ‬
‫ْﺢ‪،‬‬ ‫الﻅا ِه ُر َﻓ ِﺣ ْي َن َما َيلِ ْي َها ْال ِﻔعْ ُﻝ ِب َﺷ ْﻛ ٍﻝ َ‬ ‫َت ْد ُﺧ ُﻝ َﻋ َلﻰ ْال ِﻔعْ ِﻝ َﻅا ِهرً ا ﺃَ ْو ُم َﻘدﱠرً ا‪ .‬ﺃمﱠا ﱠ‬
‫ﺻ ِري ٍ‬
‫ارﻩِ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ْاﻷ ْن َﺳاﻥُ‬ ‫الوار ِد ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ ‪» :‬ﺇِ َﺫا َﻛ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َﻛ َما ﻓِﻲ ْال ِم َث ِ‬
‫اﻥ الطا ِﺋ ُر َيﺣِﻥﱡ ﺇِ َلﻰ ْﺃو َﻛ ِ‬ ‫اﻝ َ ِ‬
‫)ﺇﺫا( َوه َُو ِﻓعْ ُﻝ‬ ‫ﺻ ِريْﺣً ا َبعْ دَ َ‬ ‫اﻥ( َجا َء َ‬ ‫ْﻥ ﺇِلﻰ ﺃَ ْو َطا ِنﻪِ«‪َ .‬ﻓ ْال ِﻔعْ ُﻝ ) َﻛ َ‬ ‫ﺃَ َﺣ ﱡق ِب ْال َﺣ ِني ِ‬
‫ْﻥ(‪.‬‬ ‫ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ ‪َ ،‬و َج َواﺏُ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ ه َُو ْالجُمْ َل ُة اﻻﺳْ ِم ﱠي ُة ) َﻓ ْاﻹ ْن َﺳاﻥُ ﺃَ َﺣ ﱡق ِب ْال َﺣ ِني ِ‬

‫‪٢٣‬‬
‫ﻟﻮ ﻳﻘﻨﻌﻮﻥ ﺑﺄﺭﺯﺍﻗِﻬﻢ ﻣﺜﻠﻤﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻗﺎﻧﻌﻮ َ‬
‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻭﻃﺎﻧِﻬﻢ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﻜﻰ ﺃﺣﺪٌ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻠﱢﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﻕِ‬
 ‫ط َج َوابُها‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﺃ ﱠﻣﺎ‪ :‬ﺃدَ اةُ َﺷرْ طٍ ُت ِﻔ ْي ُد ال ﱠت ْﻔﺻِ ْي َﻝ‪ ،‬يُرْ َب ُ‬
‫ِﺪ ٌة‬
‫َﻓﺎﺋ َ‬
‫ِب َﻔا ٍء َﻻ ِز َمةٍ‪َ ،‬ﻛ َﻘ ْولِ ِﻪ َت َعالﻰ‪» :‬ﺃَمﱠا الﱠﺫ َ‬
‫ِيﻥ ﺁ َم ُنوا‬
‫از َم ِة‬ ‫اﺕ ْال َمﺄْ َوﻯ ُن ُزﻻ ُت ْﻘ َﺳ ُم ﺃَدَ َو ُ‬
‫اﺕ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ َﻏ ْي ُر ْال َج ِ‬ ‫ﺕ َﻓ َل ُه ْم َج ﱠن ُ‬ ‫َو َﻋ ِملُوا الﺻﱠال َِﺣا ِ‬
‫ِﻲ‪َ ):‬ل ْو‪،‬‬‫ْﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃَﺣْ رُﻑٌ ‪ ،‬ه َ‬ ‫َﻋ َلﻰ َن ْو َﻋي ِ‬ ‫وﻥ« )الﺳﱠجْ دَ ةُ‪.(١۹:‬‬ ‫ِب َما َﻛا ُنوا َيعْ َملُ َ‬
‫َو َل ْو َﻻ ‪َ ،‬و َل ْو َما‪َ ،‬وﺃمﱠا(‪َ ،‬و ُ‬
‫ﻅر ُْوﻑٌ‬
‫ِﻲ‪ ) :‬ﺇِ َﺫا‪َ ،‬لمﱠا‪ُ ،‬ﻛلﱠ َما(‪.‬‬
‫ه َ‬

‫ﺎن‬ ‫َﺗ ْﻘ ِﻮ ْﻳ ُﻢ اﻟّﻠ َ‬

‫ِﺴ ِ‬ ‫ﻼﺻ ُﺔ اﻟ َﻘ َﻮ ِ‬
‫اﻋ ِﺪ‬ ‫ُﺧ َ‬

‫ﺕ ﺳُرْ َﻋ ُة ال ﱠﺳي َ‬
‫ﱠار ِة‬ ‫ﻗُﻝْ‪ُ ) :‬ﻛلﱠ َما َزادَ ْ‬ ‫ِﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫اﺕ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ َﻏ ْي ُر ْال َج ِ‬
‫از َم ِة َﺳ ْبﻊٌ‪ ،‬ه َ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﺃَدَ َو ُ‬
‫َزادَ ْال َﺧ َطرُ(‬ ‫) َﺇﺫا‪َ ،‬و َل ْو‪َ ،‬و َل ْو َﻻ‪َ ،‬و َل ْو َما‪َ ،‬وﺃمﱠا‪َ ،‬و َلمﱠا‪،‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺳُرْ َﻋ ُة‬ ‫َو َﻻ َتﻘُﻝْ‪ُ ) :‬ﻛلﱠ َما َزادَ ْ‬
‫َو ُﻛلﱠ َما(‪.‬‬
‫ﱠار ِة ُﻛلﱠ َما َزادَ ْال َﺧ َطرُ(‪.‬‬
‫ال ﱠﺳي َ‬
‫ﺻاﺋِﺹُ ‪:‬‬‫ﺕ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ َمعْ ًنﻰ َو َﺧ َ‬ ‫‪َ -2‬ل ُﻛ ﱢﻝ ﺃَدَ ا ٍة ِمﻥْ ﺃَدَ َوا ِ‬
‫اﻥ‪َ ،‬ت ْد ُﺧ ُﻝ َﻋ َلﻰ ْال ِﻔعْ ِﻝ َﻅا ِهرً ا ﺃَ ْو ُم َﻘدﱠرً ا‪ْ ،‬ال ُم َﻘ ﱠد ُر َﺣ ْي َن َما َيﺄتِﻲ‬ ‫ﺃ‪َ /‬ﺇﺫا‪َ :‬ﻅرْ ﻑٌ لِ َما يُﺳْ َت ْﻘ َب ُﻝ م َِﻥ ﱠ‬
‫الز َم ِ‬
‫ﻑ ُي َﻔ ﱢﺳ ُرﻩُ الﻔعﻝ ْال َم ْوج ُْو ُد‪.‬‬ ‫ِﺏ َﻓاﻋِ ٍﻝ لِ ِﻔعْ ٍﻝ َمﺣْ ُﺫ ْو ٍ‬ ‫)ﺇﺫا( اﺳْ ٌم َمرْ ﻓُ ْوﻉٌ‪ ،‬يُعْ َرﺏُ َﻓاﻋِ ًﻼ ﺃَ ْو َناﺋ َ‬ ‫َبعْ دَ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫اﻉ‬‫اﺏ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ ي َم ْت ِن ُﻊ م َِﻥ الوُ ﻗُ ْو ِﻉ ِبامْ ِت َن ِ‬ ‫اﻉ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱْ ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥﱠ َج َو َ‬ ‫اﻉ ِﻻمْ ِت َن ٍ‬ ‫ﺏ‪َ /‬ل ْو‪َ :‬ﺣرْ ﻑُ امْ ِت َن ٍ‬
‫الﻼ ِم‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥْ‬ ‫اﻥ َج َوا ُب ُﻪ ِﻓعْ ًﻼ مَاﺿِ يًا م ُْث َب ًتا َج َ‬
‫از ﺃﻥْ َي ْﻘ َت ِر َﻥ ِب ﱠ‬ ‫وُ ﻗُ ْو ِﻉ ِﻓعْ ِﻝ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ ‪َ ،‬وﺇﻥْ َﻛ َ‬
‫اﻥ ِﻓعْ ًﻼ مَاﺿِ يًا َم ْن ِﻔ ًّيا َل ْم َيج ُِز ا ْﻗت َِرا ُن ُﻪ ِب ﱠ‬
‫الﻼ ِم‪.‬‬ ‫َﻛ َ‬
‫اﺏ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ َﻻ َي َﻘﻊُ؛ ِﻷَﻥﱠ ِﻓعْ َﻝ‬ ‫اﻉ لِوُ ج ُْودٍ‪ ،‬ﺃَﻱْ ‪ ،‬ﺇِﻥﱠ َج َو َ‬ ‫جـ‪َ ) /‬ل ْو َﻻ‪َ -‬ل ْو َما(‪َ :‬ﺣرْ َﻓا امْ ِت َن ٍ‬
‫ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ َم ْوج ُْو ٌد‪َ ،‬و َيﺄتِﻲ َبعْ دَ ُه َما اﺳْ ٌم‪ ،‬يُعْ َرﺏُ ُم ْب َتدَ ﺃً َﺧ َب ُرﻩُ َمﺣْ َﺫوُ ﻑٌ َت ْﻘ ِد ْي ُرﻩُ ) َم ْوج ُْو ٌد(‪.‬‬
‫اﻥ ِب َمعْ َنﻰ ) ِﺣيْﻥ(‪َ ،‬و َي ْﺧ َتﺹﱡ ِبال ﱡد ُﺧ ْو ِﻝ َﻋ َلﻰ ْال ِﻔعْ ِﻝ ْالمَاﺿِ ﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫د‪َ /‬لمﱠا‪َ :‬ﻅرْ ﻑُ َز َم ٍ‬
‫ط َج َوابُها ِب َﻔا ٍء َﻻ ِز َمةٍ‪.‬‬ ‫هـ‪ /‬ﺃَمﱠا‪ :‬ﺃدَ اةُ َﺷرْ طٍ ُت ِﻔ ْي ُد ال ﱠت ْﻔﺻِ ْي َﻝ‪ ،‬يُرْ َب ُ‬
‫ار َواﻻﺳْ ِتم َْرار‪َ َ،‬ي ْد ُﺧ ُﻝ َﻋ َلﻰ ْال ِﻔعْ ِﻝ ْالمَاﺿِ ﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫و‪ُ /‬ﻛلﱠ َما‪َ :‬ﻅرْ ﻑٌ ُي ِﻔ ْي ُد ال ﱠت ْﻛ َر َ‬
‫الجاز َم ِة ﺃَﺣْ رُﻑٌ ‪َ ) :‬ل ْو‪ ،‬و َل ْو َﻻ‪ ،‬و َل ْو َما‪ ،‬وﺃمﱠا (‪َ ،‬و ُ‬
‫ﻅر ُْوﻑٌ ‪:‬‬ ‫اﺕ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ َﻏ ْي ُر َ ِ‬ ‫‪ -۳‬ﺃدَ َو ُ‬
‫)ﺇﺫا‪ ،‬و َلمﱠا‪َ ،‬و ُﻛلﱠ َما(‪.‬‬‫َ‬

‫‪٢٥‬‬
 ‫ّﺣﻠﱢ ْﻞ َﻭﺃ ْﻋ ِﺮ ْﺏ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻤ ُﺲ ُﻛ ِّﻮ َر ْت« )اﻟ َّﺘ ْﻜ ِﻮ ْﻳﺮ‪(١:‬‬ ‫ِﻞ ُﺛ َّﻢ َأ ْﻋ ِﺮ ْب َﻣﺎ َﻳﺄﺗِﻲ‪َ :‬ﻗ َ‬
‫ﺎل َﺗ َﻌﺎ َﻟﻰ »ِإ َذا َّ‬ ‫َﺣّﻠ ْ‬

‫ُﻛوﱢ َر ْ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ال ﱠﺷمْﺱُ‬ ‫َﺇﺫا‬ ‫َﺣلﱢ ْﻝ‬

‫ِﻥ‬
‫الزم ِ‬ ‫ﺙ ﻓِﻲ ﱠ‬ ‫َﻛلِ َم ٌة َت ُد ﱡﻝ َﻋ َلﻰ َﺣدَ ٍ‬
‫ِﻅ َو َﻓ ﱢﻛرْ ﺃَدَ اةُ َﺷرْ طٍ َﻏ ْي ُر‬
‫َﻻﺣ ْ‬
‫ﺙ‬ ‫المَاﺿِ ﻲ‪َ ،‬ﻗ ِب َل ْ‬
‫ﺕ َتا َء ال ﱠتﺄ ِن ْي ِ‬ ‫اﺳْ ٌم َمرْ ﻓُ ْو ٌﻉ َو َﻗ َﻊ‬
‫از َم ٍة َﻅرْ ﻑٌ لِ َما‬ ‫َج ِ‬
‫الﺳﱠا ِﻛ َن َة‪َ ،‬وه َُو َمﺿْ م ُْو ُم َ‬
‫الﺣرْ ﻑِ‬ ‫َبعْ دَ َ‬
‫)ﺇﺫا(‬
‫اﻥ‬
‫الز َم ِ‬ ‫يُﺳْ َت ْﻘ َب ُﻝ م َِﻥ ﱠ‬
‫اﻷوﱠ ِﻝ َم ْﻛﺳ ُْو ُر َما َﻗ ْب َﻝ اﻵﺧ ِِر‬

‫ﺙ الﺳﱠا ِﻛ َنةِ‪َ ،‬وﺃَ ﱠن ُﻪ َم َع َها َي ْب َﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺕ الﻔِعْ ِﻝ المَاﺿِ ﻲ َﻗب ُْو َﻝ َتا ِء ال ﱠتﺄ ِن ْي ِ‬ ‫ﺃﻥﱠ مِﻥْ َﻋﻼ َما ِ‬ ‫َت َﺫ ﱠﻛرْ‬
‫الﺣرْ ﻑِ اﻷوﱠ ِﻝ َم ْﻛﺳ ُْو َر‬ ‫اﻥ َمﺿْ م ُْو َم َ‬ ‫َم ْب ِن ًّيا َﻋ َلﻰ ال َﻔ ْت ِﺢ‪َ ،‬وﺃﻥﱠ الﻔِعْ َﻝ المَاﺿِ ﻲ َﺇﺫا َﻛ َ‬
‫ِﺏ َﻓاﻋِ ٍﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻵﺧ ِر ي َُﺳمﱠﻰ ) َم ْب ِن ًّيا ل ِْل َمجْ ه ُْو ِﻝ(‪َ ،‬و َيرْ َﻓ ُﻊ َناﺋ َ‬
‫َما َﻗ ْب َﻝ َ‬

‫)ﺇﺫا( َت ْد ُﺧ ُﻝ َﻋ َلﻰ ال ِﻔعْ ِﻝ َﻅا ِهرً ا ْﺃو ُم َﻘدﱠرً ا؛ َﻓ َﺈﺫا َجا َء َبعْ دَ َها اﺳْ ٌم َمرْ ﻓُ ْو ٌﻉ‬
‫ﺃﻥﱠ َ‬ ‫َت َعلﱠ َ‬
‫مْﺕ‬
‫يُعْ َرﺏُ َﻓاﻋِ ﻼً ْﺃو َناﺋ َ‬
‫ِﺏ َﻓاﻋِ ٍﻝ لِ ِﻔعْ ٍﻝ ُي َﻔ ﱢﺳ ُرﻩُ ال ِﻔعْ ُﻝ ال َم ْوج ُْو ُد‬

‫اﺽ‬ ‫ِﻓعْ ٌﻝ َم ٍ‬ ‫ﺃدَ اةُ َﺷرْ طٍ‬ ‫َتﺳْ َت ْن ِت ُج‬

‫َناﺋِﺏُ َﻓاﻋِ ٍﻝ‬
‫َم ْبنِﻲﱞ ل ِْل َمجْ ه ُْو ِﻝ‬ ‫َﻏي ُر َج ِ‬
‫از َم ٍة‬

‫اﺽ َم ْبنِﻲﱞ ل ِْل َمجْ ه ُْو ِﻝ َم ْبنِﻲﱞ‬ ‫ﻓِعْ ٌﻝ َم ٍ‬

‫َناﺋِﺏُ َﻓاﻋِ ٍﻝ لِﻔِعْ ٍﻝ‬
‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﺻالِ ِﻪ ِب َتا ِء ال ﱠتﺄ ِن ْي ِ‬‫َﻋ َلﻰ ال َﻔ ْت ِﺢ ﻻ ﱢت َ‬ ‫اﻹﻋْ َراﺏُ ﺃَدَ اةُ َﺷرْ طٍ َﻏ ْي ُر‬
‫ﻑ ُي َﻔ ﱢﺳ ُرﻩُ‬ ‫َمﺣْ ُﺫ ْو ٍ‬
‫الﺳﱠا ِﻛ َن ِة الﱠتِﻲ َﻻ َم َﺣ ﱠﻝ َل َها م َِﻥ‬ ‫از َم ٍة ﻅرﻑٌ لِ َما‬ ‫َج ِ‬
‫ال َم ْوج ُْو ُد َوال ﱠت ْﻘ ِد ْي ُر‬
‫ﺿ ِم ْي ٌر‬ ‫اﻹﻋْ َراﺏِ‪َ ،‬و َناﺋِﺏُ ال َﻔاﻋِ ِﻝ َ‬ ‫الز َماﻥ‬ ‫يُﺳْ َت ْﻘ َب ُﻝ م َِﻥ ﱠ‬
‫ﺕ ال ﱠﺷمْ ﺱُ (‬ ‫) ُﻛوﱢ َر ِ‬
‫ِﻲ(‬ ‫مُﺳْ َت ِت ٌر وُ ج ُْوبًا َت ْﻘ ِد ْي ُرﻩُ )ه َ‬

‫ﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎر َﻷ ْﻫَﻠ َﻜ ِﺖ ُّ‬

‫اﻟﺬ ُﻧ ْﻮ ُب اﻹ ْﻧ َﺴ َ‬ ‫ِﻞ ُﺛ َّﻢ َأ ْﻋ ِﺮ ْب َﻣﺎ َﻳﺄﺗِﻲ‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻮ َﻣﺎ ْ‬
‫اﻻﺳ ِﺘ ْﻐ َﻔ ُ‬ ‫َﺣّﻠ ْ‬

‫‪٢٦‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﱠ ْﻤ ِﺮ ْﻳﻨَﺎﺕُ‬
‫‪۱‬‬
‫َ‬
‫از َم ِة َو ِﻓعْ َﻝ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ َو َج َوا َب ُﻪ ﱠم َما َيﺄتِﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫اﺳْ َت ْﺧ ِرﺝْ ﺃدَ ا َة ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ َﻏي َْر ْال َج ِ‬
‫ﺽ َو َنﺄﻯ ِب َجان ِِب ِﻪ َوﺇِ َﺫا َم ﱠﺳ ُﻪ ال ﱠﺷرﱡ َﻓ ُﺫو‬ ‫اﻥ ﺃَﻋْ َر َ‬ ‫نﺳ ِ‬‫»وﺇِ َﺫا ﺃَ ْن َع ْم َنا َﻋ َلﻰ ْاﻹِ َ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻗاﻝ تعالﻰ ‪َ :‬‬
‫ﺕ‪.(٥١:‬‬ ‫ﺻ َل ْ‬‫يﺽ« ) ﻓُ ﱢ‬ ‫ُد َﻋاء َﻋ ِر ٍ‬
‫وﺳ ُه ْم َو َرﺃَ ْي َت ُه ْم‬ ‫ﷲ َلوﱠ ْوا رُﺅُ َ‬ ‫»وﺇِ َﺫا ﻗِي َﻝ َل ُه ْم َت َعا َل ْوا َيﺳْ َت ْﻐ ِﻔرْ َل ُﻛ ْم َرﺳُو ُﻝ ِ‬ ‫‪َ -2‬ﻗا َﻝ َت َعا َلﻰ‪َ :‬‬
‫ُوﻥ« ) ْال ُم َنا ِﻓﻘُ ْوﻥ‪.(٥:‬‬ ‫وﻥ َوهُم مﱡﺳْ َت ْﻛ ِبر َ‬ ‫ﺻ ﱡد َ‬ ‫َي ُ‬
‫ِيﻥ َل ْو َت َر ُﻛو ْا ِمﻥْ َﺧ ْلﻔ ِِه ْم ُﺫرﱢ ي ًﱠة ﺿِ َعا ًﻓا َﺧاﻓُو ْا َﻋ َلي ِْه ْم َﻓ ْل َي ﱠتﻘُوا‬ ‫ﺵ الﱠﺫ َ‬ ‫»و ْل َي ْﺧ َ‬ ‫‪َ -۳‬ﻗا َﻝ َت َعالﻰ‪َ :‬‬
‫ﷲ َو ْل َيﻘُولُو ْا َﻗ ْو ًﻻ َﺳدِي ًدا« ) ال ﱢن َﺳاءُ‪.(۹ :‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ــواء‬ ‫»و َلمﱠـــا َت َوجﱠ َﻪ ت ِْل َﻘا ِء َم ْد َي َﻥ َﻗا َﻝ َﻋ َﺳــﻰ َربﱢﻲ ﺃَﻥْ َي ْه ِد َينِﻲ َﺳ َ‬ ‫‪َ -4‬ﻗــا َﻝ َت َعــا َلﻰ‪َ :‬‬
‫ﺻﺹُ ‪.(22:‬‬ ‫«)ال َﻘ َ‬
‫يﻝ ْ‬ ‫الﺳ ِﱠب ِ‬
‫ﷲ َﻋ َل ْي ِﻪ َوﺁلِ ِﻪ َو َﺳلﱠ َم(‪َ » :‬ل ْو ﺃ ﱠن ُﻛ ْم ُﻛ ْن ُت ْم َت َت َو ﱠﻛلُ ْو َﻥ َﻋ َلﻰ ِ‬
‫ﷲ‬ ‫)ﺻلﱠﻰ ِ‬ ‫ﷲ َ‬ ‫‪َ -٥‬ﻗا َﻝ َرﺳُو ُﻝ ِ‬
‫الطي َْر َت ْﻐ ُد ْو ِﺧ َماﺻًا َو َتع ُْو ُد ِب َطا ًنا«‬ ‫َﺣ ﱠق َت َو ﱡﻛلِ ِﻪ َل َر َز َﻗ ُﻛ ْم َﻛ َما َيرْ ُز ُق ﱠ‬
‫ْﺕ ﺃَمْرً ا َﻓ َﻘﻊْ ِﻓ ْيﻪِ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥﱠ ﺷِ ﱠد َة َت َو ﱢﻗيْﻪ ﺃَﻋْ َﻅ ُم‬ ‫)ﻋ َل ْي ِﻪ الﺳﱠﻼ ُم(‪َ » :‬ﺇﺫا ِهب َ‬ ‫‪َ -٦‬ﻗا َﻝ ْاﻹ َما ُم َﻋلِﻲﱞ َ‬
‫ِممﱠا َت َﺧاﻑُ ِم ْنﻪُ«‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -۷‬ﻗا َﻝ ال ﱠﺷ ِريْﻑُ الرﱠ ﺿِ ﻲﱡ ‪:‬‬
‫اﺳ َنا َو ْال ِت َها َب َها‬‫َﻋ َرﺿْ َنا َل ُﻪ ﺃَ ْن َﻔ َ‬ ‫ﺷ ْو ُق َي ْومًا ﻗُلُ ْو َب َنا‬ ‫ﺇِ َﺫا َما َت َﺣ ّدﻯ ال ّ‬
‫‪َ -۸‬و َﻗا َﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ير م َِرا ِء‬ ‫بﻐ ِ‬ ‫ﺕ َل َﻙ ال ﱡد ِن َيا َ‬ ‫َل َﻛا َن ْ‬ ‫اﻥ ُﻛ ﱞﻝ ﺁﺧ ًِﺫا َﻗ ْد َر َن ْﻔﺳِ ِﻪ‬ ‫َو َل ْو َﻛ َ‬
‫‪َ -۹‬ﻗا َﻝ ال ﱠﺷا ِﻓعِﻲﱡ ‪:‬‬
‫َﺇﺫا َل ْم ﺃَ ِج ْد ﺧ ًِّﻼ َت ِﻘ ًّيا َﻓ ِوﺣْ دَ تِﻲ ﺃَ َل ﱡﺫ َوﺃَ ْﺷ َهﻰ ِمﻥْ َﻏ ِوﻱﱟ ﺃ ُ َﻋاﺷِ ُرﻩُ‬
‫‪َ -١0‬ﻗا َﻝ ال ﱠﺷاﻋِ رُ‪:‬‬
‫ﺕ ْاﺫ َه ِبﻲ‬ ‫ﺕ َيا َن ْﻔﺱُ ﺇِ َﺫا ﺷِ ْﺋ ِ‬ ‫ﻗُ ْل ُ‬ ‫ﺻ َبا‬‫ﱠام ال ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺃ َنا َل ْو َﻻ ﺫ ِْﻛ ُر ﺃي ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﺏ‬‫ﺕ َﻗ ْل ِبﻲ ِب ِﺫ ْﻛ ٍر َط ﱢي ِ‬ ‫ﺃَ ْن َع َﺷ ْ‬ ‫ﺻ َبا‬ ‫ﱠﺕ َ‬ ‫َﻏي َْر ﺃَ ﱠنﻲ ُﻛلﱠ َما َهب ْ‬
‫ﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ارت ِِه ْم‪َ ،‬ﻻ ْندَ َث َر ْ‬
‫ﺿ َ‬ ‫‪َ -١١‬ل ْو َما ِﺣرْ ﺹُ ْالع َِرا ِﻗ ﱢيي َْﻥ َﻋ َلﻰ َﺣ َ‬
‫‪ -١2‬ﺃَمﱠا َو َط ُن َنا‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُﺣ َما ُت ُﻪ ﺃَ َب ْناﺅُ ﻩُ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢٧‬‬
 ‫‪۲‬‬
‫ﺕ ال ﱠﺷرْ طِ ْال َج ِ‬
‫از َمةِ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻝ ﺃدَ َاوا ِ‬ ‫َﻋبﱢرْ َﻋ ِﻥ ْال َم َعانِﻲ ال ﱠتالِ َي ِة ِباﺳْ ِتعْ َم ِ‬
‫ﺻب ِْر َو ْال ُم َثا َب َرةِ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻥ َﻋ َلﻰ ْالم َِﺣ ِﻥ ِبال ﱠ‬ ‫ار ْاﻹ ْن َﺳ ِ‬ ‫ِﺻ ِ‬ ‫‪َ -١‬ت ْﻛ َرا ُر ا ْنت َ‬
‫ﺻ ِد ْيﻘ َ‬
‫ِﻙ‪.‬‬ ‫ار ِة ْال ُم ْت َﺣﻑِ ْالع َِراﻗِﻲﱢ ﻋِ ْندَ َم ِجﻲ ِء َ‬ ‫‪َ -2‬ر ْﻏ َب ُت َﻙ ﻓِﻲ ِز َي َ‬
‫ار َلوُ ج ُْو ِد ْال ِﻛ َتا َبةِ‪.‬‬
‫اﻉ ْاﻷ ْﻓ َﻛ ِ‬‫ﺿ َي ِ‬‫اﻉ َ‬ ‫ُﻋ ِﻥ امْ ِت َن ِ‬‫‪ -۳‬ال ﱠتعْ ِب ْير َ‬
‫ْﺿ ِة ْال َﺣجﱢ‪.‬‬‫ار ﻋِ ْندَ َﻋ ْودَ ِت ِﻪ ِمﻥْ ﺃدَ ا ِء َﻓ ِري َ‬ ‫ْﻙ ﻓِﻲ ْال َم َط ِ‬ ‫‪ -4‬اﺳْ ِت ْﻘ َبا َﻝ ِﺃبي َ‬
‫‪۳‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ُ ،‬ث ﱠم َ‬
‫ﺻﺣﱢ ﺣْ ﻪُ‪:‬‬ ‫َﻋي ِﱢﻥ ْال َﺧ َطﺄ ﻓِﻲ ْال ُج َم ِﻝ ال ﱠتالِ َيةِ‪ُ ،‬م َب ﱢي ًنا ال ﱠﺳ َب َ‬
‫ْﺕ ﺃَ ْﻛ َث َر‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ ِب َج ﱟد‪ُ ،‬ﻛلﱠ َما َﻛ َﺳب َ‬ ‫‪ُ -١‬ﻛلﱠ َما َﻋم ِْل َ‬
‫ْﻥ َوا ِجﺏٌ ِد ْينِﻲﱞ َوﺃَ ْﺧ َﻼﻗِﻲﱞ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﺃَمﱠا ِبرﱡ ْال َوالِدَ ي ِ‬
‫ﺕ ْال َﺣ ﱠق َل َما َﻻ َم َﻙ ﺃَ َﺣ ٌد‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ -۳‬ل ْو ﻗُ ْل َ‬
‫ﺕ ْال َﺣ َيا ِة َﻋ َلﻰ ْاﻷرْ ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﺽ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻙ ﻓِﻲ َم ْو ِ‬ ‫از َرﻉْ َو َﻻ َت ْﻘ َطﻊْ ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ُﻛلﱠ َما َت ْﻘ َط ُﻊ َﺷ َج َر ًة ُت َﺷ ِ‬
‫ار ُ‬ ‫‪ْ -4‬‬
‫ﺿ ْيﻔِﻲ ﺃَ ْﻛ َرمْ ُتﻪُ‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ -٥‬لمﱠا َي ِجﻲْ ُء َ‬
‫‪٤‬‬
‫ِﺏ ِباللﱠ ْو ِﻥ ْاﻷﺣْ َم ِر‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃَﻋْ ِرﺏْ َما ُﻛت َ‬
‫وﻥ ﻓِﻲ ْال َبﺣْ ِر« )الﻛهﻑ‪(۷۹ :‬‬ ‫ِيﻥ َيعْ َملُ َ‬‫ﺕ لِ َم َﺳاﻛ َ‬ ‫‪َ -١‬ﻗا َﻝ َت َعا َلﻰ‪» :‬ﺃَمﱠا ال ﱠﺳﻔِي َن ُة َﻓ َﻛا َن ْ‬
‫)ﻋ َلي ِْه َما الﺳ َﱠﻼ ُم(‪:‬‬
‫ْﻥ َ‬ ‫ُﺳي ِ‬‫‪َ -2‬ﻗا َﻝ ْال َﻔ َر ْزدَ ُق َيمْدَ ُﺡ ْاﻹِ َما َم َﻋلِ ًّيا ب َْﻥ ْالﺣ َ‬
‫ﺕ َﻻ َءﻩُ َن َـع ُم‬ ‫َلــوﻻ الـ ﱠت َﺷ ﱡه ُد ﻛـــا َن ْ‬ ‫ــط‪ ،‬ﺇﻻّ ﻓِــﻲ َتـ َﺷ ﱡه ِد ِﻩ‬ ‫َمـــا َﻗــــا َﻝ َﻻ َﻗ ﱡ‬
‫‪َ -۳‬ﻗا َﻝ ال ﱠﺳ َم ْوﺃَ ُﻝ بْﻥُ َﻋاد َيا َء‪:‬‬
‫َﻓــــ ُﻛ ﱡﻝ ِردَ ا ٍء َيـــــرْ َت ِد ْي ِﻪ َجـــ ِم ْي ُﻝ‬ ‫ْﱡ‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫ﺿ ُﻪ‬‫ﺅم ﻋِ رْ ُ‬ ‫ﺇِﺫا ال َمرْ ُء َل ْم ي ُْد َنﺱْ م َِﻥ الل ِ‬
‫‪َ -4‬ﻗا َﻝ َرﺷِ ْي ُد ﺃَي ْﱡوﺏُ ‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ َواﺣْ َت َج َبا‬ ‫ﺿا َء ِ‬ ‫اﺡ َي ْط ِوﻱ َﻓ َ‬ ‫َو َر َ‬ ‫َلمﱠـا َبدَ ا ْالـ َبرْ ُق ﻓِـﻲ ﱠ‬
‫الـﻅ ْل َما ِء م ُْل َت ِه َبــا‬
‫َ‬
‫اﻋ َج َبا‬ ‫اﻥ‪َ ،‬و َ‬ ‫َربﱠـــاﻩُ‪َ ،‬يا َﺧال َِق ْاﻷ ْﻛ َو ِ‬ ‫ْﺕ َربﱢﻲ‪َ ،‬و َطرْ ﻓِﻲ َيرْ ﻗُﺏُ ال ﱡﺳ ُﺣ َبــا‬ ‫َنـادَ ي ُ‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫ﺷﺏٌ‬‫ُﻙ ﺃَجْ َﺳا ُم ُه ْم َوﺇِﻥْ َيﻘُولُوا َتﺳْ َمﻊْ لِ َﻘ ْول ِِه ْم َﻛﺄ َ ﱠن ُه ْم ُﺧ ُ‬ ‫»وﺇِ َﺫا َرﺃَ ْي َت ُه ْم ُتعْ ِجب َ‬‫‪َ -١‬ﻗا َﻝ َت َعا َلﻰ َ‬
‫م َﱡﺳ ﱠندَ ةٌ« )المناﻓﻘوﻥ‪.(4:‬‬
‫ﻓِﻲ ْاﻵ َي ِة ْال َﻛ ِر ْي ِم ِة ﺃَدَ ا َتا َﺷرْ طٍ ‪ ،‬اﺳْ َت ْﺧ ِرجْ ُه َما‪َ ،‬و َبي ِﱢﻥ ال ﱠﺷ َب َﻪ َو ْ‬
‫اﻻﺧت َِﻼ َ‬
‫ﻑ َب ْي َن ُه َما‪.‬‬

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 ‫اﻟﺪ ْر ُس اﻟ َّﺜﺎﻟ ُ‬
‫ِﺚ‪ْ :‬اﻹ ْﻣ َْﻼ ُء‬ ‫َّ‬

‫ﺎت اﻟ َّﺘ ْﺮ ِﻗ ْﻴ ِﻢ‬ ‫َﻋ َﻼ َﻣ ُ‬

‫ِﻲ‪ :‬ال ﱡن ْﻘ َط ُة‪،‬‬ ‫ﺕ ال ﱠتر ِﻗي ِْم‪ ،‬ه َ‬ ‫ُوﻋ ًة ِمﻥْ َﻋ َﻼ َما ِ‬ ‫ﺕ ﻓِﻲ ْال َوﺣْ دَ ِة ال ﱠتاﺳِ َع ِة َمجْ م َ‬ ‫َل َﻘ ْد َت َعرﱠ ْﻓ َ‬
‫اﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ْﺹ َوال ﱠﺷرْ َط َت ِ‬ ‫اﻥ‪َ ،‬و َﻋ َﻼ َم ُة ال ﱠت ْنﺻِ ي ِ‬ ‫َو ْال َﻔاﺻِ َل ُة‪َ ،‬و ْال َﻔاﺻِ َل ُة ْال َم ْنﻘُ ْو َط ُة‪َ ،‬و ْال َﻘ ْو َﺳ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ﺃَ ْو ﻓِﻲ ﺁﺧ ِِر ِﻩ َت ْيﺳِ يْرً ا ل ِْلﻘ َِرا َءةِ‪،‬‬ ‫وﺿ ُﻊ َبي َْﻥ ﺃَجْ َزا ِء ْال َﻛ َﻼ ِم ْال َم ْﻛ ُتو ِ‬ ‫ِمْﺕ ﺃَ ﱠن َها ُرمُو ٌز ُت َ‬ ‫َو َﻋل َ‬
‫ﺕ الﺻ ْﱠو ِت ﱠي ِة ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫وال َو ْﻗﻑِ ‪َ ،‬و َت ْن ِوي ِْﻊ ال ﱠن َب َرا ِ‬ ‫َو َت ْوﺿِ يْﺣً ا ل ِْل َمعْ َنﻰ‪َ ،‬و َب َيا ًنا لِ َم َواﻗِﻊ اﻻ ْبتِدَ ا ِء‪ْ ،‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺃَ ْث َنا ِء ْالﻘ َِرا َءة ِب َما ُي َناﺳِ ﺏُ ْال َمعْ َنﻰ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫ِﻲ ِب َﺣ َﺳ ِ‬ ‫ﺕ ال ﱠترْ ِﻗي ِْم‪َ ،‬وه َ‬ ‫الوﺣْ دَ ِة ﺳ َت َت َعرﱠ ﻑُ َم َواﺿِ َﻊ ما َبﻘ َِﻲ ِمﻥْ َﻋ َﻼ َما ِ‬ ‫َوﻓِﻲِ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ َ‬
‫ﺕ ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ الﱠﺫِﻱ َﻗ َر ْﺃ َتﻪُ‪:‬‬ ‫َما َو َردَ ْ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﱡ ْ َ‬
‫ﺎﻥ)‪:(:‬‬ ‫ﺎﻥ ﺍﻟ َّﺮﺃ ِﺳ َﱠﻴ َﺘ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄ َﺘ ِ‬
‫اﻥ َﻋ َلﻰ ﺃَﻥﱠ َما َبعْ دَ ُه َماْ َت ْﻔﺻِ ْي ٌﻝ لِ َما َﻗ ْب َل ُه َما‪َ ،‬و َل ْو َتﺄَم ْﱠل َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫اﻥ الرﱠ ﺃﺳِ ﱠي َت ِ‬ ‫َت ُد ﱡﻝ ال ﱡن ْﻘ َط َت ِ‬
‫ﺕ‪َ :‬بعْ دَ ِﻓعْ ِﻝ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺃَ ّن َها وُ ﺿِ َع ْ‬ ‫ﺕ َﻛ ِثيْرً ا ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ َل َع َر ْﻓ َ‬ ‫َم َواﺿِ َﻊ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال َع َﻼ َم ِة الﱠتِﻲ اﺳْ ُتعْ ِم َل ْ‬
‫ِﻅ‪ِ :‬مﻥْ َﻋﻼ َم ِة الرﱡ ْﺷ ِد‬ ‫ﺕ(‪ ،‬م ِْثﻝُ‪َ ) :‬ﻗا َﻝ ْال َجاﺣ ُ‬ ‫ال َﻘ ْو ِﻝ‪ ،‬ﺃَﻱْ َبعْ دَ ) َﻗاْ َﻝ‪ِ ،‬ﻗ ْي َﻝ‪ُ ،‬ي َﻘاﻝُ‪َ ،‬ﻗا َل ْ‬
‫ْﻙ(‪،‬‬ ‫ْﻙ َﻛﺣُرْ َم ِة ﺃَ َب َوي َ‬ ‫ِﻙ َﻋ َلي َ‬ ‫ﻛوﻥ ال ﱠن ْﻔﺱُ ﺇِ َلﻰ َم ْولِ ِد َها ُم ْﺷ َتا َﻗ ًة(‪َ ،‬و) ِﻗ ْي َﻝ‪ :‬ﺣُرْ َم ُة َب َلد َ‬ ‫ﺃَﻥْ َت َ‬
‫ﺕ ْال ُﺣ َﻛ َماءُ‪ْ :‬ال َﺣ ِنيْﻥُ ِمﻥْ ِر ﱠﻗ ِة ْال َﻘ ْلﺏِ(‪.‬‬ ‫َو) ُي َﻘاﻝُ‪ :‬ﺃَرْ ﺽُ الرﱠ ج ُِﻝ ﻅِ ْﺋ ُرﻩُ(‪َ ،‬و) َﻗا َل ِ‬
‫ُ)ﺳﺄَﻝ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻥ ﺃَ ْيﺿًا َبعْ دَ َما ُي ْﺷ ِب ُﻪ ) َﻗا َﻝ( ﻓِﻲ ْال َمعْ َنﻰ‪ ،‬م ِْثﻝ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫اﻥ الرﱠ ﺃﺳِ ﱠي َت ِ‬ ‫ﺿ ُﻊ ال ﱡن ْﻘ َط َت ِ‬ ‫َو ُت ْو َ‬
‫ﺻ ِد ْيﻘِﻲ‪ :‬ﺃَي َْﻥ َﺳا َﻓ َر‬ ‫ﺕ َ‬ ‫)ﺳﺄ َ ْل ُ‬‫اﺏ‪َ ،‬ت َﻛلﱠ َم‪َ ،‬ﺣ َﻛﻰ‪ ،‬ر ﱠد‪ (...‬م ِْث ُﻝ َﻗ ْول َِﻙ‪َ :‬‬ ‫ﺙ‪ ،‬ﺃَ َج َ‬ ‫ﺃَ ْﺧ َب َر‪َ ،‬ﺣ ﱠد َ‬
‫اﻝ ْال َمﺄْ ُث ْو َرةِ‪َ :‬ر ْﺃﺱُ‬ ‫ﺱ‪ ،‬م ِْثﻝُ‪ ) :‬م َِﻥ ْاﻷَ ْﻗ َو ِ‬ ‫ﺿ ُﻊ َﻗ ْب َﻝ ْال َﻛ َﻼ ِم ْال ُم ْﻘ َت َب ِ‬ ‫ﺃَب ُْو َﻙ؟(‪َ ،‬ﻛ َﺫل َِﻙ ُت ْو َ‬
‫ﷲ(‪.‬‬ ‫ْال ِﺣ ْﻛ َم ِة َم َﺧا َﻓ ُة ِ‬
‫ْﻥ َﻗ ْد وُ ﺿِ َع َتا ﺃَ ْيﺿًا َبي َْﻥ ال ﱠﺷﻲْ ِء َوﺃَ ْﻗ َﺳا ِم ِﻪ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ْﻥ الرﱠ ﺃﺳِ ﱠي َتي ِ‬ ‫ﻋ ُْد ﺇِ َلﻰ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ َت ِج ْد ﺃَﻥﱠ ال ﱡن ْﻘ َط َتي ِ‬
‫ﺕ ْال َعاﻗ ِِﻝ‪ِ :‬برﱡ ﻩُ ِﻹِ ْﺧ َوا ِنﻪِ‪َ ،‬و َﺣ ِن ْي ُن ُﻪ ﺇِ َلﻰ‬ ‫ارا ِ‬ ‫اَ ْو ﺃَ ْن َواﻋِ ﻪِ‪ ،‬م ِْث ُﻝ َماْ َو َردَ ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ ‪ِ ) :‬مﻥْ ﺃ َم َ‬
‫ْﻥ‬ ‫ﻼ ِم الﱠﺫِﻱ َجا َء َبعْ دَ ال ﱡن ْﻘ َط َتي ِ‬ ‫ارا ُت ُﻪ ِﻷَهْ ِﻝ َز َما ِنﻪِ( ﺃَ ْنع ِِم ال ﱠن َﻅ َر ﻓِﻲ ال َﻛ َ ْ‬ ‫ﺃَ ْو َطا ِنﻪِ‪َ ،‬ومُدَ َ‬
‫ارا ُت ُﻪ ِﻷَهْ ِﻝ َز َما ِنﻪِ( َت ِج ْدﻩُ ِمﻥْ‬ ‫)برﱡ ﻩُ ِﻹِ ْﺧ َوا ِنﻪِ‪َ ،‬و َﺣ ِن ْي ُن ُﻪ ﺇِ َلﻰ ﺃَ ْو َطا ِنﻪِ‪َ ،‬ومُدَ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ْﻥ ِ‬ ‫الرﱠ ﺃﺳِ ﱠي َتي ِ‬
‫)ال َﻛلِ َم ُة‪ :‬اﺳْ ٌم‪َ ،‬و ِﻓعْ ﻝٌ‪َ ،‬و َﺣرْ ﻑٌ (‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ ْال َعاﻗ ِِﻝ(‪َ ،‬وم ِْث ُﻝ َﺫل َِﻙ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫ارا ِ‬ ‫اﻉ )ﺃ َم َ‬ ‫ﺃ ْن َو ِ‬
‫ﺿ ُﺢ َماْ َﻗ ْب َلﻪُ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻼ ِم الﱠﺫِﻱ ي َُو ﱢ‬ ‫اﻙ َم َواﺿِ ُﻊ ﺃ ُ ْﺧ َرﻯ لِ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال َع َﻼ َمةِ‪ِ ،‬م ْن َها‪َ :‬ﻗ ْب َﻝ ْال َﻛ َ ْ‬ ‫َو ُه َن َ‬

‫‪٢٩‬‬
 ‫ْ‬
‫ْﻥ‬‫ْﻥ الرﱠ ﺃﺳِ ﱠي َتي ِ‬ ‫)ال َمرْ ُء ِبﺄَﺻْ َﻐ َر ْيﻪِ‪َ :‬ﻗ ْل ِب ِﻪ َول َِﺳا ِنﻪِ(‪َ ،‬ﻻﺣ ِْﻅ ﺃَﻥﱠ َما َجا َء َبعْ دَ ال ﱡن ْﻘ َط َتي ِ‬ ‫م ِْثﻝُ‪ْ :‬‬
‫ﱠﺢ َما َجا َء َﻗ ْب َل ُه َما ْ َ‬ ‫)ال َﻘ ْلﺏُ َواللﱢ َﺳاﻥُ ( َﻗ ْد َوﺿ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫اﻥ(‪.‬‬ ‫)اﻷﺻْ َﻐ َر ِ‬
‫)ال َﻔاﻋِ ﻝُ‪ :‬اﺳْ ٌم َمرْ ﻓُ ْوﻉٌ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺿ ُﺢ ْال َﻘاﻋِ دَ َة‪ ،‬م ِْثﻝُ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ﺿ ُﻊ َﻗ ْب َﻝ ْاﻷَمْ ِث َل ِة الﱠتِﻲ ُت َو ﱢ‬ ‫َﻛ َﺫل َِﻙ ُت ْو َ‬
‫اﻥ َﻗ ْد وُ ﺿِ َع َتا َﻗ ْب َﻝ ُج ْم َل ِة ) َن َج َﺢ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫م ِْثﻝُ‪َ :‬ن َج َﺢ ﱠ‬
‫الطالِﺏُ‬ ‫اﻥ الرﱠ ﺃﺳِ ﱠي َت ِ‬ ‫الطالِﺏُ ْال َجا ﱡد( َﻓال ﱡن ْﻘ َط َت ِ‬
‫ﺿ ُﻊ ﺃَ ْيﺿًا َﻗ ْب َﻝ ال ﱠت ْﻔﺳِ ي ِْر‪،‬‬ ‫)ال َﻔاﻋِ ُﻝ اﺳْ ٌم َمرْ ﻓُ ْوﻉٌ(‪َ ،‬و ُت ْو َ‬ ‫ﺕ ْال َﻘاﻋِ دَ َة ْ‬ ‫ْال َجا ﱡد( الﱠتِﻲ َوﺿ َﱠﺣ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ ‪َ ) :‬توﱠ ا َﻗ ٌة‪ُ :‬م ْﺷ َتا َﻗ ٌة(‪،‬‬ ‫ﺃَﻱ َبي َْﻥ ال َﻛلِ َم ِة َو َمعْ َنا َها‪ ،‬م ِْث ُﻝ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال َﻛلِ َم ِة الﱠتِﻲ َو َردَ ْ‬
‫)ال َم ْﻔعُو ُﻝ ِبﻪِ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺕ ال ﱠدالﱠ ِة َﻋ َلﻰ ال ﱠت ْم ِثي ِْﻝ‪) ،‬م ِْثﻝُ‪َ ،‬و َنﺣْ وُ (‪ ،‬م ِْثﻝُ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ﺿ ُﻊ َبعْ دَ ْال َﻛلِ َما ِ‬
‫و َﻛ َﺫا ُت ْو َ‬
‫ﺻ َي ِﻎ ْال َم ْﺧ ُت ْو َم ِة‬‫ﺕ ْال ُم َت َﻔوﱢ ﻗِاﺕِ(‪َ ،‬و َبعْ دَ ال ﱢ‬ ‫ﺕ ْال ُم ِدي َْرةُ ﱠ‬
‫الطالِ َبا ِ‬ ‫اﺳْ ٌم َم ْنﺻ ُْوﺏٌ ‪َ ،‬نﺣْ وُ ‪ :‬ﺃَ ْﻛ َر َم ِ‬
‫ِبﺄ َ ْل َﻔاﻅِ ‪َ ) :‬ما َيلِﻲ‪َ ،‬ماْ َيﺄْتِﻲ‪ ،‬ال ﱠتالِﻲ‪ْ ،‬اﻵتِﻲ( ‪،‬م ِْث ُﻝ )ﺃَ ِجﺏْ َﻋمّا َيلِﻲ‪) ،(:‬م ﱢِث ْﻝ لِ َماْ َيﺄْتِﻲ‪،(:‬‬
‫) َنﺻِ ي َْﺣ ِتﻲْ َل ُﻛ ْم َت َت َل ﱠﺧﺹُ ﻓِﻲ ْاﻵتِﻲ‪.(:‬‬
‫‪َ -٢‬ﻋ َﻼ َﻣ ُﺔ ْﺍﻟ َﺤ ْﺬ ِﻑ )‪:(...‬‬
‫ﺕ َبعْ دَ ْال َﻛ َﻼ ِم‬ ‫ﺕ وُ ﺿِ َع ْ‬ ‫ﺙ ُن َﻘاطٍ ُم َت َوالِ َيا ٍ‬ ‫َﻻﺣ ِْﻅ َﺷ ْﻛ َﻝ ه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال َع َﻼ َم ِة َت ِج ْد َها َث َﻼ َ‬
‫ﺏ َو ْال َم ِﺣ ﱢﻝ ْال َﻘ ْﻔ ِر َو ْال َﺣ َج ِر الﺻ ْﱠلدِ‪َ ،‬و َتﺳْ َت ْو ِﺧ ُم‬ ‫ْاﻵتِﻲ‪ْ ) :‬اﻷَﻋْ َراﺏُ َتﺣِﻥﱡ ﺇِ َلﻰ ْال َب َل ِد ْال َج ْد ِ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫اﻙ َﻛ َﻼمًا َمﺣْ ُﺫو ًﻓا مِﻥ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ ‪َ ،‬وم ِْث ُﻝ َﻗ ْول َِﻙ‪َ ) :‬ﻗ َر ْﺃ ُ‬ ‫ْﻑ‪(...‬؛ لِل ﱠد َﻻ َل ِة َﻋ َلﻰ ﺃَﻥﱠ ُه َن َ‬ ‫الرﱢ ي َ‬
‫ﱠام َو ْالبُﺣْ ُت ِرﻱﱢ َو‪.(...‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺷ َع َرا ِء‪ْ :‬ال ُم َت َنبﱢﻲﱢ َوﺃ ِبﻲ َتم ٍ‬‫ﺻاﺋِدَ لِل ُ‬ ‫َﻗ َ‬
‫َﺠ ِﺐ )!(‪:‬‬ ‫‪َ -٣‬ﻋ َﻼ َﻣ ُﺔ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺘﻌ ﱡ‬
‫ﺃَ ْنع ِِم ال ﱠن َﻅ َر ﻓِﻲ َم ْوﺿِ ِﻊ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال َع َﻼ َم ِة َت ِج ْد ﺃَ ﱠن َها َﻗ ْد وُ ﺿِ َع ْ‬
‫ﺕ ﻓِﻲ ِن َها َي ِة ُج ْم َل ٍة ُت َع ﱢب ُر‬
‫ﺻ ْن َﻊ ْال َﺧال ِِق!(‪،‬‬ ‫َﻋ ِﻥ ال ﱠت َعجﱡ ﺏِ‪َ ) :‬ما ﺃَﺻ َب َر ُﻛ ْم َﻋ َلﻰ ال َب ْد ِو!(‪َ ،‬وم ِْث ُﻝ َﻗ ْول َِﻙ‪َ ) :‬ما ﺃَرْ َو َﻉ ُ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺿ ُﻊ َﻛ َﺫل َِﻙ َبعْ دَ ْال ُج َم ِﻝ الﱠتِﻲ ُتع ﱢب ُر َﻋ ِﻥ اﻻ ْنﻔ َِع َاﻻ ِ‬ ‫َو ُت َﺳمﱠﻰ ﺃَ ْيﺿًا َﻋ َﻼ َم َة )ال ﱠتﺄ َ ﱡث ِر(‪َ ،‬و ُت ْو َ‬
‫)وا َﻓرْ َﺣ َتاﻩُ!(‪َ ،‬و ْالﺣ ُْز ِﻥ‪ ،‬م ِْثﻝُ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺕ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َه ِن ْي ًﺋا َل َﻙ!(‪َ ،‬و َ‬ ‫ال ﱠن ْﻔﺳِ ﱠيةِ‪َ ،‬ﻛ ْال َﻔ َر ِﺡ‪ ،‬م ِْثﻝُ‪َ ) :‬ل َﻘ ْد َن َجﺣْ َ‬
‫ارﺏِ!(‪َ ،‬وال ﱡد َﻋا ِء‪ ،‬م ِْثﻝُ‪) :‬اللﱠ ُه ﱠم‪َ ،‬و ﱢﻓ ْﻘنِﻲ لِ َما ُتﺣِﺏﱡ َو َترْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫) َما ﺃَ َ‬
‫ﺿﻰ!(‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺳﻰ ﻅ ْل َم ْاﻷ َﻗ ِ‬
‫ﷲ!(‪َ ،‬واﻻﺳْ ت ِْﻐ َراﺏِ‪ ،‬م ِْثﻝُ‪ ) :‬ﺇﻥﱠ َه َﺫا َل َﺷﻲْ ٌء‬ ‫ﺏ ِ‬ ‫ِلﻅال ِِم ِمﻥْ َﻋ َﺫا ِ‬ ‫)و ْي ٌﻝ ل ﱠ‬ ‫وال ﱠت ْه ِد ْيدِ‪ ،‬م ِْثﻝُ‪َ :‬‬
‫ﻋ َُجاﺏٌ !(‪َ ،‬وال ﱠت َﺫم ِﱡر‪ ،‬م ِْثﻝُ‪َ ) :‬ل َﻘ ْد َط َﻔ َﺢ ْال َﻛ ْيﻝُ!(‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﺮ َﻃ ُﺔ )‪:(-‬‬‫‪ -٤‬ﱠ‬
‫ﱠط ِر‪ ،‬لِ َﻔﺻْ ِﻝ‬ ‫ﺕ ﻓِﻲ ﺃَوﱠ ِﻝ الﺳ ْ‬ ‫َتﺄ َ ﱠم ْﻝ َم ْوﺿِ َﻊ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال َع َﻼ َم ِة ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ َت ِج ْد َها َﻗ ْد وُ ﺿِ َع ْ‬

‫‪٣٠‬‬
 ‫ار ِة ﺇِ َلي ِْه َما ِبم ِْث ِﻝ‪َ ) :‬ﻗا َﻝ‪َ ،‬وﺃَ َج َ‬
‫اﺏ‪َ ،‬و َر ﱠد َﻋ َل ْيﻪِ(‪،‬‬ ‫او ِري َْﻥ ل ِِﻼﺳْ ت ِْﻐ َنا ِء َﻋ ِﻥ ْاﻹِ َﺷ َ‬
‫َﻛ َﻼ ِم ْال ُم َت َﺣ ِ‬
‫ﺽ ْاﻷَﻋْ َراﺏِ‪:‬‬ ‫م ِْثﻝُ‪ِ :‬ﻗ ْي َﻝ لِ َبعْ ِ‬
‫ْط ُة؟‬‫‪َ -‬ما ْال ِﻐب َ‬
‫َ‬
‫اﻥ‪َ ،‬و ْال ُجلُوﺱُ َم َﻊ ْاﻹِ ْﺧ َو ِ‬
‫اﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ْ -‬ال ِﻛ َﻔا َي ُة َم َﻊ لُ ُز ْو ِم ْاﻷ ْو َط ِ‬
‫اﻙ َم َواﺿِ ُﻊ ﺃ ُ ْﺧ َرﻯ ُتﺳْ َتعْ َم ُﻝ ﻓِي َها ال ﱠﺷرْ َط ُة‪ِ ،‬م ْن َها‪َ :‬بي َْﻥ ْال َعدَ ِد َر ْﻗمًا َو ِﻛ َتا َب ًة‬ ‫َو ُه َن َ‬
‫وال َمعْ ُد ْودِ‪َ ،‬ﻓمِثا ُﻝ ْال َعدَ ِد َر ْﻗمًا‪:‬‬‫ْ‬
‫لِﻼﺳْ م َث َﻼ ُ‬
‫ﺙ َﺣ َاﻻ ٍ‬
‫ﺕ ﺇِﻋْ َر ِاب ﱠي ٍة ‪:‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫الجرﱡ ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -۳‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ال ﱠنﺻْ ﺏُ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-١‬الرﱠ ْﻓﻊُ‪.‬‬
‫َو ِم َثا ُﻝ ْال َعدَ ِد ِﻛ َت ً‬
‫ابة‪:‬‬
‫ِمﻥْ َﻓ َوا ِﺋ ِد ْالﻘ َِرا َء ِة ‪:‬‬
‫َثال ًِثا‪ِ -‬ز َيادَ ةُ ال ِﺧب َْرةِ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃَوﱠ ًﻻ‪َ -‬ﻛﺳْ ﺏُ ْال َمعْ لُ ْو َماﺕِ‪َ .‬ثا ِنيًا‪َ -‬ت ْن ِم َي ُة ﱠ‬
‫الث َﻘا َﻓةِ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ‬‫ﺕ ال ُم ْﻔ َردَ ِة ﺃَ ِو ْاﻷَرْ َﻗ ِام ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠت ْم ِثي ِْﻝ‪ ،‬م ِْثﻝُ‪َ ) :‬ها ِ‬ ‫وﺿ ُﻊ ل ِْل َﻔﺻْ ِﻝ َبي َْﻥ ْال َﻛلِ َما ِ‬
‫َﻛ َﺫل َِﻙ ُت َ‬
‫ﺱ ‪َ -‬ﺳﺄ َﻝ ‪َ -‬و َجدَ ‪ -‬ﺃَ َﻛ َﻝ(‪َ ،‬ول َِﺣﺻْ ِر‬ ‫اﻝ ْالمَاﺿِ َي ِة ْاﻵ ِت َيةِ‪َ :‬‬
‫)ج َل َ‬ ‫مْر م َِﻥ ْاﻷَ ْﻓ َع ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِﻓعْ َﻝ ْاﻷ ِ‬
‫اﻋاﺕٍ(‬ ‫ْاﻷَرْ َﻗ ِام‪ ،‬م ِْثﻝُ‪) :‬ﺃَ ْﻗ َرﺃ ُ ُﻛ ﱠﻝ َي ْو ٍم ﻓِﻲ ُﺣ ُد ْو ِد ‪َ ٥-۳‬ﺳ َ‬
‫‪َ -٥‬ﻋ َﻼ َﻣ ُﺔ ْ ْ‬
‫ﺎﻡ )؟(‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳ ِﺘﻔ َﻬ ِ‬
‫عﻼ َم ِة‬ ‫دَ ّﻗ ِق ال ﱠن َﻅ َر ﻓِﻲ َم ْوﺿِ ِﻊ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال َ‬
‫ِﺪ ٌة‬
‫َتج ْد ﺃَ ﱠن َها َﻗ ْد وُ ﺿِ َع ْﺕ ﻓِﻲ ِن َها َي ِة ُج ْم َل ٍة اﺳْ ُت ْﻔهم َﻓﺎﺋ َ‬
‫َِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺿ ُﻊ َبعْ دَ ْال ُج ْم َل ِة‬ ‫َﻋ َﻼ َم ُة اﻻﺳْ ِت ْﻔ َه ِام ُت ْو َ‬ ‫ْط ُة؟(‪َ ،‬وم ِْث ُﻝ‬ ‫ِب َها َﻋﻥْ َﺷﻲْ ٍء‪ ،‬م ِْثﻝُ‪َ ) :‬ما ْال ِﻐب َ‬
‫ﺕ ﺃَدَ اةُ‬ ‫ـــوا ٌء ﺃَ َﻛــا َن ْ‬
‫اﻻﺳْ ِت ْﻔ َها ِم ﱠي ِة َﺳ َ‬ ‫َﺫل َِﻙ َﻗ ْو ُﻝ ال ﱠﺷاﻋِ ر‪:‬‬
‫اﻻﺳْ ِت ْﻔ َه ِام َم ْﺫ ُﻛ ْو َر ًة ﻓِﻲ ْال ُج ْم َلةِ‪ ،‬م ِْثﻝُ‪:‬‬ ‫ِب َمﻥْ َيث ُِق ْاﻹِ ْن َﺳاﻥُ ﻓِي َما َي ُنوبُــــﻪُ؟‬
‫ُوﻙ؟(‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْم َمﺣْ ُﺫ ْو َﻓ ًة‪،‬‬ ‫)ﺃَي َْﻥ َﺳا َﻓ َر ﺃَب َ‬ ‫َو ِمﻥْ ﺃَي َْﻥ ل ِْلﺣُرﱢ ْال َﻛ ِري ِْم ﺻِ َﺣاﺏُ ؟‬
‫م ِْثﻝُ‪َ ) :‬ت َرﻯ ْال ُم ْن َﻛ َر َو َﻻ ُت َﻐيﱢرْ ﻩُ؟(ﺃَﻱْ ‪:‬‬
‫)ﺃَ َت َرﻯ ْال ُم ْن َﻛ َر َو َﻻ ُت َﻐيﱢرْ ﻩُ؟(‪.‬‬

‫‪٣١‬‬
 ‫ﻼﺻ ُﺔ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻹ ْﻣ َﻼ ِء‬ ‫ُﺧ َ‬

‫ﺕ ال ﱠترْ ِﻗي ِْم‪:‬‬ ‫ِمﻥْ َﻋ َﻼ َما ِ‬

‫ﱠﺘﺎﻥ )‪ُ ،(:‬ﺗ ْﻮ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﱡ ْ َ‬
‫َﺎﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺿﻌ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﻥ ﺍﻟ َﱠﺮﺃ ِﺳ َﻴ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄ َﺘ ِ‬
‫‪َ -١‬بعْ دَ ِﻓعْ ِﻝ ْال َﻘ ْو ِﻝ ) َﻗا َﻝ( ﺃَ ْو ﻓِﻲ َما َمعْ َناﻩُ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -2‬بي َْﻥ ال ﱠﺷﻲ ِء َوﺃَ ْﻗ َﺳا ِم ِﻪ َوﺃَ ْن َواﻋِ ﻪِ‪.‬‬
‫ْﺢ‪َ ،‬ولِل َتمْ ِثي ِْﻝ لِل َﺷﻲْ ِء‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -۳‬لِل َت ْوﺿِ ي ِ‬
‫ﺿ ُﺢ َﻗاﻋِ دَ ًة‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ -4‬ﻗ ْب َﻝ ْاﻷَمْ ِث َل ِة الﱠتِﻲ ُت َو ﱢ‬
‫ﺕ ال ﱠدالﱠ ِة َﻋ َلﻰ ال ﱠت ْم ِثي ِْﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ -٥‬بعْ دَ ْال َﻛلِ َما ِ‬
‫ﺻ َي ِﻎ ْال َم ْﺧ ُت ْو َم ِة ِبﺄ َ ْل َﻔاﻅِ ‪َ ) :‬ما َيلِﻲ‪َ ،‬ماْ َيﺄْتِﻲ‪ ،‬ال ﱠتالِﻲ‪ْ ،‬اﻵتِﻲ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ -٦‬بعْ دَ ال ﱢ‬
‫ﺏ‪َ -‬ﻋ َﻼ َﻣ ُﺔ ْﺍﻟ َﺤ ْﺬ ِﻑ )‪:(...‬‬
‫ﺽ ْال َﻛ َﻼ ِم م َِﻥ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿ ُﻊ لِلدَ َﻻ َل ِة َﻋ َلﻰ َﺣ ْﺫﻑِ َبعْ ِ‬ ‫ُت ْو َ‬
‫َﺠ ِﺐ )!(‪:‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‪َ -‬ﻋ َﻼ َﻣ ُﺔ ﺍﻟ َﱠﺘﻌ ﱡ‬
‫ﺿ ُﻊ ﻓِﻲ ِن َها َي ِة ُﻛ ﱢﻝ جُمْ َل ٍة ُت َع ﱢب ُر َﻋ ِﻥ اﻻ ْنﻔ َِع َاﻻ ِ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ُت َﺳمﱠﻰ َﻋ َﻼ َم ُة )ال ﱠتﺄ َ ﱡث ِر(‪َ ،‬و ُت ْو َ‬
‫ال ﱠن ْﻔﺳِ ﱠيةِ‪َ ،‬ﻛال ﱠت َعجﱡ ﺏِ‪َ ،‬و ْال َﻔ َر ِﺡ‪َ ،‬و ْالﺣ ُْز ِﻥ‪َ ،‬وال ﱡد َﻋا ِء‪َ ،‬وال ﱠت ْه ِد ْيدِ‪َ ،‬واﻻﺳْ ت ِْﻐ َراﺏِ‪َ ،‬وال ﱠت َﺫم ِﱡر‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ ْﺮ َﻃ ُﺔ )‪:(-‬‬ ‫ﺩ‪ -‬ﱠ‬
‫ﺿﻊُ‪:‬‬ ‫ُت ْو َ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻓِﻲ ﺃَوﱠ ِﻝ الﺳ ْ‬
‫او ِري َْﻥ ﺇِﺫا ﺃ ِريْدَ اﻻﺳْ ت ِْﻐ َنا ُء َﻋﻥْ ِﺫ ْﻛ ِر اﺳْ َم ِ‬
‫يه َما‬ ‫ﱠط ِر لِ َﻔﺻْ ِﻝ َﻛ َﻼ ِم ْال ُم َت َﺣ ِ‬
‫ار ِة ﺇِ َلي ِْه َما‪.‬‬‫ﺃَ ِو ْاﻹِ َﺷ َ‬
‫وال َمعْ ُد ْودِ‪.‬‬‫‪َ -2‬بي َْﻥ ْال َعدَ ِد َر ْﻗمًا و ِﻛ َتا َب ًة ْ‬
‫ﺕ ْال ُم ْﻔ َردَ ةِ‪ ،‬ﺃَ ِو ْاﻷَرْ َﻗ ِام ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠت ْم ِثي ِْﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -۳‬ل ِْل َﻔﺻْ ِﻝ َبي َْﻥ ْال َﻛلِ َما ِ‬
‫‪ -4‬ل َِﺣﺻْ ِر ْاﻷَرْ َﻗ ِام‪.‬‬
‫ﻫـ‪َ -‬ﻋ َﻼ َﻣ ُﺔ ْ ْ‬
‫ﺎﻡ )؟(‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳ ِﺘﻔ َﻬ ِ‬
‫ﺻ ُد ِب َها اﻻﺳْ ِت ْﻔ َها ُم َﻋﻥْ َﺷﻲْ ٍء‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿ ُﻊ ﻓِﻲ ِن َها َي ِة ُﻛ ﱢﻝ ُج ْم َل ٍة ُي ْﻘ َ‬ ‫ُت ْو َ‬

‫‪٣٢‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﱠ ْﻤ ِﺮ ْﻳﻨَﺎﺕُ‬
‫‪۱‬‬
‫ﺕ ال ﱠترْ ِﻗي ِْم ﻓِﻲ َم َواﺿِ ِع َها ﻓِﻲ َما َيﺄْتِﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺿﻊْ َﻋ َﻼ َما ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ْق َه ْﻔ َو َة َ‬
‫ﺻ ِد ْي ِﻘ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺃ‪َ -‬ما ﺃَجْ َم َﻝ ﺃَﻥْ َي َت َج َاو َز ال ﱠ‬
‫ﺻ ِدي ُ‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬م َِﻥ ْاﻷَ ْم َث ِ‬
‫اﻝ ْال َع َر ِب ﱠي ِة ْال َجا ُر َﻗ ْب َﻝ ال ﱠد ِ‬
‫ار‪.‬‬
‫جـ‪ -‬ﺃَ ْن َوا ُﻉ ْال َﺧ َب ِر َث َﻼ َث ٌة ‪ُ -١‬م ْﻔ َر ٌد ‪ُ -2‬ج ْم َل ٌة ‪ -۳‬ﺷِ ْب ُﻪ ُج ْم َلةٍ‪.‬‬
‫اﻙ ﷲُ الﺳ َﱠﻼ َم ُة َوﻓِﻲ ْال َع َج َل ِة ال ﱠندَ ا َم ُة‪.‬‬ ‫د‪ -‬ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠتﺄ َ ﱢنﻲ َر َﻋ َ‬
‫ﺿ ﱢم ْال َبا ِء ْال َﻘ ْمﺢُ‪.‬‬
‫هـ‪ْ -‬ال ِبرﱡ ِب َﻛﺳْ ِر ْال َبا ِء ْاﻹِﺣْ َﺳاﻥُ ْال َبرﱡ ِب َﻔ ْت ِﺢ ْال َبا ِء ْال َي ِاب َﺳ ُة ْالبُرﱡ ِب َ‬
‫‪۲‬‬
‫ﺕ ال ﱠترْ ِﻗي ِْم ْاﻵ ِت َيةِ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻝ َﻋ َﻼ َما ِ‬ ‫ﺻﺣﱢ ِﺢ ْال َﺧ َطﺄ َ ﻓِﻲ اﺳْ ِتعْ َم ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺃ‪َ -‬مﻥْ َيﺣِﻥﱡ َﻋ َلﻰ ْاﻷَ ْب َنا ِء ﺃَ ْﻛ َث ُر م َِﻥ َوالِدَ ي ِْه َما‪.‬‬
‫اﺵ َب ِﺧي ًْﻼ َو َت َم ﱠت َﻊ َﻏ ْي ُرﻩُ ِب َمالِﻪِ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪َ -‬ﻋ َ‬
‫جـ‪ُ -‬تﺣِﺏﱡ ْال َﻔ َتاةُ ﺃَ َبا َها‪َ .‬و ُتعْ َجﺏُ ِبﻪِ‪َ :‬و َﻗ ِد ْيمًا ِﻗ ْي َﻝ؛ ‪ُ -‬ﻛ ﱡﻝ َﻓ َتا ٍة ِبﺄ َ ِب ْي َها مُعْ َج َب ٌة‪-‬‬
‫د‪ -‬ﺃَ ﱡي َها ال ﱠﺷ َباﺏُ ؟ ْالمُﺳْ َت ْﻘ َب ُﻝ َبي َْﻥ ﺃَ ْي ِد ْي ُﻛ ْم!‬
‫هـ‪ -‬ﺃَﺣْ ﺳِ ﻥْ َﻛ َما ﺃَﺣْ َﺳ َﻥ ﷲُ ﺇِ َلي َ‬
‫ْﻙ‪:‬‬
‫‪۳‬‬
‫ﺕ ال ﱠترْ ِﻗي ِْم الﱠتِﻲ يَﺻِ ﱡﺢ َوﺿْ ُع َها َﻋ َلﻰ‬ ‫ْﺢ الﱠﺫِﻱ ُي َم ﱢث ُﻝ َﻋ َﻼ َما ِ‬ ‫ﺻ ِﺣي َ‬ ‫اﺏ ال ﱠ‬ ‫اﺧ َت ِر ْال َج َو َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ﺕ ْاﻵ ِت َيةِ‪:‬‬‫اﻏا ِ‬‫ال ﱠت َوالِﻲ ﻓِﻲ ْال َﻔ َر َ‬
‫اﺡ َﻻ َيﺣْ َتا ُﺝ ﺇِ َلﻰ ﺃَ ْﻗدَ ٍام‪َ ....‬ب ْﻝ ﺇِ َلﻰ ﺇِ ْﻗدَ ٍام‪....‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪ُ -‬ي َﻘاﻝُ‪ ....‬ﺇِﻥﱠ ال ﱠن َج َ‬
‫‪(.‬‬ ‫؛‬ ‫‪:)-۳ (.‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪:)-2 (.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪: )-١‬‬
‫ﺿا َﻓةِ‪....‬م ِْثﻝُ‪َ ....‬ﻓاﻋِ لُ ْو ْال َﺧي ِْر َﻛ ِث ْير ُْو َﻥ‪....‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪ُ -‬تﺣْ َﺫﻑُ ُن ْوﻥُ َجم ِْﻊ ْالم َُﺫ ﱠﻛ ِر الﺳﱠال ِِم ﻋِ ْندَ ْاﻹِ َ‬
‫!(‬ ‫‪) -۳ (.‬؛ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪:) -2 (.‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪،) -١‬‬
‫ْﻙ‪....‬‬ ‫اﻥ‪َ ....‬ي ْو ٌم َل َﻙ‪َ ....‬و َي ْو ٌم َﻋ َلي َ‬ ‫جـ‪ -‬ال ﱠدهْ ُر َي ْو َم ِ‬
‫؛ ‪(.‬‬ ‫‪:) -۳ (. ،‬‬ ‫‪:) -2‬‬ ‫‪(،‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪:) -١‬‬
‫د‪ِ -‬ﻗ ْي َﻝ َﻗ ِد ْيمًا‪ْ ....‬ال َﻘ َرا َب ُة َتﺣْ َتا ُﺝ ﺇِ َلﻰ َم َو ﱠدةٍ‪َ ....‬و ْال َم َو ﱠدةُ َﻻ َتﺣْ َتا ُﺝ ﺇِ َلﻰ َﻗ َرا َبةٍ‪....‬‬
‫‪(.‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪:) -۳ (.‬‬ ‫؛‬ ‫‪:) -2‬‬ ‫!(‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪:) -١‬‬

‫‪٣٣‬‬
 ‫هـ‪ْ -‬ال ِبرﱡ َﺷﻲْ ٌء َهيﱢﻥٌ ‪َ ....‬وجْ ٌﻪ َط ْل ٌق‪َ ....‬و َﻛ َﻼ ٌم َليﱢﻥٌ ‪....‬‬
‫‪(.‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪:) -۳ (.‬‬ ‫؛‬ ‫‪،) -2‬‬ ‫‪(.‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪،) -١‬‬
‫‪٤‬‬
‫ﺕ ال ﱠترْ ِﻗي ِْم ﻓِﻲ َم َواﺿِ ِع َها ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ ْاﻵتِﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺏ َوﺿْ ِﻊ َﻋ َﻼ َما ِ‬ ‫َبيﱢﻥْ َﺳ َب َ‬
‫ْﻥ َهار ُْو َﻥ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َل ْم َنب َْرﺡْ ‪َ ،‬ﺣ ّتﻰ ﻛ ِْد َنا‬ ‫َﻗا َﻝ ال ﱠﺷاﻋِ ُر ِدﻋْ ِب ُﻝ ْال ُﺧ َزاﻋِ ﻲﱡ ‪ :‬ﺃَ َﻗمْ َنا ﻋِ ْندَ َﺳه ِْﻝ ب ِ‬
‫ُوﻉ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َلمﱠا اﺿْ َط َررْ َناﻩُ َﻗا َﻝ‪َ :‬يا ُﻏ َﻼ ُم‪َ ،‬و ْي َل َﻙ! ﻋ ُْد َناَ‪َ .‬ﻗا َﻝ‪َ :‬ﻓ َجا َء ِب َﻘﺻْ َع ٍة‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َنم ُ‬
‫ُوﺕ م َِﻥ الج ِ‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﻻ َتﺣ ﱡُز ِﻓ ْي ِﻪ ال ﱢﺳ ﱢﻛيْﻥُ ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ ُت َﺅ ﱢث ُر ِﻓ ْي ِﻪ ْاﻷَﺿْ َراﺱُ ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘلﱠ َ‬ ‫ِﻓ ْي َها َم َر ٌق ِﻓ ْي ِﻪ َلﺣْ ُم ِديْﻙٍ َه ِر ٍم‪ْ َ ،‬‬
‫ﺏ َج ِمي َْﻊ َما ﻓِﻲ ْال َﻘﺻْ َع ِة َﺣ ﱠتﻰ َﻓ َﻘدَ‬ ‫ﺱ َﻓ َﻘلﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺻ َرﻩُ ﻓِﻲ ْال َﻘﺻْ َعةِ‪ُ ،‬ث ﱠم ﺃَ َﺧ َﺫ ﻗ ِْط َع َة ُﺧب ٍْز َي ِاب ٍ‬ ‫َب َ‬
‫ْﺕ ِبﻪِ؟‬ ‫ْﺕ ِبﻪِ‪َ ،‬ﻗا َﻝ‪َ :‬ولِ َم َر َمي َ‬‫ﺱ م َِﻥ ال ﱢد ْيﻙِ ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘا َﻝ ل ِْل ُﻐ َﻼ ِم‪ :‬ﺃَي َْﻥ الرﱠ ْﺃﺱُ ؟ َﻓ َﻘا َﻝ‪َ :‬ر َمي ُ‬ ‫الرﱠ ْﺃ َ‬
‫ﺕ َمﻥْ‬ ‫ﷲ ﺇِ ﱢنﻲ َﻷَ ْمﻘُ ُ‬
‫ﺕ ﺃَ ﱢنﻲ َﻻ ﺁ ُﻛلُﻪُ؟ َﻓ َو ِ‬ ‫ﻅ ﱡن َﻙ َتﺄْ ُﻛلُﻪُ‪َ ،‬ﻗا َﻝ‪َ :‬و ِﻷَﻱﱢ َﺷﻲْ ٍء َﻅ َن ْن َ‬ ‫َﻗا َﻝ‪َ :‬ل ْم ﺃَ ُ‬
‫ْﻑ َمﻥ َيرْ مِﻲ ِب َر ْﺃﺳِ ﻪِ؟ الرﱠ ْﺃﺱُ َرﺋيْﺱٌ َو ِﻓ ْي ِﻪ ْال َﺣ َواﺱﱡ ‪َ ،‬و ِم ْن ُﻪ َيﺻْ دَ ُﺡ‬ ‫َيرْ مِﻲ ِب ِرجْ َل ْيﻪِ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻛي َ‬
‫ﻙ ِبﻪِ‪َ ،‬و َﻋ ْي ُن ُﻪ الﱠتِﻲ يُﺿْ َرﺏُ ِب َها ْال َم َثﻝُ‪ُ ،‬ي َﻘاﻝُ‪َ ) :‬ﺷ َراﺏٌ‬ ‫ال ﱢد ْيﻙُ‪َ ،‬و ِﻓ ْي ِﻪ ِﻓرْ ﻗُ ُﻪ الﱠﺫِﻱ ُي َت َبرﱠ ُ‬
‫َﻛ َعيْﻥ ال ﱢد ْيﻙِ ( َودَ َما ُﻏ ُﻪ َﻋ ِجيْﺏٌ ل َِو َجﻊ ْال ُﻛل َيةِ‪َ ،‬و َل ْم ﺃَ َر َﻋ ْﻅمًا َﻗ ﱡط ﺃَ َهﺵﱠ َتﺣْ َ َ‬
‫اﻥ ِمﻥْ‬‫ﺕ ْاﻷﺳْ َن ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ْﺕ ِبﻪِ؟ َﻗا َﻝ‪َ :‬ل ِﻛ ﱢنﻲ ﺃ ْد ِرﻱ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﷲ‪َ ،‬ما ﺃ ْد ِرﻱ ﺃي َْﻥ َر َمي ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َﻋ ْﻅ ِم َرﺃﺳِ ِﻪ ‪...‬ا ْنﻅرْ ﺃي َْﻥ ه َُو؟ َﻗا َﻝ‪َ :‬و ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ِﻙ!‬ ‫ْﺕ ِب ِﻪ ﻓِﻲ َب ْطن َ‬ ‫ﺃَ ﱠن َﻙ َر َمي َ‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫ﺕ ال ﱠترْ ِﻗي ِْم ﻓِﻲ َم َواﺿِ ِع َها‬ ‫اﻛ ُتﺏْ ِﻗﺻ ًﱠة َﺳ ِمعْ َت َها ﺃَ ْو َﻗ َر ْﺃ َت َها م َُراﻋِ يًا اﺳْ ِتعْ َما َﻝ َﻋ َﻼ َما ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ْال ُم َناﺳِ َب ِة َل َها‪.‬‬
‫‪٦‬‬
‫ﺻ ِﺣي َْﺣ َة ﻓِﻲ َم َواﺿِ ِع َها‬ ‫ﺕ ال ﱠترْ ِﻗي ِْم ال ﱠ‬ ‫ﺿﻊْ َﻋ َﻼ َما ِ‬ ‫ﺃَﻋِ ْد ِﻛ َتا َب َة ال ﱠنﺹﱢ ال ﱠتالِﻲ‪ُ ،‬ث ﱠم َ‬
‫ْال ُم َناﺳِ َبةِ‪:‬‬
‫َمرﱠ ْالمَﺳِ ْي ُﺢ بْﻥُ َمرْ َي َم َﻋ َل ْي ِﻪ الﺳ َﱠﻼ ُم ِب َﻘ ْو ٍم َي ْب ُﻛ ْو َﻥ َﻓ َﻘا َﻝ َل ُه ْم َما ُي ْب ِﻛ ْي ُﻛ ْم َﻗالُ ْوا َن ْبﻛِﻲ‬
‫ل ُِﺫ ُن ْو ِب َنا َﻗا َﻝ ا ْت ُر ُﻛ ْو َها ُت ْﻐ َﻔرْ َل ُﻛ ْم‬
‫‪۷‬‬
‫َم ﱢث ْﻝ ِب ُج َم ٍﻝ َها ِد َﻓ ٍة ِمﻥْ َتعْ ِبي ِْر َﻙ ل ِْﻶتِﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ْﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ال ﱡن ْﻘ َط َتي ِ‬ ‫ﺃ‪ْ -‬ال َﻔاﺻِ ل َة‪.‬‬
‫جـ‪ُ -‬ج ْم َل ًة اﺳْ ِت ْﻔ َها ِمي ًﱠة َت ُﻛ ْوﻥُ َﻋ َﻼ َم ُة اﻻﺳْ ِت ْﻔ َه ِام ِﻓ ْي َها َمﺣْ ُﺫ ْو َﻓ ًة‪.‬‬
‫ْﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫هـ‪ْ -‬ال َﻘ ْو َﺳي ِ‬ ‫ْﺹ‪.‬‬ ‫د‪َ -‬ﻋ َﻼ َم َة ال ﱠت ْنﺻِ ي ِ‬

‫‪٣٤‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺪ ْر ُس اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ :‬اﻷ َد ُب‬
‫َّ‬

‫ﻱ‬
‫ﺴ َﻤﺎ ِﻭ ﱡ‬
‫ﻳَﺤﻴَﻰ ﺍﻟ ﱠ‬

‫اوﻱﱡ َﺷاﻋِ ٌر ﻋِ َراﻗِﻲﱞ وُ لِد ََﻋا َم‬ ‫َيﺣْ َيﻰ َﻋباْﺱ َﻋب ُْود ال ﱠﺳ َم ِ‬
‫ﻛالوريوﺱ ﻓِﻲ‬‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠماوة‪َ ،‬ﺣاﺻِ ﻝ ﻋلﻰ َﺷ َهادَ ِة ال َب‬ ‫‪١۹4۹‬م‪ ،‬ﻓِﻲ الﺳ َ‬
‫اق‪ ،‬ا ْﺷ َت َﻐ َﻝ‬ ‫ﺏ ْال َع َر ِبﻲﱢ م َِﻥ ْالجام َِع ِة ْالمُﺳْ َت ْنﺻِ ِر َية ِب ْالع َِر ِ‬‫اﻷَدَ ِ‬
‫اق‪َ ،‬و ْال َم ْم َل َﻛ ِة ْال َع َر ِب ﱠي ِة ال ﱡﺳعُو ِديﱠة‪َ ،‬و َه َ‬
‫اج َر ﺇ َلﻰ‬ ‫ْﺱ َوالﺻ َﱠﺣا َﻓة ِﻓِﻲ ُﻛ ﱟﻝ م َِﻥ ْالع َِر ِ‬
‫باِل ﱠت ْد ِري ِ‬
‫ِ‪:‬ﻋيْناَﻙِ ُد ْن َيا ‪١۹۷0‬م‪َ ،‬وﻗ َلبْﻲ َﻋلﻰ‬ ‫واو ْي ِن ِﻪ ال ﱢﺷعْ ِر َية َ‬ ‫اﺳْ ُترال َيا ﻋام ‪١۹۹۷‬م‪َ ،‬و ِمﻥْ دَ ِ‬
‫اﻻﺧتِيا ُر ﻋام ‪١۹۹4‬م‪َ ،‬و َﻋيْناَﻙِ لِﻲ َو َطﻥٌ َو َم ْن َﻔﻰ ‪١۹۹٥‬م‪.‬‬ ‫َو َطنِﻲ‪١۹۹۳‬م‪َ ،‬و ْ‬
‫ﺎت(‬‫ِﻠﺤ ْﻔ ِﻆ ‪َ ٧‬أ ْﺑ َﻴ ٍ‬
‫ﺎو ِّي )ﻟ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺎﻋ ِﺮ َﻳ ْﺤ َﻴﻰ َّ‬ ‫ِﻠﺸ ِ‬‫َﻗ ِﺼ ْﻴ َﺪ ُة َو َﻃﻨِﻲ ﻟ َ‬
‫ﻭﻥ َﻭ َﺟ ْ‬
‫ــﻞ‬ ‫ــﺔ ِﻓـــﻲ َﻭ َﻃ ِﻨـــﻲ َﺩ َ‬ ‫َﺧ ْﻴ َﻤ ٌ‬ ‫ــﻞ ﻭ َﺩﻝﱠ‬ ‫ﺿــﻰ ﺑــﺎﻟﱠ ِﺬﻱ َﻗ ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺃَ َﻧـــــــﺎ ﺃَ ْﺭ َ‬
‫ْﺢ ﺃَ َﻃ ْﻞ‬ ‫ﻳَــــ َﺪ ﺃُ ﱢﻣــــﻲ ُﻛﻠﱠﻤـَــﺎ ﱡ‬
‫ﺍﻟــﺼﺒ ُ‬ ‫ـــﺔ ﺃَ ْﻏ ِﺴ ُ‬
‫ـــــﻞ ِﺑـــــﺎﻟﻠﱠ ْﺜﻢ ِﺑ َﻬــــﺎَ‬
‫ِ‬
‫َﺧ ْﻴ َﻤ ٌ‬
‫»ﺃُ ﱡﻡ َﺷ ْﻴ َﻤ َ‬
‫ــــﺎء«‪...‬ﻭ ُﻛ ْﻮ ٌﺯ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻭ َﺷ ْﻞ‬ ‫ــــــــــﺊ َﺗ ْﺨ ِ‬
‫ــــــﺒ ُﺰ ُﻩ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َﻭ َﺭ ِﻏـﻴ ٌ‬
‫ْـــﻒ َﺩﺍ ِﻓ‬
‫ﻨــــــﻮ ٍﻁ َﻭﺃَ َﻣ ْ‬
‫ـــــﻞ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْﻦ ُﻗ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ــــــــﻔ ٍﺮ َﺑﻴ َ‬ ‫َﺳ‬ ‫ــــﺖ َﻋ َﻠـــﻰ‬ ‫ْﻦ َﻭ َﻣــــﺎ ِﺯ ْﻟ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ُﻣ ْﻨـــﺬ ِﺟﻴ َْﻠﻴ ِ‬
‫ـــﻘ ْﻞ‬ ‫ْـــﻞ ُﻓ َ‬
‫ــــﺆﺍ ًﺩﺍ َﻭ ُﻣ َ‬ ‫َﻃ ْﻤــــــﺄَ َﻥ ْﺍﻟﻠﱠﻴ ُ‬ ‫ــــﺎﺣ َﻚ ﺃَ ْﺣ َﺪﺍ ِﻗﻲ َﻭ َﻻ‬ ‫ﺿ َ‬ ‫ــﺤﻰ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀ َ‬ ‫ﻻ ﱡ‬
‫ْـــﻦ َﻃ َﻔ ْ‬
‫ــــﻞ‬ ‫َﺯﺍ َﺭ ِﻧـــــﻲ ﺇِﻻ َﻭ ِﻓﻲ ْﺍﻟ َﻌﻴ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘ ْﻠ ِﺐ َﻓ َﻤـــــﺎ‬ ‫ْﺢ َﻋـﻦ َ‬
‫ﺼـﺒ ُ ِ‬ ‫ــﻚ ْﺍﻟ ُ‬‫ﺃَ ْﻣ َﺴ َ‬
‫ــــﺎﺣ ُﻞ َﺯ ْﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ ِ‬ ‫ُﻛﻠﱠﻤـَــﺎ ﺃَ ْﻧ ُﺸ ُﺮ َﻫــــــﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫ـــــــﺮ َﻋ ٌﺔ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫َﺒﻲِ ﺃَ ْﺷ‬ ‫ــــﻦ َﺗــــﻌ ِ‬
‫َــﺖ ِﻣ ْ‬ ‫َﺗ ِﻌﺒ ْ‬
‫َﺮ ُﺩ َﻫـــــﺎ َ‬
‫ﻟـــﻔ ُﺢ ُﺷــــﻌ ْ‬
‫َﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺕ ﺑ ْ‬ ‫َﺯ َﻓـــ َﺮ ٍ‬ ‫ـﻮﻯ‬ ‫ْﺢ ِﺳ َ‬ ‫ــﻦ ُﺳ ُـﻔ ِﻨﻲ ﺍﻟ ﱢﺮﻳ ُ‬ ‫َﻭ َﻧــﺄَ ْﺕ َﻋ ْ‬
‫ـــﻞ َﻭ َﺟـــﺒ ْ‬ ‫َﻋ ْ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫َﻞ؟‬ ‫ـــﻦ ﻓــ َﺮﺍ َﺗﻴْﻦِ َﻭ َﺳ ْﻬ ٍ‬ ‫َﺮ‬‫ﻳَــــﺎ ِﻫﻼﻝ ﺍﻟـــ ِﻌ ْﻴ ِﺪ َﻫــــﻞ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺧــﺒ ٍ‬
‫ـﺤ ْﻞ‬‫ﺍﺭ َﺗ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠ ْﻮ ُﺭ ْ‬
‫‪..‬ﻭﻻ َ‬ ‫َﺯﺍ َﺭ ِﻧﻲ َﺟــــﺎ ٌﺭ َ‬ ‫ــــﺮﻭﻥ« َﻭ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْﺪﺍﻥ َﻭ ُﻋ ْﺸ‬‫»ﻋﻴ ِ‬ ‫ﻣــــَ َّﺮ ِ‬
‫َﻞ‬ ‫ﺻــﻮ ِﻓ ﱠﻲ ْﺍﻟ ُ‬
‫ــﻘﺒ ْ‬ ‫ـﻊ ﱢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻴْﻦ ِ َﻭ ُ‬ ‫َﺧ ِ‬
‫ـــﺎﺷ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﻨ ْﺨ ِﻞ َﻭﻳَـﺎ‬ ‫ـﻚ ﱠ‬ ‫ـــﺎﺳ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻳــــــﺎﻧ ِ‬ ‫َﺳﻴﱢــ ِﺪﻱ‬
‫ـــﻦ َﺧـــﺒ ْ‬
‫َﻞ‬ ‫ْﻀــــﺎ ِﻣ ْ‬ ‫ِﻟﺒَﺴــــﺎ ِﺗ ْﻴ ِﻨ َﻚ َﺑﻌ ً‬ ‫ـــﻦ َﺷ َﻐ ٍﻒ‬ ‫ــــﻲ ِﻣ ْ‬ ‫ﺃَ َﻧــــﺎ ﺃَ ْﺩ ِﺭ ْﻱ ﺃَ ﱠﻥ ِﺑ ْ‬
‫َــﻼﻩُ« َﻋ َﻘ ْ‬
‫ــــﻞ‬ ‫ﻨـــﻮﻥ »ﺑﻠِﻴ ْ‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫ـﺠ‬‫ُﺭ ﱠﺏ َﻣ ْ‬ ‫ــــﻘ ْﻠ ِـﺒﻲ َﻓ َﻜﺒَــﺎ‬
‫ــــﺚ ْﺍﻟـــــ ِﻌ ْﺸ ُﻖ ﺑ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫َﻧ َﻜ َ‬

‫‪٣٥‬‬
 ‫َﻣ َﻌﺎﻧِﻲ ﺍ ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻔﺮ َﺩﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺕ‬

‫ﺻ ِﻐ ْي ٌر َﺧ َز ِﻓ ٌﻲ ﺃَ ْو َمعْ دَ ِنﻲٌ ﺃُﺳْ طِ وا ِن ُﻲ ال ﱠﺷ ْﻛ ِﻝ‪.‬‬

‫ْق َ‬ ‫ُﻛو ٌز‪ :‬ﺇِب ِْري ٌ‬
‫ور َو َﻻ َي ﱠتﺻِ ُﻝ َﻗ ْطرُﻩ ُِب َبعْ ٍ‬
‫ﺽ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻ ُﺧ ِ‬ ‫َو َﺷﻝٌ‪َ :‬ما ٌء َﻗلِ ْي ٌﻝ ُي َت َﺣلﱠﺏُ م َِﻥ ال ﱡ‬
‫ْال َج َﺫﻝُ‪ :‬ال َﻔ َرﺡُ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﱠ ْﺤﻠِ ْﻴ ُﻞ‬

‫ْﺵ ِب َﻘﺻْ ٍر ﺃَ ْو ِب َﺧ ْي َمةٍ‪،‬‬ ‫از ال ﱠﺷاﻋِ ِر ِب َو َط ِن ِﻪ اﻷ ُ ﱢم‪َ ،‬ﻓﻼ َي ُه ﱡم ﺃَﻥْ َي ِعي َ‬

‫ُت َﺅ ﱢﻛ ُد ْال َﻘﺻِ يْدَ ةُ ﺇِﻋْ ت َِز َ‬
‫يﻝ م َِﻥ‬ ‫اﻥ َيعْ ِيﺵُ ﻓِﻲ َﺧ ْي َم ٍة م ُْﻛ َت ِﻔيًا باِل َﻘ ْل ِ‬ ‫ْالم ُِه ﱡم ﺃَ َن ُﻪ ﻓِﻲ َو َط ِن ِﻪ ﻻ َي ْﺧﺷﻰ ﺃَ َﺣ ًدا َﺣ ﱠتﻰ ﺇِﻥْ َﻛ َ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﺕ ِب ْال َﻘلِي ِْﻝ مِﻥ َْال َم َط ِر َو َج َﻔ ُ‬ ‫ْال َما ِء َو ْال ُﺧب ِْز‪َ ،‬ويﻘُو ُﻝ َﻗ ِنعْ ُ‬
‫ار‬‫الع َﺳ ِﻝ َبعْ دَ ﺃ ْن َه ِ‬ ‫وﺕ َر ِﺣي َْق َ‬
‫يع َﺷ ُق ْال َو َط َﻥ ُم ْنﺫ‬ ‫ِبﻼدِﻱ‪َ ،‬و َبعْ د َ َل َياَل َِﻲ َو َطنِﻲ ﻻ َتطِ يْﺏُ لِﻲ ل َيالِﻲ ْال ُﻐرْ َب ِة ْال َﺣ ِزي ْنةِ‪َ ،‬ﻓه َُو َ‬
‫اﻛ َت َه َﻝ ِب َﻘ ْل ِب ِﻪ َﻓﺄَﺻْ َب َﺢ َه ِرمًا‪ ،‬ﻓال ﱠﺷاﻋِ ُر يﺅ ﱢﻛ ُد‪ :‬ﺃﻥﱠ ُﻛ ﱠﻝ َﺷﻲ ٍء‬ ‫هﺫا ْال ِع ْﺷ َق ْ‬‫ﺻِ باﻩ ﺣ ﱠتﻰ ﺃَﻥﱠ َ‬
‫ﺁﺧ ُر َم َﻊ اﻷَهْ ِﻝ َواﻷَﺻْ َﺣاﺏِ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺫاق َ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ َب َل ِد ِﻩ م ُْﺧ َتلِﻑٌ ‪َ ،‬ﺣتﻰ ْال ِعيْدَ َل ُﻪ َم ٌ‬

‫ﺃَ ْ‬
‫ﺳﺌِﻠَﺔُ ﺍ ْﻟ ُﻤﻨَﺎﻗَ َ‬
‫ﺸ ِﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ارﻩِ‪َ ،‬ﺣ ﱢد ْد َم ْوﺿِ َﻊ هﺫ ِﻩ اﻷَ ْب َيا ِ‬

‫ﺕ‬
‫ﺷر َها الﺳﱠا ِﺣ ُﻝ َزﻝْ‪(.‬؟‬
‫الز َم َﻥ ِب َل ْيلِ ِﻪ َو َن َه ِ‬
‫ﺏ ال ﱠﺷاﻋِ ُر ﻓِﻲ َﻗﺻِ يْدَ ِت ِﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫اط َ‬ ‫‪َ -١‬ل َﻘ ْد َﺧ َ‬
‫ﻓِﻲ ْال َﻘﺻِ يْدَ ةِ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ِمﻥْ َت َع ِبﻲ ﺃَ ْﺷ ِر َﻋ ٌة‪ُ ،‬ﻛلﱠمﱠا ﺃَ ْن ُ‬ ‫ﺻ ُد ال ﱠﺷاﻋِ ُر ِب َﻘولِﻪِ‪َ ) :‬ت ِع َب ْ‬‫‪َ -2‬م َاﺫا َي ْﻘ ُ‬
‫ا ْﺷ َرﺡ ْﺫل َِﻙ ‪.‬‬

‫‪٣٦‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎ ِﻧﻴ َ‬
‫َﺔ َﻋ َﺸ َ‬
‫ﺮﺓ‬ ‫ْﺍﻟ َﻮ ْﺣ َﺪ ُﺓ ﱠ‬
‫ْﺍﻹ ْﻳ َﻤ ُ‬
‫ﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﱠ ْﻤ ِﻬ ْﻴ ُﺪ‬

‫اﻥ؛ لِ َما َو َه َبهُم ﷲُ ُﺳب َْﺣا َن ُﻪ َو َت َعا َلﻰ‬ ‫ﺕ ِب ْاﻹ ْي َم ِ‬

‫َت َمي َﱠز ال َب َﺷ ُر ِمﻥْ ﺳِ َوا ُه ْم م َِﻥ ْال َﻛا ِﺋ َنا ِ‬
‫ﺱ؛‬ ‫اﻥ ﻓِﻲ ﺇِ ْد َرا ِﻛ َها ل ِْل َمﺣْ ﺳ ُْو ِ‬ ‫اﺕ َم َﻊ ْاﻹ ْن َﺳ ِ‬ ‫ﺕ ْال َﺣ َي َوا َن ُ‬ ‫الع ْﻘ ِﻝ‪َ .‬ﻓ َل ُر ﱠب َما ا ْﺷ َت َر َﻛ ِ‬
‫ِمﻥْ ِنعْ َم ِة َ‬
‫ﺻا ي َُﺅ ﱢهلُ ُﻪ ِﻷَﻥْ‬ ‫ﺏ َي َت َطلﱠﺏُ اﺳْ ِتعْ دَ ا ًدا َﻋ ْﻘلِ ًّيا َﺧا ًّ‬ ‫اﻥ ِب ْال َﻐ ْي ِ‬ ‫اﻥ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ ﺳِ ﱠي َما ْاﻹ ْي َم َ‬ ‫َو َلﻛِﻥﱠ ْاﻹ ْي َم َ‬
‫ِﻲ ْال َع ْﻘﻝُ؛ ل َِﺫا ْاﻹ ْن َﺳاﻥُ َوﺣْ دَ ﻩُ‬ ‫ُي َﻔ ﱢﻛ َر‪َ ،‬و َيﺳْ َتعْ ِم َﻝ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ال ﱢنعْ َم َة َو ْال ِه َب َة ْاﻹ َل ِه ﱠي َة ْال َعﻅِ ْي َم َة‪َ ،‬وه َ‬
‫او ﱠيةِ‪،‬‬‫ﺕ ال ﱠﺳ َم ِ‬ ‫اﻥ ﻓِﻲ َج ِمي ِْﻊ الرﱢ َﺳ َاﻻ ِ‬ ‫ﺏ ِمﻥْ َر َﻛاﺋ ِِز ْاﻹ ْي َم ِ‬ ‫ْالم َُﺅ ﱠه ُﻝ ل َِﺫل َِﻙ‪َ .‬و ْاﻹ ْي َماﻥُ ِب ْال َﻐ ْي ِ‬
‫ْﺱ ُم ْﻘ َتﺻِ رً ا َﻋ َلﻰ َما َت َراﻩُ َﺣ َوا ﱡﺳ َنا‪َ ،‬ﻓ َث ﱠم َة َم ْوج ُْودَ ٌ‬
‫اﺕ‬ ‫َوﺇ ْن َﻛا ُرﻩُ ُي َناﻓِﻲ ْال َع ْﻘ َﻝ؛ ﺇ ِﺫ ْالوُ ج ُْو ُد َلي َ‬
‫َنﺳْ َت ِد ﱡﻝ َﻋ َل ْي َها ِمﻥْ ﺁ َث ِ‬
‫ار َها‪.‬‬

‫ﻀ ﱠﻤﻨَﺔُ‬
‫ﺍ ْﻟ َﻤﻔَﺎ ِﻫ ْﻴ ُﻢ ﺍ ْﻟ ُﻤﺘَ َ‬

‫َم َﻔا ِه ْي ُم ِد ْي ِني ٌﱠة‪.‬‬

‫َم َﻔا ِه ْي ُم َث َﻘا ِﻓي ٌﱠة‪.‬‬
‫َم َﻔا ِه ْي ُم َترْ َب ِوي ٌﱠة‪.‬‬
‫َم َﻔا ِه ْي ُم لُ َﻐ ِوي ٌﱠة‪.‬‬
‫َم َﻔا ِه ْي ُم ﺃَدَ ِبي ٌﱠة‪.‬‬

‫َﻣﺎ ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ﱢ‬
‫ﺺ‬

‫اﺳ َت ُﻪ ﻓِﻲ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال َوﺣْ دَ ةِ؟‬

‫‪َ -‬ما الﱠﺫِﻱ َت َت َو ﱠﻗ ُﻊ د َِر َ‬
‫‪َ -‬ه ْﻝ ْال َﻛ ْوﻥُ َي ْﻘ َتﺻِ ُر َﻋ َلﻰ َما َت َراﻩُ َﺣ َواﺳ َ‬
‫ﱡﻙ؟‬
‫ﻪﻠﻟ؟‬ ‫ُﻙ َﻋ ِﻥ ْاﻹ ْي َم ِ‬
‫اﻥ ِبا ِ‬ ‫‪َ -‬ما َم ْﻔه ُْوم َ‬

‫‪٣٧‬‬
 ‫اﻷو ُل‪ :‬اﻟ ُﻤ َﻄﺎ َﻟ َﻌ ُﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺪ ْر ُس َّ‬
‫َّ‬

‫ﺿﺎ َءﺓٌ‬
‫ﺇ َ‬

‫ِﺙ َم ْوﺳُوﻋِ ﻲﱞ ‪َ ،‬والِ ُدﻩُ ي ُْو َنانِﻲﱞ َو َوالِدَ ُت ُﻪ‬ ‫ِد ْي ِم ْت ِرﻱ ﺃ َﻓيْريينوﺱ ُم َﻔ ﱢﻛ ٌر َو َﻛا ِتﺏٌ َو َباﺣ ٌ‬
‫واﻹنجليزيﱠة َو ْال َﻔ َر ْنﺳِ ﱠي َة‪،‬‬ ‫ُور ﱠي َة‪ُ ،‬ي ْتﻘِﻥُ ْال َع َر ِب ﱠي َة ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺳ ِ ٌ‬
‫اﻥ‪ُ ،‬مﻘِي ٌم ﻓِﻲ ﺳ ِ‬ ‫وم ْاﻷ ْد َي ِ‬‫ُ‬
‫ُوريﱠة‪ُ ،‬م ْه َت ﱞم ِب ُعل ِ‬
‫َو ْاﻹﺳبان ﱠي َة‪.‬‬
‫ِﻲ ِد ْﻳ ِﻤ ْﺘ ِﺮي أ َﻓ ْﻴﺮﻳﻴﻨﻮس ) ِﺑ َﺘ َﺼ ُّﺮف(‪:‬‬ ‫ِﺐ اﻟ ُﻴ ْﻮ َﻧﺎﻧ ِّ‬ ‫)ﻗ َّﺼﺔ( ِﻟ ْﻠ َﻜﺎﺗ ِ‬ ‫ﻷ ِﺟ َّﻨ ِﺔ ِ‬ ‫ار ا َ‬ ‫ِﺣ َﻮ ُ‬
‫‪َ -‬بعْ دَ َﻋ َنا ِء ﻗُ َرا َب ِة ِتﺳْ َع ِة ﺃَ ْﺷه ٍُر َﺳ َتلِ ِدي َْﻥ‪َ ،‬و َﺳ ُت ْمﻸ ُ َﺣ َيا ُتﻙِ َﻓ َرﺣً ا‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ‬‫ْﺿ َت َها َﻗ ْد َﻛ َﺳ ْ‬ ‫ﻅ ُر ﺇ َلﻰ َﺷا َﺷ ِة )الﺳﱡو َنار(‪َ ،‬و َت َرﻯ َم ِري َ‬ ‫ِﻲ َت ْن ُ‬ ‫ﺕ ﱠ‬
‫الط ِب ْي َب ُة‪َ ،‬وه َ‬ ‫َﻗا َل ِ‬
‫اق ْال َبا ِد َي ِة َﻋ َل ْي َها‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ال ﱠت َعﺏِ‪َ ،‬و ْاﻹرْ َه ِ‬ ‫ارا ِ‬ ‫م َُﺣيﱠاها ْال َﻔرْ َﺣ ُة َﻋ َلﻰ الرﱠ ْﻏ ِم ِمﻥْ ﺃَ َم َ‬
‫ِﻲ م َُﺅ ﱢﻛدَ ًة‪:‬‬ ‫ﺕه َ‬ ‫َﻓ َر ﱠد ْ‬
‫مْﺱ َﺳ َن َوا ٍ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ ِﻷَ ُﻛ ْو َﻥ ﺃ ُ ًّما‪َ ،‬ﺧ َ‬ ‫‪َ -‬ن َع ْم َﺳ ُتمْ َﻸ َﺣ َياتِﻲ َﻓ َرﺣً ا ِب َﺫل َِﻙ‪َ ،‬و ْﻗ ًتا َط ِوي ًْﻼ ا ْن َت َﻅرْ ُ‬
‫َم ْملُ ْوء ٍة ِبال ﱡدم ُْو ِﻉ‪َ ،‬وال ﱡد َﻋا ِء‪َ ،‬وال ﱡن ُﺫ ْو ِر‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ﱠ‬
‫الط ِب ْي َب ُة‪:‬‬ ‫َﻓ َﻘا َل ِ‬
‫ﺺ‬‫ﻓِﻲ ﺃ ْﺛﻨَﺎ ِء ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ﱢ‬
‫ْﺱ ﺃَ َما َم َنا ﺳِ َوﻯ ْاث َنﻲ َﻋ َﺷ َر‬ ‫‪َ -‬ه َﺫا َواﺿِ ٌﺢ ِج ًّدا َلي َ‬
‫ﺕ ال َﻘ ْو َﻝ ) َما ﺃَﻋْ َﻅ َمها‬ ‫َه ْﻝ َﻻ َﺣ ْﻅ َ‬ ‫َي ْومًا‪.‬‬
‫ْﻑ ﺃَ َرادَ‬ ‫اﻥ ِمﻥْ َتجْ ِر َب ٍة َﻓ ِريْدَ ةٍ!(؟ َو َﻛي َ‬ ‫ﻅ َر ِ‬ ‫ْﺙ ِب َﻔ َرﺡ‪َ ،‬و ُه َما َت ْن ُ‬ ‫الﺣ ِدي َ‬
‫َﻛا َن َتا َت َت َبادَ َﻻ ِﻥ َ‬
‫ٍ‬
‫ال َﻛاتِﺏُ ﺃﻥْ ي َُعب َﱢر َﻋ ِﻥ ال ﱠت َعجﱡ ِ‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫ﺕ ﱠ‬
‫الط ِب ْي َبة‪:‬‬ ‫ﺇ َلﻰ ال ﱠﺷا َﺷةِ‪ُ ،‬ث ﱠم َﻗاْ َل ِ‬
‫ﺏ ُم َمي ٍﱠز مُﺳْ َتعْ م ًِﻼ‬ ‫َوال ﱠدهْ َﺷ ِة ِبﺄُﺳْ لُ ْو ٍ‬
‫ﺙ ْال َﺣ َيا ِة‬ ‫الو َﻻدَ ةِ‪َ ،‬وا ْن ِب َعا ِ‬ ‫‪َ -‬ل َطا َل َما ﺃَ ْد َه َﺷ ْتنِﻲ ﻓ ِْﻛ َرةُ ِ‬
‫ُﻅل ٍِم‬‫ﻑ ُم ْن َﻔﺻِ ٍﻝ َﻋ ِﻥ ْال َعا َلم ْال َﺧار ِجﻲ م ْ‬ ‫ِمﻥْ َج ْو ٍ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﺻِ ي َْﻐ َة ) َما ﺃ ْﻓ َع َﻝ(‪َ .‬ت َعجﱠ ﺏْ ِممﱠا‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻛ ْال َﻘب ِْر ‪...‬‬
‫ﻅ َراﻥ ﺇ َلﻰ َﻋا َلم َب ِع ْي ٍد َﺣ ْو َل َﻙ مُﺳْ َتعْ م ًِﻼ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ال ﱢ‬
‫ﺻي َْﻐ َة‪.‬‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺕ‪َ ،‬و َﻋ ْي َنا َها َت ْن ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺕ ُث ﱠم َﻗا َل ْ‬ ‫َت َو ﱠﻗ َﻔ ْ‬
‫ُﺏ‪:‬‬‫َي ْﺧ َت ِر ُق ْال ُﺣج َ‬
‫ﺷ ْو ِر! َو َما ﺃَﻋْ َﻅ َم َها ِمﻥْ َتجْ ِر َب ٍة َﻓ ِريْدَ ةٍ!‬ ‫ﺙ َوال ﱡن ُ‬ ‫‪َ -‬ما ﺃَ ْﺷ َب َه ُﻪ ِب ْال َبعْ ِ‬

‫‪٣٨‬‬
‫ْﻥ ﻓِﻲ َر ِﺣ ِم َها‪َ ،‬ت ْﺷ ُع ُر ِب َﺣ َر َﻛت ِِه َما ْال َع ِن ْي َﻔةِ؛ َﻓ َﻛ ِثيْرً ا َما َﻛا َنا‬ ‫ْﻥ َﻗ ِاب َعي ِ‬ ‫َﻛا َنا َت ْوﺃَ َمي ِ‬
‫اﻥ َبعْ دَ ﺃَﻥْ َيﺣْ َت ِد َم َب ْي َن ُه َما ْالﺣ َِوارُ‪.‬‬ ‫ار َﻋ ِ‬ ‫ﺻ َ‬ ‫َي َت َ‬
‫اﻥ ﺃَﻥﱠ َث ﱠم َة َﺷ ْي ًﺋا ﺃَﻋْ َلﻰ َوﺃَ ْﻗ َوﻯ ي َُرا ِﻗ ُب ُه َما‬ ‫ْﺙ‪َ ،‬و ُه َما َي ْﺷع َُر ِ‬ ‫ار ِب ْي َن ُه َما َﺣ ِدي ٌ‬ ‫َﻛ ْال َعادَ ِة دَ َ‬
‫ار َبا ِد َي ٌة َﻋ َل ْيﻪِ‪:‬‬
‫اﺕ ال ﱠدهْ َﺷةِ‪َ ،‬و ْاﻹ ْن َﻛ ِ‬ ‫ار ُ‬ ‫ِمﻥْ َﻛ َثﺏِ‪َ :‬ﻗا َﻝ اﻷوﱠ ُﻝ َوﺃَ َم َ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗُ ْﻝ لِﻲ‪َ ،‬ه ْﻝ ُتﺅمِﻥُ ِب ْال َﺣ َيا ِة َبعْ دَ ْال ِو َﻻدَ ةِ؟‬
‫الثانِﻲ ِب َﻼ َت َر ﱡددٍ‪:‬‬ ‫َﻓ َر ﱠد ﱠ‬
‫‪َ -‬ط ْبعًا‪َ ،‬ﻓ َبعْ دَ ْال ِوﻻدَ ِة َتﺄْتِﻲ ْال َﺣ َياةُ‪َ ...‬و َل َعلﱠ َنا ُه َنا اﺳْ ِتعْ دَ ا ًدا لِ َما َبعْ دَ ْال ِوﻻدَ ةِ‪...‬‬
‫َﻓ َر ﱠد ْاﻷَوﱠ ُﻝ ِب ُع ْن َج ِه ﱠي ٍة َواﺿِ َﺣةٍ‪:‬‬
‫ْﻥ ال ﱢﺳ ِني َْﻥ‬ ‫ط َوا َﻝ َﺁﻻﻑِ ‪َ ،‬ب ْﻝ َم َﻼ ِيي ِ‬ ‫ْﺱ َث ﱠم َة َﺷﻲْ ءٌ! ُ‬ ‫ﺻ َوا َب َﻙ؟! َبعْ دَ ْال ِو َﻻدَ ِة َلي َ‬ ‫ﺕ َ‬ ‫‪َ -‬ه ْﻝ َﻓ َﻘ ْد َ‬
‫اﻙ َﺣ َيا ًة‪َ ،‬م َاﺫا َﻋ َﺳا َها‬ ‫اﻙ لِ ُي َﻛلﱢ َم َنا َﻋمﱠا َج َرﻯ َﻋ َل ْيﻪِ! ُث ﱠم َهﺏْ ﺃَﻥﱠ ُه َن َ‬ ‫َل ْم َيع ُْد ﺃَ َﺣ ٌد ِمﻥْ ُه َن َ‬
‫ُت ْﺷ ِبﻪُ؟‬
‫الثانِﻲ َﺷ َﻔ َتيْﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻗا َﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫َز ﱠم ﱠ‬
‫اﻥ‪ُ ...‬ر ﱠب َما َنمْ ﺷِ ﻲ َﻋ َلﻰ‬ ‫اﻙ ﺃَﺿْ َوا ًء ﻓِﻲ ُﻛ ﱢﻝ َم َﻛ ٍ‬ ‫ﺿ ْبطِ ‪َ ،‬ل ِﻛ ﱠنﻲ ﺃَﺣْ دِﺱُ ﺃَﻥﱠ ُه َن َ‬ ‫‪َ -‬ﻻ ﺃَ ْد ِرﻱ ِبال ﱠ‬
‫اﻙ‪َ ،‬و َنﺄ ُﻛ ُﻝ ِبﺄ َ ْﻓ َوا ِه َنا‪...‬‬ ‫ﺃَ ْﻗدَ ا ِم َنا ُه َن َ‬
‫اﺡ ْاﻷوﱠ ﻝُ‪َ ،‬وه َُو َيﺳْ َم ُﻊ َﻛﻼ َمﻪُ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺻ َ‬ ‫َﻓ َ‬
‫ْﻑ َل َنا ﺃَﻥْ َنﺄْ ُﻛ َﻝ ِب َه َﺫا‬ ‫ْﻥ! َو َﻛي َ‬ ‫ْﻥ الرﱠ ْﺧ َو َتي ِ‬ ‫ْﻥ الﺳﱠا َﻗي ِ‬ ‫ِﻥ ِب َها َتي ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺃَي َْﻥ َﻋ ْﻘلُ َﻙ! ْال َم ْﺷﻲُ َﻏ ْي ُر ُم ْمﻛ ٍ‬
‫ْال َﻔ ِم ْالمُﺿْ ﺣِﻙِ ؟! ﺃَ َﻻ َت َرﻯ ْال َﺣ ْب َﻝ الﺳﱢرﱢ ﻱﱠ ؟ َﻓ ﱢﻛرْ ﻓِﻲ ْاﻷم ِْر ُه َن ْي َه ًة‪ْ :‬ال َﺣ َياةُ َما َبعْ دَ ْال ِوﻻدَ ِة‬
‫ط ْولُﻪ َﻻ َي َت َج َاو ُز َﺧمْ ﺳِ ي َْﻥ‬ ‫ﺻ ُر ِمﻥْ ﺃَﻥْ َيﺳْ َم َﺢ ِب َها َﻓ ُ‬ ‫َﻏ ْي ُر ُم ْم ِﻛ َنةٍ؛ ِﻷَﻥﱠ ْال َﺣ ْب َﻝ الﺳﱢرﱢ ﻱﱠ ﺃَ ْﻗ َ‬
‫َﺳ ْن ِت ِم ْترً ا‪.‬‬
‫اﻙ َﺷ ْي ًﺋا َما‪َ ،‬و َل ِﻛ ﱠن ُﻪ م ُْﺧ َتلِﻑٌ َﻋمﱠا ُن َﺳمﱢيﻪ ْال َﺣ َيا َة دَ ا ِﺧ َﻝ‬ ‫ﺻ ِﺣ ْيﺢٌ‪َ ،‬ل ِﻛ ﱠنﻲ ﺃَﺣْ ﺳِ ﺏُ ﺃَﻥﱠ ُه َن َ‬ ‫‪َ -‬‬
‫الرﱠ ﺣ ِِم‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ِب َﻼ َﻋ ْﻘ ٍﻝ َﺣ ًّﻘا! ْال ِو َﻻدَ ةُ ِن َها َي ُة ْال َﺣ َياةِ‪َ ...‬بعْ دَ َها َي ْن َت ِهﻲ ُﻛ ﱡﻝ َﺷﻲْ ٍء‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺃَ ْن َ‬
‫ﺙ‪َ ،‬لﻛِﻥﱠ ْاﻷ ﱠم َﺳ ُت َﺳاﻋِ ُد َنا‪...‬‬ ‫ﺿ ْبطِ َم َاﺫا َيﺣْ ُد ُ‬ ‫‪َ -‬ﻋ َلﻰ ِرﺳْ ل َِﻙ‪َ ...‬ﻻ ﺃَ ْد ِرﻱ ِبال ﱠ‬
‫ﺿﺏِ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﺃَ ْﺷ َب َﻪ ِب ْال َﻐ َ‬ ‫ﺻ ْو ٍ‬ ‫ﺻ َر َﺥ ْاﻷوﱠ ُﻝ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال َمرﱠ ة ِب َ‬ ‫َﻓ َ‬
‫‪ْ -‬اﻷ ُ ﱡم؟! َو َه ْﻝ ُت ْﺅمِﻥُ ِب ْاﻷ ُ ﱢم ﺃَ ْيﺿًا؟!‬
‫‪ -‬ﺃَ َجﻝْ‪.‬‬
‫اﻥ؟ َه ْﻝ‬ ‫ْﺕ ْاﻷ ﱠم ﻓِﻲ ﺃَﻱﱢ َم َﻛ ٍ‬ ‫ﺕ َمعْ ُت ْوﻩٌ! َه ْﻝ َﺳ َب َق َل َﻙ ﺃَﻥْ َرﺃَي َ‬ ‫ﺕ ِب َﻼ َﻋ ْﻘ ٍﻝ َﻓ َﻘ ْط‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْن َ‬ ‫‪َ -‬لﺳْ َ‬

‫‪٣٩‬‬
 ‫َﺳ َب َق ِﻷَ َﺣ ٍد ﺃَﻥْ َرﺁ َها؟!‬
‫ﺻ ْوﺏٍ‪َ .‬نﺣْ ﻥُ َنﺣْ َيا ﻓِﻲ دَ ا ِﺧلِ َها‪َ ،‬و ْاﻷ ِﻛ ْي ُد ﺃ ﱠن َنا‬ ‫ْط ِب َنا ِمﻥْ ُﻛ ﱢﻝ َ‬ ‫‪َ -‬ﻻ ﺃَ ْدرﻱ‪َ ،‬ل ِﻛ ﱠن َها ُت ِﺣي ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻥ ِب َﻔﺿْ ٍﻝ ِم ْن َها‪.‬‬ ‫َم ْوج ُْودَ ِ‬
‫ﺻ ﱢدﻉْ َر ْﺃﺳِ ﻲ ِب َها! َلﻥْ ﺃُﺅم َِﻥ ِب ْاﻷ ُ ﱢم ﱠﺇﻻ َﺇﺫا َرﺃ ْي ُت َها َر َ‬
‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫‪ -‬دَ ﻋْ َﻙ ِمﻥْ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ال ﱡترﱠ َهاﺕِ‪َ ،‬وﻻ ُت َ‬
‫ْال َعي ِ‬
‫ْﻥ!‬
‫ﺕ ال ﱠﺳ ْم َﻊ‪َ ،‬تﺳْ َتطِ ْي ُﻊ ﺃَﻥْ‬ ‫ﺕ َوﺃَرْ َه ْﻔ َ‬ ‫ﺻ َم ﱠ‬‫ْﺱ ِب َم ْﻘ ُد ْو ِر َﻙ ﺃﻥْ َت َرا َها ْاﻵﻥ‪َ ،‬ل ِﻛ ﱠن َﻙ َﺇﺫا َ‬ ‫‪َ -‬لي َ‬
‫ﺕ ال ﱠﺳ ْم َﻊ‪َ ،‬ﻻ ُب ﱠد ِمﻥْ‬ ‫ﺕ َوﺃَرْ َه ْﻔ َ‬ ‫ﺻ َم ﱠ‬‫َتﺳْ َم َﻊ ﺃ ُ ْﻏ ِن ﱠي َت َها‪َ ،‬تﺳْ َتطِ ْي ُﻊ ﺃﻥْ َت ْﺷع َُر ِب َم َﺣ ﱠب ِت َها‪َ ...‬ﺇﺫا َ‬
‫ﺃﻥْ ُتدَ ْﻏد َِﻍ َرﺣْ َم ُت َها َﻗ ْل َب َﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ار‬‫ﺻ َ‬ ‫اﻥ ﺣ َِوا ُر ُه َما َﻋ ِﻘ ْيمًا‪َ ،‬و َل ْم يُجْ ِد َن ْﻔعًا ِﻷﻱﱟ ِم ْن ُه َما‪َ ،‬ل ِﻛ ﱠن ُه َما اﺳْ َت َمرﱠ ا َﺣ ﱠتﻰ َ‬ ‫َﻛ ْال َعادَ ِة َﻛ َ‬
‫ﻋِ َرا ًﻛا ِب ْاﻷ ْيدِﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ار َﻛاﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻅ ِرﻱ ﺇ ﱠن ُه َما َي َت َع َ‬ ‫ا ُ ْن ُ‬
‫ﺺ‬‫َﻣﺎﺑَ ْﻌ َﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺕ ﱠ‬
‫ِﻲ َتﺿْ َﺣﻙُ‪،‬‬ ‫الط ِب ْي َب ُة َوه َ‬ ‫َﻗا َل ِ‬
‫ِﻲ ْال َﻘ ْو ُﻝ ْال َﺧالﻲ ِمﻥْ‬ ‫ال ﱡترﱠ َهاﺕ‪َ :‬ج ْم ُﻊ ُترﱠ َهةٍ‪َ ،‬وه َ‬ ‫ﺕ ْاﻷ ُ ﱡم ِب َﻔ َر ٍﺡ‪:‬‬ ‫َﻓ َر ﱠد ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ُﻋ ْن َج ِهيﱠة‪ْ :‬ال ِﻛ ْب ُر وال ﱠت َع ﱡﻅ ُم ْ‬
‫وال َج َﻔاءُ‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ -‬ن َع ْم‪َ ،‬ﻛ ِثيْرً ا َما ﺃ ْﺷ ُع ُر ِب َه َﺫا‪َ ،‬ن ْﻔ ٍﻊ‪.‬‬
‫َ ِ اﺳْ َتعْ ِم ْﻝ مُعْ َج َم َﻙ ِ‬
‫ﻹيجْ ا ِد ال َم َعانِﻲ اﻵ ِت َيةِ‪:‬‬ ‫ْﻥ ُم َﺷاﻏِ بيْﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫َﺳ َي ُﻛ ْو َناﻥ َو َلدَ ي ِ‬
‫ِرﺳْ ﻝ‪َ ،‬معْ ُت ْوﻩٌ‪ ،‬ﺃَﺣْ دِﺱُ‬ ‫ْﺱ َﻛ َﺫل َِﻙ؟‬ ‫ﺃَ َلي َ‬
‫‪َ -‬ب َلﻰ‪َ ،‬ه َﺫا َما َي ْب ُدو‪.‬‬

‫ﻧَﺸَﺎﻁٌ‬

‫َ‬ ‫ِمﻥْ ﺃَﻱﱢ َبا ٍ‬

‫ﺏ ْال ِﻔعْ ُﻝ )ﺃﺣْ ﺳِ ﺏُ ( ْال َو ِ‬
‫ار ُد ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ ؟ َو َما َمعْ َناﻩُ؟‬

‫ﺏ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧَﺸَﺎﻁُ ﺍ ْﻟﻔَ ْﻬ ِﻢ َﻭﺍﻻ ْ‬

‫ﺳﺘِ ْﻴ َﻌﺎ ِ‬

‫ﺕ ْال ِﻘ ﱠ‬
‫ﺻ َة؟‬ ‫ﺽ ْالﻔ ِْﻛ َر ِة الﱠتِﻲ ي ُِر ْي ُد َها؟ َو َﻛي َ‬
‫ْﻑ َﻓ ِه ْم َ‬ ‫َه ْﻝ وُ ﱢﻓ َق ْال َﻛاتِﺏُ ﻓِﻲ َﻋرْ ِ‬

‫‪٤٠‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺪ ْر ُس اﻟ َّﺜﺎﻧِﻲ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﻘ َﻮ ِ‬
‫اﻋ ُﺪ‬ ‫َّ‬

‫ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﺪ ُد َﺗ ْﺬ ِﻛ ْﻴ ُﺮ ُه َو َﺗ ْﺄ ِﻧ ْﻴ ُﺜ ُﻪ‬
‫ُت َع ﱡد اﻷَﻋْ دَ ا ُد ج ُْزءًا م ُِه ًّما ﻓِﻲ َﺣ َيا ِت َنا؛ َﻓ َنﺣْ ﻥُ َنﺳْ َتعْ ِملُ َها ﻓِﻲ ﺣ َِﺳا َبا ِت َنا ْال َي ْو ِم ﱠيةِ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ‬
‫ﺿر ُْو ِري ٌﱠة؛ َو ِمﻥْ َﺫل َِﻙ َمعْ ِر َﻓ ُة‬ ‫َن َﻛا ُد َن ْﻔ َر ُﻍ ِم ْن َها‪َ ،‬و َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْاﻷَﻋْ دَ ا ُد َل َها ن َِﻅا ٌم ُي ﱠت َبﻊُ‪َ ،‬و َمعْ ِر َﻓ ُت ُﻪ َ‬
‫ْييز ْال َعدَ دِ‪َ ،‬م َتﻰ َي ُﻛ ْوﻥُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻝ ْال َمعْ ُد ْودِ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱْ َتم ِ‬ ‫ﺿ َو ِابطِ َت ْﺫ ِﻛي ِْر ْال َعدَ ِد َو َتﺄْ ِن ْي ِثﻪِ‪َ ،‬و َمعْ ِر َﻓ ُة َﺣ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ُم ْﻔ َر ًدا َم ْنﺻ ُْوبًا‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْو ُم ْﻔ َر ًدا َمجْ ر ُْورً ا‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْو َج ْمعًا َمجْ ر ُْورً ا‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ِﻓ ْيﻪِ‪َ ،‬و ِمﻥْ َﺫل َِﻙ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﺃَﻋْ دَ ا ًدا َو َردَ ْ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺇ َلﻰ َنﺹﱢ )ﺣ َِوا ُر ْاﻷَ ِج ﱠنةِ( َل َو َج ْد َ‬ ‫َو َل ْو َر َجعْ َ‬
‫مْﺱ َﺳ َن َواﺕٍ‪ْ ،‬اث َنﻲ َﻋ َﺷ َر َي ْومًا‪،‬‬ ‫ِتﺳْ َع َة ﺃَ ْﺷه ٍُر‪َ ،‬ﺧ َ‬
‫ِﺪ ٌة‬
‫َﻓﺎﺋ َ‬ ‫ْﻥ‪...‬‬‫ْﻥ ال ﱢﺳ ِني ِ‬ ‫ط َوا َﻝ ﺁﻻﻑِ َب ْﻝ َم َﻼ ِيي ِ‬ ‫ُ‬

‫اﻥ ْال َع َرﺏُ َﻗ ِد ْيمًا َي ْﻛ ُتب ُْو َﻥ‬ ‫َﻓ َم َتﻰ َي ُﻛ ْوﻥُ ْال َعدَ ُد م َُﺫ ﱠﻛرً ا؟ َو َم َتﻰ َي ُﻛ ْوﻥُ مُﺅ ﱠن ًثا؟‬
‫َﻛ َ‬
‫مْزا‪َ ،‬و َه ِﺫ ِﻩ‬ ‫ْال َعدَ دَ ِﻛ َتا َب ًة َﻻ َر ً‬ ‫َي ُﻛ ْوﻥُ ْال َعدَ ُد م َُﺫ ﱠﻛرً ا‪ِ ،‬ﺣي َْﻥ َي ْﺧلُو ِمﻥْ ﺃَ ﱠي ِة َﻋ َﻼ َم ٍة ِمﻥْ‬
‫َط ِر ْي َﻘ ُتهُم الﱠتِﻲ ُن ِر ْي ُد ﺃَﻥْ‬ ‫ﺿاﻑُ ﺇِل ْي ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺕ ال ﱠتﺄ ِن ْيﺙِ‪َ ،‬و َي ُﻛ ْوﻥُ م َُﺅ ﱠن ًثا ِﺣي َْﻥ ُت َ‬ ‫َﻋ َﻼ َما ِ‬
‫َن َت َعلﱠ َم َها ُه َنا‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ ال ﱠتﺄ ِن ْيﺙِ‪.‬‬‫ﺇِﺣْ دَ ﻯ َﻋ َﻼ َما ِ‬
‫ﺙ ْال َعدَ ِد ﺃَ ْو َت ْﺫ ِﻛي ِْرﻩِ‪،‬‬‫ﻑ ﺇِ َلﻰ َﻛ ْي ِﻔ ﱠي ِة َتﺄْ ِن ْي ِ‬ ‫َولِ َﻛﻲ َن َت َعرﱠ َ‬
‫ِﺪ ٌة‬
‫َﻓﺎﺋ َ‬ ‫اﻉ ْال َعدَ دِ‪َ ،‬وه َ‬
‫ِﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ُن َبيﱢﻥُ َﻗ ْب َﻝ َﺫل َِﻙ ﺃ ْن َو َ‬
‫ِﻲ‪-٥ -4 -۳ -2 -١) :‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷ ْﻋ َﺪﺍ ُﺩ ْﺍﻟ ُﻤ ْﻔ َﺮ َﺩ ُﺓ‪ ،‬ه َ‬ ‫ﺃ‪َ -‬‬
‫ﺙ اللﱠ ِ‬
‫تاﻥ‬ ‫َﻋ َﻼ َم َتا ال ﱠتﺄ ِن ْي ِ‬ ‫‪١000000 – ١000 -١00 -۹ -۸ -۷ -٦‬‬
‫اﻥ ْال َعدَ دَ َﻓ َي ُﻛ ْوﻥُ م َُﺅ ﱠن ًثا‬‫َت ْل َﺣ َﻘ ِ‬ ‫‪...‬الﺦ(‪.‬‬
‫ِﻲ ْاﻷلﻑُ ْال َم ْﻘﺻ ُْو َرةُ َﻛ َما‬ ‫ه َ‬ ‫ﺏ‪َ -‬‬
‫ﺍﻷ ْﻋ َﺪﺍ ُﺩ ْﺍﻟ ُﻤ َﺮ ﱠﻛﺒ ُ‬
‫ِﻲ الﱠتِﻲ َت َتﺄَلﱠﻑُ ِمﻥْ َﻋدَ دَ ي ِ‬
‫ْﻥ‬ ‫َﺔ‪َ :‬وه َ‬
‫ﻓِﻲ )ﺇِﺣْ دَ ﻯ َﻋ َﺷ َرة(‪َ ،‬وال ﱠتا ُء‬ ‫ِﻲ‪:‬‬
‫)الواو(‪َ ،‬وه َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْﺱ َب ْي َن ُه َما َﺣرْ ﻑُ ْال َع ْطﻑِ‬ ‫َلي َ‬
‫ْال َمرْ ب ُْو َط ُة َﻛ َما ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠتاﺳِ َعةِ‪،‬‬ ‫)مﻥ‪ ١١‬ﺇلﻰ ‪ :(١۹‬ﺃَ َﺣدَ َﻋ َﺷ َر‪ْ ،‬اث َنا َﻋ َﺷ َر‪َ ،‬ث َﻼ َثة‬
‫َو ِﺣي َْﻥ َي ْﺧلُو ْال َعدَ ُد ِم ْن ُه َما‬ ‫َﻋ َﺷ َر‪ ،‬ﺃَرْ َب َعة َﻋ َﺷ َر‪َ ،‬ﺧمْ َﺳة َﻋ َﺷ َر‪ ،‬ﺳِ َتة َﻋ َﺷ َر‪،‬‬
‫َﻓه َُو م َُﺫ ﱠﻛرٌ‪.‬‬ ‫َﺳب َْعة َﻋ َﺷ َر‪َ ،‬ث َما ِن َية َﻋ َﺷ َر‪ِ ،‬تﺳْ َعة َﻋ َﺷ َر‪.‬‬

‫‪٤١‬‬
 ‫ْﻥ َب ْي َن ُه َما َﺣرْ ﻑُ ْال َع ْطﻑِ َ‬ ‫ْﻄ ْﻮ َﻓ ُﺔ‪ :‬ه َ‬ ‫ﺟـ‪َ -‬‬
‫ﺍﻷ ْﻋ َﺪﺍ ُﺩ ْﺍﻟ َﻤﻌ ُ‬
‫)الواو(‬ ‫ِﻲ الﱠتِﻲ َت َتﺄلﱠﻑُ ِمﻥْ َﻋدَ دَ ي ِ‬
‫ِﻲ‪ِ :‬مﻥْ ‪ 2١‬ﺇلﻰ ‪َ 2۹‬و ِمﻥْ ‪ ۳١‬ﺇلﻰ ‪َ ۳۹‬و ِمﻥْ ‪ 4١‬ﺇلﻰ ‪َ 4۹‬و ِمﻥْ ‪ ٥١‬ﺇلﻰ ‪٥۹‬‬ ‫َوه َ‬
‫َو ِمﻥْ ‪ ٦١‬ﺇلﻰ ‪َ ٦۹‬و ِمﻥْ ‪ ۷١‬ﺇلﻰ ‪َ ۷۹‬و ِمﻥْ ‪ ۸١‬ﺇلﻰ ‪َ ۸۹‬و ِمﻥْ ‪ ۹١‬ﺇلﻰ ‪.۹۹‬‬
‫ِﻲ ِمﻥْ ‪ 20‬ﺇ َلﻰ ‪ ،۹0‬ﺃَﻱْ ‪:‬‬ ‫ُﻘ ْﻮ ِﺩ‪ :‬ه َ‬ ‫ﺎﻅ ْﺍﻟﻌ ُ‬‫ﺩ‪ -‬ﺃَ ْﻟ َﻔ ُ‬
‫ِﺪ ٌة‬
‫ﻋِ ْﺷر ُْو َﻥ‪َ ،‬ث َﻼ ُث ْو َﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃَرْ َبع ُْو َﻥ‪َ ،‬ﺧ ْمﺳ ُْو َﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳِ ُت ْو َﻥ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺎﺋ َ‬

‫ﺕ ِبﺄ َ ْل َﻔاﻅِ ْال ُعﻘُ ْودِ؛ ﻷﻥﱠ‬ ‫ُﺳ ﱢم َي ْ‬ ‫َﺳ ْبع ُْو َﻥ‪َ ،‬ث َما ُن ْو َﻥ‪ِ ،‬تﺳْ ع ُْو َﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﺧ َر َﻋ ْﺷرً ا‪،‬‬ ‫ﺃَمﱠا ْال َعدَ ُد )‪َ (١0‬ﻓه َُو َمرﱠ ًة يُﺳْ َتعْ َم ُﻝ ُم ْﻔ َر ًدا‪ ،‬م ِْث ُﻝ َبي َْﻥ َﻋدَ ٍد َو َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ْاﻷﻋْ دَ ا ِد ) ِمﻥْ ‪ ١‬ﺇ َلﻰ ‪َ ،(۹‬و َمرﱠ ًة يُﺳْ َتعْ َم ُﻝ م َُر ﱠﻛبًا َم َﻊ َو ْال َع ْﻘ ُد َي َتﺄلﱠﻑُ ِمﻥْ َﻋ ْﺷ ٍر‪،‬‬
‫اﺵ الرﱠ ُج ُﻝ ﺃَرْ َب َع َة‬‫َيﻘُ ْولُ ْو َﻥ‪َ :‬ﻋ َ‬ ‫اﻷَﻋْ دَ ا ِد ْالم َُر ﱠﻛ َب ِة ِمﻥْ )‪ (١١‬ﺇ َلﻰ )‪.(١۹‬‬
‫ُﻋﻘُ ْودٍ‪ ،‬ﺃَﻱْ ﺃَرْ َب ِعي َْﻥ َﻋامًا‪.‬‬ ‫ْاﻵ َﻥ ُن َبيﱢﻥُ ﺃَﺣْ َﻛا َم َت ْﺫ ِﻛي ِْر َه ِﺫ ِﻩ اﻷَﻋْ دَ ادِ‪َ ،‬و َتﺄْ ِن ْي ِث َها‬
‫َﻛ ْاﻵتِﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻥ )‪١‬ﻭ‪(٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺃ‪ْ -‬ﺍﻟ َﻌ َﺪ َﺩ‬
‫ِﺪ ٌة‬
‫َﻓﺎﺋ َ‬ ‫ْﺙ ال ﱠت ْﺫ ِﻛ ْي ُر َوال ﱠتﺄْ ِني ُ‬
‫اﻥ ْال َمعْ ُد ْودَ‬ ‫ْﺙ ي َ‬
‫ُط ِاب َﻘ ِ‬ ‫ِمﻥْ َﺣي ُ‬
‫َي َت َو ﱠﻗﻑُ َت ْﺫ ِﻛ ْي ُر ْال َعدَ ِد َو َتﺄْ ِني ُْث ُﻪ‬ ‫ْﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ َﺣا َل ِة اﻹ ْﻓ َرادِ‪ ،‬ﺃَﻱْ ‪ِ :‬ﺣي َْﻥ يُﺳْ َتعْ َم ِ‬
‫ﻼﻥ ُم ْﻔ َردَ ي ِ‬
‫ﺱ ْال َمعْ ُد ْودِ‪َ ،‬وه َُو‬ ‫َﻋ َلﻰ ِج ْن ِ‬ ‫اﻝ ال ﱠترْ ِﻛ ْيﺏِ‪ :‬ﺃَ َﺣدَ َﻋ َﺷ َر‬ ‫اﻥ‪َ ،‬وﻓِﻲ َﺣ ِ‬ ‫َوا ِﺣ ٌد َو ْاث َن ِ‬
‫ال ﱠﺷﻲ ُء الﱠﺫِﻱ ُي َبيﱢﻥُ ْال َعدَ دَ‬ ‫َو ْاث َنا َﻋ َﺷ َر‪َ ،‬و ْال َع ْطﻑِ ‪َ :‬وا ِﺣ ٌد َوﻋِ ْﺷر ُْو َﻥ‪َ ،‬و ْاث َن ِ‬
‫اﻥ‬
‫ﺿ ُﺣ ُﻪ َوالﱠﺫِﻱ ُن َﺳ ﱢم ْي ِﻪ‬ ‫َوي َُو ﱢ‬ ‫َوﻋِ ْﺷر ُْو َﻥ‪َ ،‬و َوا ِﺣ ٌد َو َث َﻼ ُث ْو َﻥ‪َ ،‬و ْاث َن ِ‬
‫اﻥ َو َث َﻼ ُث ْو َﻥ‪..‬الﺦ‬
‫َت ْم ِيي َْز ْال َعدَ دِ‪َ ،‬ﻛ َﻘ ْولِ َنا‪ :‬ﻋِ ْندِﻱ‬ ‫اﻥ ْال َمعْ ُد ْو ُد‬ ‫اﻥ ْال َمعْ ُد ْودَ ﺃَﻱْ ‪ ،‬ﺇِﻥْ َﻛ َ‬ ‫َﻓ ُه َما ي َ‬
‫ُط ِاب َﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺃَ َﺣدَ َﻋ َﺷ َر ِد ْي َنارً ا‪َ ،‬ﻓ ْال َمعْ ُد ْو ُد‬ ‫اﻥ ْال َمعْ ُد ْو ُد م َُﺅ ﱠن ًثا‬ ‫اﻥ‪َ ،‬وﺇِﻥْ َﻛ َ‬ ‫م َُﺫ ﱠﻛرً ا َﻓ ُه َما م َُﺫ ﱠﻛ َر ِ‬
‫ه َُو ) ِد ْي َنارٌ(‪ ،‬وهو م َُﺫ ﱠﻛرٌ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻥ‪ ،‬م ِْثﻝُ‪) :‬ﻋِ ْندِﻱ ِﻛ َتاﺏٌ َوا ِﺣ ٌد‪َ ،‬و َم َجلﱠ ٌة‬ ‫َﻓ ُه َما م َُﺅ ﱠن َث ِ‬
‫اﻥ(‪،‬‬ ‫اﻥ ْاث َن َت ِ‬ ‫اﻥ ْاث َن ِ‬
‫اﻥ َو َم َجلﱠ َت ِ‬ ‫َواﺣِدَ ةٌ(‪) ،‬ﻋِ ْندِﻱ ِﻛ َتا َب ِ‬
‫)ﻋِ ْندِﻱ ﺃَ َﺣدَ َﻋ َﺷ َر ِﻛ َتابًا وﺇِﺣْ دَ ﻯ َﻋ ْﺷ َر َة َم َجلﱠ ًة(‪) ،‬ﻋِ ْندِﻱ ْاث َنا َﻋ َﺷ َر ِﻛ َتابًا َو ْاث َن َتا َﻋ ْﺷ َر َة‬
‫اﻥ َوﺃَرْ َبع ُْو َﻥ‬ ‫َم َجلﱠ ًة(‪) ،‬ﻋِ ْندِﻱ َوا ِﺣ ٌد َوﻋِ ْﺷر ُْو َﻥ ِﻛ َتابًا‪َ ،‬و َواﺣِدَ ةٌ َو َﺧ ْمﺳ ُْو َﻥ َم َجلﱠ ًة‪َ ،‬و ْاث َن َت ِ‬
‫اﺳ ًة(‪.‬‬ ‫ُﻛرﱠ َ‬
‫ﺏ َو ْال َع ْطﻑِ‬ ‫اﻥ( ﻓِﻲ َﺣا َل ِة اﻹ ْﻓ َرا ِد َوال ﱠترْ ِﻛ ْي ِ‬ ‫)وا ِﺣ ٌد َو ْاث َن ِ‬ ‫ْﻥ َ‬‫ِﻅ ﺃَﻥﱠ ْال َعدَ دَ ي ِ‬‫ﺕ ُت َﻼﺣ ُ‬ ‫َﻓﺄ َ ْن َ‬

‫‪٤٢‬‬
‫ْﺱ َو ْال َﻘ َم َر‬ ‫ْﺕ ﺃَ َﺣدَ َﻋ َﺷ َر َﻛ ْو َﻛبًا َوال ﱠﺷم َ‬‫اﻥ ْال َمعْ ُد ْودَ ‪َ ،‬ﻗا َﻝ ﷲُ َت َعا َلﻰ‪» :‬ﺇِ ﱢنﻲ َرﺃَي ُ‬ ‫ي َ‬
‫ُط ِاب َﻘ ِ‬
‫ِيﻥ« )ي ُْوﺳُﻑ‪َ ( 4:‬ﻓ ْال َعدَ ُد )ﺃَ َﺣدَ َﻋ َﺷ َر( َجا َء م َُﺫ ﱠﻛرً ا؛ ِﻷﻥﱠ ْال َمعْ ُد ْودَ‬ ‫َرﺃَ ْي ُت ُه ْم لِﻲ َﺳا ِجد َ‬
‫ﺱ َواﺣِدَ ةٍ« )الزمر‪َ (٦:‬جا َء ْال َعدَ ُد‬ ‫»ﺧ َل َﻘ ُﻛ ْم ِمﻥْ َن ْﻔ ٍ‬‫) َﻛ ْو َﻛبًا( م َُﺫ ﱠﻛرٌ‪َ ،‬و َﻗا َﻝ َت َعا َلﻰ‪َ :‬‬
‫ﺱ( م َُﺅ ﱠن َث ٌة‪.‬‬‫)واﺣِدَ ةٍ( م َُﺅ ﱠن ًثا؛ ﻷﻥﱠ ْال َمعْ ُد ْودَ ) َن ْﻔ ٍ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺍﻷ ْﻋ َﺪﺍ ُﺩ ) ِﻣ ْﻦ ‪ ٣‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪(٩‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪َ -‬‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫اﻝ َﻛا َن ْ‬ ‫َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْاﻷَﻋْ دَ ا ُد ُت َﺧالِﻑُ ْال َمعْ ُد ْودَ ﻓِﻲ َﺣ ِ‬
‫ِﺪ ٌة‬
‫َﻓﺎﺋ َ‬ ‫ُم ْﻔ َردَ ًة ﺃَ ْو م َُر ﱠﻛ َب ًة ﺃَ ْو َمعْ ُ‬
‫اﻥ ْال َمعْ ُد ْو ُد‬ ‫ط ْو َﻓ ًة‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِﻥْ َﻛ َ‬
‫ﺇﺫا ﻛاﻥ ْال َمعْ ُد ْو ُد َج ْمعًا‪،‬‬ ‫اﻥ ْال َمعْ ُد ْو ُد م َُﺅ ﱠن ًثا‬‫اﻥ ْال َعدَ ُد م َُﺅ ﱠن ًثا‪َ ،‬وﺇِﻥْ َﻛ َ‬ ‫م َُﺫ ﱠﻛرً ا َﻛ َ‬
‫ْﺙ‬‫ﻅ ُر ﺇ َلﻰ ُم ْﻔ َر ِد ِﻩ ِمﻥْ َﺣي ُ‬ ‫»ﺳ ﱠﺧ َر َها َﻋ َلي ِْه ْم َن ْن ُ‬ ‫اﻥ ْال َعدَ ُد م َُﺫ ﱠﻛرً ا‪َ َ ،‬ﻗا َﻝ َت َعا َلﻰ‪َ :‬‬ ‫َﻛ َ‬
‫َ‬
‫م ِْثﻝُ‪:‬‬ ‫ﱠام« )الﺣاﻗة‪َ (۷ :‬و َردَ ﻓﻲ اﻵي ِة ال ﱠت ْﺫ ِﻛ ْي ُر َوال ﱠتﺄْ ِني ُ‬
‫ْﺙ‬ ‫اﻝ َو َث َما ِن َي َة ﺃي ٍ‬
‫َﺳب َْﻊ َل َي ٍ‬
‫َ ﱠ‬
‫)ﺳب َْﻊ( الﺫِﻱ َجا َء مُﺫﻛرً ا؛ ﻷﻥﱠ َجا َء َنا َث َﻼ َث ُة ﺃَ َﺳات َِﺫةٍ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ْال َعدَ ُد‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻥ‪ ،‬اﻷَوﱠ ﻝُ‪ :‬ه َُو َ‬ ‫َﻋدَ دَ ِ‬
‫ﺙ‪َ ،‬وه َُو ) َل ْي َلة( َﻓ َﺧا َل َﻔﻪُ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻝ( ُم ْﻔ َر ُدﻩُ م َُﺅ ﱠن ٌ‬ ‫ْال َمعْ ُد ْودَ ) َل َي ٍ‬
‫ار م َُﺅ ﱠن ًثا؛ ﻷﻥﱠ‬ ‫ﺻ َ‬ ‫) َث َﻼ َث ُة( َ‬
‫َو ْال َعدَ ُد ) َث َما ِن َية( َجا َء م َُﺅ ﱠن ًثا؛ ﻷﻥﱠ ْال َمعْ ُد ْودَ )ﺃَيﱠام(‬
‫ُم ْﻔ َردَ ْال َمعْ ُد ْو ِد )ﺃَ َﺳات َِﺫة( م َُﺫ ﱠﻛ ٌر‬
‫ﺕ َﻋ َلﻰ‬ ‫ﺻ ْل ُ‬ ‫)ﺣ َ‬ ‫ُم ْﻔ َر ُدﻩُ ) َي ْوم(‪َ ،‬وه َُو م َُﺫ ﱠﻛرٌ‪ ،‬م ِْثﻝُ‪َ :‬‬
‫)ﺃُﺳْ َتاﺫ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺙ َﻋ ْﺷ َر َة دَ َر َج ًة ﻓِﻲ َﻗ َواﻋِ ِد اللﱡ َﻐ ِة ْال َع َر ِب ﱠيةِ‪َ ،‬وﺳِ َ‬ ‫َث َﻼ َ‬
‫َﻋ ْﺷ َر َة دَ َر َج ًة ﻓِﻲ اﻷَدَ ﺏِ(‪.‬‬
‫اﻥ؛ َﻷﻥﱠ‬ ‫اﻥ‪َ ،‬و َﻗ ْد َﺧا َل َﻔا ْال َمعْ ُد ْودَ؛ ﺇِ ْﺫ ُه َما ُه َنا م َُﺫ ﱠﻛ َر ِ‬ ‫ﺕ( م َُر ﱠﻛ َب ِ‬ ‫ﺙ َوﺳِ َ‬ ‫اﻥ ) َث َﻼ َ‬ ‫َﻓالعْ دَ دَ ِ‬
‫ُطا َل َعةِ‪َ ) :‬بعْ دَ َﻋ َنا ٍء َﻗُ َرا َب َة ِتﺳْ َع ِة‬ ‫ﺙ َوه َُو )دَ َر َج ًة(‪َ .‬و َجا َء ﻓِﻲ َنﺹﱢ ْالم َ‬ ‫ْال َمعْ ُد ْودَ م َُﺅ ﱠن ٌ‬
‫ﺙ؛ ﻷﻥﱠ ْال َمعْ ُد ْودَ )ﺃَ ْﺷهُر( ُم ْﻔ َر ُدﻩُ م َُﺫ ﱠﻛ ٌر َوه َُو َﺷ ْهرٌ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃَ ْﺷه ٍُر َﺳ َتلِ ِدي َْﻥ( َﻓ ْال َعدَ ُد ) ِتﺳْ َعة( م َُﺅ ﱠن ٌ‬
‫ﺟـ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ )‪(١٠‬‬
‫اﻥ ُم ْﻔ َر ًدا َﻓ َي ُﻛ ْوﻥُ ُﺣ ْﻛ ُم َتﺄْ ِن ْي ِث ِﻪ َو َت ْﺫ ِﻛي ِْر ِﻩ َﻛ ُﺣ ْﻛ ِم اﻷَﻋْ دَ ا ِد ِمﻥْ )‪ ۳‬ﺇِ َلﻰ ‪ ،(۹‬ﺃَﻱْ‬‫ﺇِ َﺫا َﻛ َ‬
‫اﻥ‬ ‫)ﻋ ْﺷ َرةُ( َﻛ َ‬ ‫اﻝ‪َ ،‬و َﻋ ْﺷ ُر ن َِﺳا ٍء‪َ .‬ﻓ ْال َعدَ ُد َ‬ ‫ﺿ َر َﻋ ْﺷ َرةُ ِر َج ٍ‬ ‫ﺇِ ﱠن ُﻪ ي َُﺧالِﻑُ ْال َمعْ ُد ْودَ ‪ ،‬م ِْثﻝُ‪َ :‬ﺣ َ‬
‫)رجُﻝ(‪َ ،‬وﻓِﻲ ْال ُج ْم َل ِة ﱠ‬ ‫ً َ‬
‫اﻥ‬ ‫الثا ِن َي ِة َﻛ َ‬ ‫اﻝ( َو ُم ْﻔ َر ُدﻩُ َ‬
‫)ر َج ٍ‬ ‫م َُﺅ ﱠنثا؛ َﻷﻥﱠ ْال َمعْ ُد ْودَ م َُﺫ ﱠﻛ ٌر َوه َُو ِ‬
‫ﺙ َوه َُو )ن َِﺳا ٍء(‪.‬‬ ‫)ﻋ ْﺷرُ( م َُﺫ ﱠﻛرً ا؛ َﻷَﻥﱠ ْال َمعْ ُد ْودَ م َُﺅ ﱠن ٌ‬‫ْال َعدَ ُد َ‬
‫اﻥ ْال َعدَ ُد )‪ (١0‬م َُر ﱠﻛبًا‪َ ،‬ﻛ َما َمرﱠ ِب َنا ﻓِﻲ اﻷَﻋْ دَ ا ِد ْالم َُر ﱠﻛ َبةِ‪َ ،‬ﻓه َُو ي َ‬
‫ُط ِاب ُق ْال َمعْ ُد ْودَ ‪،‬‬ ‫َوﺇِ َﺫا َﻛ َ‬
‫)ﻋ َﺷ َر( ﻓِﻲ ْال ُج ْم َل ِة‬ ‫ْﺱ َﻋ ْﺷ َر َة َم َجلﱠ ًة(‪َ .‬ﻓ ْال َعدَ ُد َ‬ ‫م ِْثﻝُ‪) :‬ﻋِ ْندِﻱ ﺃَ َﺣدَ َﻋ َﺷ َر ِﻛ َتابًا‪َ ،‬و َﺧم َ‬

‫‪٤٣‬‬
‫اﻥ‬‫اﻝ ال ﱠترْ ِﻛ ْيﺏِ؛ َﻷَﻥﱠ ْال َمعْ ُد ْودَ م َُﺫ ﱠﻛرٌ‪َ ،‬وه َُو ) ِﻛ َتابًا(‪َ ،‬و َﻛ َ‬ ‫اﻥ م َُﺫ ﱠﻛرً ا ﻓِﻲ َﺣ ِ‬ ‫اﻷَو َلﻰ‪َ ،‬ﻛ َ‬
‫ﺙ َوه َُو ) َم َجلﱠ ًة(‪.‬‬ ‫)ﻋ ْﺷ َر َة(؛ َﻷَﻥﱠ ْال َمعْ ُد ْودَ ﺃَ ْيﺿًا م َُﺅ ﱠن ٌ‬ ‫م َُﺅ ﱠن ًثا َ‬
‫ُﻮ ُﻥ َﻭ ِﻣ ْﻠﻴَﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷ ْﻋ َﺪﺍ ُﺩ‪ِ :‬ﻣ ْﺌ ٌﺔ َﻭ ٌ‬
‫ﺃﻟﻒ َﻭ ِﻣ ْﻠﻴ ْ‬ ‫ﺩ‪َْ -‬‬
‫َه ِﺫ ِﻩ اﻷَﻋْ دَ ا ُد َت ْل َت ِز ُم َﺣا َل ًة َواﺣِدَ ًة َم َﻊ ْال َمعْ ُد ْو ِد‬
‫ِﺪ ٌة‬‫ﺙ َﻓ َﻼ َت َت َﻐ ﱠي ُر ﺻ ُْو َرةُ ْال َعدَ دِ‪ ،‬م ِْثﻝُ‪َ :‬ﻓﺎﺋ َ‬ ‫ْالم َُﺫ ﱠﻛ ِر ﺃَ ِو ْالم َُﺅ ﱠن ِ‬
‫ﺏ َو ِم ْﺋ ُة َم َجلﱠةٍ(‪َ .‬ﻓ ْال َعدَ ُد ) ِم َﺋة(‬ ‫)ﻋِ ْندِﻱ ِم َﺋ ُة ِﻛ َتا ٍ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫َتج ُْوز ِﻛ َتا َبة ال َعدَ ِد )‪(١00‬‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﺙ ﻓِﻲ ﺻ ُْو َر ٍة‬ ‫َبﻘ َِﻲ َم َﻊ ْال َمعْ ُد ْو ِد ْالم َُﺫ ﱠﻛ ِر َو ْالم َُﺅ ﱠن ِ‬
‫ْﻥ‪َ :‬ما َﺋة َو ِم َﺋة‪َ ،‬و َل ِﻛن ُﻪﱠ‬ ‫ُور َتي ِ‬
‫ِبﺻ َ‬
‫َواﺣِدَ ةٍ‪.‬‬
‫َ ُينط ُق ِب َﺣﺫﻑِ اﻷلﻑِ َﻛ َما ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫لﻑ مُﺷا ِه ٍد ﻓِﻲ ْال َم ْل َعﺏِ‪َ ،‬ومِﺋة‬ ‫ْﺕ ﺃَ َ‬ ‫)ر ْﺃي ُ‬ ‫َو َنﻘُ ْوﻝُ‪َ :‬‬
‫ﱠ‬
‫ﱡور ِة الثا ِن َي ِة ) ِم َﺋة(‪.‬‬ ‫الﺻ َ‬ ‫ُم َﺷاهِدَ ةٍ(‪.‬‬
‫ْﻦ‬‫ْﻦ ﺇِﻟَﻰ ِﺗ ْﺴ ِﻌﻴ َ‬ ‫ُﻘ ْﻮ ِﺩ‪ِ :‬ﻣ ْﻦ ِﻋ ْﺸ ِﺮﻳ َ‬ ‫ﺎﻅ ْﺍﻟﻌ ُ‬ ‫ﻫـ‪ -‬ﺃَ ْﻟ َﻔ ُ‬
‫ﺙ َﻓ َﻼ َت َت َﻐ ﱠيرُ‪ ،‬م ِْثﻝُ‪:‬‬ ‫َت ْل َت ِز ُم َﺣا َل ًة َواﺣِدَ ًة َم َﻊ ْال َمعْ ُد ْو ِد ْالم َُﺫ ﱠﻛ ِر َو ْالم َُﺅ ﱠن ِ‬
‫ْﺕ ﻋِ ْﺷ ِري َْﻥ ِﻛ َتابًا‪َ ،‬وﻋِ ْﺷ ِري َْﻥ َم َجلﱠ ًة‪،‬‬ ‫َجا َء َﺧمْ ﺳ ُْو َﻥ م َُو ﱠﻅ ًﻔا‪َ ،‬و َﺧمْ ﺳ ُْو َﻥ م َُو ﱠﻅ َﻔ ًة‪َ .‬وا ْﺷ َت َري ُ‬
‫ِيﻥ َل ْي َل ًة« )اﻷﻋراﻑ‪َ (١42:‬و َﻗا َﻝ َت َعا َلﻰ‪َ » :‬تعْ ُر ُﺝ‬ ‫ُوﺳﻰ َث َﻼث َ‬ ‫اﻋ ْد َنا م َ‬
‫»و َو َ‬ ‫َﻗا َﻝ َت َعا َلﻰ‪َ :‬‬
‫ﻑ َﺳ َنةٍ« )المعارﺝ‪.(4:‬‬ ‫يﻥ ﺃَ ْل َ‬‫اﻥ ِم ْﻘدَ ا ُرﻩُ َﺧمْ ﺳِ َ‬ ‫ْال َم َﻼ ِﺋ َﻛ ُة َوالرﱡ و ُﺡ ﺇِ َل ْي ِﻪ ﻓِﻲ َي ْو ٍم َﻛ َ‬
‫ﺍﻷ ْﻋ َﺪﺍ ِﺩ‪:‬‬‫َﺗ ْﻤﻴ ْﻴ ُﺰ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ْﻥ‪ :‬ال َعدَ ُد ث ﱠم َبعْ دَ ﻩُ ال َمعْ ُد ْو ُد‪ ،‬ون َﺳمﱢﻲ ال َمعْ ُد ْودَ ﻓِﻲ َﻗ َواﻋِ ِد‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫‪ -‬جُمْ لة ال َعدَ ِد َت َتﺄلﻑُ ِمﻥْ َﺷ ْي َﺋي ِ‬‫َ‬
‫اللﱡ َﻐ ِة ْال َع َر ِب ﱠي ِة َتم ِْيي ًْزا‪َ .‬و َمعْ َنﻰ ال ﱠتم ِْيي ِْز‪ :‬ه َُو ال ﱠت ْوﺿِ ْي ُﺢ َوال ﱠت ْﻔﺳِ ْيرُ؛ ﻷﻥﱠ ْال َعدَ دَ ُم ْب َه ٌم‬
‫َو َﻏا ِمﺽٌ ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َيﺣْ َتا ُﺝ ﺇ َلﻰ َما ُي َﻔ ﱢﺳ ُرﻩُ‪َ ،‬وه َُو ال ﱠت ْم ِي ْي ُز‪.‬‬
‫ِﻲ َﻛاﻵتِﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫‪َ -‬ولِ َتمْ ِيي ِْز ْال َعدَ ِد ﺻ َُو ٌر م َُع ﱠي َن ٌة‪ ،‬ه َ‬
‫ِﺪ ٌة‬‫ﺃ‪ -‬اﻷَﻋْ دَ ا ُد ِمﻥْ ﺃَ َﺣدَ َﻋ َﺷ َر ﺇ َلﻰ ِتﺳْ ٍﻊ َو ِتﺳْ ِعي َْﻥ َﻓﺎﺋ َ‬
‫َتم ِْي ْي ُز َها‪ُ :‬م ْﻔ َر ٌد َم ْنﺻ ُْوﺏٌ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ َم ْو ِﻗ ِع ِﻪ‬ ‫يُعْ َرﺏُ ْال َعدَ ُد ِب َﺣ َﺳ ِ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬اﻷَﻋْ دَ ا ُد ْال ُم ْﻔ َردَ ةُ‪-۹ -۸ -۷ -٦ -٥ -4 -۳ :‬‬
‫ﻓِﻲ ْال َﻛ َﻼ ِم‪َ ،‬ﻓ َي ُﻛ ْوﻥُ َﻓاﻋِ ًﻼ‬ ‫ﺿا َﻓةِ‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ ،١0‬ت ْم ِي ْي ُز َها‪َ :‬جمْ ٌﻊ َمجْ ر ُْو ٌر ِباﻹِ َ‬
‫ً‬
‫جـ‪ -‬اﻷَﻋْ دَ ا ُد ) ِم َﺋة‪َ ،‬وﺃلﻑ‪َ ،‬وم ِْلي ُْوﻥ‪َ ،‬وم ِْل َيار( َو َم ْﻔع ُْو ًﻻ َو ُم ْب َتدَ ﺃ َو َﺧ َبرً ا َو َنا ِﺋبًا‬
‫الﻅرْ ﻑِ ‪...‬الﺦ‬ ‫َﻋ ِﻥ ﱠ‬
‫ﺿا َﻓةِ‪.‬‬ ‫َتم ِْي ْي ُز َها ُم ْﻔ َر ٌد َمجْ ر ُْو ٌر ِباﻹِ َ‬

‫‪٤٤‬‬
 ‫َ‬
‫ْﻥ‪َ ،‬و َل َها َم َﺣ ﱞﻝ‬ ‫* اﻷﻋْ دَ ا ُد ْالم َُر ﱠﻛ َب ُة ِمﻥْ )‪ ١١‬ﺇ َلﻰ ‪َ (١۹‬ت ُﻛ ْوﻥُ َم ْب ِني ًﱠة َﻋ َلﻰ َﻓ ْت ِﺢ ْالج ُْزﺃَي ِ‬
‫)اث َنا َﻋ َﺷ َر ﺃَ ِو ْاث َن َتا َﻋ ْﺷ َر َة( َﻓ ْالج ُْز ُء اﻷَوﱠ ُﻝ ِم ْن ُﻪ م ُْل َﺣ ٌق‬
‫م َِﻥ اﻹﻋْ َراﺏِ‪َ ،‬ما َﻋدَ ا ْال َعدَ دَ ْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫الثانِﻲ‬‫ِب ْال ُم َث ﱠنﻰ َويُعْ َرﺏُ ِبﺈِﻋْ َر ِابﻪِ‪ِ ،‬باﻷلﻑِ َر ْﻓعًا‪َ ،‬و ِبال َيا ِء َنﺻْ بًا َو َج ًّرا‪َ ،‬و َي ْب َﻘﻰ ْالج ُْز ُء ﱠ‬
‫َم ْب ِن ًّيا َﻋ َلﻰ ْال َﻔ ْت ِﺢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺎن‬ ‫َﺗ ْﻘ ِﻮ ْﻳ ُﻢ اﻟّﻠ َ‬

‫ِﺴ ِ‬ ‫ﻼﺻ ُﺔ اﻟ َﻘ َﻮ ِ‬
‫اﻋ ِﺪ‬ ‫ُﺧ َ‬

‫اﻉ‪ْ :‬ال ُم ْﻔ َر ُد‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬

‫‪ -‬ال َعدَ ُد ﻓِﻲ اللﱡ َﻐ ِة ال َع َر ِب ﱠي ِة َﻋ َلﻰ ﺃ ْن َو ٍ‬
‫ْﺕ ﺃَ ْﻗ َﻼمًا َﻋ ْﺷ َر ًة‬
‫ﻗُﻝْ‪ :‬ا ْﺷ َت َري ُ‬ ‫ط ْو َﻓ ُة‪َ ،‬وﺃَ ْل َﻔ ُ‬ ‫َو ْالم َُر ﱠﻛﺏُ ‪َ ،‬واﻷَﻋْ دَ ا ُد ْال َمعْ ُ‬
‫اﻅ‬
‫ْﺕ ﺃَ ْﻗ َﻼمًا َﻋ ْﺷرً ا‬‫َو َﻻ َتﻘُﻝْ‪ :‬ا ْﺷ َت َري ُ‬
‫ْال ُعﻘُ ْودِ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ي َُﺫ ﱠﻛ ُر ْال َعدَ ُد ِﺣي َْﻥ ي َُجرﱠ ُد ِمﻥْ َﻋ َﻼ َم ٍة ِمﻥْ‬
‫ﺙ ِﺣي َْﻥ َت ْل َﺣ َُﻘ ُﻪ اﻷلﻑُ ْال َم ْﻘﺻ ُْو َرةُ ﺃَ ِو ال ﱠتا ُء ْال َمرْ ب ُْو َط ُة‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ ال ﱠتﺄْ ِن ْيﺙِ‪َ ،‬وي َُﺅ ﱠن ُ‬ ‫َﻋ َﻼ َما ِ‬
‫ْﺙ اﻹ ْﻓ َرا ُد َوال ﱠترْ ِﻛيْﺏُ َو ْال َع ْطﻑُ ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻥ ْال َمعْ ُد ْودَ ِمﻥْ َﺣي ُ‬ ‫‪ْ -‬ال َعدَ ُد )‪ ١‬و‪ (2‬ي َ‬
‫ُط ِاب َﻘ ِ‬
‫‪ -‬اﻷَﻋْ دَ ا ُد )‪ُ (۹-۸-۷-٦-٥-4-۳‬ت َﺧالِﻑُ ْال َمعْ ُد ْودَ ﺇِ ْﻓ َرا ًدا َو َترْ ِﻛ ْيبًا َو َﻋ ْط ًﻔا‪.‬‬
‫‪ْ -‬ال َعدَ ُد )‪ِ (١0‬ﺣي َْﻥ َي ْﻛ ْوﻥُ ُم ْﻔ َر ًدا ي َُﺧالِﻑُ ْال َمعْ ُد ْودَ ‪َ ،‬و ِﺣي َْﻥ َي ُﻛ ْوﻥُ ﻓِﻲ اﻷَﻋْ دَ ا ِد ْالم َُر ﱠﻛ َب ِة‬
‫ُط ِاب ُق ْال َمعْ ُد ْودَ ‪.‬‬ ‫ي َ‬
‫‪ -‬اﻷَﻋْ دَ ا ُد ) ِم ْﺋة‪َ ،‬وﺃلﻑ‪َ ،‬و َم ْلي ُْوﻥ‪َ ،‬وم ِْل َيار( َت ْب َﻘﻰ َﻋ َلﻰ ﺻ َ‬
‫ُور ِت َها َم َﻊ ْال َمعْ ُد ْو ِد ْالم َُﺫ ﱠﻛ ِر‬
‫ﻅ َها‪.‬‬‫ﺙ َو َﻻ َي َت َﻐ ﱠي ُر َل ْﻔ ُ‬ ‫ﺃَ ِو ْالم َُﺅ ﱠن ِ‬
‫اﻅ ْال ُعﻘُ ْو ِد )ﻋِ ْﺷر ُْو َﻥ‪َ ،‬و َث َﻼ ُث ْو َﻥ‪َ ،‬وﺃَرْ َبع ُْو َﻥ‪َ ،‬و َﺧ ْمﺳ ُْو َﻥ‪َ ،‬وﺳِ ﱡت ْو َﻥ‪َ ،‬و َﺳ ْبع ُْو َﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺃَ ْل َﻔ ُ‬
‫ُور ِت َها َم َﻊ ْال َمعْ ُد ْو ِد ْالم َُﺫ ﱠﻛ ِر‪ ،‬ﺃَ ِو ْالم َُﺅ ﱠنﺙِ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ‬ ‫َو َث َما ُن ْو َﻥ‪َ ،‬و ِتﺳْ ع ُْو َﻥ( َت ْب َﻘﻰ َﻋ َلﻰ ﺻ َ‬
‫ﻅ َها‪.‬‬ ‫َي َت َﻐ ﱠي ُر َل ْﻔ ُ‬
‫‪َ -‬تمْ ِي ْي ُز اﻷَﻋْ دَ ا ِد ِمﻥْ )‪ (١١‬ﺇلﻰ )‪َ ،(۹۹‬ي ُﻛ ْوﻥُ ُم ْﻔ َر ًدا َم ْنﺻ ُْوبًا‪َ ،‬و َتم ِْي ْي ُز اﻷَﻋْ دَ ا ِد‬
‫ْال ُم ْﻔ َردَ ِة ِمﻥْ )‪ (۳‬ﺇ َلﻰ )‪َ ،(۹‬و َم َع َها ْال َعدَ ُد )‪ِ (١0‬ﺣي َْﻥ يُﺳْ َتعْ َم ُﻝ ُم ْﻔ َر ًدا‪َ ،‬ي ْﻛ ْوﻥُ َتم ِْي ْي ُز َها‬
‫اﻹﺿا َﻓةِ‪َ ،‬و َتمْ ِي ْي ُز اﻷَﻋْ دَ ا ِد ) ِم ْﺋة َوﺃلﻑ َوم ِْلي ُْوﻥ َوم ِْل َيار( ُم ْﻔ َر ٌد َمجْ ر ُْو ٌر‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َجمْ عًا َمجْ ر ُْورً ا ِب‬
‫اﻹﺿا َﻓةِ‪.‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫ِب‬

‫‪٤٥‬‬
 ‫َﺣﻠﱢ ْﻞ َﻭﺃ ْﻋ ِﺮ ْﺏ‬

‫ِﻞ ُﺛ َّﻢ َأ ْﻋ ِﺮ ْب َﻣﺎ َﻳﺄﺗِﻲ‪َ :‬‬

‫»رَأ ْﻳ ُﺖ َأ َﺣ َﺪ َﻋ َﺸ َﺮ َﻛ ْﻮ َﻛ ًﺒﺎ« )ﺳﻮرة ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ‪(٢٤:‬‬ ‫َﺣّﻠ ْ‬
‫َﻛ ْو َﻛبًا‬ ‫ﺃَ َﺣدَ َﻋ َﺷ َر‬ ‫َرﺃَي ُ‬
‫ْﺕ‬
‫َﺣلﱢ ْﻝ‬

‫ﺕ َﻋ َلﻰ‬ ‫َﻛلِ َم ٌة دَ لﱠ ْ‬ ‫َﻛلِ َم ٌة َت ُد ﱡﻝ َﻋ َلﻰ‬ ‫َﻻﺣ ِْﻅ َو َﻓ ﱢﻛرْ‬

‫ْال َمعْ ُد ْو ِد َجا َء ْ‬ ‫َﻋدَ ٌد م َُر ﱠﻛﺏُ ِمﻥْ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺙ َو َﻗ ِﻊ َﻗ ْب َﻝ‬
‫َﺣدَ ٍ‬
‫ْﻥ‬
‫َﻋدَ دَ ي ِ‬
‫َم ْنﺻ ُْو َب ًة َبعْ دَ ْال َعدَ ِد‬ ‫َز َم ِﻥ الت َﻛلﱡ ِم‬

‫اﺽ‪َ ،‬و ْالﻔِعْ ُﻝ ْالمَاﺿِ ﻲ‬ ‫ِﻲ ﻓِعْ ٌﻝ َم ٍ‬ ‫ْال َﻛلِ َم ُة الﱠتِﻲ َت ُد ﱡﻝ َﻋ َلﻰ ْال َﺣدَ ِ‬
‫ﺙ َﻗ ْب َﻝ َز َم ِﻥ الت َﻛلﱡ ِم ه َ‬
‫َت َﺫ ﱠﻛرْ‬
‫ﺕ ِب ِﻪ َتا ُء ال َﻔاﻋِ ِﻝ َﻓهُو ْال َﻔاﻋِ ُﻝ ﻓيﻛوﻥ َم ْبنِيا ً َﻋ َلﻰ ال ﱡﺳ ُﻛ ْو ِﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺻ َل ْ‬
‫دَ ا ِﺋمًا َم ْبنِﻲﱞ ‪َ ،‬و َﻗ ْد ا ﱠت َ‬
‫)رﺃَﻯ( ﻓِعْ ٌﻝ ُم َت َع ﱟد َي ْنﺻِ ﺏُ َم ْﻔع ُْو ًﻻ ِبﻪِ‪.‬‬
‫َو ْالﻔِعْ ُﻝ َ‬

‫ْﻥ‪َ ،‬ويُعْ َرﺏُ َب َﺣ َﺳ ِ‬

‫ﺏ‬ ‫ْﻥ ُي ْب َنﻰ َﻋ َلﻰ َﻓ ْت ِﺢ ْالج ُْزﺃَي ِ‬‫اﻥ م َُر ﱠﻛبًا مِﻥْ َﻋدَ دَ ي ِ‬ ‫ْال َعدَ ُد َﺇﺫا َﻛ َ‬ ‫َت َعلﱠ َ‬
‫مْﺕ‬
‫اج ٍة ﺇ َلﻰ َمعْ ُد ْودٍ‪َ ،‬وه َُو َتمْ ِي ْي ُز ْال َعدَ ِد َو َي ُﻛ ْوﻥُ َم َﻊ‬‫َم ْو ِﻗ ِع ِﻪ م َِﻥ ْالجُمْ َلةِ‪َ ،‬و ُﻛ ﱡﻝ َﻋدَ ٍد ِب َﺣ َ‬
‫ْال َعدَ ِد ْالم َُر ﱠﻛ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ُم ْﻔ َر ًدا َم ْنﺻ ُْوبًا‬

‫َتمْ ِي ْي ٌز ل ِْل َعدَ ِد‬ ‫َم ْﻔع ُْو ٌﻝ ِب ِﻪ ل ِْلﻔِعْ ِﻝ‬ ‫اﺽ َوال ﱠتا ُء‬ ‫ﻓِعْ ٌﻝ َم ٍ‬ ‫تﺳتنتج‬
‫ﺏ‬‫ْالم َُر ﱠﻛ ِ‬ ‫)رﺃَﻯ( ْال ُم َت َع ﱢدﻱ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْال َﻔاﻋِ ُﻝ َل ُﻪ‬

‫ْاﻹﻋْ َراﺏ‬
‫اﺽ َم ْبنِﻲﱞ َﻋ َلﻰ‬ ‫ﻓِعْ ٌﻝ َم ٍ‬
‫َت ْم ِي ْي ٌز َم ْنﺻ ُْوﺏٌ َو َﻋ َﻼ َم ُة‬ ‫َﻋدَ ٌد م َُر ﱠﻛﺏٌ َم ْبنِﻲﱞ َﻋ َلﻰ‬ ‫ال ﱡﺳ ُﻛ ْو ِﻥ ِﻻ ﱢت َ‬
‫ﺻالِ ِﻪ ِب َتا ِء‬
‫َنﺻْ ِب ِﻪ ْال َﻔ ْت َﺣ ُة ﱠ‬
‫الﻅاه َِرةُ َﻋ َلﻰ‬ ‫ْﻥ ﻓِﻲ َم َﺣ ﱢﻝ‬ ‫َﻓ ْت ِﺢ ْالج ُْزﺃَي ِ‬ ‫ْال َﻔاﻋِ ِﻝ َوال ﱠتا ُء َ‬
‫ﺿ ِم ْي ٌر‬
‫ﺁﺧ ِِر ِﻩ‬ ‫ﺏ َم ْﻔع ُْو ٌﻝ ِب ِﻪ‬
‫َنﺻْ ٍ‬ ‫ُم ﱠتﺻِ ٌﻝ ﻓِﻲ َم َﺣ ﱢﻝ َر ْﻓ ِﻊ‬
‫َﻓاﻋِ ٍﻝ‪.‬‬

‫َ‬
‫ﺟﻮاﺋﺰ‬ ‫ﻼث‬ ‫ِﻞ ُﺛ َّﻢ َأ ْﻋ ِﺮ ْب َﻣﺎ َﻳﺄﺗِﻲ‪َ :‬ﺣ َﺼﻠ ُ‬
‫ْﺖ َﻋﻠَﻰ َﺛ ِ‬ ‫َﺣّﻠ ْ‬

‫‪٤٦‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﱠ ْﻤ ِﺮ ْﻳﻨَﺎﺕُ‬
‫‪۱‬‬
‫ﺿ َو ِاب َط ِﻛ َتا َب ِة اﻷَﻋْ دَ ا ِد َو ْال َمعْ ُد ْو ِد َو َم ْو ِﻗ ِع َها اﻹِﻋْ َر ِابﻲﱢ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺏ ْال ُج َم َﻝ ال ﱠتالِ َي َة‪ ،‬م َُراﻋِ يًا َ‬ ‫ا ْﻛ ُت ِ‬
‫‪ُ -١‬تو ﱢﻓ َﻲ ال ﱠﺷاﻋِ ُر َب ْد ُر َﺷاﻛِر ال ﱠﺳيﱠاﺏُ َﺳ َن َة )‪.(١۹٦4‬‬
‫ﺿ َر ﺇلﻰ ْالم ُْﺅ َت َم ِر ‪َ ٥0۸‬ط ِبيْﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ -2‬ﺣ َ‬
‫‪ -۳‬ﻓِﻲ ْال َم ْﻛ َت َب ِة ‪ِ ١۸۹۷‬ﻛ َتاﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﻓِﻲ ْال َمرْ َﻋﻰ ‪َ ١00‬ب َﻘ َرة‪.‬‬
‫اق ‪ُ ۳۸‬م َت َﺳ ِابق‪.‬‬ ‫ﻙ ﻓِﻲ ال ﱢﺳ َب ِ‬ ‫ار ُ‬ ‫‪ُ -٥‬ي َﺷ ِ‬
‫‪۲‬‬
‫ﺱ َواﺣِدَ ٍة ُث ﱠم َج َع َﻝ ِم ْن َها َز ْو َج َها َوﺃَ ْن َز َﻝ َل ُﻛ ْم م َِﻥ ْاﻷَ ْن َع ِام‬ ‫»ﺧ َل َﻘ ُﻛ ْم ِمﻥْ َن ْﻔ ٍ‬
‫َﻗا َﻝ َت َعا َلﻰ‪َ :‬‬
‫ﺙ َﺫلِ ُﻛ ُم‬ ‫ﺕ َث َﻼ ٍ‬‫ﻅلُ َما ٍ‬ ‫وﻥ ﺃ ُ ﱠم َها ِت ُﻛ ْم َﺧ ْل ًﻘا ِمﻥْ َبعْ ِد َﺧ ْل ٍق ﻓِﻲ ُ‬ ‫ُط ِ‬ ‫َث َما ِن َي َة ﺃَ ْز َواﺝ َي ْﺧلُﻘُ ُﻛ ْم ﻓِﻲ ب ُ‬
‫ٍ‬
‫وﻥ« )الزمر‪.(٦:‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﻙ َﻻ ﺇِ َل َﻪ ﺇِﻻ ه َُو َﻓﺄ ﱠنﻰ ُتﺻْ َرﻓُ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﷲُ َر ﱡب ُﻛ ْم َل ُﻪ المُل ُ‬
‫)واﺣِدَ ة( م َُﺅ ﱠن ًثا؟‬ ‫ﺃ‪ -‬لِ َم َاﺫا َجا َء ْال َعدَ ُد َ‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬لِ َم َاﺫا َجا َء ْال َعدَ ُد ) َث َﻼﺙ( م َُﺫ ﱠﻛرً ا؟‬
‫ميي َْز ْال َعدَ ِد ) َث َما ِن َية( َو َبيﱢﻥْ ﺻ ُْو َر َتﻪُ‪.‬‬ ‫جـ‪ -‬اﺳْ َت ْﺧ ِرﺝْ َت ِ‬
‫د‪َ -‬ما ﺇﻋْ َراﺏُ ْال َعدَ ِد ) َث َما ِن َية(؟‬
‫‪۳‬‬
‫ﺿ َو ِاب َط ْال َعدَ ِد َو ْال َمعْ ُد ْودِ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺏ اﻷَﻋْ دَ ادَ م َُراﻋِ يًا َ‬ ‫ا ْﻛ ُت ِ‬
‫اﻥ )‪َ ،(2‬و)‪ُ (١0‬ﻏرْ َﻓة ﺻِ ِﺣيﱠة‪،‬‬ ‫ﺻﻑّ ‪َ ،‬و َﺣ ِد ْي َﻘة )‪َ (١‬و َل َها َبا َب ِ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ َم ْد َر َﺳتِﻲ )‪َ (2١‬‬
‫ارﺱ‪َ ،‬ويُدَ رﱢ ﺱُ ِﻓ ْي َها )‪ (١٦‬مُدَ رﱢ ﺱ‪َ ،‬و)‪ (٥‬مُدَ رﱢ َﺳة‪.‬‬ ‫َو َم ْﻛ َت َبة )‪َ (١‬و َل َها )‪َ (۳‬ﺣ ِ‬

‫‪٤‬‬
‫يﻥ ﺃَ ْل َ‬
‫ﻑ‬ ‫اﻥ ِم ْﻘدَ ا ُرﻩُ َﺧ ْمﺳِ َ‬ ‫َﻗا َﻝ َت َعا َلﻰ‪َ » :‬تعْ ُر ُﺝ ْال َم َﻼ ِﺋ َﻛ ُة َوالرﱡ و ُﺡ ﺇِ َل ْي ِﻪ ﻓِﻲ َي ْو ٍم َﻛ َ‬
‫َﺳ َنةٍ« )المعارﺝ‪.(4:‬‬
‫ْﺙ ال ﱠت ْﺫ ِﻛ ْي ُر َوال ﱠتﺄْ ِني ُ‬
‫ْﺙ؟‬ ‫)ﺧ ْمﺳِ ي َْﻥ( ِمﻥْ َﺣي ُ‬ ‫ﺃ‪َ -‬ما ﺣ ُْﻛ ُم ْال َعدَ ِد َ‬
‫ﺏ‪َ -‬ما ُﺣ ْﻛ ُم َتمْ ِيي ِْزﻩِ؟‬
‫ْﺙ؟ َو َما ُﺣ ْﻛ ُم َتم ِْيي ِْزﻩِ؟‪.‬‬ ‫ْﺙ ال ﱠت ْﺫ ِﻛ ْي ُر َوال ﱠتﺄْ ِني ُ‬
‫جـ‪َ -‬ما ُﺣ ْﻛ ُم ْال َعدَ ِد )ﺃلﻑ( ِمﻥْ َﺣي ُ‬
‫ِﺏ ِباللﱠ ْو ِﻥ اﻷَﺣْ َم ِر‪.‬‬
‫د‪ -‬ﺃَﻋْ ِرﺏْ َما ُﻛت َ‬

‫‪٤٧‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺪ ْر ُس اﻟ َّﺜﺎﻟ ُ‬
‫ِﺚ‪ :‬اﻷ َد ُب‬ ‫َّ‬

‫ﺃَ ﱠﻭ ًﻻ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺸﱢﻌ ُﺮ ﺍ ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻠ َﺤ ِﻤ ﱡﻲ‬

‫ُط ْولي ٌﱠة ﺷِ عْ ِري ٌﱠة َطو ْي َلة ٌ َﻗ ْد َتﺻِ ُﻝ ﺇِ َلﻰ َﺁﻻﻑِ ْاﻷ ْب َياﺕِ‪،‬‬ ‫ِﻲ ِﻗﺻ ٌﱠة ب ُ‬ ‫ْال َم ْل َﺣ َم ُة‪ :‬ه َ‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺏ م َِﻥ ال ﱡﺷع ُْو ِ‬ ‫ﺕ َﺷعْ ٍ‬ ‫ارﻗ ٍة ل ِْل َعادَ ةِ‪َ .‬ﻏالِبًا َما َتﻘُﺹﱡ ِﺣ َﻛا َيا ِ‬ ‫ِﺙ َﺧ ِ‬ ‫َو َتﺣْ َت ِوﻱ َﻋ َلﻰ َﺣ َواد َ‬
‫ﺕ ال ﱠﺷعْ ِب ﱠي َة‪،‬‬ ‫ﺿمﱠﻥُ ْال َم ْل َﺣ َم ُة‪ْ :‬ال ِﺣ َﻛا َيا ِ‬ ‫ﺻﺻِ ﻲﱟ ‪َ .‬و َت َت َ‬ ‫ﺏ َﻗ َ‬ ‫ار ْي ِﺧﻪِ‪َ ،‬و ُت ْن َﻅ ُم ِبﺄُﺳْ لُ ْو ٍ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ ِبدَ ا َي ِة َت ِ‬
‫اق ﻓِﻲ ْال َﺧ َي ِ‬
‫اﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫َو ْال ُﺧ َرا َﻓاﺕِ‪َ ،‬واﻹِ ْﻏ َر َ‬
‫اﺕ ال ﱢﺷعْ ِر ْال َم ْل َﺣمِﻲﱢ َﻓ َﻼ يُعبﱢر ِﻓ ْي ِﻪ ال ﱠﺷاﻋِ ُر َﻋﻥْ َن ْﻔﺳِ ﻪِ‪َ ،‬ﻛ َما ﻓِﻲ ال ﱢﺷعْ ِر ْال ِوجْ دَ انِﻲﱢ ؛‬ ‫ﺃَمﱠا ﺳِ َم ُ‬
‫ﺿ ِم ْي ٌر َيعُو ُد َﻋ َل ْي ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺏ ُم ِثي ٍْر لِل ﱠدهْ ﺷةِ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ َي ْﻅ َه ُر لِل ﱠﺷاﻋِ ِر اﺳْ ٌم‪ْ ،‬ﺃو َ‬ ‫َوﺇِ ﱠن َما ُي َﻘ ﱢد ُم ْال َو َﻗاﺋ َِﻊ بﺄُﺳْ لُ ْو ٍ‬
‫ْق ْال ُم ْنﺷِ ِدي َْﻥ ْال ُم َت َن ﱢﻘلِي َْﻥ‪،‬‬
‫اﻝ ﻋِ ﻥْ َط ِري ِ‬ ‫ﺳِ َوﻯ ﻗُ ْد َر ِت ِﻪ ْال َﻔ ﱢن ﱠيةِ‪ْ .‬ال َم ْل َﺣ َم ُة ﻗديما ً َت ْن َت ِﻘ ُﻝ ﻋِ ب َْر ْاﻷَجْ َي ِ‬
‫ﺕ ُت َﻘا ُﻝ ﺃَ ْو ُت َر ﱠت ُﻝ َﻋ َلﻰ َنﻐ َم ٍة َر ِت ْي َب ٍة َوﺃَﺣْ َيا ًنا ُت َﻐ ﱠنﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺹ وال ﱡﺷ َع َرا ِء؛ ﺇِ ْﺫ َﻛا َن ْ‬ ‫ﺻ ِ‬ ‫َور َُوا ِة ْال َﻘ َ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ط ْو ِر ﱠيةٍ‪ ،‬وﱠ َﻗ ْد َي َت َﻐ ﱠنﻰ ِبمُعْ ِج َزا ٍ‬ ‫ُط ْو َل ٍة ﺃُﺳْ ُ‬
‫َوﻓِﻲ ال ﱢﺷعْ ر ْال َم ْل َﺣمِﻲﱢ َﻗ ْد َت َت َﻐ ﱠنﻰ ْال َم ْل َﺣ َم ُة ِبب ُ‬
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‫ﺙ الﱠتِﻲ‬ ‫الﺣ ْوا ِد ِ‬ ‫ﺏ َ‬ ‫عر ْال َم ْل َﺣمِﻲﱢ ِب َﺣ َﺳ ِ‬ ‫اﺕ ال ﱢﺷ ِ‬ ‫َت ﱠتﺻِ ُﻝ ِب َع ِﻘيْدَ ِة ال ﱠﺷعْ ﺏِ‪َ .‬و َت َت َنوﱠ ُﻉ َم ْوﺿ ُْو َﻋ ُ‬
‫َت َل ﱠﻘا َها ال ﱠﺷاﻋِ رُ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻛلﱢ َها‬ ‫ِﺵ( الع َِراﻗ ﱢي ُة ِمﻥْ ﺃَ ْﻗدَ ِم ْال َم َﻼﺣ ِِم ال ﱢﺷعْ ِر ﱠي ِة ﻓِﻲ اﻵدَ ا ِ‬ ‫َو ُت َع ﱡد َم ْل َﺣ َم ُة )ﻛ ِْل َﻛام َ‬
‫اﻥ‬ ‫اﻉ ْاﻹِ ْن َﺳ ِ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﺕ ال َﺣاﺿِ ِر‪ .‬و َي ُد ْو ُر َم ْوﺿُو ُﻋ َها ال َعا ﱡم َﺣ ْو َﻝ ِﻓ ْﻛ َر ِة ال ُﺧلو ِد َوﺻِ َر ِ‬
‫َﺣ ﱠتﻰ ْال َو ْﻗ ِ ْ‬
‫اﻥ ﺃ ُ ْﺧ َرﻯ‪،‬‬ ‫الط ِبي َْع ِة الﱠتِﻲ َته ِْز ُم ُﻪ ِﺣ ْي ًنا‪َ ،‬و َيﻘِﻑُ َﻋا ِج ًزا ﺃَ َما َم َها ﻓِﻲ ﺃَﺣْ َي ٍ‬ ‫َم َﻊ َﻋ َوام ِِﻝ ﱠ‬
‫اﻝ‬ ‫اﻥ ي َُﺧلﱠ ُد ِب َما َيﻘُ ْو ُم ِبﺄَﻋْ َم ٍ‬ ‫ﺕ ﻋِ ﱠدةٍ‪ .‬ﺃَمﱠا َم ْﻐ َزا َها َﻓه َُو ﺃَﻥﱠ اﻹِ ْن َﺳ َ‬ ‫ُطوﱢ ُﻋ َها ﻓِﻲ َمرﱠ ا ٍ‬ ‫َوي َ‬
‫)اﻹل َي َاﺫةُ( َو‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺏ اﻷ ُ ْﺧ َرﻯ‪ِ ،‬م ْن َها‪:‬‬ ‫اﻙ َم َﻼ ِﺣ ُم َﻛ ِثيْرةٌ ﻓِﻲ اﻵدَ ا ِ‬ ‫ِ‪.‬و ُه َن َ‬‫َجلِ ْي َل ٍة ﻷِ َب َنا ِء ِج ْلدَ ِتﻪ َ‬
‫ْﺳ ُة( لل ﱠﺷاﻋِ ِر ه ُْو ِم ْير ُْوﺱ‪.‬‬ ‫)اﻷ ُ ْو ِدي َ‬‫ْ‬
‫َو َل ْم َيعْ ِرﻑِ ْاﻷَدَ ﺏُ ْال َع َر ِبﻲﱡ ْال َم َﻼ ِﺣ َم ِبالمُﺳْ َتوﻯ الﱠﺫِﻱ َﻋ َر َﻓ ُﻪ ْالي ُْو َناﻥُ َوالرﱡ ْو َماﻥُ ‪،‬‬
‫ُوﻥ ْال َم َﻼ ِﺣ َم‪َ ،‬ن ِتي َْج ًة‬ ‫َو َل ِﻛﻥْ َم َﻊ ِبدَ ا َي ِة ْال َعﺻْ ِر ْال َﺣ ِد ْيﺙِ‪َ ،‬بدَ ﺃَ َبعْ ﺽُ ال ﱡﺷ َع َرا ِء َي ْﻛتب َ‬
‫اﻝ ال ﱢﺷعر ﱠي ِة ْال َع َر ِب ﱠي ِة الﱠتِﻲ ﺃ ُ ْطل َِق‬ ‫ﺕ َبعْ ﺽُ اﻷَﻋْ َم ِ‬ ‫ﺏ اﻷ ُ ْﺧ َرﻯ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ ْد َﻅ َه َر ْ‬ ‫ﺻالِه ْم ِباﻵدَ ا ِ‬ ‫ﻻ ﱢت َ‬
‫ﺕ الﱠتِﻲ َتﺻِ لُ َها َﻋ َلﻰ َنﺣْ ٍو َما ِب ْال َم َﻼﺣ ِِم‪ِ ،‬م ْن َها‪:‬‬ ‫ﺽ ال ﱢﺳ َما ِ‬ ‫َﻋ َل ْي َها ) َم َﻼﺣِم(؛ ﻷَﻥﱠ ِﻓ ْي َها َبعْ َ‬
‫ﺙ ﻓِﻲ َوادِﻱ ال ﱢني ِْﻝ(‪ ،‬ﻷَﺣْ َمدَ َﺷ ْوﻗِﻲ‪َ ،‬و)اﻹِ ْل َي َاﺫةُ اﻹِﺳْ َﻼ ِم ﱠي ُة( ﻷَﺣْ َمدَ م َُﺣرّ ٍم‬ ‫) ِﻛ َبا ُر ْال َﺣوا ِد ِ‬
‫ْﺢ( لِ َﻔ ْو ِزﻱ َمعْ لُوﻑ‪َ ،‬و) َم ْل َﺣ َم ُة‬ ‫)ﻋ َلﻰ ِب َﺳاطِ الرﱢ ي ِ‬ ‫ْق َمعْ لُوﻑٍ‪َ ،‬و َ‬ ‫)ﻋ ْب َﻘ ٍر( لِ َﺷ ِﻔي ِ‬ ‫َو َم ْل َﺣ َم ُة َ‬
‫ال ﱠن ِبﻲﱢ ( لِ ُع َم َر ﺃَبو ِري َﺷ َة‪َ ،‬و َﻏ ْي ُر َها‪.‬‬

‫‪٤٨‬‬
 ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ُ -‬ﻋ َﻤ ُﺮ ﺃَﺑُﻮ ِﺭ ْﻳﺸَﺔ‬
‫وُ لِدَ ال ﱠﺷاﻋِ ُر ُﻋ َم ُر ﺃبُو ِر ْي َﺷة َﻋا َم ‪١۹١0‬م‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ » َم ْن َب َج«‬
‫ﺏ‪ُ ،‬ث ﱠم‬ ‫والثا َن ِوﻱﱠ ﻓِﻲ َﺣ َل َ‬ ‫ِبﺳ ُْوريﱠة‪َ ،‬و َت َل ﱠﻘﻰ َتعْ لِ ْي َم ُﻪ ْاﻻ ْبتِدَ اﺋِﻲﱠ ﱠ‬
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‫ﺕ َو ْال َت َﺣ َق ِب ْال َجام َِع ِة اﻷم ِْر ْي ِﻛ ﱠيةِ‪َ ،‬و َﻅ ﱠﻝ ِب َها‬ ‫ا ْن َت َﻘ َﻝ ﺇ َلﻰ َبي ْ‬
‫ْرو َ‬
‫ْوﺱ ﻓِﻲ ْال ُعلُ ْو ِم َﻋام ‪١۹۳0‬م‪.‬‬ ‫َﺣ ﱠتﻰ ﺣاز َﺷ َهادَ َة ْال َب َﻛالُ ْو ِري ِ‬
‫ُﺱ ْال ِﻛ ْي ِم َيا َء‬
‫َبعْ دَ َت َﺧرﱡ ِج ِﻪ ﻓﻲ ْال َجام َِع ِة َﺳا َﻓ َر ﺇِ َلﻰ ﺇ ْن ِج ْل َترا؛ لِ َي ْدر َ‬
‫ﺏ ْال َع ِ‬
‫ربﻲﱢ‬ ‫اﺳ ِة ْاﻷَدَ ِ‬‫ﺻ َناﻋِ ﱠي َة؛ َلﻛِﻥﱠ َو َل َع ُﻪ ِب ْاﻷَدَ ﺏِ‪ ،‬دَ َﻓ َع ُﻪ لِد َِر َ‬ ‫ال ﱢ‬
‫اﺳ ِة ْال ِﻛ ْي ِم َيا ِء‪ُ .‬تو ﱢﻓ َﻲ ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫ﺏ ﻓِﻲ َن ْﻔﺳِ ِﻪ ِمﻥْ د َِر َ‬ ‫اﻥ ال ﱢﺷعْ ُر ﺃَ ْﻏ َل َ‬ ‫ال َﻘ ِدي ِْم؛ ْﺇﺫ ﻓُت َِﻥ ِب ْاﻷَدَ ﺏِ‪َ ،‬و َﻛ َ‬
‫ْال َم ْم َل َﻛ ِة ْال َع َر ِب ﱠي ِة ْال ﱡﺳعُو ِد ﱠي ِة َﻋا َم‪١۹۹0‬م‪.‬‬
‫اﺕ ﺫِﻱ َﻗار‪،‬‬ ‫اﻥ(‪َ ،‬و َﻋدَ ٌد م َِﻥ ْال َمﺳْ َر ِﺣيﱠاﺕِ‪ِ ،‬م ْن َها‪َ :‬را َي ُ‬ ‫َل ُﻪ ِديْواﻥُ ﺷِ عْ ٍر )ج ُْز َء ِ‬
‫ْﺦ ْال َع ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱡ‬
‫ربﻲﱢ (‪.‬‬ ‫اري ِ‬ ‫َوالط ْو َﻓاﻥُ ‪َ ،‬و َﺳ ِم ْي ُر ﺃ ِميْﺱ‪َ ،‬و ْال ُم َت َنبﱢﻲﱡ ‪َ ،‬و ِﻛ َتاﺏُ ) َم َﻼ ِﺣ ُم ْالبُط ْو َل ِة ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠت ِ‬
‫‪):‬ﻟﻠﺪرس(‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺼﻴﺪة ) ُﻣ َﺤ َّﻤﺪ( ُﻣ َﻘ َّﺪ َﻣ ُﺔ َﻣﻠ َْﺤ َﻤ ِﺔ اﻟ َّﻨ ِﺒ ِّﻲ َّ‬
‫ﺍء‬
‫ـــــﺤ َﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼ ْ‬ ‫ﺎﺟ ُﺮ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ــــــــﻨ ِ‬ ‫َﺭ ﱠﺩ َﺩ ْﺗ َ‬
‫ــــــﻬﺎ َﺣ‬ ‫ﺎء‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟـــــــﻨ ْﻌ َﻤ ِ‬ ‫ﻀـﻠﱠ ِﺔ‬ ‫ــﺨ َ‬
‫ـــــﺠ ًﻮﻯ ُﻣ ْ‬ ‫ﺃَ ﱡﻱ َﻧ ْ‬
‫ﺍء‬ ‫ﺍﻷ ْﻫ َ‬
‫ــــﻮ ِ‬ ‫َﺔ َْ‬ ‫ُﻮﺑ َ‬‫ﺿ ﱠﺠ ْﺖ َﻣ ْﺸــﺒ ْ‬ ‫ـــــﺒَﻰ َﻭ َ‬ ‫ﻀ ْﺖ َﻏ ْﻀـــــــ‬ ‫ْﺶ َﻓ ْﺎﻧ َﺘ َﻔ َ‬ ‫َﺳ ِﻤـــ َﻌ ْﺘ َﻬﺎ ُﻗ َﺮﻳ ُ‬
‫ﺍﻟــﻄــــﺮ ْﻳ َﺪ ِﺓ ﺍﻟﺒ ْ‬
‫َــﻠ َﻬ ِ‬
‫ــﺎء‬ ‫ـﻲ ﱠ‬ ‫ـــــــ َﺒ ِﺔ َﻣ ْﺸ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀ َﻼ ِﻝ ﺇﻟَـﻰ ْﺍﻟ َﻜﻌْـ‬ ‫َﻭ َﻣ َﺸ ْﺖ ِﻓـﻲ ِﺣ َﻤـﻰ ﱠ‬
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‫ْﻬ َﻤـــــﺎ ﺑـِــــﺎﻟ ﱡﺪ َﻋ ِ‬
‫ﺎء‬ ‫ﺯﻯ ﻭﻫـــ َّﺰ ْﺕ ُﺭ ْﻛ َﻨﻴ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼ ِﺕ َﻭﺍﻟﻌ ْ‬
‫ُــــــﺰ‬ ‫َﺔ َﻋﻠَﻰ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﺭ َﺗ َﻤ ْﺖ َﺧ ْﺸﻌ ً‬ ‫َﻭ ْ‬
‫ــــﺎء‬
‫ﺻ ﱠﻤ ِ‬ ‫ــــﻞ ُﺩ ْﻣﻴَــ ٍﺔ َ‬‫ـــــﻮﻯ ُﻛ ﱢ‬ ‫ِﻓـــﻲ َﻫ َ‬ ‫ْﻦ َﻧ ْ‬
‫ــﺤ ًﺮﺍ‬ ‫ــــﺤ ُﺮ ْﺍﻟ َ‬
‫ـــــــﻘ َﺮ ِﺍﺑﻴ َ‬ ‫َﻭﺑَـــ َﺪ ْﺕ َﺗ ْﻨ َ‬
‫َـــــــﺎء‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ـﻤﻴ‬‫ـــــــﺎﻫﻠِ ﱠﻴ ٍﺔ َﻋ ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِﺑ ُﺨ ًﻄــــــــــﺎ َﺟ‬ ‫َﺎﻻ‬‫ﺍﺧ ِﺘﻴ ً‬
‫ـــﺎﻝ ْ‬‫ـــﺜ َﻨ ْﺖ َﺗ ْﻀـــــﺮ ُﺏ ﺍﻟ ﱢﺮ َﻣ َ‬ ‫َﻭ ْﺍﻧ َ‬
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‫ﺍء‬ ‫ـــﻨﻰ ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨ ْﻜــ َﺮ ِ‬ ‫ِﺷ ْﺌ ِﺖ ِﻓـــﻲ َﺣ ْﻤــــﺄَ ِﺓ ْﺍﻟ ُﻤ َ‬ ‫ْﺶ َﻭ ْﺍﻧ َـﻐ ِﻤ ِﺴﻲ َﻣـــــﺎ‬ ‫َﻋ ْﺮﺑـ ِﺪﻱ ﻳَــﺎ ُﻗ َﺮﻳ ُ‬
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‫ــﻬﺎ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻫ َﻨ‬ ‫ـﺎﻏ ُﻪ ﻟَ َ‬‫ﺻ َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ــــﻦ ُﺗﺰ ْﻳﻠِﻲ َﻣــــــﺎ َﺧ ﱠﻄ ُﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻟِ َْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ــــــﺎء‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺽ َﻭ َﻣــــﺎ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ـــــﻸ ْﺭ‬ ‫ﻟ ْ ِ‬
‫ـــــﻦ َﺳﻴ َْﻨ ِ‬
‫ــــﺎء‬ ‫ــﺎﻟ َﻮ ْﺣﻲ ِﻣ ْ‬ ‫ــﺮ َﻭﻳ ُْﻠ ِﻘﻲ ﺑ ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُﻮ َﺓ ِﻓـــــﻲ ْﺍﻟ َﻘ ْﻔـــ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒ َﱠ‬ ‫ــــﺎء ﺃَ ْﻥ ﻳ ُْﻨ ِﺒ َﺖ ﱡ‬
‫َﺷ َ‬
‫ﺍء‬
‫ﺍﻹ ْﺳــــ َﺮ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ــــ ِﻪ ُﻃﻴ ْ ٌ ْ‬
‫ُـــﻮﻑ ُﻋﻠــــــﻮﻳﱠﺔ ِ‬ ‫ـــﻼ ِﻝ ﺃَ َﻣـــــــﺎﻧـِﻴـْـ‬ ‫ـــﻦ َﺟ َ‬ ‫َﻭﺑ َﺠ ْ‬
‫ـــﻔ َﻨ ْﻴ ِﻪ ِﻣ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َْ‬
‫ـــــــﺎﻷ ْﺻ َﺪ ِ‬
‫ﺍء‬ ‫ـ َﺮ ْﺃ( َﻓﻴَـ ْﺪ ِﻭﻱ ْﺍﻟ ُ‬
‫ـــﻮ ُﺟﻮ ُﺩ ِﺑ‬ ‫ْﺢ ﺑ ِﻪ‪ْ :‬‬
‫)ﺍﻗــــــ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ َﻫــــــﺎ ِﺗ ٌ‬ ‫َﻭ َ‬
‫َﺼـــــﻴ ُ ِ‬ ‫ﻒﻳ ِ‬
‫ََ‬ ‫ﱢﻣ ﱡ ُ‬ ‫ــﻚ ﺍﻟـــــــﺄُ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ِﻓــــﻲ ُﺧﺸـــــُ ْﻮ ِﻋ ِﻪ َﺫﻟِ َ‬ ‫َﻭ َ‬
‫ـــــــــﺎء‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ْﺤ‬ ‫ــــﻲ َﻳ ْﺘﻠــﻮ ِﺭ َﺳـــــﺎﻟﺔ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻳ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َــــــﺎء‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ـــــــــﺴ ﱠﻴ ِﺪ َ‬
‫ﺍﻷ ْﻧ ِﺒﻴ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َﺗ َﺘ َﻐ ﱠﻨـــــــــــﻰ ِﺑ‬ ‫ــــــﺎء ِﺷ َﻔــــــــﺎ ٌﻩ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴ َﻤ‬
‫ﺽ َﻭ ﱠ‬ ‫َﻭﺇ َﺫﺍ َْ‬
‫ﺍﻷ ْﺭ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫‪٤٩‬‬
 ‫َﻣ َﻌﺎﻧِﻲ ﺍ ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻔﺮ َﺩﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺕ‬

‫اﺧ ِت َي ًاﻻ‪ِ :‬ﻛبْرً ا‪َ ،‬و َت َبا ِهيًا َﻋرْ ِبدِﻱ‪ :‬ابﻘﻲ ﻋلﻰ ما ﺃنﺕ ﻋليﻪ‬
‫ﺕ‪ْ .‬‬ ‫اجﺕ و َث َ‬
‫ار ْ‬ ‫ﺕ‪َ :‬ه َ‬ ‫ا ْن َت َﻔ َ‬
‫ﺿ ْ‬
‫مﻥ ﺳُو ِء ال ُﺧلُ ِق‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﱠ ْﺤﻠِ ْﻴ ُﻞ‬

‫ار‬ ‫ْطر ِة اﻻﺳْ تعْ َم ِ‬ ‫ﺕ َﺳي َ‬ ‫ﺕ ِبﻼ ُدﻩُ َتﺣْ َ‬ ‫َنﻅ َم ال ﱠﺷاﻋِ ُر َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال َم ْل َﺣ َم َة َﻋا َم ‪١۹4١‬م‪ِ ،‬ﺣيْن َما َﻛا َن ْ‬
‫ﺏ ﺣُرﱢ ي َت ُﻪ‬ ‫الﻅال ِِم الﱠﺫِﻱ َﺳ َل َ‬ ‫عب ِﻪ م َِﻥ المُﺳْ َتعْ مِر ﱠ‬ ‫ﺹ لِ َﺷ ِ‬ ‫ال َﻔ َر ْنﺳِ ﻲﱢ ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َر َﺳ َم ِﻓ ْي َها َط ِري َْق ْال َﺧ َﻼ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫)ﺻلﱠﻰ‬ ‫ﷲ م َُﺣمﱠداً َ‬ ‫الﺣ َﺳن َة‪َ ،‬رﺳ ُْو َﻝ ِ‬ ‫ﺿﻪُ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َما َﻋ َلﻰ َه َﺫا ال ﱠﺷعْ ﺏِ‪ ،‬ﱠﺇﻻ ﺃﻥْ َي ﱠت ِب َﻊ اﻷُﺳْ و َة َ‬ ‫ﺱ ﺃَرْ َ‬ ‫ودَ ﱠن َ‬
‫ﷲُ َﻋ َل ْي ِﻪ َوﺁلِ ِﻪ َو َﺳلﱠ َم( ﻓِﻲ م َُجا َب َه ِة ﱡ‬
‫الﻅ ْل ِم‪.‬‬
‫لﺣ َم ِة ال ﱠنبﻲﱢ (‪ ،‬الﱠتِﻲ ا ْن َﺷ َﻐ َﻝ‬ ‫مة لـ ) َم َ‬ ‫َﻗﺻِ يْدةُ )م َُﺣ ﱠمدٍ( َم ْل َﺣ َم ٌة ﺷِ عْ ري ٌﱠة‪َ ،‬و َﺳ َم َها ال ﱠﺷاﻋِ ُر بﺄ ﱠن َها ُم َﻘدَ ٌ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ُطولية‪ُ ،‬تﺻوﱢ ُر َم َﺣ ﱠطا ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ِﻲ ِﻗﺻ ٌﱠة ﺷِ عْ ري ٌﱠة ب‬ ‫ِب َها ﻓِﻲ َﺃواﺧ ِِر َﺣ َياتِﻪ‪َ ،‬ول ْم ُت ْن َﺷرْ َﺣ ﱠتﻰ َو َﻓا ِتﻪِ‪ ،‬وه َ‬
‫)ﺻلﱠﻰ ﷲُ َﻋ َل ْي ِﻪ َوﺁلِ ِﻪ َو َﺳلﱠ َم( ُم ْن ُﺫ ِو َﻻدَ ِت ِﻪ َﺣ ﱠتﻰ َلﺣْ َﻅ ِة َو َﻓا ِتﻪِ‪.‬ﺇﻥﱠ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال َم ْل َﺣ َم َة‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َﺣ َيا ِة ال ﱠن ِبﻲﱢ‬
‫لﺣ َم ٍة ِﻗﺻ ٌﱠة‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﺻِ ﻲﱟ ‪ ،‬وﻛ ﱡﻝ َم َ‬ ‫اﻝ َﻗ َ‬ ‫جﺕ َﻋ َلﻰ ِم ْن َو ٍ‬ ‫ِﻗﺻ ٌﱢة ﺷِ عْ ري ٌﱠة؛ ﻷ ﱠن َها ُنﺳِ ْ‬
‫ﺻاﺋِﺹُ ﺷِ عْ ِر ﺃَ ِبﻲ ِر ْي َﺷ َة؛ َﻓه َُو َﺷاﻋِ ٌر َل ُﻪ ﺃُﺳْ لُ ْو ُب ُﻪ ْال ُم َم ﱠي ُز‬ ‫َت َتﺿِ ُﺢ ﻓِﻲ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال َﻘﺻِ يْدَ ِة َﺧ َ‬
‫ُوﻋ ًة م َِﻥ الﺻ َﱡو ِر َو ْاﻷَ ْﺧ ِي َل ِة ﻓِﻲ َﻗﺻِ يْدَ ِتﻪِ‪َ ،‬و َﻏي ِْر َها؛ َﻓﺿْ ًﻼ َﻋﻥْ‬ ‫ﺷ ُد َمجْ م َ‬ ‫َوال ُم َت َﻔرﱢ ُد‪ ،‬ﺇِ ْﺫ ﺇ ﱠن ُﻪ َيﺣْ ُ‬
‫ِﻅ ِب َت َما ُﺳ ِﻛ َها َو َﻓ َﺧا َم ِت َها‪ .‬وﺇﻥﱠ‬ ‫اطةِ‪َ ،‬ل ِﻛ ﱠن َها َتﺣْ َتﻔ ُ‬ ‫لُ َﻐ ِت ِﻪ ال ﱢﺷعْ ِر ﱠي ِة الﱠتِﻲ َت ِم ْي ُﻝ ﺇ َلﻰ ال ﱡﺳه َُو َل ِة َو ْال َب َﺳ َ‬
‫ِﺹ ْال َم ْل َﺣ َم ِة ْال َﻘ ِد ْي َم ِة َﻻ َت ْن َط ِب ُق َت َمامًا َﻋ َلﻰ ْال َم ْل َﺣ َم ِة ْال َﺣ ِد ْي َثةِ؛ ِﻷَﻥﱠ‬
‫ﺧﺻاﺋ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫م َِﻥ الم ُِه ﱢم ْال َﻘو َﻝ‪ :‬ﺇِﻥﱠ‬
‫ﺕ ِبﺻِ َلةٍ؛ ﺇِﺫ‬ ‫وال ُﺧ َرا َﻓ ِة َو ْال َﺣ َﻛا َيا ِ‬‫اﻝ ْ‬ ‫مﺕ ل ِْل َﺧ َي ِ‬‫تار ْي ِﺧي ًﱠة‪َ ،‬ﻻ َت ﱡ‬ ‫ﺕ ِ‬ ‫ﺿوﻋا ٍ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ال ﱠﺷاﻋِ َر َت َ‬
‫ناو َﻝ ِﻓ ْي َها َم ْو‬
‫اﻝ‪َ ،‬موﺿُوﻋًا َل َها‪.‬‬ ‫ار الرﱢ َج ِ‬ ‫ُﻅ َما ِء و ِﻛ َب ِ‬ ‫ﺕ َﺣ َياةُ ْالع َ‬ ‫َﻛا َن ْ‬

‫ﺃَ ْ‬
‫ﺳﺌِﻠَﺔُ ﺍ ْﻟ ُﻤﻨَﺎﻗَ َ‬
‫ﺸ ِﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪َ -١‬ما ال َم ْل َﺣم ُة؟ و َم َاﺫا َترْ ِوﻱ؟ َو َما ﺃَ َه ﱡم ﺳِ َما ِت َها؟‬
‫‪َ -2‬ﻋلﱢ ْﻝ َما َيﺄتِﻲ‪ :‬ﺃ‪-‬ﺧﺻاﺋﺹ الملﺣمة الﻘديمة ﻻ تنطبق تماما ً ﻋلﻰ الملﺣمة‬
‫اﻝ ال ﱢﺷعْ ِر ﱠي ِة ْال َم ْل َﺣ ِم ﱠي ِة ﻓِﻲ اﻷَدَ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ْال َع َر ِبﻲﱢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺽ اﻷَﻋْ َم ِ‬ ‫ﻅه ُْو ُر َبعْ ِ‬‫الﺣديثة‪ .‬ﺏ‪ُ -‬‬
‫‪ -۳‬ما ﺧﺻاﺋﺹ ﺷعر ﻋمر ﺃبﻲ ريﺷة؟‬

‫‪٥٠‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟِ َﺜ َﺔ َﻋ ْﺸ َ‬
‫ﺮﺓ‬ ‫ْﺍﻟ َﻮ ْﺣ َﺪ ُﺓ ﱠ‬
‫ﺎﻥ َﻭ ْﺍﻟ َﻜ ْﻮ ُﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧ َﺴ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ْ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﱠ ْﻤ ِﻬ ْﻴ ُﺪ‬

‫ﺕ‬ ‫ازا ٍ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺇ ْن َج َ‬ ‫ارةُ ْال َع َر ِب ﱠي ُة ْاﻹﺳْ َﻼ ِم ﱠي ُة ْال ُعلُو َم ْال َﻔ َل ِﻛ ﱠي َة ﻋِ َنا َي ًة َﻛ ِبي َْر ًة‪َ ،‬و َﻗ ﱠد َم ْ‬
‫ﺿ َ‬‫الﺣ َ‬
‫ﺕ َ‬ ‫ﺃَ ْو َل ِ‬
‫وم ْال َﻔ َل ِﻛ ﱠيةِ‪َ ،‬ﻋ َلﻰ الرﱠ ْﻏ ِم ِمﻥْ م َُﺣ َاو َﻻ ِ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ ً‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﻋِ ل ِميﱠة ﻓِﻲ َمرْ َﺣ َل ٍة ِمﻥْ َم َراﺣ ِِﻝ َتطوﱡ ِر ال ُعل ِ‬
‫وم ِب َﺷ ْﻛ ٍﻝ‬ ‫ﺕ الﱠتِﻲ َﻗ ﱠد َم َها ْال َع َرﺏُ َو ْالمُﺳْ لِم َ ْ ُ‬ ‫مْﺱ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْاﻹِ ْن َج َ‬ ‫َبعْ ﺿِ ِه ْم ِمﻥْ َط ِ‬
‫ُوﻥ لِل ُعل ِ‬ ‫ازا ِ‬
‫َﻋا ﱟم‪َ ،‬ﻓ ْاﻹﺳْ َﻼ ُم َﺣرﱠ َر ْال َع ْﻘ َﻝ‪َ ،‬وﺃَ ْط َل َق ْال ِﻔ ْﻛ َر ِمﻥْ ﺃَﺳْ ِرﻩِ؛ ﺇِ ْﺫ َن َز َﻝ ْالﻘُرْ ﺁﻥُ ْال َﻛ ِر ْي ُم دَ اﻋِ يًا‬
‫اﻝ ْال َع ْﻘ ِﻝ ﻓِﻲ َم َﻅاه ِِر ْال َﻛ ْو ِﻥ؛ لِ َيﺳْ َت ِد ﱠﻝ ِب َها ْاﻹِ ْن َﺳاﻥُ َﻋ َلﻰ َﻋ َﻅ َم ِة ْال َﺧال ِِق ُﺳب َْﺣا َن ُﻪ‬ ‫ﺇِ َلﻰ ﺇِﻋْ َم ِ‬
‫َو َت َعا َلﻰ‪.‬‬

‫ﻀ ﱠﻤﻨَﺔُ‬
‫ﺍ ْﻟ َﻤﻔَﺎ ِﻫ ْﻴ ُﻢ ﺍ ْﻟ ُﻤﺘَ َ‬

‫َم َﻔا ِه ْي ُم ﺃَدَ ِبي ٌﱠة‪.‬‬

‫َم َﻔا ِه ْي ُم ﻋِ ْل ِمي ٌﱠة‪.‬‬
‫َم َﻔا ِه ْي ُم لُ َﻐ ِوي ٌﱠة‪.‬‬
‫َم َﻔا ِه ْي ُم ِد ْي ِني ٌﱠة‪.‬‬

‫َﻣﺎ ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ﱢ‬
‫ﺺ‬

‫‪َ -‬ما الﱠﺫِﻱ َت َت َو ﱠﻗ ُﻊ ﺃ ﱠن َﻙ َﺳ َت ْد ِرﺳُﻪ ﻓِﻲ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ َ‬

‫الوﺣْ دَ ةِ؟‬
‫‪َ -‬ه ْﻝ َت َرﻯ ﺃﻥﱠ ﻋِ ْل َم ْال َﻔ َلﻙِ ي َُﺅ ﱢث ُر ﻓِﻲ َﺣ َيا ِت َنا؟‬

‫‪٥١‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺪ ْر ُس ْاﻷ َّو ُل‪ :‬ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻄﺎ َﻟ َﻌ ُﺔ‬
‫َّ‬

‫ْﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻔﻠ ِ‬
‫َﻚ‬ ‫ﺎة ْاﻹ ْﻧ َﺴﺎ ِﻧ َّﻴ ُﺔ َو َﻋ َﻼ َﻗ ُﺘ َﻬﺎ ِﺑ ِﻌﻠ ِ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﺤ َﻴ ُ‬
‫ﺏ َو ِب َتﺄْ ِثي َْرا ِت َها ﻓِﻲ مُﺳْ َت ْﻘ َب ِﻝ َﺣ َيا ِت ِﻪ‬ ‫اﻥ ْاﻹ ْن َﺳاﻥُ ي ُْﺅمِﻥُ ِبال ﱡنج ُْو ِم َو ْال َﻛ َوا ِﻛ ِ‬ ‫ُم ْن ُﺫ ْالﻘِدَ ِم َﻛ َ‬
‫اﻥ؛ ﺇِ ْﺫ ي ُْﺧ ِب ُر َنا ﻋِ ْل ُم ْال ِﻔي ِْز َيا ِء‪ :‬ﺃَﻥﱠ ْال َعا ِم َﻝ الﱠﺫِﻱ‬ ‫ُﻛلﱢ َها؛ ﻓدَ َﺧ َل ْ ْ‬
‫ﺕ َتﺄ ِثي َْرا ُتها ﻓِﻲ َﺣ َيا ِة ْاﻹِ ْن َﺳ ِ‬
‫اﻙ َﻗ َوا ِنيْﻥُ ﻓِﻲ ْال َجاﺫ ِِب ﱠي ِة‬ ‫ﱠار ِة ه َُو ْال َجاﺫ ِِب ﱠي ُة‪َ ،‬و ُه َن َ‬ ‫ﺏ ال ﱠﺳي َ‬ ‫ي َُﺳ ْيطِ ُر َﻋ َلﻰ َﺣ َر َﻛ ِة َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال َﻛ َوا ِﻛ ِ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ْطا ِ‬ ‫ُت َﻔ ﱢﺳ ُر َل َنا‪َ ،‬م َث ًﻼ‪ ،‬لِ َم َاﺫا َﻻ َتﺻْ َط ِد ُم ْاﻷَرْ ﺽُ ِب ْال َﻘ َم ِر‪َ ،‬ولِ َم َاﺫا َﻻ َت ْن َﺳﻛِﺏُ ِم َياﻩُ ْال ُم ِﺣي َ‬
‫اري ِْه َما‬ ‫ُطار ُد ﻓِﻲ َمدَ َ‬ ‫ﺿا ِء‪َ ،‬ولماﺫا ْاﻷَرْ ﺽُ َت ُد ْورُ‪َ ،‬ولِ َم َاﺫا َي ْب َﻘﻰ ْال ُم ْﺷ َت ِرﻱ ﺃَ ْو ﻋ َ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ ْال َﻔ َ‬
‫ﺁﺧ َر‬ ‫ﺏ َ‬ ‫ْﺱ‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْو ِب َﻛ ْو َﻛ ٍ‬ ‫اﻥ ِب َبعْ ﺿِ ِه َما‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْو ِبال ﱠﺷم ِ‬ ‫ُوﻋ ِة ال ﱠﺷمْ ﺳِ ﱠيةِ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ َيﺻْ َط ِد َم ِ‬ ‫م َِﻥ ْال َمجْ م َ‬
‫ﻅو َم ِت َنا ال ﱠﺷ ْمﺳِ ﱠيةِ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ َم ْن ُ‬
‫ﺕ‬‫ِمﻥْ ُه َنا‪َ ،‬ﻓ ْاﻹِ ْن َﺳاﻥُ َﻻ ُب ﱠد ِمﻥْ ﺃَ ﱠن ُﻪ َي َﻘ ُﻊ َتﺣْ َ‬
‫ﻓِﻲ ﺃ ْﺛﻨَﺎ ِء ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ﱢ‬
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‫ﺂﺧر‪.‬‬ ‫َتﺄْ ِثي ِْر َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال َجاﺫ ِِب ﱠي ِة ِب َﺷ ْﻛ ٍﻝ ﺃَ ْو ِب َ‬
‫»و َه ِﺫ ِﻩ‬ ‫ﺕ َﻗ ْو َلﻪُ‪َ :‬‬ ‫َه ْﻝ َﻻ َﺣ ْﻅ َ‬ ‫َنﺣْ ﻥُ ج ُْز ٌء ِمﻥْ َﻋا َل ٍم ُم َت َﺣرﱢ ﻙٍ ُم َت َﻛام ٍِﻝ؛ ل َِﺫا‬
‫ﻙ‬ ‫َنﺣْ ﻥُ ُم َت ﱢﺄثر ُْو َﻥ َﺳ ْلبًا ﺃَ ْو ﺇي َْجابًا ِب َما َي ُدو ُر َﺣ ْو َل َنا‪ْ .‬ال َما ِﻛ َن ُة ْال َﻛ ْو ِن ﱠي ُة الﺿ ْﱠﺧ َم ُة َت َت َﺣرﱠ ُ‬
‫ﻙ ﺃَجْ َزاﺅُ َها ﺃَجْ َزاﺅُ َها َو َتعْ َم ُﻝ َﻋ َلﻰ َو ْﻓ ِق‬ ‫َو َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال َما ِﻛ َن ُة ْال َﻛ ْو ِن ﱠي ُة الﺿ ْﱠﺧ َم ُة َت َت َﺣرﱠ ُ‬
‫َو َتعْ َم ُﻝ َﻋ َلﻰ َو ْﻓ ِق َﻗ َوا ِني َْﻥ ُم َت َناﺳِ َﻘةٍ؛ َو ِﻷَ ﱠن َنا ج ُْز ٌء َﻗ َوا ِني َْﻥ ُم َت َناﺳِ َﻘةٍ«‪َ ،‬م َاﺫا َتعْ ِرﻑُ‬
‫ﺙ‬ ‫ْﻥ؟ ا ﱠتﺳِ ِﻊ ِب ْال َﺣ ِد ْي ِ‬ ‫ﺏ َﻋﻥْ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال َﻘ َوا ِني ِ‬ ‫ﻙ َﻋ َلﻰ َو ْﻓ ِق َﻗ َوا ِن ْي ِن َها‪َ ،‬و ِب َﺣ َﺳ ِ‬ ‫ِم ْن َها َﻓ َنﺣْ ﻥُ َن َت َﺣرﱠ ُ‬
‫َﻋ ْن َها َم َﻊ ُز َم َﻼﺋِﻙِ ‪َ ،‬ومُدَ رﱢ ﺳِ َﻙ‬ ‫ط َها‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷر ُْو ُ‬ ‫ﺿ ُﻪ َﻋ َل ْي َنا ُ‬ ‫َما َت ْﻔ ِر ُ‬
‫الﻅ َواهِر ْالع ِْل ِم ﱠيةِ‪ ،‬مُﺳْ َت ِع ْي ًنا ِب َمادَ ِة ْال ِﻔيْز َيا ِء‪.‬‬ ‫ار ْاﻹ ْن َﺳاﻥُ ﻓِﻲ ﺃَمْر ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َل َﻘ ْد َﺣ َ ِ‬
‫ُور ْالم َُﺫ ﱠن َباﺕِ‪َ ،‬و ْال ُﻛﺳُوﻑِ َو ْال ُﺧﺳُوﻑِ ‪َ ،‬و ْال َم ﱢد َو ْال َج ْز ِر‪...‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﺱ ﻗُ َز ٍﺡ‪َ ،‬وﻅه ِ‬ ‫ُور َﻗ ْو ِ‬ ‫مِثﻝُ‪ :‬ﻅه ِ‬
‫ﺽ‪َ ،‬ويُعْ َرﻑُ َه َﺫا‬ ‫ﺙ َﻋ َلﻰ ْاﻷرْ ِ‬ ‫الﻅ َواه ِِر ْالع ُْل ِو ﱠي ِة َو َما َيﺣْ ُد ُ‬ ‫َو َﻏيْر َها‪َ .‬و َﻗ ْد ر ُِب َط َبي َْﻥ ت ِْل َﻙ ﱠ‬
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‫او ﱠيةِ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ ﺳِ ﱠي َما‬ ‫الﻅ َواه ِِر ال ﱠﺳ َم ِ‬ ‫ِبـ »ﻋِ ْلم َمعْ ر َﻓ ِة ْاﻹﺣْ َﻛام«‪َ ،‬وه َُو َيعْ َت ِم ُد َﻋ َلﻰ َرﺻْ ِد ﱠ‬
‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِﺏ َوالمُﺫن َباﺕِ‪.‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ال ﱡنج ُْو َم َوال َﻛ َواﻛ َ‬
‫ﺕ ْالع ِْل ِم ﱠي ِة ْال ُم َت َواﻓ َِر ِة‬ ‫ﺙ ْال َمعْ لُ ْو َما ِ‬ ‫ﺿ ْو ِء ﺃَﺣْ دَ ِ‬ ‫ْﺙ ﻓِﻲ َ‬ ‫ترﻯ َم َاﺫا َيﻘُ ْو ُﻝ ﻋِ ْل ُم ْال َﻔ َلﻙِ ْال َﺣ ِدي ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اوﻱﱟ ﺇ َل ْي َنا‪َ ،‬وه َُو َت ِاب ٌﻊ ِمﻥْ َت َو ِاب ِﻊ‬ ‫ﺏ ِجرْ ٍم َﺳ َم ِ‬ ‫نتﺣدﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺃَ ْﻗ َر ِ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺄثيراﺕِ؟ دَ ﻋ ُْو َنا‬ ‫ِلﻙ ال ﱠت َ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ت َ‬
‫ﺻةٍ؟‬ ‫اﻥ ِب َﺧا ﱠ‬ ‫ﺽ‪َ ،‬وه َُو ْال َﻘ َمرُ‪َ .‬ه ْﻝ ي َُﺅ ﱢث ُر ْال َﻘ َم ُر ﻓِﻲ ْال َﺣ َيا ِة ِب َعا ﱠمةٍ‪َ ،‬وﻓِﻲ َﺣ َيا ِة ْاﻹ ْن َﺳ ِ‬ ‫ْاﻷَرْ ِ‬

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‫ْطا‪:‬‬ ‫ﺕ ْال َﻛ ْو ِن ﱠي ِة َو َﻏيْر َها‪َ ،‬نﺳْ ﺄ َ ُﻝ ﺳ َُﺅ ًاﻻ بَﺳِ ي ً‬ ‫اﻋا ِ‬ ‫َﻗ ْب َﻝ ﺃَﻥْ َنﺳْ َت ِعي َْﻥ ِب ُعلُ ْوم ِْال َﻔ َلﻙِ َواﻹ ْﺷ َع َ‬
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‫ﺃي َُﺅ ﱢث ُر ْال َﻘ َم ُر ﻓِﻲ َﻋ َملِ ﱠي ِة ْال َم ﱢد َو ْال َج ْز ِر ﺃَم َﻻ؟‬
‫ْﻥ‬‫ارﻩِ‪ ،‬ﻓِﻲ ِﺣي ِ‬ ‫ﺷ ﱡدﻩُ ﺇ َلﻰ َمدَ ِ‬ ‫ﺽ ‪َ -‬ﻛ َما ي َُﺅ ﱢﻛ ُد ْال َعالِ ُم ِني ُْوتِﻥُ ‪َ -‬تجْ ﺫِﺏُ ْال َﻘ َم َر َو َت ُ‬ ‫ﺇِﻥﱠ اﻷَرْ َ‬
‫ْﺱ‬ ‫ْﺵ َﻋ َل ْي َها‪َ ،‬و َلي َ‬ ‫ﺽ َوي َُﺅ ﱢث ُر ِمﻥْ َجرﱠ ا ِء َﺫل َِﻙ ﻓِﻲ ْال َعي ِ‬ ‫اﻥ ْاﻷَرْ ِ‬ ‫ِﻅ ْال َﻘ َم ُر َﻋ َلﻰ َم َﻛ ِ‬ ‫ي َُﺣاﻓ ُ‬
‫ط ِمﻥْ َﻋ َملِ َي ِة ْال َم ﱢد َو ْال َج ْز ِر ِم َث ًاﻻ َﻋ َلﻰ َه َﺫا ال ﱠتﺄْ ِثيْر؛ ﺇِ ْﺫ َت ْﻅ َه ُر ﺃَ َه ﱢم ﱠي ُة ْال َﻘم ِْر ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫ْﺳ ُ‬ ‫ﺃب َ‬
‫ﺙ َﻅاه َِر َتﻲ ْال َم ﱢد َو ْال َج ْز ِر؛ َﻓ َتﺳْ َت ِجيْﺏُ َﻗ ْط َرةُ َما ٍء ﻓِﻲ ْال ُم ِﺣ ْيطِ لِ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْالﻘُوﱠ ةِ‪َ ،‬و ُﻛ ﱡﻝ‬ ‫ُﺣ ُدو ِ‬
‫ﻙ ﻓﻲ َﺣ َيا ِة‬ ‫اﻉ‪َ ،‬ﻓي َُﺅ ﱢث ُر َه َﺫا ال ﱡﺷعُو ُر َو ْاﻹِ ْد َرا ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫ﺕ َبﺣْ ِرﻱﱟ َي ْﺷ ُع ُر ِب َهﺫا اﻹِ ْي َﻘ ِ‬ ‫َﻛاﺋ ٍِﻥ ﺃَ ْو َن َبا ٍ‬
‫ﺊ ْال َبﺣْ ِر‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻ ٍة ﻓﻲ ت ِْل َﻙ الﱠتِﻲ َت ِعيْﺵُ َﻋ َلﻰ َﺷاطِ ِ‬ ‫ْال َﻛا ِﺋ َناﺕِ‪َ ،‬و ِبﺻِ َﻔ ٍة َﺧا ﱠ‬
‫اﻉ ْال َﻘ َم ِر َو َجاﺫ ِِب ﱠي ِتﻪِ‪َ ،‬و َﻗ ْد َب ﱠي َن ِ‬ ‫َﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫اﺕ‬ ‫اﺳ ُ‬ ‫ﺕ ال ﱢد َر َ‬ ‫ﺃمﱠا اﻹِ ْن َﺳاﻥُ َﻓه َُو اﻵ َﺧ ُر َت َتﺄث ُر َﺣ َيا ُت ُﻪ ِبﺈ ْي َﻘ ِ‬
‫اطا َو ِث ْي ًﻘا َبي َْﻥ ْال َﻘ َم ِر َو ْال ِو َﻻدَ ةِ؛ َو َبي َْﻥ ْال ِو َﻻدَ ِة َو َﻅاه َِر ِة ْال َم ﱢد‬ ‫اﻙ ارْ ِت َب ً‬ ‫ْالع ِْل ِم ﱠي ُة ﺃَﻥﱠ ُه َن َ‬
‫‪-‬ﻋادَ ًة‪-‬‬ ‫ﺕ الﱠتِﻲ َت ِعيْﺵُ َﻋ َلﻰ َﺳ َواﺣ ِِﻝ ْال َبﺣْ ِر َترْ َت ِﻔ ُﻊ ِنﺳْ َب ُة ْال َم َوالِ ْي ِد َ‬ ‫َو ْال َج ْز ِر‪َ ،‬ﻓﻔِﻲ ْالمُجْ َت َم َعا ِ‬
‫ْق َبي َْﻥ ْال َﻘ َم ِر َوال ﱠن ْزﻑِ ال ﱠد َم ِوﻱﱢ ِب َﺷ ْﻛ ٍﻝ َﻋا ﱟم‪.‬‬ ‫اط َو ِثي ٌ‬ ‫اﻙ ارْ ِت َب ٌ‬ ‫َم َﻊ ْال َم ﱢد ْال َعالِﻲ‪َ .‬ﻛ َﺫل َِﻙ ُه َن َ‬
‫ﺕ ْال َﺣ ﱠي َة‪َ ،‬و ِم ْن َها ْاﻹ ْن َﺳاﻥُ ‪َ ،‬ت َتﺄ َ ﱠث ُر‬ ‫اﻝ ‪ْ -‬ال َم ﱢد َو ْال َج ْز ِر‪َ -‬ﻓﺈِﻥﱠ ْال َﻛا ِﺋ َنا ِ‬ ‫ِب َنا ًء َﻋ َلﻰ َه َﺫا ْال ِم َث ِ‬
‫او ﱠي ِة ْال َﻘ ِر ْي َبة ِم ْن َها َو ْال َب ِعيْدَ ة َتﺄ َ ﱡثرً ا َﻏي َْر َﻗلِي ٍْﻝ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ْال َﻘ َم ُر ال ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺻ ِﻐ ْي ُر َﺣجْ ُمﻪُ‪،‬‬ ‫ِب ْاﻷجْ َر ِام ال ﱠﺳ َم ِ‬
‫َوال ﱠﺷمْﺱُ ْال َﻛ ِب ْي ُر َﺣجْ ُم َها ﻛ َِﻼ ُه َما َل ُﻪ َتﺄْ ِث ْي ُرﻩُ ِﻓ ْي َها‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ُم َبا َﺷ َر ًة‬ ‫اﻙ َتﺄْ ِثي َْرا ٍ‬ ‫ﺕ ْال َﻛ ْو ِن ﱠي َة َﻻ َت َت َو ﱠﻗﻑُ ﻋِ ْندَ َه َﺫا ْال َﺣ ﱢد؛ َب ْﻝ ﺇِﻥﱠ ُه َن َ‬ ‫ﺇِﻥﱠ ال ﱠتﺄْ ِثي َْرا ِ‬
‫ﺕ ْال ِب ْي َﺋ ِة‬‫ﺱ‪َ ،‬و َت َﻐي َﱡرا ِ‬ ‫ﺕ ْالﻐ َِﻼﻑِ ْال َجوﻱﱢ ‪َ ،‬و ﱠ‬
‫الط ْﻘ ِ‬ ‫اﻥ َن ِتي َْج ًة لِ َت َﻐي َﱡرا ِ‬ ‫َواﺿِ َﺣ ًة ﻓﻲ ْاﻹ ْن َﺳ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ْاﻻجْ ِتمَاﻋِ ﱠي ِة َﺣ ﱠتﻰ ال ﱢﺳيَاﺳِ ﱠيةِ‪َ ،‬و َي ْب َﻘﻰ ْال َﻘ ْو ُﻝ ِﻓ ْي َها َمرْ هُو ًنا‬ ‫اﻥ‪َ ،‬وال ﱠت ْﻐي َﱡرا ِ‬ ‫ْط ِة ِب ْاﻹِ ْن َﺳ ِ‬ ‫ْال ُم ِﺣي َ‬
‫ﺕ ْال ُم ْﻘ ِب َل ِة ل ِْلع ِْل ِم‪.‬‬
‫ِبال ﱠت َطوﱡ َرا ِ‬

‫َﻣﺎﺑَ ْﻌ َﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ﱢ‬
‫ﺺ‬

‫ﺕ ﺃَ ْو َﺣ َر َﻛا ٍ‬
‫ﺕ ِبا ْنت َِﻅ ٍام َو َت َوا ُز ٍﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ْاﻹِ ْي َﻘاﻉُ‪َ :‬ت َتا ُب ُﻊ ﺃَﺻْ َوا ٍ‬
‫َمرْ هُو ًنا‪ :‬مُرْ َت ِب ًطا‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ْاﻵ ِت َيةِ‪:‬‬‫اﺳْ َتعْ ِم ْﻝ مُعْ َج َم َﻙ لِ َمعْ ِر َﻓ ِة َم َع ِانِﻲ ْال ُم ْﻔ َردَ ا ِ‬
‫ال ﱡﺷعُورُ‪َ ،‬ﻋادَ ًة ‪.‬‬

‫‪٥٣‬‬
 ‫ﻧَﺸَﺎﻁٌ‬
‫اﺳْ َت ِعﻥْ ِب َم ْﻛ َت َب ِة ْال َم ْد َر َﺳ ِة ﺃَ ْو َﺷ َب َﻛ ِة ْال َمعْ لُ ْو َما ِ‬
‫ﺕ ال ﱠد ْولِ ﱠي ِة لِ َمعْ ِر َﻓ ِة َمعْ َنﻰ ُﻛ ﱟﻝ ِمﻥْ ‪) :‬جُرْ م‪،‬‬
‫َو ِجرم(‪ُ ،‬ث ﱠم ِز ْن ُه َما‪.‬‬

‫ﺏ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧَﺸَﺎﻁُ ﺍ ْﻟﻔَ ْﻬ ِﻢ َﻭ ِﺍﻻ ْ‬

‫ﺳﺘِ ْﻴ َﻌﺎ ِ‬
‫عل ِم ْال َﻔ َلﻙِ ؟ ِو َﻛي َ‬
‫ْﻑ ُتدَ لﱢ ُﻝ َﻋ َلﻰ وُ جُو ِد‬ ‫ِﻙ لِل ﱠنﺹﱢ ‪ ،‬لِ َم َاﺫا ُﻋن َِﻲ اﻹنﺳاﻥُ ِب ْ‬ ‫ﺿ ْو ِء ﻗ َِرا َءت َ‬‫ﻓِﻲ َ‬
‫وال َﺣ َيا ِة ْاﻹ ْن َﺳا ِن ﱠيةِ؟‬
‫َﻋ َﻼ َﻗ ٍة َبي َْﻥ ﻋِ ْلم ْال َﻔ َلﻙِ ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫ِ‬

‫اﻟﺪ ْر ُس اﻟ َّﺜﺎﻧِﻲ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﻘ َﻮ ِ‬

‫اﻋ ُﺪ‬ ‫َّ‬

‫اﻟ َّﻨ ْﻌ ُﺖ‬

‫ﻋ ُْد ﺇ َلﻰ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ َوا ْﻗ َرﺃ ْال ُج َم َﻝ ْاﻵ ِت َي َة‪:‬‬
‫‪َ ) -‬نﺣْ ﻥُ ج ُْز ٌء ِمﻥْ َﻋا َل ٍم ُم َت َﺣرﱢ ﻙٍ ُم َت َﻛام ٍِﻝ(‪.‬‬
‫‪َ ) -‬ه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال َما ِﻛ َن ُة ْال َﻛ ْو ِن ﱠي ُة الﺿ ْﱠﺧ َم ُة(‪.‬‬
‫ْﺙ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪ُ ) -‬ت َرﻯ َم َاﺫا َيﻘُ ْو ُﻝ ﻋِ ْل ُم ْال َﻔ َلﻙِ ْال َﺣ ِدي ُ‬
‫ﺻ ِﻐ ْي ُر َﺣجْ ُمﻪُ‪َ ،‬وال ﱠﺷمْﺱُ ْال َﻛ ِب ْي ُر َﺣجْ ُم َها(‪.‬‬ ‫‪ْ ) -‬ال َﻘ َم ُر ال ﱠ‬
‫)ﻋا َلم(؛ َﻓ َب ﱠي َن َتا ﺃَﻥﱠ َه َﺫا‬
‫ﺻ َﻔ َتا َﻛلِ َم َة َ‬
‫ْﻥ ) ُم َت َﺣرﱢ ﻙٍ (‪ ،‬و) ُم َت َﻛام ٍِﻝ( َو َ‬ ‫َت ِج ْد ﺃَﻥﱠ ْال َﻛلِ َم َتي ِ‬
‫ْﺱ َﺳا ِﻛ ًنا‪َ ،‬وه َُو ﺃَ ْيﺿًا ُم َت َﻛا ِم ٌﻝ‬ ‫ﻙ َو َلي َ‬ ‫ْال َعا َل َم ُم َت َﺣرﱢ ٌ‬
‫ﺕ‬‫ﺻ َﻔ ْ‬ ‫ْﺱ َنا ِﻗﺻًا‪َ .‬و َﻛ َﺫل َِﻙ َﻛلِ َم ُة )الﺿ ْﱠﺧ َم ُة( َو َ‬ ‫َو َلي َ‬
‫ِﺪ ٌة‬ ‫ﺿ َﺧا َم ِة ْال َﺣجْ م َﻻ ﺻِ َﻐرﻩِ؛ ل َِﺫا َﻓﺎﺋ َ‬ ‫َﻛلِ َم َة ْ‬
‫)ال َﻛ ْو ِن ﱠي ُة( ِب َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﺕ َت ْت َب ُﻊ‬
‫ِﻲ َﻛلِ َم ٌ‬‫ال ﱠت َو ِاب ُﻊ ه َ‬ ‫ﺕ الﱠتِﻲ َتﺄْتِﻲ ل َِوﺻْ ﻑِ َما‬ ‫ُت َﺳمﱠﻰ م ِْث ُﻝ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال َﻛلِ َما ِ‬
‫ِﻲ‬‫ﺻ َﻔةِ(‪ ،‬ﺃَ ِو )ال ﱠنعْ ﺕِ(‪َ ،‬وه َُو َما َﺳ َت َت َعرﱠ ﻑُ َما َﻗ ْب َل َها ﻓِﻲ ْاﻹﻋْ َراﺏِ‪َ ،‬وه َ‬ ‫َﻗ ْب َل َها ِبـ )ال ﱢ‬
‫الع ْطﻑُ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺕ‪َ ،‬و َ‬ ‫ﺃَرْ َب َع ٌة‪) :‬ال ﱠنعْ ُ‬ ‫ﺱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺇِ َل ْي ِﻪ ﻓِﻲ َه َﺫا ال ﱠدرْ ِ‬
‫ﺻ َﻔ ُة م َِﻥ ال ّت َو ِاب ِﻊ ﻓِﻲ اللﱡﻐ ِة َ‬
‫الع َر ِب ﱠيةِ‪َ .‬وال ﱠت ْو ِﻛ ْي ُد‪َ ،‬و ْال َبدَ ﻝُ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃو ال ﱢ‬ ‫ﺕ ِ‬ ‫َوال ﱠنعْ ُ‬
‫ﺕ َﺣ ِﻘ ْيﻘِﻲﱞ ‪َ ،‬و َنعْ ٌ‬
‫ﺕ َﺳ َب ِبﻲﱞ ‪.‬‬ ‫ْﻥ‪َ :‬نعْ ٌ‬ ‫َو ُي ْﻘ َﺳ ُم َﻋ َلﻰ َن ْو َﻋي ِ‬

‫‪٥٤‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺤ ِﻘ ْﻴ ِﻘ ﱡﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ْﺖ َ‬ ‫ﺃَ ﱠﻭ ًﻻ ‪ -‬ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻌ ُ‬
‫اﺕ‬‫ﺕ ﺃَ ْو ﺻِ َﻔ ٌ‬ ‫ِﻲ ُنع ُْو ٌ‬‫)ﺿ ْﺧ َمة(‪ ،‬ه َ‬ ‫َﺫ َﻛرْ َنا ِﻓ ْي َما َﺳ َب َق ﺃﻥﱠ ) ُم َت َﺣرﱢ ﻙ( َو) ُم َت َﻛامِﻝ( َو َ‬
‫ﺕ ْال َﺣ ِﻘ ْيﻘِﻲﱢ ؛ َوي َُعرﱠ ﻑُ ِبﺄ َ ﱠن ُﻪ َما ُي َبيﱢﻥُ ﺻِ َﻔ ًة‬ ‫ﺕ ﺻِ َﻔ َة َما َﻗ ْب َل َها‪َ ،‬و َه َﺫا َما ي َُﺳمﱠﻰ ِبال ﱠنعْ ِ‬ ‫َب ﱠي َن ْ‬
‫ﺱ(‪.‬‬ ‫ِق( ﺻِ َﻔ ٌة ل ْ‬
‫ِـ)المُدَ رﱢ ِ‬ ‫)ال َﺣاﺫ ُ‬‫ِق؛ ﻓـَ ْ‬ ‫ﺿ َر ْالمُدَ رﱢ ﺱُ ْال َﺣاﺫ ُ‬ ‫ﺕ َم ْتب ُْوﻋِ ﻪِ‪ ،‬م ِْثﻝُ‪َ :‬ﺣ َ‬ ‫ِمﻥْ ﺻِ َﻔا ِ‬
‫ُوﺕ ﻓِﻲ ْاﻹﻋْ َراﺏِ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َي ُﻛ ْوﻥُ‬ ‫النعﺕ اﻻﺳْ َم ْال َم ْنع َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺃَﻥْ َي ْت َب َﻊ‬‫َو َي ِجﺏُ ﻓِﻲ َه َﺫا ال ﱠن ْو ِﻉ م َِﻥ ال ﱠنعْ ِ‬
‫َمرْ ﻓُ ْوﻋًا َﻛ َما ﻓِﻲ جُمْ َلةِ‪َ ) :‬ه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال َما ِﻛ َن ُة ْال َﻛ ْو ِن ﱠي ُة الﺿ ْﱠﺧ َم ُة(‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻛلِ َم ُة )الﺿ ْﱠﺧ َم ُة( َمرْ ﻓُ ْو َﻋ ٌة؛‬
‫ِﻲ َﺧ َب ٌر َمرْ ﻓُ ْو ٌﻉ َﻓ َت ِب َع ْت َها ﻓِﻲ ْاﻹﻋْ َراﺏِ‪ .‬وﻓِﻲ ُج ْم َلةِ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺕ َﻛلِ َم َة ْ‬
‫)ال َﻛ ْو ِن ﱠي ُة (‪َ ،‬وه َ‬ ‫ِﻷ ﱠن َها َو َ‬
‫ﺻ َﻔ ْ‬
‫ِﻅ ﺃﻥﱠ ) ُم َت َﺣرﱢ ﻙٍ (‪َ ،‬و) ُم َت َﻛام ٍِﻝ( َمجْ ر ُْو َر َت ِ‬
‫اﻥ؛‬ ‫) َنﺣْ ﻥُ ج ُْز ٌء ِمﻥْ َﻋا َلم ُم َت َﺣرﱢ ﻙٍ ُم َت َﻛام ٍِﻝ(‪ُ ،‬ت َﻼﺣ ُ‬
‫ٍ‬
‫ِﻲ اﺳْ ٌم َمجْ ر ُْورٌ‪َ .‬و َﻛ َﺫل َِﻙ َل ْو ﻗُ ْل َنا‪ :‬ﺃﺣْ َت ِر ُم ْال ُج ْندِﻱﱠ‬
‫)ﻋا َل ٍم(‪َ ،‬وه َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻥ لِ َﻛلِ َم ِة َ‬ ‫ِﻷ ﱠن ُه َما َوﺻْ َﻔ ِ‬
‫ِﺹ(؛ ِﻷَ ﱠن ُﻪ ﺻِ َﻔ ٌة لِـ) ْال ُج ْندِﻱﱠ ( الﱠﺫِﻱ َو َﻗ َﻊ َم ْﻔع ُْو ًﻻ ِب ِﻪ َم ْنﺻ ُْوبًا‪.‬‬ ‫)الم ُْﺧل َ‬ ‫ﺻ ْب َنا ْ‬‫ِﺹ‪َ ،‬ن َ‬‫ْالم ُْﺧل َ‬
‫ﺕ ﻓِﻲ ْاﻹ ْﻓ َرادِ‪َ ،‬وال ﱠت ْث ِن َيةِ‪َ ،‬و ْال َج ْم ِﻊ‪َ ،‬وال ﱠت ْﺫ ِﻛي ِْر‪َ ،‬وال ﱠتﺄ ِن ْيﺙِ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺕ ْال َم ْنع ُْو َ‬‫َو َﻛ َﺫل َِﻙ َي ْت َب ُﻊ ال ﱠنعْ ُ‬
‫اﻥ َط ِب ْي َب َت ِ‬
‫اﻥ‬ ‫اﻥ‪َ ،‬و َها َت ِ‬ ‫اﻥ َماه َِر ِ‬ ‫اﻥ َط ِب ْي َب ِ‬‫م ِْثﻝُ‪َ :‬ه َﺫا َط ِبيْﺏٌ َما ِهرٌ‪َ ،‬و َه ِﺫ ِﻩ َط ِب ْي َب ٌة َماه َِرةٌ‪َ ،‬و َه َﺫ ِ‬
‫ﺅﻻ ِء ﺃَطِ بﱠا ُء َما ِهر ُْو َﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫اﺕ‪َ ،‬و َه َ‬ ‫اﺕ َماه َِر ٌ‬ ‫اﻥ‪َ ،‬و َه ْﺅ َﻻ ِء َط ِب ْي َب ٌ‬ ‫َماه َِر َت ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫اﻥ ْال َعا ِﻗ َﻝ‪َ ،‬و ﺃ َﺷ ِ‬
‫او ُر‬ ‫او ُر ْاﻹ ْن َﺳ َ‬ ‫َو َي ْت َب ُع ُﻪ ﺃَ ْيﺿًا ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠتعْ ِر ْيﻑِ ‪َ ،‬وال ﱠت ْن ِﻛي ِْر‪ ،‬م ِْثﻝُ‪ :‬ﺃ َﺷ ِ‬
‫ﺇ ْن َﺳا ًنا َﻋاﻗ ًِﻼ‪.‬‬

‫َﺒﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒ ﱡ‬ ‫ْﺖ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻌ ُ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎً ‪ -‬ﱠ‬
‫ِﺪ ٌة‬ ‫ﺕ َﻓﺎﺋ َ‬ ‫ﺕ الّﺫِﻱ ُي َبيﱢﻥُ ﺻِ َﻔ ًة مِﻥ ﺻِ َﻔا ِ‬ ‫ي َُرا ُد ِب ِﻪ َﺫل َِﻙ ال ﱠنعْ ُ‬

‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َما َي َتعلّ ُق ب َم ْتبوﻋِ ﻪِ‪ ،‬م ِْث ُﻝ َما َجا َء ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ ‪ْ :‬‬
‫)ال َﻘ َم ُر‬
‫اﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ُﻛ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ِﻲﱢ‬‫ﻘ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ي‬ ‫ﻘ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ﺕ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫عْ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ِل‬ ‫ل‬
‫ﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫ﺕ َوال ﱠنعْ ُ‬ ‫ﺻ ِﻐ ْي ُر َﺣجْ ُمﻪُ‪َ ،‬وال ﱠﺷمْﺱُ ْال َﻛ ِب ْي ُر َﺣجْ ُم َها(‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻛلِ َم َتا ُه َما‪ْ :‬ال َم ْنع ُْو ُ‬ ‫ال ﱠ‬
‫ﺕ ال ﱠﺳ َب ِبﻲﱢ َث َﻼ َث َة‬ ‫ْﻥ ﺃَﻥﱠ لِل ﱠنعْ ِ‬ ‫ﺻ َﻔا َما َت َعلﱠ َق ِﺣي ِ‬ ‫ﱠاﻥ َو َ‬ ‫اﻥ َﺳ َب ِبي‬ ‫ﺻ ِﻐيْر(‪َ ،‬و ْ‬
‫)ال َﻛ ِبيْر( َنعْ َت‬ ‫)ال ﱠ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ُ‬
‫ِﻲ‪ :‬ال َمنع ُْوﺕ‪َ ،‬و َما‬ ‫اﻥ‪ ،‬ه َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺃرْ ﻛ ٍ‬
‫)ال َﺣجْ ُم(‪.‬‬ ‫ِبـ) ْال َﻘ َمر( َو)ال ﱠﺷمْ ﺱ( َوه َُو‪ْ :‬‬
‫ﺕ الﱠﺫِﻱ َي ُﻛ ْوﻥُ‬ ‫َي َت َعلﱠ ُق ِبﻪِ‪َ ،‬وال ﱠنعْ ُ‬
‫دَ ا ِﺋمًا َوا ِﻗعًا َب ْي َن ُه َما‪.‬‬ ‫)جا َء الرﱠ ُج ُﻝ ْال ُم َه ﱠﺫ َب ُة ا ْب َن ُتﻪ(‪.‬‬ ‫َﻛ َﺫل َِﻙ َﻗ ْولُ َنا‪َ :‬‬

‫‪٥٥‬‬
 ‫ِﺪ ٌة‬
‫َﻓﺎﺋ َ‬ ‫ﺕ؛ َو َلﻛِﻥﱠ‬ ‫ِﻲ ْال َم ْنع ُْو ُ‬ ‫َﻓ َﻛلِ َم ُة )الرﱠ جُﻝ(‪ :‬ه َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ﺕ َما َي َت َعلﱠ ُق ِبالرﱠ ج ُِﻝ‬ ‫ﺻ َﻔ ْ‬
‫ﺕ َو َ‬ ‫ِﻲ َنعْ ٌ‬ ‫)ال ُم َه ﱠﺫ َب َة( الﱠتِﻲ ه َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﺕ ال ﱠﺳ َب ِبﻲﱢ َيﺄتِﻲ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﻓِﻲ النعْ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﺃَ ً‬ ‫)ا ْب َن ُتﻪ( َﻻ الرﱠ ُج َﻝ َن ْﻔ َﺳﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ‪ُ ،‬ث ﱠم‬ ‫وﻻ‪ُ ،‬ث ﱠم ال ﱠنعْ ُ‬ ‫ْال َم ْنع ُْو ُ‬
‫ﺕ ﺃَ ِﺧيْرً ا‪،‬‬ ‫ُوﺕ )اﻻﺳْ َم ال ﱠﺳاِبق َما َي َت َعلﱠ ُق ِب ْال َم ْنع ُْو ِ‬ ‫ﺕ ال ﱠﺳ َببﻲﱡ َي ْت َب ُﻊ ال َم ْنع َ‬ ‫وال ﱠنعْ ُ‬
‫ِير‪َ ،‬و َي ُﻛ ْوﻥُ اﺳْ مًا َﻅا ِهرً ا ﻓيﻪ‬ ‫ْﻥ‪ْ :‬اﻹﻋْ َراﺏِ‪َ ،‬وال ﱠتعْ ِريﻑِ َوال ﱠت ْنﻛ ِ‬ ‫َلﻪُ( ﻓِﻲ َﺷ ْي َﺋي ِ‬
‫الﻼﺣِق( ﺿمير يعود ﻋلﻰ المنعوﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ )اﻻﺳْ َم ّ‬ ‫ْﻥ َي ْت َب ُﻊ َما َي َت َعلﱠ ُق ِب ْال َم ْنع ُْو ِ‬‫ﻓِﻲ ِﺣي ِ‬
‫ْﺙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔِﻲ ْالجُمْ َل ِة‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ َﺷﻲ ٍء َوا ِﺣ ٍد ه َُو ال ﱠت ْﺫﻛِي ُر َوال ﱠتﺄ ِني ُ‬
‫ﺕ )الرﱠ جُﻝ(‬ ‫)ال ُم َه ﱠﺫ َبة( َت ِب َع ِ‬
‫ﺻ َﻔ َة ْ‬ ‫ﱠاب َﻘ ِة َن ِج ُد ﺃَﻥﱠ ال ﱢ‬ ‫الﺳ ِ‬
‫ِﺪةٌ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠتعْ ر ْيﻑِ ‪َ ،‬و ْاﻹﻋْ َراﺏِ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻛا َن ْﺕ َمرْ ﻓُ ْو َﻋ ًة؛ ِﻷَ ﱠن ُﻪ ﻓﺎﺋ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ﺕ ال ﱠﺳ َب ِبﻲﱡ َيﺄتِﻲ دَ ا ِﺋمًا‬ ‫ال ﱠنعْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺕ )ا ْب َن ُتﻪُ( ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠتﺄ ِن ْيﺙِ‪َ .‬و َﻛ َﺫل َِﻙ‬ ‫َﻓاﻋِ ٌﻝ َمرْ ﻓُ ْوﻉٌ‪َ ،‬و َت ِب َع ْ‬
‫ِﻅ ﺃَﻥﱠ م َِﻥ ال ُم ْﺷ َت ﱠﻘاﺕِ‪ ،‬م ِْث ُﻝ اﺳْ ِم‬ ‫)رﺃَيْﺕ ام َْرﺃَ ًة ُم َه ﱠﺫبًا ا ْب ُن َها(‪ُ ،‬ن َﻼﺣ ُ‬ ‫َل ْو ﻗُ ْل َنا‪َ :‬‬
‫ﺻ َﻔ ِة‬‫ﺕ ) ُمه ﱠﺫبًا( َتبﻊ )ا ْمرﺃَ ًة( ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠت ْن ِﻛيْر و ْاﻹﻋْ راﺏِ‪ْ ،‬ال َﻔاﻋِ ِﻝ‪َ ،‬واﺳْ ِم ْال َم ْﻔع ُْو ِﻝ َوال ﱢ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ِ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َِ‬ ‫ال ﱠنعْ َ َ‬
‫ْال ُم َﺷ ﱠب َهةِ‪َ ،‬وﺻِ ي َْﻐ ِة ْال ُم َبا َل َﻐةِ‪.‬‬
‫َﻓ َجا َء َنﻛ َِر ًة َو َم ْنﺻ ُْوبًا‪َ ،‬و َت ِب َﻊ َما َي َت َعلﱠ ُق ِب َها )ا ْب ُنها(‬
‫ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠت ْﺫ َﻛي ِْر َﻓ َﻘ ْط‪.‬‬
‫ﺎن‬ ‫َﺗ ْﻘ ِﻮ ْﻳ ُﻢ ا ِّﻟﻠ َ‬
‫َﺴ ِ‬ ‫ﻼﺻ ُﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻘ َﻮ ِ‬
‫اﻋ ِﺪ‬ ‫ُﺧ َ‬
‫اﺕ َت ْت َب ُﻊ َما َﻗ ْب َل َها ﻓِﻲ ﻗُﻝْ‪ُ ) :‬نﻔ َِﻲ اﻷَ ِديْﺏُ ِمﻥْ َو َط ِنﻪِ(‬ ‫ِﻲ َﻛلِ َم ٌ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ال ﱠت َو ِاب ُﻊ ه َ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫َوﻻ َتﻘﻝْ‪) :‬نﻔ َِﻲ اﻷ ِديْﺏُ َﻋﻥْ َوط ِنﻪِ(‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫الع ْطﻑُ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺕ‪َ ،‬و َ‬ ‫ِﻲ ﺃَرْ َب َع ٌة‪) :‬ال ﱠنعْ ُ‬
‫ْاﻹﻋْ َراﺏِ‪َ ،‬وه َ‬
‫َوال ﱠت ْو ِﻛ ْي ُد‪َ ،‬و ْال َبدَ ﻝُ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻑ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃو ْال َم ْوﺻ ُْو َ‬‫ﺕ ِ‬ ‫ﺻ َﻔ ُة( َت ِاب ٌﻊ يَﺻِ ﻑُ اﺳْ مًا َﻗ ْب َل ُﻪ ي َُﺳمﱠﻰ ْال َم ْنع ُْو َ‬ ‫ﺃو)ال ﱢ‬ ‫ﺕ ِ‬ ‫‪ -2‬ال ﱠنعْ ُ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫اﻥ‪َ ،‬ﺣ ِﻘ ْيﻘِﻲﱞ ‪َ ،‬وه َُو َما ُي َبيﱢﻥُ ﺻِ َﻔ ًة ِمﻥْ ﺻِ َﻔا ِ‬
‫ﺕ ْال َم ْنع ُْوﺕِ‪َ ،‬و َي ْت َب ُﻊ ْال َم ْنع ُْو َ‬ ‫ﺕ ِﻗﺳْ َم ِ‬ ‫‪ -۳‬ال ﱠنعْ ُ‬
‫ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠت ْﺫ ِﻛي ِْر َوال ﱠتﺄ ِن ْيﺙِ‪َ ،‬و ْاﻹ ْﻓ َرادِ‪ ،‬وال ﱠت ْثني ِة ‪َ ،‬و ْال َج ْم ِﻊ‪َ ،‬وال ﱠتعْ ِر ْيﻑِ ‪َ ،‬وال ﱠت ْن ِﻛي ِْر‪َ ،‬و ْاﻹﻋْ َراﺏِ‪.‬‬
‫بال ِم ْتبوُ ِﻉ‪َ ،‬و َي ْت َب ُﻊ َما َﻗ ْب َل ُﻪ ﻓِﻲ ْاﻹﻋْ َراﺏِ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺕ َما َي َتعلّ ُق ْ‬ ‫َو َﺳ َب ِبﻲﱞ ‪َ ،‬و ُي َبيﱢﻥُ ﺻِ َﻔ ًة مِﻥ ﺻِ َﻔا ِ‬
‫َوال ﱠتعْ ِر ْيﻑِ َوال ﱠت ْن ِﻛي ِْر‪َ ،‬و َي ْت َب ُﻊ َما َبعْ دَ ﻩُ ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠت ْﺫ ِﻛي ِْر َوال ﱠتﺄ ِن ْيﺙِ‪ ،‬وي َُﻼ ِز ُم ْاﻹ ْﻓ َرادَ ﻓِﻲ ُﻛ ﱢﻝ‬
‫اﻷﺣْ َو ِ‬
‫اﻝ‪.‬‬

‫‪٥٦‬‬
 ‫َﺣﻠﱢ ْﻞ َﻭﺃ ْﻋ ِﺮ ْﺏ‬

‫َﻫ َﺬا َﺛ ْﻮ ٌب َﺣ َﺴ َﻨ ٌﺔ َأ ْﻟ َﻮا ُﻧ ُﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃلوا ُن ُﻪ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َﺣ َﺳ َن ٌة‬ ‫َث ْوﺏٌ‬ ‫َه َﺫا‬ ‫َﺣلﱢ ْﻝ‬

‫َﻻﺣ ِْﻅ َو َﻓ ﱢﻛرْ‬

‫ﺕ ﺇ َلﻰ‬ ‫َﻛلِ َم ٌة َمرْ ﻓُ ْو َﻋ ٌة ﺃُﺿِ ْي َﻔ ْ‬ ‫ﺕ َبعْ دَ‬ ‫َﻛلِ َم ٌة َو َﻗ َع ْ‬ ‫َﻛلِ َم ٌة َت ُد ﱡﻝ َﻋ َلﻰ‬

‫ً‬ ‫َﻛلِ َم ٌة ُم َنو َن ٌة‬
‫ْال ُم َﺷ ِ‬
‫ﺻ َﻔ ِة‬
‫ﺕ َبعْ دَ ال ﱢ‬ ‫ﺿ ِمي ٍْر‪َ ،‬و َﻗ َع ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫الﺧ َب ِر ﻓ َب ﱠينﺕ ﺻِ ﻔة‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ار ﺇ َل ْي ِﻪ َو َﻗ َع ْ‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫)اﺳْ ٌم(‬
‫ْال ُم َﺷ ﱠب َه ِة ْال َعا ِم َل ِة َﻋ َم َﻝ ْال ِﻔعْ ِﻝ‬ ‫ِمﻥْ ﺻِ َﻔا ِت ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ ِبدَ ا َية ْال َﻛ َﻼ ِم‬
‫ِﻲ ﺻِ َﻔ ٌة ُم َﺷ ﱠب َه ٌة‪َ ،‬واﻻﺳْ ُم‬ ‫ﺕ ﻓِﻲ ْال َم ْوﺻ ُْوﻑِ ه َ‬ ‫ﻑ َث ِاب ٍ‬‫ﺕ َﻋ َلﻰ َوﺻْ ٍ‬ ‫ْال َﻛلِ َم ُة َﺇﺫا دَ لﱠ ْ‬
‫َت َﺫ ﱠﻛرْ‬
‫اﻝ ﺇﻋْ َر ِابيﱠة‪ :‬الرﱠ ْﻓ ُﻊ َﻋ َلﻰ ﺃ ﱠن ُﻪ َﻓاﻋِ ٌﻝ َل َها ﺇِ َﺫا َﻛ َ‬
‫اﻥ‬ ‫ﺙ ﺃَﺣْ َو ٍ‬ ‫ْال َوا ِﻗ ُﻊ َبعْ دَ َها َل ُﻪ َث َﻼ ُ‬
‫الجرّ‬ ‫ﺃو َ‬ ‫اﻥ َنﻛ َِر ًة‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﺃوال ﱠنﺻْ ﺏُ َﻋ َلﻰ ال ﱠتمْ ِيي ِْز َﺇﺫا َﻛ َ‬ ‫ﺿ ِميْر‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ُﺿا ًﻓا ﺇ َلﻰ َ‬ ‫َمرْ ﻓُ ْوﻋًا‪َ ،‬وم َ‬
‫ﺿا َﻓ ِة َﺇﺫ َﻛاﻥ م َُﺣلًّﻰ ِبـ )اﻝ(‬ ‫َﻋ َلﻰ ْاﻹ َ‬
‫اﻥ‪َ ،‬ﺣ ِﻘ ْيﻘِﻲﱞ ؛ َوه َُو‬ ‫ﺕ َن ْو َﻋ ِ‬ ‫ﺕ‪َ .‬وال ﱠنعْ ُ‬ ‫ﺕ َت ِاب ٌﻊ يَﺻِ ﻑُ اﺳْ مًا َﻗ ْب َل ُﻪ ي َُﺳمﱠﻰ ْال َم ْنع ُْو َ‬ ‫ال ﱠنعْ ُ‬
‫ﺕ َما َي َتعلّ ُق‬ ‫ﺕ ْال َم ْنع ُْوﺕِ‪َ .‬و َﺳ َب ِبﻲﱞ ‪َ ،‬و ُي َبيﱢﻥُ ﺻِ َﻔ ًة مِﻥ ﺻِ َﻔا ِ‬ ‫َما ُي َبيﱢﻥُ ﺻِ َﻔ ًة مِﻥْ ﺻِ َﻔا ِ‬ ‫َت َعلﱠ َ‬
‫مْﺕ‬
‫ﺕ ال ﱠﺳ َب ِبﻲﱡ َيﺄْتِﻲ دَ ا ِﺋمًا م َِﻥ ال ُم ْﺷ َت ﱠﻘاﺕِ‪ ،‬م ِْث ُﻝ اﺳْ ِم ْال َﻔاﻋِ ِﻝ‪َ ،‬واﺳْ ِم‬ ‫بالم ْتبوُ ِﻉ‪َ .‬وال ﱠنعْ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﺻ َﻔ ِة ْال ُم َﺷ ﱠب َهةِ‪َ ،‬وﺻِ ي َْﻐ ِة ْال ُم َبا َل َﻐ ِة‬
‫ْال َم ْﻔع ُْو ِﻝ َوال ﱢ‬

‫ﺻ َﻔ ِة‬ ‫َﻓاﻋِ ٌﻝ لِل ﱢ‬ ‫ار ٍة َم ْبنِﻲﱞ‬‫اﺳْ ُم ﺇ َﺷ َ‬

‫تﺳتنتج‬
‫ﺻﻔة مﺷبهة‬ ‫َﺧ َب ٌر َمرْ ﻓُ ْو ٌﻉ‬
‫ْال ُم َﺷ ﱠب َه ِة‬ ‫)نعﺕ ﺳببﻲ(‬ ‫) ُم ْب َتدَ ﺃٌ(‬

‫)ﺣ َﺳ َن ٌة(‬ ‫َﻓاﻋِ ٌﻝ ل ِْلﺻِ َﻔ ِة ْال ُم َﺷ ﱠب َه ِة َ‬

‫ﺿ ﱠم ُة‬‫َمرْ ﻓُ ْو ٌﻉ َو َﻋ َﻼ َم ُة َر ْﻓ ِع ِﻪ ال ﱠ‬ ‫ﺕ َﺳ َب ِبﻲﱞ‬ ‫َنعْ ٌ‬ ‫َﺧ َب ٌر َمرْ ﻓُ ْو ٌﻉ‬ ‫ْاﻹﻋْ َراﺏُ‬
‫َمرْ ﻓُ ْو ٌﻉ َو َﻋ َﻼ َم ُة‬ ‫َو َﻋ َﻼ َم ُة‬ ‫ار ٍة‬‫اﺳْ ُم ﺇ َﺷ َ‬
‫ﺁﺧرﻩِ‪َ ،‬وه َُو‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ل‬‫َ‬ ‫ﻋ‬‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ِر‬
‫َ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫الﻅ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺿ ِم ْي ٌر‬ ‫ﺿ ﱠم ُة‬
‫َر ْﻓ ِع ِﻪ ال ﱠ‬ ‫ﺿ ﱠم ُة‬ ‫َم ْبنِﻲﱞ ﻓِﻲ َم َﺣ ﱢﻝ َر ْﻓ ِع ِﻪ ال ﱠ‬
‫ُﺿاﻑٌ َو)هُـ(‪َ :‬‬ ‫م َ‬ ‫َر ْﻓﻊ ُم ْب َتدَ ﺃ‬
‫الﻅاه َِرةُ َﻋ َلﻰ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫الﻅاه َِرةُ َﻋ َلﻰ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ُم ﱠتﺻِ ٌﻝ َم ْبنِﻲﱞ ﻓِﻲ َم َﺣ ﱢﻝ َجرﱢ‬
‫ﻑ ﺇِ َل ْي ِﻪ‬
‫ُﺿا ٍ‬ ‫ﺁﺧ ِِر ِﻩ‬ ‫ﺁﺧ ِِر ِﻩ‬
‫م َ‬

‫اﻟﺼﺎ ِﺑ َﺮ ِ‬
‫ات‬ ‫اﻗ َّﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎت َّ‬ ‫ِﻞ ُﺛ َّﻢ َأ ْﻋ ِﺮ ْب َﻣﺎ َﻳﺄﺗِﻲ‪َ :‬رَأ ْﻳ ُﺖ ا ْﻟﻌ َ‬
‫ِﺮ ِ‬ ‫َﺣّﻠ ْ‬

‫‪٥٧‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﱠ ْﻤ ِﺮ ْﻳﻨَﺎﺕُ‬
‫‪۱‬‬
‫ﺕ‪َ ،‬و َبيﱢﻥْ َن ْو َﻋﻪُ‪َ ،‬و َﻋ َﻼ َم َة ﺇِﻋْ َر ِاب ِﻪ ﻓِﻲ ْال ُج َم ِﻝ ْاﻵتِي ِة ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺕ َوا َلمْ نع ُْو َ‬ ‫اﺳْ َت ْﺧ ِر ِﺝ ال ﱠنعْ َ‬
‫)ال َﻘ َلم‪.(4 :‬‬ ‫»وﺇِ ﱠن َﻙ َل َعلﻰ ُﺧلُ ٍق َﻋﻅِ ٍيم« ْ‬ ‫‪َ -١‬ﻗا َﻝ َت َعا َلﻰ‪َ :‬‬
‫ﷲُ َﺷ ُﻛو ٌر‬ ‫ُﺿاﻋِ ْﻔ ُﻪ َل ُﻛ ْم َو َي ْﻐ ِﻔرْ َل ُﻛ ْم َو ﱠ‬ ‫ﷲ َﻗرْ ﺿًا َﺣ َﺳ ًنا ي َ‬ ‫‪َ -2‬ﻗا َﻝ َت َعا َلﻰ‪» :‬ﺇِﻥ ُت ْﻘ ِرﺿُوا ﱠ َ‬
‫َﺣلِي ٌم« )ال ﱠت َﻐابُﻥ‪.(١۷ :‬‬
‫ﺕ م ُْﺧ َتلِ ًﻔا ﺃَ ْل َوا ُن َها‬‫ﷲ ﺃَ ْن َز َﻝ م َِﻥ ال ﱠﺳ َما ِء َما ًء َﻓﺄ َ ْﺧ َرجْ َنا ِب ِﻪ َث َم َرا ٍ‬ ‫‪َ -۳‬ﻗا َﻝ َت َعا َلﻰ ‪» :‬ﺃَ َل ْم َت َر ﺃَﻥﱠ ﱠ َ‬
‫اﻝ جُدَ ٌد ِبيﺽٌ َو ُﺣ ْم ٌر م ُْﺧ َتلِﻑٌ ﺃَ ْل َوا ُن َها َو َﻏ َر ِابيﺏُ ﺳُو ٌد« ) َﻓاطِ ر‪.(2۷ :‬‬ ‫َوم َِﻥ ْال ِج َب ِ‬
‫)ال ِجﻥّ ‪.(١٦ :‬‬ ‫الط ِري َﻘ ِة َﻷَﺳْ َﻘ ْي َناهُم مﱠا ًء َﻏدَ ًﻗا« ْ‬ ‫»وﺃَﻥ لﱠ ِو اﺳْ َت َﻘامُوا َﻋ َلﻰ ﱠ‬ ‫‪ -4‬ﻗاﻝ تعالﻰ‪َ :‬‬
‫ِيﻥ ا ﱠت َﻘ ْوا َر ﱠب ُه ْم َل ُه ْم ُﻏ َرﻑٌ مﱢﻥ َﻓ ْو ِﻗ َها ُﻏ َرﻑٌ ﱠم ْب ِني ٌﱠة َتجْ ِرﻱ مِﻥ‬ ‫ِﻥ الﱠﺫ َ‬ ‫ٰ‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻗاﻝ تعالﻰ‪َ » :‬لﻛ ِ‬
‫نز َﻝ م َِﻥ ال ﱠﺳ َما ِء َما ًء‬ ‫ﷲ ﺃَ َ‬‫ِيعادَ * ﺃَ َل ْم َت َر ﺃَﻥﱠ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﷲ َﻻ ي ُْﺧلِﻑُ ﱠ‬
‫ﷲُ الم َ‬ ‫َتﺣْ ِت َها ْاﻷَ ْن َها ُر َوﻋْ دَ ﱠ ِ‬
‫ﺽ ُث ﱠم ي ُْﺧ ِر ُﺝ ِب ِﻪ َزرْ ﻋًا م ْﱡﺧ َتلِ ًﻔا ﺃَ ْل َوا ُن ُﻪ ُث ﱠم َي ِهي ُج َﻓ َت َراﻩُ مُﺻْ َﻔ ًّرا‬ ‫يﻊ ﻓِﻲ ْاﻷَرْ ِ‬ ‫َﻓ َﺳ َل َﻛ ُﻪ َي َن ِاب َ‬
‫)الزمُر‪(2١-20:‬‬ ‫ُطامًا ﺇِﻥﱠ ﻓِﻲ ٰ َﺫل َِﻙ َلﺫ ِْﻛ َر ٰﻯ ِﻷُولِﻲ ْاﻷَ ْل َباﺏِ« ﱡ‬ ‫ُث ﱠم َيجْ َعلُ ُﻪ ﺣ َ‬
‫‪َ -٦‬ﻗا َﻝ ﺃَبُو ﻓ َِراﺱ ْال َﺣمْ دَ انِﻲﱡ ‪:‬‬
‫ِيﺢ ُﺫ ُن ْوﺏُ ؟‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫َي ُع ﱡد َﻋ َلﻲﱠ ْال َعا ِﺫلُ ْو َﻥ ُﺫ ُن ْو َب ُﻪ‬
‫َو ِمﻥْ ﺃي َْﻥ لِل َوجْ ِﻪ ال َمل ِ‬
‫ﱠار ًة َج ِديْدَ ًة‪.‬‬ ‫ْﺕ َﺳي َ‬ ‫‪ -۷‬ا ْﺷ َت َري ُ‬
‫ْط ُم َﻛا َﻓﺄ َ ًة‪.‬‬ ‫‪ُ -۸‬من َِﺢ ْال َعا ِم ُﻝ ال ﱠنﺷِ ي ُ‬
‫‪ -۹‬ال ﱠﺳيﱠاﺏُ َﺷاﻋِ ٌر ﻋِ َراﻗِﻲﱞ َم ْﺷه ُْورٌ‪.‬‬
‫‪۲‬‬
‫الﻼ ِز َم َة‪:‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻝ ْاﻷَ ْو ِﻝ مُجْ ِريًا ال ﱠت ْﻐ ِيي َْرا ِ‬ ‫ﺕ ال ﱠﺳ َب ِبﻲﱠ ﺇ َلﻰ َﺣ ِﻘ ْيﻘِﻲﱟ َﻛ َما ﻓِﻲ ْال ِم َث ِ‬ ‫َﺣوﱢ ِﻝ ال ﱠنعْ َ‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻓِﻲ َﺣ ﱢي َنا َﺣ ِد ْي َﻘ ٌة َج ِم ْي َل ٌة ﺃَ ْز َها ُر َها‪.‬‬
‫ﻓِﻲ َﺣ ﱢي َنا ﺃزهار الﺣديﻘ ِة جميلة‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ َجام َِع ًة َما ِهرً ا ﺃَ َﺳا َت َﺫ ُت َها‪.‬‬ ‫‪ُ -2‬زرْ ُ‬
‫ﺏ َط ْل ٍق ل َِﺳا ُنﻪُ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﺇ َلﻰ َﺧطِ ْي ٍ‬ ‫‪ -۳‬اﺳْ َت َمعْ ُ‬
‫ارةٌ َم ْﺷه ُْو َرةٌ ﺁ َثا ُرهُا‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿ َ‬ ‫اق َﺣ َ‬ ‫‪ -4‬للع َِر ُ‬

‫‪٥٨‬‬
 ‫‪۳‬‬
‫اجْ َع ِﻝ ْالجُمْ َل َة ال ﱠتالِ َي َة ل ِْلم َُﺅ ﱠنﺙِ‪َ ،‬و ْال ُم َث ﱠنﻰ ِب َن ْو َﻋ ْيﻪِ‪َ ،‬و ْال َج ْم ِﻊ ِب َن ْو َﻋ ْيﻪِ‪َ ،‬مﻊ َت ْﻐ ِيي ِْر‬
‫ﺿ ْبطِ ِﻪ ﻓِﻲ ُﻛ ﱢﻝ َﺣ ٍ‬
‫اﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫ال ﱠنعﺕِ‪َ ،‬و َ‬
‫) َﻛرﱠ مْْم َنا م َُواطِ ًنا م َُﺣاﻓ ًِﻅا َﻋ َلﻰ َب َل ِد ِﻩ َﺣ ِر ْيﺻًا َﻋ َلﻰ ﺃَمْ ِن ِﻪ َو َوﺣْ دَ ِتﻪِ‪(.‬‬
‫‪٤‬‬
‫ْﻥ‪َ ،‬ﻛا َنا‬ ‫ْﻥ َﺣ ِم ْي َمي ِ‬ ‫ﺻ ِد ْي َﻘي ِ‬
‫ﺙ َﻋﻥْ َ‬ ‫َﺣ َﻛﻰ لِﻲ ﺃَ َﺣ ُدهُم ِﻗﺻ ًﱠة ُم ِثي َْر ًة ﺃَﺣْ دَ ُاث َها‪َ ،‬ت َت َﺣ ﱠد ُ‬
‫اﻝ ْال َو َط ِﻥ‪َ ،‬و ْاﻵ َﺧ ُر ِمﻥْ َج ُن ْو ِبﻪِ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻥ َمعًا ﻓِﻲ ْال َجام َِع ِة َن ْﻔﺳِ َها‪ ،‬ﺃَ َﺣ ُد ُه َما ِمﻥْ َﺷ َم ِ‬ ‫ُﺳ ِ‬ ‫َي ْدر َ‬
‫اﺕ‬‫ا ْﻓ َت َر َﻗا َز َم ًنا َو َﺷ َﻐ َل ْت ُه َما ْال َﺣ َياةُ ال َﻛ ِثي َْرةُ ﺃ ْﺷ َﻐالُ َها‪َ ،‬و َﻅﻥﱠ ُﻛ ﱞﻝ ِم ْن ُه َما ﺃَﻥﱠ اللﱢ َﻘا َء َب ْي َن ُه ْما َب َ‬
‫ﺕ َم ِد ْي َن ٌة ِمﻥْ َو َط ِن َنا ﺇِ َلﻰ اﻋْ تِدَ ا ٍء‬ ‫ﱠام َﻗ ْو ًﻻ ﺁَ َﺧ َر‪َ .‬ﻓ َما ﺃَﻥْ َت َعرﱠ َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ً‬
‫ﺿ ْ‬ ‫مُﺳْ َت ِﺣيْﻼ‪َ ،‬و َلﻛِﻥﱠ لِﻸي ِ‬
‫اﻙ ﻓِﻲ ﺳ ُْو ِﺡ‬ ‫اق ْال َب َواﺳِ ُﻝ لِ َنجْ دَ ِة ﺃَهْ َلي ِْه ْم ِﻓ ْي َها‪َ ،‬و ُه َن َ‬‫ﺇِرْ َه ِابﻲﱟ َﻏاد ٍِر َﺣ ﱠتﻰ َهﺏﱠ ﺃَ ْب َنا ُء ْالع َِر ِ‬
‫اﻥ َيﺣْ ِم ُﻝ ﺳِ َﻼ َﺣ ُﻪ‬ ‫ُﺻادَ َﻓ ًة‪ُ ،‬ﻛ ﱞﻝ ِم ْن ُه َما َﻛ َ‬ ‫اﻥ َوجْ هًا ل َِوجْ ٍﻪ م َ‬ ‫ﺻ ِد ْي َﻘ ِ‬
‫اﻥ ال ﱠ‬ ‫اﻝ اجْ َت َم َﻊ َه َﺫ ِ‬ ‫ْال ِﻘ َت ِ‬
‫ﺿ َﻥ ﺃَ َﺣ ُد ُه َما‬ ‫ﺕ ُﻋي ُْو ُن ُه َما َواﺣْ َت َ‬ ‫اﻙ ْال َت َﻘ ْ‬ ‫َور ُْو َﺣ ُﻪ َبي َْﻥ َيدَ ْي ِﻪ لِ ُي َﻘ ﱢد َم َها ﻗُرْ َبا ًنا ل ِْل َو َط ِﻥ‪ُ ،‬ه َن َ‬
‫ْاﻵ َﺧ َر َﻓا ﱠت َﺣدَ َج ُن ْوﺏُ ْال َو َط ِﻥ َو َﺷ َمالُ ُﻪ َمرﱠ ًة ﺃ ُ ْﺧ َرﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ْال َﺣ ِﻘ ْيﻘِﻲﱠ ‪ُ ،‬ث ﱠم ﺃَﻋْ ِر ْبﻪُ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬اﺳْ َت ْﺧ ِر ِﺝ ال ﱠنعْ َ‬
‫ﺕ ْال َم ْطلُ ْو َب َة‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ َﺣ ِﻘ ْيﻘِﻲﱟ مُجْ ِريًا ال ﱠت ْﻐ ِيي َْرا ِ‬ ‫ﺕ ال ﱠﺳ َب ِبﻲﱠ ‪ُ ،‬ث ﱠم َﺣوﱢ ْل ُﻪ ﺇ َلﻰ َنعْ ٍ‬ ‫‪ -2‬اﺳْ َت ْﺧ ِر ِﺝ ال ﱠنعْ َ‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫ﺕ َﺳ َب ِبﻲﱞ ‪ ،‬اﺳْ َت ْﺧ ِرجْ ﻪُ‪َ ،‬و َبيﱢﻥْ ﺃَﻱﱠ َن ْو ٍﻉ م َِﻥ ْال ُم ْﺷ َت ﱠﻘا ِ‬
‫ﺕ ه َُو؟ ُث ﱠم‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ ْال ُج َم ِﻝ ال ﱠتالِ َي ِة َنعْ ٌ‬
‫ﺕ‪َ ،‬و َما َت َعلﱠ َق ِبﻪِ‪:‬‬ ‫اﺳْ َت ْﺧ ِر ِﺝ ْال َم ْنع ُْو َ‬
‫يﻥ« ْ‬
‫)ال َب َﻘ َرة‪.(٦۹:‬‬ ‫ﺻ ْﻔ َرا ُء َﻓا ِﻗ ٌﻊ َل ْو ُن َها َتﺳُرﱡ ال ﱠناﻅِ ِر َ‬
‫‪َ -١‬ﻗا َﻝ َت َعا َلﻰ‪َ »:‬ﻗا َﻝ ﺇِ ﱠن ُﻪ َيﻘُو ُﻝ ﺇِ ﱠن َها َب َﻘ َرةٌ َ‬
‫الﻅال ِِم ﺃَهْ لُ َها َواجْ َعﻝ ل َنا مِﻥ‬‫وﻥ َر ﱠب َنا ﺃَ ْﺧرجْ َنا ِمﻥْ ٰ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال َﻘرْ َي ِة ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﻗاﻝ تعالﻰ‪َ » :‬يﻘُولُ َ‬
‫نﻙ َنﺻِ يرً ا« )ال ﱢن َﺳاء‪.(۷٥ :‬‬ ‫نﻙ َولِ ًّيا َواجْ َعﻝ ل َنا مِﻥ ل ُد َ‬ ‫ل ُد َ‬
‫‪ُ -۳‬زرْ َنا َم ْت َﺣ ًﻔا َﻋ ِر ْي َﻘ ًة مُﺣْ َت َو َيا ُتﻪُ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺃﺣْ َت ِر ُم َرج ًُﻼ َباﺫ ًِﻻ َما َل ُﻪ ﻓِﻲ َﻋمْ ِﻝ ْال َﺧي ِْر‪.‬‬

‫‪٥٩‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺪ ْر ُس اﻟ َّﺜﺎﻟ ُ‬
‫ِﺚ‪ :‬اﻟ َّﺘ ْﻌ ِﺒ ْﻴ ُﺮ‬ ‫َّ‬

‫ﺸﻔَ ِﻬ ﱡﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ ﱠﻭ ًﻻ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﱠ ْﻌﺒِ ْﻴ ُﺮ ﺍﻟ ﱠ‬

‫ِﻙ َومُدَ رﱢ ﺳِ َﻙ‪ِ ،‬بلُ َﻐ ٍة َﺳلِ ْي َم ٍة َو ُم َت َر ِاب َطةٍ‪ ،‬م َُع ﱢز ًزا‬ ‫ار ال ﱠتالِ َي َة َم َﻊ ُز َم َﻼﺋ َ‬ ‫ِﺵ ْاﻷَ ْﻓ َﻛ َ‬ ‫َناﻗ ِ‬
‫ﻅ َها‪:‬‬‫َﻛ َﻼ َم َﻙ ِب ْاﻷمْ ِث َل ِة الﱠتِﻲ َتﺣْ َﻔ ُ‬
‫ﺻاﺣ ِِبﻪِ‪َ ،‬و ِب ِﻪ َيﺳْ مُو َو َيرْ َتﻘِﻲ ﻓِﻲ ْال َﺣ َيا ِة َو ْالمُجْ َت َم ِﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺱ َ‬ ‫‪ْ -١‬الع ِْل ُم َتا ٌﺝ َي ِزيْﻥُ َر ْﺃ َ‬
‫‪ْ -2‬ال َﻔرْ ُق َبي َْﻥ ْالع ِْلم َو ْال َجه ِْﻝ َﻛ ْال َﻔرْ ِق َبي َْﻥ ال ﱡن ْور َو ﱠ‬
‫الﻅ َﻼ ِم‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺏ العِل ِم‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱡ‬
‫او ﱠي ِة َتﺣُﺙ َﻋ َلﻰ ط َل ِ‬ ‫اﻥ ال ﱠﺳ َم ِ‬‫‪ُ -۳‬ﻛ ﱡﻝ ْاﻷ ْد َي ِ‬
‫ْﻥ‪.‬‬‫‪ْ -4‬الع ِْل ُم ﺳِ َﻼ ٌﺡ ُﺫو َﺣ ﱠدي ِ‬
‫ﻅ‪َ ،‬والرﱠ ِاب ُﻊ‬ ‫ِﺙ ْال ِﺣ ْﻔ ُ‬ ‫الثانِﻲ ْاﻻﺳْ ِت َماﻉُ‪َ ،‬و ﱠ‬
‫الثال ُ‬ ‫ْﺕ‪َ ،‬و ﱠ‬ ‫ﺻم ُ‬ ‫‪َ -٥‬ﻗا َﻝ ْاﻷَﺻْ َمعِﻲﱡ ‪ :‬ﺃَوﱠ ُﻝ ْالع ِْل ِم ال ﱠ‬
‫ْال َع َمﻝُ‪َ ،‬و ْال َﺧامِﺱُ َن ْﺷ ُرﻩُ‪.‬‬
‫اﺱ ﺃَ ْﻛ َث َر يُﺳْ رً ا َو َت َﻘ ﱡدمًا؛ ِب َﻔﺿْ ِﻝ َما‬ ‫ﺻ ِﻐي َْر ًة‪َ ،‬و َج َع َﻝ َﺣ َيا َة ال ﱠن ِ‬ ‫‪ْ -٦‬الع ِْل ُم َج َع َﻝ ْال َعا َل َم َﻗرْ َي ًة َ‬
‫اﺻ َﻼﺕٍ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻝ َوم َُو َ‬ ‫ﺻ ٍ‬ ‫اﺧ َت َر َﻋ ُﻪ ِمﻥْ ﺃَجْ ِه َز ٍة َﺣ ِد ْي َث ٍة َو َو َﺳا ِﺋ َﻝ ا ﱢت َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ار ِم ْاﻷَ ْﺧ َﻼ ِق‪ ،‬ﺇِ ْﺫ َﻗا َﻝ ال ﱠﺷاﻋِ رُ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺻا ِﺣ ُب ُﻪ ِب َم َﻛ ِ‬ ‫‪ْ -۷‬الع ِْل ُم َوﺣْ دَ ﻩُ َﻻ َي ْﻛﻔِﻲ َما َل ْم ُي َتوﱠ ﺝْ َ‬
‫ﺏ‬‫ﺇِﻥﱠ ْال َي ِت ْي َم َي ِت ْي ُم ْالع ِْل ِم َو ْاﻷَدَ ِ‬ ‫ْﺱ ْال َي ِت ْي ُم الﱠﺫِﻱ َﻗ ْد َم َ‬
‫اﺕ َوالِ ُدﻩُ‬ ‫َلي َ‬
‫اﻥ لِعُمْ َل ٍة َواﺣِدَ ةٍ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ْ -۸‬الع ِْل ُم َو ْال َع َم ُﻝ َوجْ َه ِ‬

‫ﺛَﺎﻧِﻴًﺎ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﱠ ْﻌﺒِ ْﻴ ُﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﱠ ْﺤ ِﺮ ْﻳ ِﺮ ﱡ‬

‫ﻱ‪:‬‬

‫َﻗا َﻝ ال ﱠﺷاﻋِ رُ‪:‬‬

‫ْﺕ ْالع ﱢِز َو ْال َﻛ َر ِم‬‫َو ْال َج ْه ُﻝ َي ْه ِد ُم َبي َ‬ ‫ْالع ِْل ُم َي ْبنِﻲ ُبي ُْو ًتا َﻻ ﻋِ َمادَ َل َها‬
‫َوﺿﱢﺢْ َﻗ ْو َﻝ ال ﱠﺷاﻋِ ِر ُم َب ﱢي ًنا ﺃَﻥﱠ ﺃَ َه ﱢم َي َة ْالع ِْل ِم َﻻ َت ْﻘ َتﺻِ ُر َﻋ َلﻰ َﻛ ْو ِن ِﻪ َن َجا ًة َو َت َﺧلﱡﺻًا م َِﻥ‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ط َوا ِ‬‫ْال َجه ِْﻝ‪َ ،‬ب ْﻝ ه َُو ْاﻷَ َﺳاﺱُ ﻓِﻲ ِب َنا ِء َﺷ ْﺧﺻِ ﱠي ِة ْال َﻔرْ دِ‪َ ،‬وﺧ ِْد َم ِة ْالمُجْ َت َمﻊ‪ ،‬م َُراﻋِ يًا ُﺧ ُ‬
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‫ﺏ م َِﻥ ْاﻷَ ْﺧ َطا ِء ْاﻹِم َْﻼ ِﺋ ﱠي ِة َوال ﱠنﺣْ ِو ﱠيةِ‪.‬‬ ‫ِﻛ َتا َب ِة ال ﱠتعْ ِبيْر‪َ ،‬و َﺳ َﻼ َم َة ْاﻷُﺳْ لُ ْو ِ‬

‫‪٦٠‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺮا ِﺑ ُﻊ‪ :‬اﻷ َد ُب‬
‫اﻟﺪ ْر ُس َّ‬
‫َّ‬

‫ﺸ ْﻌ ُﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﱠ ْﻌﻠِ ْﻴ ِﻤ ﱡﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟ ﱢ‬

‫اﻉ ال ﱢﺷعْ ِر‪ ،‬ي َُع ﱢب ُر َﻋﻥْ ﻋِ ْل ٍم م َِﻥ ْال ُعلُ ْو ِم ِب َط ِر ْي َﻘ ٍة ﺷِ عْ ِر ﱠيةٍ‪ِ ،‬ب َﻘﺻْ ِد َت ْيﺳِ ي ِْر‬ ‫َ‬
‫ه َُو َن ْو ٌﻉ ِمﻥْ ﺃ ْن َو ِ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫اﺱ‪َ ،‬و َي ْﺷ َت ِم ُﻝ َﻋ َلﻰ ْال َمﺿْ مُو َنا ِ‬ ‫الﺫاﻛ َِرةِ‪َ ،‬و َي ْهدِﻑُ ﺇ َلﻰ َتعْ لِي ِْم ال ﱠن ِ‬ ‫َتعْ لِ ْي ِم ِﻪ َو ِﺣ ْﻔﻅِ ِﻪ ﻓِﻲ ﱠ‬
‫ْﻥ َمالِﻙٍ ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠنﺣْ ِو‪َ ،‬و َﻏي ِْر َها‬ ‫ْاﻷَ ْﺧ َﻼ ِﻗ ﱠيةِ‪ ،‬ﺃَ ِو ال ﱢد ْي ِن ﱠيةِ‪ ،‬ﺃَ ِو ْال َﻔ َل َﺳ ِﻔ ﱠيةِ‪ ،‬ﺃَ ِو ال ﱠتعْ لِ ْي ِم ﱠيةِ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫ﻛﺄل ِﻔ ﱠي ِة اب ِ‬
‫اﻝ ْاﻷَ ْﻓ َرا ِد‬ ‫ﺿ َو ِاب َط َها‪َ ،‬وه َُو َما َي ُد ﱡﻝ َﻋ َلﻰ ﺇ ْﻗ َب ِ‬ ‫ﺿا َيا ال ُعلُ ْو ِم َو ْالﻔُ ُن ْو ِﻥ َو َ‬ ‫ِممﱠا َيجْ َم ُﻊ َﻗ َ‬
‫ﺕ َﻋ َلﻰ ْالع ِْل ِم وال ﱠت َﺣﺻِ يْﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻋا ِ‬‫َو ْال َج َم َ‬
‫ِﺹ ال ﱢﺷعْ ِر‬ ‫ﺻاﺋ ِ‬‫اﻝ ِمﻥْ َﺧ َ‬ ‫ارﺳِ ي َْﻥ ﺃَﻥﱠ َه َﺫا اللﱠ ْو َﻥ م َِﻥ ال ﱢﺷعْ ِر َﺧ ٍ‬ ‫َو َي َرﻯ َﻛ ِث ْي ٌر م َِﻥ ال ﱠد ِ‬
‫ْﺱ‬ ‫اﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓهو َلي َ‬ ‫ار ِﻩ ﺇ َلﻰ َﻋ َناﺻِ ِر ال ﱢﺷعْ ِر ْالم ُِهمّة َﻛ ْال َع َواطِ ﻑِ ‪َ ،‬و ْال َﺧ َي ِ‬ ‫ْال َﻔ ﱢن ﱠيةِ؛ َو َﺫل َِﻙ ِﻻ ْﻓ ِت َﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺄﻛ َث َر مِﻥ َﻛ َﻼم َم ْو ُز ْو ٍﻥ ُم َﻘ ﱠﻔﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫ِب ْ‬
‫ﺕ َه َﺫا ال ﱢﺷعْ ِر‪:‬‬ ‫َو ِمﻥْ ﺳِ َما ِ‬
‫اﻝ ْال َعاطِ ﻔِﻲﱢ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ْ -١‬البُعْ ُد م َِﻥ ْاﻻ ْنﻔ َِع ِ‬
‫ﺏ ال ﱢﺷعْ ِرﻱﱢ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ْ -2‬ال ِع َنا َي ُة ِب ْاﻷُﺳْ لُ ْو ِ‬
‫ارةِ؛ لِ َتﺳْ ِهي ِْﻝ ِﺣ ْﻔﻅِ ﻪِ‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ -۳‬ت ْﻛ ِثيْﻑُ ْال ِع َب َ‬
‫‪َ -4‬ت َنوﱡ ُﻉ َم ْوﺿ ُْو َﻋا ِتﻪِ‪.‬‬
‫الﻅ َواه ِِر ْال َج ِديْدَ ِة ﻓِﻲ ال ﱢﺷعْ ِر ْال َع َربﻲﱢ َﻅ َه َر ﻓِﻲ ْال َعﺻْ ِر‬ ‫َوال ﱢﺷع ُر ال ﱠتعل ْيمِﻲﱡ م َِﻥ ﱠ‬
‫الث َﻘا َﻓ ِة ْال َع َر ِب ﱠيةِ‪ِ ،‬ب َتﺄْ ِثي ِْر َت َطوﱡ ِر ْال َﺣ َيا ِة ال ﱢﺳيَاﺳِ ﱠي ِة َواﻻجْ ِتمَاﻋِ ﱠيةِ‪،‬‬ ‫ْال َعبﱠاﺳِ ﻲﱢ ‪ ،‬لِ َت َطوﱡ ر ﱠ‬
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‫ﺕ ْاﻷ ْﺧ َرﻯ‪َ ،‬و َترْ َج َم ِة‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ارا ِ‬ ‫ﺿ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫الث َﻘا َﻓ ِة ْاﻷجْ َن ِب ﱠي ِة ال ﱠنات ِِج َﻋ ِﻥ ْاﻻﺣْ ِت َﻛاﻙِ ِب ْال َﺣ َ‬ ‫اﻻط َﻼﻉ َﻋ َلﻰ ﱠ‬ ‫َو ﱢ‬
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‫ُ‬
‫اﺱ‪َ ،‬و َتﺳْ ِه ْي َﻝ‬ ‫ﺕ َﻏا َي ُت َها ْاﻷ ْو َلﻰ َن ْﺷ َر ْال ُعلُ ْو ِم َو ْالﻔُ ُن ْو ِﻥ َبي َْﻥ ال ﱠن ِ‬ ‫ُﻋلُ ْو ِم َها َوﺁدَ ِاب َها‪َ ،‬و َﻛا َن ْ‬
‫ﺏ ْالع ِْل ِم‪.‬‬ ‫ط ﱠﻼ ِ‬ ‫ِﺣ ْﻔﻅ ِْال ُم ُت ْو ِﻥ ْالع ِْل ِم ﱠي ِة َﻋ َلﻰ ُ‬
‫ﺕ ﺃَمْرً ا َراﺳِ ًﺧا ﻓِﻲ ْال ُعﺻ ُِو ِر ْال ُم َتﺄ َ ﱢﺧ َرةِ‪،‬‬ ‫ار ْ‬ ‫ﺻ َ‬ ‫الﻅاه َِرةُ َﺣ ﱠتﻰ َ‬ ‫ﺕ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ﱠ‬ ‫َو َﻗ ِد ا ﱠت َﺳ َع ْ‬
‫ْﺙ ا ْندَ َﻓ َﻊ ال ﱡﺷ َع َرا ُء‬ ‫اﻙ‪َ ،‬و َلمﱠا َﻅ َه َر ال ﱢﺷعْ ُر ْال َﺣ ِدي ُ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺇ َلﻰ ُﻛ ﱢﻝ ْال ُعلُ ْو ِم ْال َمعْ ر ُْو َﻓ ِة ﺁ َن َﺫ َ‬ ‫ﺻ َل ْ‬ ‫َو َو َ‬
‫اوﻱﱡ َوا ِﺣ ًدا م َِﻥ ال ﱡﺷ َع َرا ِء الﱠ ِﺫي َْﻥ‬ ‫لِم َُوا َﻛ َب ِة ْالع ِْل ِم َو َﺣ َﻘا ِﺋ ِﻘ ِﻪ َو ُم ْن َج َزا ِت ِﻪ ﻓِﻲ ﺷِ عْ ِر ِه ْم‪َ ،‬وي َُع ﱡد ﱠ‬
‫الز َه ِ‬
‫الﺣد ْيﺙِ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ ْال َع َر ِبﻲﱢ َ‬ ‫َن َهﺿُوا ِب َه َﺫا ال ﱢﺷعْ ِر‪َ ،‬ﺣ ﱠتﻰ َتﺻِ ﱠﺢ َتﺳْ ِم َي ُت ُﻪ ِب َرا ِﺋ ِد ال ﱢﺷعْ ِر ال ﱠتعْ لِ ْيمِﻲﱢ ﻓِﻲ ْاﻷَدَ ِ‬

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 ‫ﺻ ْﺪﻗِﻲ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺰ َﻫ ﱡ‬
‫ﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫َﺟ ِﻤ ْﻴ ُﻞ ِ‬

‫وُ لِدَ ﻓِﻲ َب ْﻐدَ ادَ َﻋا َم ‪١۸٦۳‬م‪َ ،‬و َن َﺷﺄ َ ِﻓ ْي َها‪َ ،‬و َت َل ﱠﻘﻰ ُﻋلُ ْو َم ُﻪ‬
‫اﻥ َن ِاب ًﻐا ﻓِﻲ اللﱡ َﻐ ِة ْال َع َر ِب ﱠيةِ‪َ ،‬م ْﺷ ُﻐ ْو ًﻓا‬ ‫اﻷ ُ ْو َلﻰ َﻋ َلﻰ َي ِد َوالِ ِدﻩِ‪َ ،‬و َﻛ َ‬
‫ِب ْاﻻ ﱢط َﻼ ِﻉ َﻋ َلﻰ ُﻛ ﱢﻝ َج ِد ْيدٍ‪ُ .‬ﻋي َﱢﻥ مُدَ رﱢ ﺳًا ﻓِﻲ َم ْد َر َﺳ ِة ال ﱡﺳ َل ْي َما ِن ﱠي ِة‬
‫اﻥ ﻋُمْ ُرﻩُ َﻻ َي َت َج َاو ُز ﱠ‬
‫الثا ِن َي َة َو ْال ِع ْﺷ ِري َْﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻋا َم ‪١۸۸٥‬م‪َ ،‬و َﻛ َ‬
‫اﻷدَ ِب ﱠي ِة َو ْالع ِْل ِم ﱠي ِة ْالم ُْﺧ َتلِ َﻔةِ‪َ ،‬و ِمﻥْ دَ َواو ْي ِن ِﻪ ال ﱢﺷعْ ِر ﱠيةِ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺕ ْْ‬‫اوﻱﱡ ﻓِﻲ ْال َم َج َاﻻ ِ‬ ‫َن َب َﻎ ﱠ‬
‫الز َه ِ‬
‫اﺕ ﻋِ ْل ِمي ٌﱠة‪ْ :‬‬
‫)ال َجاﺫ ِِب ﱠي ُة‬ ‫ﱠاﺕ‪َ ،‬واللﱡ َباﺏُ ‪َ ،‬و ْاﻷَ ْو َﺷاﻝُ(‪َ .‬و َل ُﻪ م َُﺅلﱠ َﻔ ٌ‬ ‫ﻅ ْو ُم‪َ ،‬والرﱡ بَاﻋِ ي ُ‬ ‫)ال َﻛلِ ُم ْال َم ْن ُ‬
‫ْ‬
‫اوﻱﱢ َم َواﻗِﻑُ اجْ ِتمَاﻋِ ي ٌﱠة‪َ ،‬و َﻻﺳِ ﱠي َما‬ ‫للز َه ِ‬‫(‪.‬و ﱠ‬ ‫)الﻅ َوا ِه ُر ْال َﻔ َل ِﻛ ﱠي ُة ﱠ‬
‫الط ِب ْي ِع ﱠي ُة َ‬ ‫َو َتعْ لِ ْيلُ َها(‪َ ،‬و ﱠ‬
‫ﺻا ِﺋ ِد ِﻩ َﻋ ِﻥ الﺿ َﱡع َﻔا ِء َو ْال َمﺣْ ر ُْو ِمي َْﻥ ِمﻥْ ﺃَ ْب َنا ِء ِج ْلدَ ِتﻪِ‪َ ،‬و ِمﻥْ َب ْين ِِهم ْال َمرْ ﺃَةُ؛ ﺇِ ْﺫ‬ ‫اﻋ ُﻪ ِب َﻘ َ‬ ‫ِد َﻓ َ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫الﻅ ْل ِم‪َ ،‬وال ﱠت َﺣرﱡ ِر ِمﻥْ َث َﻘا َﻓا ٍ‬ ‫بالث ْو َر ِة َﻋ َلﻰ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺻا ِﺋ ِد الﱠتِﻲ ُت َطالِﺏُ ْال َمرْ ﺃَ َة ﱠ‬ ‫َن َﻅ َم َﻛ ِثيْرً ا ِمﻥْ ْال َﻘ َ‬
‫َِﻗ ِد ْي َم ٍة ُت َﻘ ﱢي ُد ﺣُرﱠ ْي َت َها َو َت ِﺣ ﱡد ِمﻥْ ا ْن َط َﻼ َﻗ ِت َها َنﺣْ َو مُﺳْ َت ْﻘ َب ٍﻝ َواﻋِ دٍ‪َ ،‬و َﻅ ﱠﻝ َث ِاب ًتا ﻓِﻲ َم َوا ِﻗ ِﻔ ِﻪ‬
‫َﺣ ﱠتﻰ َو َﻓا َت ِﻪ ﻓِﻲ َب ْﻐدَ ادَ َﻋا َم ‪١۹۳٦‬م‪.‬‬
‫ِﻞ( ِﻟﻠ ِْﺤ ْﻔ ِﻆ )‪َ ٧‬أ ْﺑ َﻴ ٍ‬
‫ﺎت(‬ ‫ﺎﺣ ُﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻌﻘ ِ‬ ‫)ﺳ َﻴ َ‬‫ﺪة ِ‬ ‫َﻗ ِﺼ ْﻴ ُ‬
‫ﺍﻷ ْﺑﻌَـــــﺎ ُﺩ َﺣــــ ﱠﺪﺍ‬ ‫ـــــﻼ َﻭ َﻻ َْْ‬‫َﻛ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻷ ْﺟــــ َﺮﺍ ُﻡ َﻋــــــــ ﱠﺪﺍ‬ ‫َﻞ َْ‬ ‫َﻻ َﺗ ْ‬
‫ــﻘﺒ ُ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻟَــــ ْﻢ ﻳ َْﺄ ُﻝ ُﺟ ْ‬
‫ـــﻬ َﺪﺍ‬ ‫ــﻬﺎ َﻭ ْ‬ ‫َﻋ ْﻨ َ‬ ‫ـﻊ َﺧـــــﺎ ِﺋﺒًــــﺎ‬ ‫َﻘ ُﻞ ﻳ ْ‬
‫َــــﺮ ِﺟ ُ‬ ‫ْﺍﻟـــﻌ ْ‬
‫ــــــﻮﺍﻟِــــ َﻢ ُﻓ ْﻘ َﻦ َﻋــــــ ﱠﺪﺍ‬
‫ﺇِﱠﻻ َﻋ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ـــــــﻦ‬ ‫ﺇِ ﱠﻥ ْﺍﻟـــ َﻤ َﺠ ﱠﺮ َﺓ ﻟَــــــ ْﻢ َﺗ ُﻜ‬
‫ﺱ َﺑ ُﻌ ْﺪ َﻥ ِﺟـ ّﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﱡ‬
‫ﺍﻟـــﺸ ُﻤ ْﻮ ُ‬ ‫ُﻫ ﱠ‬
‫ــــﻦ‬ ‫ْﻬـــــﺎ ْﺃﻧــــــﺠ ٌﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟـــﺴ ْﺤ ُﺐ ﻓﻴ َ‬‫ﱡ‬
‫ﺍﺣـــــــ ٌﺪ َﻋ ْﻨ َﻬــــﺎ ََﻷ ْﻭ َﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻟَ َﻒ َﻭ ِ‬ ‫ﻟـــــﻮ َﺗ َﺨﻠــــْـ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ـــﺠﺎ ِﺫﺑ ٌ‬
‫َــــﺎﺕ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺘ َ‬
‫َﻛــــــ ﱢﺮ ﺍﻟ ﱡﺪ ُﻫ ْﻮ ِﺭ َﺟ ُﻤ ْﺪ َﻥ ﺑ ْ‬
‫َــــﺮ َﺩﺍ‬ ‫ـــــﺎﻙ ﺃَ ْﺟــــــ َﺮﺍ ٌﻡ َﻋــﻠَــﻰ‬‫َﻭ ُﻫ َﻨ َ‬
‫ـــــﻘ ِﺪ ْﻳ َﻤ َﺔ ﺃَ ْﻭ ﺃَ َﺷ ﱠﺪﺍ‬
‫َﺭ َﺗ َﻬـــــــﺎ ْﺍﻟ َ‬ ‫َﺳــــ ُﺘ ِﻌ ْﻴ ُﺪ ﻳَﻮ ًﻣــــﺎ َﻣــــﺎ َﺣــ َﺮﺍ‬
‫ـــ َﺰ ُﻡ ﺃُ َﱠﻣﻬـَـــﺎ َﺟ ْﺮﻳًــﺎ َﻭ ُﺗ ْﺤــ َﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺲ َﺗ ْﻠـ‬‫ــﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟــﺸ ْ‬‫ـﺖ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺽ ِﺑ ْﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻷ ْﺭ ُ‬‫َﻭ َْ‬
‫ــــﺎﻟ َﺠ ْﺬ ِﺏ َﺷــ ﱠﺪﺍ‬
‫َﻣ ْﺸــــــ ُﺪ ْﻭ َﺩ ًﺓ ﺑ ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫َﻭﺗــَ ُﺪ ْﻭ ُﺭ ِﻓـــﻲ ﺃَ ْﻃــــ َﺮﺍ ِﻓ َﻬـــــﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟــــﺴﻌْﻲ ُﺭ ْﺷ َﺪﺍ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫َﻣـــﻠَ َﻜ ْﺖ ِﺑ َﻬ َﺬﺍ‬ ‫ـــــﺠ ْﺬ ِﺏ َﻣــــﺎ‬
‫ْﻞ ْﺍﻟ َ‬ ‫ــــﻮ َﻻ َﺩ ِﻟﻴ ُ‬
‫ﻟَ ْ‬
‫ﺻ ْﻠ َﺪﺍ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﺻــــﺎ َﺩ َﻣ ْﺖ‬ ‫َﻭﻳْــــﻠِﻲ ﻟَ َ‬
‫ﺍﻡ َ‬‫ـــﺮ ًﻣـــﺎ ِﻣ َﻦ ﺍﻷ ْﺟــ َﺮ ِ‬ ‫ُﺟ ْ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ َ‬ ‫ـــﻬﺎ ْ‬
‫ــــﺎﻥ ﻟَ ْ‬
‫ـــﺤ َﺪﺍ‬ ‫ـــــﻮ ُﻥ ِﻟ ْﻺ ْﻧ َﺴ ِ‬ ‫َﻭ َﺗ ُﻜ ْ‬ ‫ُـــــــﻬﻠَ ُﻚ ﺃَ ْﻫﻠُ َﻬــــﺎ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َﻓ ُﻬ َﻨ َ‬
‫ـــــﺎﻙ ﻳ‬

‫‪٦٢‬‬
 ‫َﻣ َﻌﺎﻧِﻲ ﺍ ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻔ َﺮ َﺩﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺕ‬

‫َل ْم َيﺄْ ُﻝ ُج ْه ًدا‪َ :‬ل ْم ُي َﻘﺻﱢرْ ﻓِﻲ َب ْﺫ ِﻝ ْال ُج ْهدِ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓُ ْﻘ َﻥ‪ِ :‬ز ْد َﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ُتﺣْ دَ ﻯ‪ُ :‬ت َﺳ ُ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َﻷَ ْودَ ﻯ‪َ :‬ل َه َل َﻙ‪.‬‬
‫اق‪.‬‬ ‫ْام‪.‬‬‫ُور‪َ :‬ﻋ َلﻰ َمدَ ﻯ اﻷي ِ‬ ‫ﻛرﱠ ال ﱡده ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﱠ ْﺤﻠِ ْﻴ ُﻞ‬

‫اﺣ ُة ْال َع ْﻘ ِﻝ( ﺃ ُ ْنم ُْو َﺫجً ا لِل ﱢﺷعْ ِر ال ﱠتعْ لِ ْيمِﻲ ﻓِﻲ ْال َعﺻْ ِر ْال َﺣ ِد ْيﺙِ؛ ﺇِ ْﺫ‬ ‫ُت َع ﱡد َﻗﺻِ يْدَ ةُ )ﺳِ َي َ‬
‫اوﻱﱢ ‪،‬‬ ‫الز َه ِ‬ ‫ﺙ َلدَ ﻯ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺕ َﻋﻥْ َﺷ َﻐﻑِ ْال َبﺣْ ِ‬ ‫ﺻوﱠ َرﺕ ْال َﻛ ْو َﻥ ِب َما ِﻓ ْي ِﻪ ِمﻥْ ﺃَ ِثي ٍْر َو َجاﺫ ِِب ﱠيةٍ‪َ ،‬و َﻋب َﱠر ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫َوﺃَﺣْ َﻛا ِم ِﻪ ْال َﻘا ِﺋ َم ِة َﻋ َلﻰ ال ﱠتجْ ِر َب ِة ﻓِﻲ ﺃَﻥﱠ ْاﻹﻋْ َيا َء ِن َها َي ُة َم َطاﻑِ الﺳﱠاﺋ ِِﺢ الﱠﺫِﻱ َﻻ ينا ُﻝ ِمﻥْ‬
‫ﻛ ﱢﻝ َما ﺁم َﻝ ت ْﻔ ِﻛيْرﻩُ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻوﱡ ُر َها َو َﻋ ﱡد َها‪،‬‬ ‫ُﺏ َت َ‬ ‫ﺻوﱢ ُر َﺳ َع َة ْاﻷَجْ َر ِام‪َ ،‬و َت َع ﱡددَ ْاﻷَب َْعادِ‪َ ،‬ﺣ ﱠتﻰ َيﺻْ ع َ‬ ‫َﻓال َﻘﺻِ يْدةُ ُت َ‬
‫ﺻا َء‪ ،‬ﺃَمﱠا َما َن َراﻩُ ِمﻥْ‬ ‫ﺏ ُت َم ﱢث ُﻝ َﻋ َوالِ َم َﻛ ِثيْر ًة ج ًّدا َيﻔُ ْو ُق َﻋدَ ُد َها ْاﻹﺣْ َ‬ ‫اﺕ ْال َﻛ َوا ِﻛ ِ‬‫َﻓ َم َجرﱠ ُ‬
‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﺕ َه َﻛ َﺫا ت ِْل َ‬ ‫ﺷمُوﺱٌ ‪َ ،‬و َلﻛِﻥﱠ َم َواﻗ َِع َها َب ِعيْدَ ةٌ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َبدَ ْ‬ ‫ِﻲ ﱠﺇﻻ ﺃَ ْن ُج ٌم َﻛ ِبي َْرةٌ‪ ،‬ﺃَﻱْ ُ‬ ‫ُﺳ ُﺣﺏٍ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َما ه َ‬
‫ﺕ‪َ ،‬ﻛ َما ﺃَﻥﱠ َب ْي َن َها‬ ‫ﺿ َها َبعْ ﺿًا‪َ ،‬ل ْو َﺧ َر َﺝ ِم ْن َها َنجْ ٌم َﻻﺣْ َت َر َق ﺃَ ْو َت َﺷ ﱠت َ‬ ‫ْاﻷَ ْن ُج ُم َتجْ ﺫِﺏُ َبعْ ُ‬
‫ار َت َها ﺃَ ْو ُتﺻْ ِب ُﺢ ﺃَ ْﻛ َثر ِد ْﻓ ًﺋا‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ ُم ْن ُﺫ ْال َﻘ ِدي ِْم‪َ ،‬و َل ِﻛ ﱠن َها َﺳ َتﺳْ َت ِر ﱡد َﺣ َر َ‬ ‫ِﺏ ﺃ ُ َﺧ َر َت َجمﱠدَ ْ‬‫َﻛ َواﻛ َ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َﻓﺿْ ًﻼ َﻋﻥْ َﺫل َِﻙ‪َ ،‬ت َﺣ ﱠد َث ْ‬
‫او ﱠيةِ‪َ ،‬و َت َﺣرﱡ ﻙِ‬ ‫ﺽ ْاﻷجْ َر ِام ال ﱠﺳ َم ِ‬ ‫ﺕ َﻋ ِﻥ ا ْنعِدَ ِام ْال َﺣ َيا ِة َﻋ َلﻰ َبعْ ِ‬
‫ﺽ ِبجُرْ ٍم‬ ‫ﺻا ُد ِم ْاﻷَرْ ِ‬ ‫ط ْو َر ِة َت َ‬ ‫مْﺱ‪َ ،‬و ُﺧ ُ‬‫ﺽ َﺣ ْو َﻝ ال ﱠﺷ ِ‬ ‫اﻥ ْاﻷَرْ ِ‬ ‫ال ﱡنج ُْو ِم َو َت َج ُاﺫ ِب َها‪َ ،‬ودَ َو َر ِ‬
‫م َِﻥ ْاﻷَجْ َر ِام‪.‬‬
‫اوﻱﱢ ﻓِﻲ ِﻛ َتا َب ِة ْال َﻘﺻِ يْدَ ِة ْالع ِْل ِم ﱠي ِة ْال َﻘا ِﺋ َم ِة‬ ‫الز َه ِ‬‫ﺏ ﱠ‬ ‫َو ْال َﻘﺻِ يْدَ ةُ – َبعْ ُد‪ُ -‬ت َع ﱢب ُر َﻋﻥْ ﺃُﺳْ لُ ْو ِ‬
‫ﺕ ْالع ِْل ِم ﱢي ِة ْالم ُْو ُث ْو َﻗ ِة الﱠتِﻲ ُت َﺅ ﱢﻛ ُد ُﻋلُوﱠ َﻗدَ ِم ِﻪ‬ ‫اﺡ‪َ ،‬و َﺣ ْﺷ ِد ْال َمعْ لُ ْو َما ِ‬ ‫ْﺿ ِ‬ ‫َﻋ َلﻰ ال ﱡﺳه ُْو َل ِة َو ْاﻹي َ‬
‫ﻓِﻲ ِﻛ َتا َب ِة ال ﱢﺷعْ ِر ال ﱠتعْ لِ ْيمِﻲﱢ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺌِﻠَﺔُ ﺍ ْﻟ ُﻤﻨَﺎﻗَ َ‬
‫ﺸ ِﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃَ ْ‬
‫اﻥ ال ﱠﺷاﻋِ ُر َﺫا َث َﻘا َﻓ ٍة ﻋِ ْل ِم ّيةٍ‪ُ ،‬د ﱠﻝ َﻋ َلﻰ َﺫل َِﻙ ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ -١‬ﻛ َ‬
‫عر ال ﱠتعْ لِ ْيمِﻲﱢ ؟ و َما ﺃَ َه ﱡم ﺳِ َما ِتﻪِ؟‬
‫‪َ -2‬ما ْال َم ْﻘﺻ ُْو ُد بال ﱢﺷ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ْال َع َربﻲﱢ ؟‬ ‫ﻅه ُْو َر ال ﱢﺷعْ ِر ال ﱠتعْ ل ْيمِﻲﱢ ﻓِﻲ ْاﻷَدَ ِ‬ ‫‪ِ -۳‬ب َم ُت َعلﱢ ُﻝ ُ‬
‫ﺃﻛ َث َر مِﻥ َﻛ َﻼم َم ْو ُز ْو ٍﻥ ُم َﻘ ﱠﻔﻰ‪ .‬لِ َم َاﺫا؟‬ ‫ارﺳِ ي َْﻥ ﺃَﻥﱠ ال ﱢﺷعْ َر ال ﱠتعْ لِ ْيمِﻲﱠ َلي َ‬
‫ْﺱ ْ‬ ‫‪َ -4‬ي َرﻯ َﻛ ِث ْي ٌر م َِﻥ ال ﱠد ِ‬
‫‪َ -٥‬ه ْﻝ َﻻ َﺣ ْﻅ َ‬
‫ﺕ ﺃَﻥﱠ ْال َﻘﺻِ يْدَ َة َﻗ ِد ا ْﻓ َت َﻘ َر ْ‬
‫ﺕ ﺇ َلﻰ الﺻ َﱡو ِر ال ﱢﺷعْ ِر ﱠي ِة َو ْال َم َﺷاﻋِ ِر‪َ ،‬ما َﺳ َبﺏُ َﺫل َِﻙ؟‬

‫‪٦٣‬‬
 ‫ْﺍﻟ َﻮ ْﺣ َﺪ ُﺓ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺮ ِﺍﺑﻌَﺔ َﻋ ْﺸ َﺮ َﺓ‬
‫ْﺍﻟ ِﺤ َﻮﺍ ُﺭ ﺃَ َﻫ ﱠﻤﻴ ُﺘ ُﻪ َﻭﺁ َﺩﺍ ُﺑ ُﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﱠ ْﻤ ِﻬ ْﻴ ُﺪ‬

‫ﺱ ﺃَ ْو َﻻ ِد َنا ُم ْن ُﺫ الﺻ َﱢﻐ ِر‬ ‫ﺏ الﱠتِﻲ َﻋ َل ْي َنا ﺃﻥْ َن َت َعلﱠ َم َها‪َ ،‬و َﻏرْ ُﺳ َها ﻓِﻲ ُنﻔُ ْو ِ‬ ‫ِمﻥْ ﺃَ َه ﱢم ْاﻵدَ ا ِ‬
‫ﺏ الﱠتِﻲ َﻋ َل ْي َنا‬ ‫او ُر َبعْ ﺿُنا َبعْ ﺿًا هُنا َ َﻙ ُج ْم َل ٌة م َِﻥ ْاﻵدَ ا ِ‬ ‫ار‪َ .‬ﻓ ِع ْندَ َما ي َُﺣ ِ‬‫ِﻲ ﺁدَ اﺏُ ْالﺣ َِو ِ‬ ‫ه َ‬
‫ﺃﻥْ ن َتب َﱠع َها َونﺣْ َت ِر َم َها؛ َﺣ ﱠتﻰ َي ُﻛ ْو َﻥ ْالﺣ َِوا ُر َها ِد ًﻓا َو ُم ِﻔ ْي ًدا‪َ .‬و َﻗ ْد َﺧ َل َق ﷲُ ُﺳب َْﺣا َن ُﻪ َو َت َعا َلﻰ‬
‫ﺏ‬‫اﺱ م ُْﺧ َتلِﻔِيﻥ ﻓِﻲ ﺃَ ْل َوان ِِه ْم‪َ ،‬وﺃَجْ ناﺳِ ِهم‪َ ،‬و َﻛ َﺫل َِﻙ ﻓِﻲ َت ْﻔ ِﻛي ِْر ِه ْم‪َ ،‬واﻋْ ِت َﻘادَ ات ِِه ْم؛ َو ِب َﺳ َب ِ‬ ‫ال ﱠن َ‬
‫اﻥ َﻻ ُب ﱠد ِمﻥْ وُ ج ُْو ِد ْالﺣ َِو ِ‬
‫ار َب ْي َن ُه ْم‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ َﻛ َ‬ ‫َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْ‬
‫اﻻﺧت َِﻼ َﻓا ِ‬

‫ﻀ ﱠﻤﻨَﺔُ‬
‫ﺍ ْﻟ َﻤﻔَﺎ ِﻫ ْﻴ ُﻢ ﺍ ْﻟ ُﻤﺘَ َ‬

‫‪َ -‬م َﻔا ِه ْي ُم َترْ َب ِوي ٌﱠة ‪.‬‬

‫‪َ -‬م َﻔا ِه ْي ُم اجْ ِتمَاﻋِ ي ٌﱠة‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬م َﻔا ِه ْي ُم ﺃَدَ ِبي ٌﱠة‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬م َﻔا ِه ْي ُم لُ َﻐ ِوي ٌﱠة‪.‬‬

‫َﻣﺎ ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ﱢ‬
‫ﺺ‬

‫ار ؟‬ ‫‪َ -‬ماﺫا َتعْ ِرﻑُ َﻋﻥْ َمعْ َنﻰ ْالﺣ َِو ِ‬
‫اﺡ ْالمُجْ َت َم ِﻊ ؟‬ ‫ار ْال َع ْﻘلِﻲﱠ ه َُو ﺃَوﱠ ُﻝ ُﺧ ْط َو ٍة ِمﻥْ ُﺧ ُ‬
‫‪َ -‬ه ْﻝ ُتﺅمِﻥُ ﺃَﻥﱠ ْالﺣ َِو َ‬
‫ﺕ َن َج ِ‬
‫طوا ِ‬

‫‪٦٤‬‬
 ‫اﻷو ُل‪ :‬اﻟ ُﻤ َﻄﺎ َﻟ َﻌ ُﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺪ ْر ُس َّ‬
‫َّ‬

‫اﻋﻲ‬ ‫ار ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻬ َّﺬ ُب ُﻟ َﻐ ُﺔ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺠ َﺘ َﻤ ِﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻮ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺤ َﻮ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫اﺹ ِب ُه ُد ْو ٍء َواﺣْ ت َِر ٍام‪َ .‬وه َُو َم ْط َلﺏٌ‬ ‫يُعْ َرﻑُ ْالﺣ َِوا ُر ِبﺄ َ ﱠن ُﻪ ُم َنا َﻗ َﺷ ُة ْال َﻛ َﻼ ِم َبي َْﻥ اﻷَ ْﺷ َﺧ ِ‬
‫اﺻ ُﻝ ْاﻷَ ْﺷ َﺧاﺹُ لِ َت َبا ُد ِﻝ‬ ‫ْﺵ ْال ُم ْﺷ َت َرﻙِ ‪َ .‬ﻓ َعﻥْ َط ِر ْي ِﻘ ِﻪ َي َت َو َ‬ ‫ﺏ ْال َﺣ َيا ِة َو ْال َعي ِ‬ ‫ِمﻥْ َم ْطالِ ِ‬
‫ﻑ م َِﻥ‬ ‫ﻛار َو َﻓ ْه ِم َها‪َ .‬ويُﺳْ َتعْ َم ُﻝ ْالﺣ َِوا ُر ل ِْل َﻛ ْﺷﻑِ َﻋ ِﻥ ْال َﺣ ِﻘ ْي َﻘةِ؛ َﻓ َي ْﻛﺷِ ﻑُ ُﻛ ﱡﻝ َط َر ٍ‬ ‫ْاﻷ ْﻓ ِ‬
‫اوري َْﻥ َما َﺧﻔ َِﻲ َﻋ َلﻰ ﱠ‬
‫اﻵﺧ ِر‬ ‫َ‬ ‫الط َرﻑِ‬ ‫ْال ُم َت َﺣ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺺ‬‫ﻓِﻲ ﺃ ْﺛﻨَﺎ ِء ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫م َِﻥ ْاﻷُم ُْو ِر‪َ ،‬وي َُﺳاﻋِ ُدﻩ َُﻋ َلﻰ َمعْ ِر َﻓ ِة ِوجْ َها ِ‬
‫ﺕ َما جاء ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ‬ ‫َهﻝ َﻻ َﺣ ْﻅ َ‬ ‫اج َة‬ ‫ال ﱠن َﻅ ِر ْالم ُْﺧ َتلِ َﻔ ِة َت َجا َه َها‪َ .‬وه َُو ُي ْﺷ ِب ُﻊ َﺣ َ‬
‫ﻑ َل ْلﺣِوار ِبﺄ ﱠن ُﻪ » ُي ْﺷ ِب ُﻊ‬ ‫ْط ِة ِمﻥْ َوﺻْ ٍ‬ ‫اﻥ ﺇ َلﻰ ال ﱠت َواﺻ ُِﻝ َم َﻊ ْال ِب ْي َﺋ ِة ْال ُم ِﺣي َ‬ ‫اﻹ ْن َﺳ ِ‬
‫اﻥ ﺇ َلﻰ ال ﱠت َواﺻ ُِﻝ َم َﻊ‬ ‫اج َة اﻹ ْن َﺳ ِ‬ ‫اﺝ َم َع َها‪َ .‬و ْالﺣ َِوا ُر َﺣ َ‬ ‫ِبﻪِ‪َ ،‬و َيﺳْ َم ُﺢ َل ُﻪ ِباﻻ ْن ِد َم ِ‬
‫ْط ِة ِبﻪ‪َ ،‬و َيﺳْ َم ُﺢ َل ُﻪ‬ ‫هو َت َعاوُ ﻥٌ َبي َْﻥ ْاﻷ ْط َراﻑِ ْال ُم َت َﺣاو َر ِة ب َهدَ ﻑِ ْال ِب ْي َﺋ ِة ْال ُم ِﺣي َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫اﺝ َم َع َها«؟‬ ‫ِباﻻ ْن ِد َم ِ‬ ‫َمعْ ِر َﻓ ِة ْال َﺣ ِﻘ ْي َﻘ ِة َو ْالوُ ﺻ ُْو ِﻝ ﺇِ َليْها‪.‬‬
‫ْطةِ(؟‬ ‫ـ)ال ِب ْي َﺋ ِة ْال ُم ِﺣي َ‬
‫َما ال َم ْﻘﺻ ُْو ُد ِب ْ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ْال َﻛ ِري ِْم ِب َمعْ َنﻰ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َو َجا َء ْالﺣ َِوا ُر ﻓِﻲ ْالﻘُرْ‬
‫اج ٍة ﺇ َلﻰ‬ ‫َولِ َماﺫا َي ُﻛ ْوﻥُ اﻹ ْن َﺳاﻥُ ِب َﺣ َ‬
‫ار‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْالم َُجادَ َل ِة ِب ْالﺣُﺳْ َنﻰ‪َ .‬و ْال َﻔرْ ُق َبي َْﻥ ْالﺣ َِو‬
‫ﺙ‬ ‫الت َواﺻ ُِﻝ َم َع َها؟ َت َوﺳﱠﻊْ ﻓِﻲ َ‬
‫الﺣ ِد ْي ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ار مِﻥ َْالم َُﺣ َاو َرةِ‪َ ،‬وه َُو‬ ‫اﻝ؛ ﺃﻥﱠ ْالﺣ َِو َ‬ ‫َو ْال ِجدَ ِ‬
‫َﻋﻥْ َﺫل َِﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼم‪ .‬ﺃَمﱠا ْال ِجدَ ا ُﻝ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫اج َع َة ﻓِﻲ ال َﻛ ِ‬ ‫َيعْ نِﻲ ْالم َُر َ‬
‫ار ْال َﺣ ﱢق‪َ .‬و ْال َمعْ ر ُْوﻑُ ﻋِ ْندَ ال ﱠن ِ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َﻓيُﺳْ َتعْ َم ُﻝ لِ َمﻥْ ي َُﺧاﺻِ ُم‪َ ،‬و ُي ْﺷ َﻐ ُﻝ ِب ْال ِجدَ ِ‬
‫اﺱ‬ ‫اﻝ َﻋﻥْ ﺇﻅ َه ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫اﻥ ِن َﻘا ًﺷا َبي َْﻥ َط َر َﻓي ِ َ َ‬ ‫ار َو ْال ِجدَ ا َﻝ ي َُع ﱠد ِ‬ ‫ﺃَﻥﱠ ْالﺣ َِو َ‬
‫ار ﺣُجﱠ ٍة م َُع َي َنةٍ‪ْ ،‬ﺃو‬ ‫ْﻥ ﺃ ْوﺃ ْﻛ َث َر ِب َﻘﺻْ ِد ﺇﻅ َه ِ‬
‫ازﻥُ‬‫اﻥ ﺇ َلﻰ اﻻﺳْ ِت ْﻘﻼلِ ﱠيةِ‪َ ،‬ﻛ َما ي َُو ِ‬ ‫اج َة ْاﻹ ْن َﺳ ِ‬ ‫ﺕ َﺣ ﱟق‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْو َر ﱢد َﻓ َﺳا ٍد ‪َ .‬و ُي َلبﱢﻲ ْالﺣ َِوا ُر َﺣ َ‬ ‫ﺇِ ْث َبا ِ‬
‫ار َﻛ ِة ْاﻵ َﺧ ِري َْﻥ َوال ﱠت َﻔاﻋ ُِﻝ َم َع ُه ْم‪.‬‬ ‫اج ِت ِﻪ ﺇلِﻰ ُم َﺷ َ‬ ‫اج ِة َو َﺣ َ‬ ‫َبي َْﻥ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال َﺣ َ‬
‫ﺳاﻥ‪َ ،‬و ُي َﻘوﱢ ﻱ ْال ِﻘ َي َم َو ْاﻷَ ْﺧ َﻼ َق‬ ‫ﺕ الﱠتِﻲ ُت َوا ِج ُﻪ ْاﻹ ْن َ‬ ‫َو ْالﺣ َِوا ُر ْال َﻔعﱠا ُﻝ ي َُعالِ ُج ْال ُم ْﺷﻛ َِﻼ ِ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺿ ْ‬‫ار‪َ ،‬و َر َﻓ َ‬ ‫اﺏ ْالﺣ َِو ِ‬ ‫ﺕ َب َ‬ ‫ﺕ َﻗ ْد ﺃَ ْﻏ َل َﻘ ْ‬ ‫ارا ِ‬
‫ﺿ َ‬ ‫اراﺕِ؛ َﻓ ْال َﻛ ِث ْي ُر ِمﻥْ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال َﺣ َ‬ ‫ﺿ َ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ ْال َﺣ َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﺕ‬‫ارا ٍ‬ ‫ﺿ َ‬ ‫ار ِج ﱠي ٍة ِمﻥْ َﺣ َ‬ ‫ار َﺧ ِ‬ ‫ار الﺳ ْﱠل ِب ﱠيةِ‪َ ،‬و َتعْ ِد ْي َل َها؛ ِممﱠا ﺃَ ﱠدﻯ ﺇِ َلﻰ مُدَ ا َه َم ِة ﺃ ْﻓ َﻛ ٍ‬ ‫َت ْﻘ ِو ْي َم ْاﻷ ْﻓ َﻛ ِ‬
‫ﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ‪َ ،‬و َﺳ َﻘ َط ْ‬ ‫ﺃ ُ ْﺧ َرﻯ َل َها؛ َو ِمﻥْ َث ﱠم َتدَ هْ َو َر ْ‬

‫‪٦٥‬‬
‫ار ه َُو ﺇِ َﻗا َم ُة ْالﺣُجﱠ ة ِ‪َ ،‬ودَ ْﻓ ُﻊ ال ﱡﺷ ُب َهاﺕِ‪َ ،‬و َب َياﻥُ ْاﻵ َرا ِء‪،‬‬ ‫َو ْال َهدَ ﻑُ ْاﻷﺻْ لِﻲﱡ ِمﻥْ ْالﺣ َِو ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َو َتمْ ِي ْي ُز ْاﻷَ ْﻗ ِ‬
‫ار‪ِ ،‬م ْن َها‪:‬‬ ‫ﺻ ِﺣي َْﺣ ِة م َِﻥ ْالﻔاﺳِ دَ ةِ‪َ .‬وهُنا َ َﻙ ﺃهْ دَ اﻑٌ َﻓرْ ﻋِ ي ٌﱠة ﺃ ْﺧ َرﻯ ل ِْلﺣ َِو ِ‬ ‫واﻝ ال ﱠ‬
‫ﺙ ِمﻥْ ﺃَجْ ِﻝ ْالوُ ﺻ ُْو ِﻝ‬ ‫ﺕ َن َﻅ ِر ْاﻷ ْط َراﻑِ ْاﻷ ُ ْﺧ َرﻯ ت َِجا َﻩ ﺃَم ٍْر م َُعي ٍﱠﻥ‪َ ،‬و ْال َبﺣْ ُ‬ ‫َمعْ ِر َﻓ ُة ِوجْ َها ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﺃ ُ ْﺧ َرﻯ‪َ ،‬وﺇي َْجا ُد َﺣ ﱟﻝ َو َﺳطِ ﻲﱟ يُرْ ﺿِ ﻲ َج ِمي َْﻊ‬ ‫ارا ٍ‬ ‫ﺿ َﻝ؛ ِﻻﺳْ ِتعْ َمالِها ﻓِﻲ ﺣ َِو َ‬ ‫ﺇِلﻰ َنتاَﺋ َِج ﺃَ ْﻓ َ‬
‫اﻝ ﺃَ ِدلﱠ ٍة َواﺿِ َﺣةٍ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺿْ ًﻼ َﻋﻥْ‬ ‫الط َرﻑِ ْاﻵ َﺧ ِر ِباﺳْ ِتعْ َم ِ‬ ‫او َرةِ‪َ ،‬و ِا ْﻗ َنا ُﻉ ﱠ‬ ‫ْاﻷ ْط َراﻑِ ْال ُم َت َﺣ ِ‬
‫ار َﻏي ِْر ْال ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺻ ِﺣي َْﺣة ِ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻘوي ِْم ْاﻷ ْﻓ َﻛ ِ‬
‫َت ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫‪:‬ال َﻘ ْو ُﻝ ْال َﺣ َﺳﻥُ ‪،‬‬
‫ِﻲ ْ‬ ‫ﺣاو َر ِة ﺃَ َﻥ َت ْل َت ِز َم ِب َها‪َ ،‬وه َ‬‫ار ﺁدَ اﺏٌ َي ْن َبﻐِﻲ ل ِْﻸ ْط َراﻑِ ْال ُم َت ِ‬ ‫َول ِْلﺣ َِو ِ‬
‫ﺏ َﺣ َﺳ ٍﻥ‬ ‫ِﺵ ِبﺄُﺳْ لُ ْو ٍ‬
‫او ِر ﺃَﻥْ ُي َناﻗ َ‬ ‫ﺹ الم َُﺣ ِ‬ ‫ﺏ ال ﱠت َﺣ ﱢدﻱ؛ ﺇِ ْﺫ َي ِجﺏُ َﻋ َلﻰ ال ﱠﺷ ْﺧ ِ‬ ‫َواجْ ِت َناﺏُ ﺃُﺳْ لُ ْو ِ‬
‫اﺝ‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْو‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ْﺢ َواﻷِ َﺳا َء ِة لِلط َرﻑِ اﻵ َﺧ ِر‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻼ َي َت َع ﱠم ُد ﺃﻥْ يُوﻗ َِع ُﻪ ﻓِﻲ اﻹِﺣْ َر ِ‬
‫ْ‬
‫َب ِع ْي ٍد م َِﻥ ال ﱠتجْ ِري ِ‬
‫َي َت َﺣ ﱠداﻩُ ‪َ .‬ﻛ َما َي ِجﺏُ َﻋ َل ْي ِﻪ ﺃَﻥْ َي َت َﺣلﱠﻰ ِب ْاﻷَدَ ِ‬
‫ﺏ َواللﱠ َبا َﻗ ِة ﻓِﻲ ﺃَ ْث َنا ِء ْال َﺣ ِد ْيﺙِ‪َ ،‬وﺃَﻥْ َي ْب َتعِدَ م َِﻥ‬
‫ﺃو اﻻﺳْ ِته َْزا ِء ِب ِﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫الط َرﻑِ ْاﻵ َﺧ ِر‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺿ ِ‬ ‫ار ِة َﻏ َ‬ ‫الﺳ ْﱡﺧ ِر ﱠيةِ‪َ ،‬وﺇِ َث َ‬
‫ﺹ ﻗُ ْد َرةٌ م َُع ﱠي َن ٌة‬ ‫ﺕ م َُﺣ ﱠد ٍد ل ِْل َﺣ ِد ْيﺙِ؛ َﻓلِ ُﻛ ﱢﻝ َﺷ ْﺧ ٍ‬ ‫اﻻلت َِزا ُم ِب َو ْﻗ ٍ‬ ‫ﺙ ْ‬ ‫ﺏ ْال َﺣ ِد ْي ِ‬ ‫َو ِمﻥْ ﺁدَ ا ِ‬
‫او ِر ﺃَ ﱠﻻ ُي ْﻛث َِر م َِﻥ ْال َﻛ َﻼ ِم‪،‬‬ ‫الط َرﻑِ ْاﻵ َﺧ ِر؛ َﻓ َي ْن َبﻐِﻲ ل ِْلم َُﺣ ِ‬ ‫َﻋ َلﻰ ال ﱠترْ ِﻛيْز‪َ ،‬واﻻﺳْ ِت َماﻉ ﺇ َلﻰ ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺿ ُﻝ‬ ‫ار‪ ،‬وﺃَﻥْ ي َُراﻋِ َﻲ َر ْﻏ َب َة ْاﻵﺧ ِِري َْﻥ َو َﺣ ﱠﻘ ُه ْم ﻓِﻲ ْال َﺣ ِد ْيﺙِ‪َ .‬و ْاﻷ ْﻓ َ‬ ‫ِﺻ ٍ‬‫اﺧت َ‬ ‫ﺙ ِب ْ‬ ‫َوﺃﻥْ َي َت َﺣ ﱠد َ‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫اﺱ ال ﱡﺷع ُْو ُر ِب ْال َم َل ِﻝ َوال ﱡﺷر ُْود‪َ .‬و ِمﻥْ ﺁدَ ا ِ‬ ‫اﺏ ال ﱠن َ‬ ‫ﺙ ﺃَﻥْ ُي ْن ِه َﻲ َﺣ ِد ْي َث ُﻪ َﻗ ْب َﻝ ﺃَﻥْ َي ْن َت َ‬ ‫ل ِْل ُم َت َﺣ ﱢد ِ‬
‫الط َرﻑِ ْاﻵ َﺧ ِر‪َ ،‬وﺃَ ﱠﻻ َي ُﻛ ْو َﻥ ت َﻔ ِﻛ ْي ُرﻩُ‬ ‫اط َع ِة ﱠ‬ ‫ِوار ﺃ ْيﺿًا ﺣُﺳْ ﻥُ اﻻﺳْ ِت َماﻉ‪َ ،‬و َﻋدَ ُم ُم َﻘ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ْالﺣ ِ‬
‫َمﺣْ ﺻ ُْورً ا ﻓِﻲ الرﱠ ﱢد َﻋلﻰ ْال ُم َت َﺣ ﱢدﺙِ‪َ ،‬ب ْﻝ ﺃَﻥْ يُعْ طِ َﻲ اهْ ِت َمامًا َﺣ ِﻘ ْي ِﻘ ًّيا لِ َما َيﻘُ ْولُﻪُ‪ ،‬وﺃﻥْ َي ُﻛ ْو َﻥ‬
‫ﺱ ﺃَ َما َم ْاﻵ َﺧرْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫يﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ار ال ﱠن ْﻔ ِ‬ ‫هو ْالوُ ﺻ ُْو َﻝ ﺇ َلﻰ ْال َﺣﻘ ْي َﻘ ِة َب ِع ْي ًدا م َِﻥ ْالم َِرا ِء‪َ ،‬وﺇﻅ َه ِ‬ ‫َهدَ ﻓُ ُﻪ َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ار‬ ‫ار ال ﱢد ْينِﻲﱢ ‪َ ،‬و ْالﺣ َِو ِ‬
‫ﻛالﺣ َِو ِ‬ ‫اﺧت َِﻼﻑِ َموﺿ ُْو َﻋا ِتﻪِ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ﺕ ِب ْ‬ ‫اﺧ َت َل َﻔ ْ‬‫ار ُم َت َع ﱢددَ ةٌ ْ‬‫َوﺃ ْن َوا ُﻉ ْالﺣ َِو ِ‬
‫ار‬ ‫ِﺻادِﻱﱢ ‪َ ،‬و ْالﺣ َِو ِ‬ ‫ار اﻻ ْﻗت َ‬ ‫والﺣ َِو ِ‬ ‫ار اﻻجْ ِتمَاﻋِ ﻲﱢ ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ار ال ﱢﺳيَاﺳِ ﻲﱢ ‪َ ،‬و ْالﺣ َِو ِ‬ ‫ْال َو َطنِﻲﱢ ‪َ ،‬و ْالﺣ َِو ِ‬
‫ار‬ ‫ار الرﱢ يَاﺿِ ﻲﱢ ‪َ ،‬و َﻏي ِْر َها‪َ ،‬ﻓﺿْ ًﻼ َﻋ ِﻥ ْالﺣ َِو ِ‬ ‫ﺣو ِ‬ ‫وال َ‬ ‫ار اﻷَمْ نِﻲﱢ ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ال ﱠترْ َب ِوﻱﱢ ‪َ ،‬و ْالﺣ َِو ِ‬
‫ﺕ ْال َها ِت ِﻔ ﱠيةِ‪ ،‬ﺃَ ِو‬
‫ﺻاﻻ ِ‬ ‫از ِﻝ َواﻻ ﱢت َ‬ ‫ال َي ْومِﻲﱢ ‪َ ،‬وه َُو ﺣ َِوا ٌر ت ِْل َﻘاﺋِﻲﱞ ‪َ ،‬ﻋ َﻔ ِوﻱﱞ َيجْ ِرﻱ ﻓِﻲ ْال َم َن ِ‬
‫اﺹ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺙ ْال َي ْو ِم ﱢي ِة َبي َْﻥ ْاﻷَ ْﺷ َﺧ ِ‬ ‫ْاﻷ َﺣا ِد ْي ِ‬
‫از ﱠي ِة َﻛ ْالم َُﺳ ْل َﺳﻼﺕِ‪،‬‬ ‫ِج ال ﱢت ْل َﻔ ِ‬‫ِﻼﻝ ال َبرام ِ‬
‫ﻑ ْالﺣ َِوا ُر ﻓِﻲ َو َﺳاﺋ ِِﻝ ْاﻹﻋْ َﻼم ِمﻥْ ﺧ ِ ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫َو َﻗ ْد وُ ﱢﻅ َ‬
‫َو ْال َمﺳْ َر ِﺣيﱠاﺕِ‪َ ،‬و َﻏي ِْرها‪.‬‬

‫‪٦٦‬‬
‫او ُر‬‫ﺱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱْ ي َُﺣ ِ‬ ‫ار ﺃَﺣْ َيا ًنا َﻗ ْد َي ُﻛ ْوﻥُ َم َﻊ ال ﱠن ْﻔ ِ‬
‫ار ِة ﺇ َلﻰ ﺃَﻥﱠ ْالﺣ َِو َ‬ ‫َوﻻ ُب ﱠد م َِﻥ ْاﻷ َﺷ َ‬
‫ﺻ ِﺣي َْﺣ ُة‪ُ ،‬ث ﱠم‬
‫اﻹِ ْن َﺳاﻥُ َن ْﻔ َﺳﻪُ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُي َﻘلﱢﺏُ ْاﻵ َرا َء ْالم ُْﺧ َتلِ َﻔ َة ﻓِﻲ ِﻓ ْﻛ ِرﻩِ؛ َﻓ َت َت َجلﱠﻰ َل ُﻪ ْاﻵ َرا ُء ال ﱠ‬
‫ﺕ الﺻﱠا ِﺋ َب ِة ‪.‬‬ ‫ارا ِ‬‫يَﺻِ ُﻝ ﺇِ َلﻰ ْال َﻘ َر َ‬

‫َﻣﺎ ﺑَ ْﻌ َﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ﱢ‬
‫ﺺ‬

‫ْالﺣُجﱠ ة ُ‪ :‬ال ﱠد ِليﻝُ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃَرْ َج ُﺣ َها ‪:‬ﺃَ َﻓ َ‬

‫ﺿلُ َها‪.‬‬
‫ﺙ ِبلُ ْطﻑٍ‪َ ،‬و َت ْه ِﺫ ْيﺏٍ‪.‬‬ ‫اللﱠ َبا َﻗ ُة ‪ :‬ال ﱠت َﺣ ﱡد ُ‬
‫ﻻي َجا ِد ال َم َعانِﻲ اﻵ ِت َية‪:‬‬ ‫اﺳْ َتعْ ِم ْﻝ مُعْ َج َم َﻙ ِ‬
‫الم َِراء‪ ،‬ال ﱡﺷ ُب َهاﺕِ‪َ ،‬ي ْن َتاﺏ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧَﺸَﺎﻁٌ‬
‫َما َن ْو ُﻉ ْال ِﻔعْ ِﻝ ﻓِﻲ جُمْ َلةِ‪) :‬وُ ﱢﻅ َ ْ‬
‫ﻑ الﺣِوا ُر ﻓِﻲ َو َﺳاﺋ ِِﻝ اﻹﻋْ ِ‬
‫ﻼم(؟‬

‫ﺏ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧَﺸَﺎﻁُ ﺍ ْﻟﻔَ ْﻬ ِﻢ َﻭﺍﻻ ْ‬

‫ﺳﺘِ ْﻴ َﻌﺎ ِ‬

‫اﻥ ﺣ َِوا ُر ُه َما‬ ‫)ﺣ َِوا ُر ْاﻷ ِج ﱠنةِ(‪َ ،‬ه ْﻝ َﻛ َ‬

‫الثا ِن َي َة َﻋ ْﺷر َة ِﻗﺻﱠة َ‬ ‫ﺕ ﻓِﻲ ْال َوﺣْ دَ ِة ﱠ‬ ‫ﺕ َﻗ ْد دَ َرﺳْ َ‬ ‫ُﻛ ْن َ‬
‫ار ِب َﺷ ْﻛ ٍﻝ َﻋا ﱟم؟‬ ‫مْﺕ َم ْوﺿ ُْو َﻉ ْالﺣ َِو ِ‬ ‫ْﻑ َﻓ ِه َ‬ ‫ﺕ ُه َنا؟ َو َﻛي َ‬‫ﺷ ِر َﺣ ْ‬‫ار الﱠتِﻲ ُ‬ ‫ﺏ ْالﺣ َِو ِ‬ ‫م ُْل َت ِزمًا بـِﺂدَ ا ِ‬
‫الو َﺳاﺋ ِِﻝ ْاﻹِﻋْ ﻼ ِم ﱠي ِة ْاﻷَ َث ُر‬
‫از ﺃَ ْو ﺇِﺣْ دَ ﻯ َ‬‫ﺻﺻِ ﻲﱢ ﻓِﻲ ال ﱢت ْل َﻔ ِ‬ ‫ار ْال َمﺳْ َرﺣِﻲﱢ َو ْال َﻘ َ‬‫اﻥ ل ِْلﺣ َِو ِ‬‫َو َه ْﻝ َﻛ َ‬
‫ُوﻉ م َُعي ٍﱠﻥ؟ َنا ِﻗﺵْ َﺫل َِﻙ‪.‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ال َواﺿِ ُﺢ ﻓِﻲ ِب َنا ِء ﺇِﺣْ دَ ﻯ ﺻ َُو ِر َﻙ الﻔ ِْﻛ ِر َية َِﻋﻥْ َموﺿ ٍ‬

‫‪٦٧‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺪ ْر ُس اﻟ َّﺜﺎﻧِﻲ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﻘ َﻮ ِ‬
‫اﻋ ُﺪ‬ ‫َّ‬

‫اﻟ َﻌ ْﻄ ُﻒ‬

‫ار‬ ‫)ال َهدَ ﻑُ ْاﻷﺻْ لﱢﻲﱡ م َِﻥ ْالﺣ َِو ِ‬ ‫ﱠاب ِق َو ِﻗﻑْ َﻋ َلﻰ ْالجُمْ َل ِة ْاﻵ ِت َيةِ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ﻋ ُْد ﺇِ َلﻰ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ الﺳ ِ‬
‫ﺕ َمرْ ﻓُ ْو َﻋ ًة؛ ِﻷ ﱠن َها‬ ‫ﺇِ َﻗا َم ُة ْالﺣُجﱠ ةِ‪َ ،‬ودَ ْﻓ ُﻊ ال ﱡﺷ ُب َهاﺕِ(‪ُ ،‬ت َﻼﺣ ِْﻅ ﺃﻥﱠ َﻛلِ َم َة )دَ ْﻓﻊ( َجا َء ْ‬
‫ط َب ْي َن ُه َما ه َُو‬‫)ال َهدَﻑ(‪َ ،‬والرﱠ ِاب ُ‬ ‫ﺕ َﺧ َبرً ا ل ِْل ُم ْب َتدَ ِﺃ ْ‬ ‫ﺕ ِب َﻛلِ َم ِة )ﺇِ َﻗا َمة( الﱠتِﻲ َو َﻗ َع ْ‬ ‫ارْ َت َب َط ْ‬
‫اﻝ (‪َ ،‬ت ِج ُد‬ ‫ار َو ْال ِجدَ ِ‬‫)ال َﻔرْ ُق َبي َْﻥ ْالﺣ َِو ِ‬
‫)ال َواوُ (‪َ ،‬ﻓ َت ِب َع ْت َها ﻓِﻲ ْاﻹﻋْ َراﺏِ‪َ .‬و َﻛ َﺫل َِﻙ ُج ْم َل ُة ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ْ‬
‫)ال َواو(‪،‬‬ ‫)الﺣ َِوار( ِب َﺣرْ ﻑٍ‪ ،‬ه َُو‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ِﻲ َﻛلِ َم ُة ْ‬ ‫ﺕ ِب َما َﻗ ْب َل َها َوه َ‬ ‫ﺃﻥﱠ َﻛلِ َم َة ْ‬
‫)ال ِجدَ اﻝ( ارْ َت َب َط ْ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫)ال ِجدَ اﻝ( َو َﻗ َع ْ‬‫ﺕ َمجْ ر ُْو َر ًة؛ ِﻷَﻥﱠ ْ‬ ‫ِﻅ ﺃَ ﱠنها َت ِب َع ْت َها ﻓِﻲ ْال َﺣا َل ِة ْاﻹﻋْ َر ِاب ﱠيةِ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َجا َء ْ‬ ‫َو ُت َﻼﺣ ُ‬
‫ـ)ال َع ْطﻑِ (‪.‬‬ ‫ُﺿا ًﻓا ﺇ َل ْي ِﻪ َمجْ ر ُْورً ا‪َ ،‬و َه َﺫا ي َُﺳمﱠﻰ ِب ْ‬ ‫م َ‬
‫ﺏ َل ْﻔ ًﻅا َيﺳْ ِبﻘُ ُﻪ ِب ْي َن ُه َما َﺣرْ ﻑٌ ‪َ ،‬و َه َﺫا ْال َﺣرْ ﻑُ‬ ‫ﻅ ِب ْاﻹﻋْ َرا ِ‬ ‫ﻓالع ْطﻑُ ه َُو ﺃَﻥْ َي ْت َب َﻊ َل ْﻔ ٌ‬
‫َ‬
‫ط ْوﻑُ َوه ُْو ال ﱠت ِابﻊُ‪،‬‬ ‫ِﻲ‪ْ :‬ال َمعْ ُ‬‫اﻥ‪ ،‬ه َ‬ ‫اﻙ َث َﻼ َث ُة ﺃَرْ َﻛ ٍ‬ ‫)ﺣرْ ﻑ ْال َع ْطﻑِ (‪ ،‬ﺃَﻱْ ُه َن َ‬ ‫ي َُﺳمﱠﻰ َ‬
‫وﺣرْ ﻑُ ْال َع ْطﻑِ ‪.‬‬ ‫طوﻑُ َﻋلِ ْي ِﻪ َوه َُو ْال َم ْتب ُْوﻉُ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫َو ْال َمعْ ُ‬
‫ط ْوﻑُ َﻋلِ ْيﻪِ(‪،‬‬ ‫َﻻﺣِﻅِ ْالجُمْ َل َة ْاﻵ ِت َي َة‪) :‬ﺃُﺣِﺏﱡ م َُﺣ ﱠم ًدا َو َﻋلِ ًّيا(‪ ،‬ﻓـَ)م َُﺣ ﱠم ٌد( ه َُو ْ‬
‫)ال َمعْ ُ‬
‫)ﻋلِ ًّيا(‬
‫ْﻥ ﺃﻥﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺏ َم ْو ِﻗ ِع ِﻪ م َِﻥ ْال ُج ْم َلةِ‪ ،‬ﻓِﻲ ِﺣي ِ‬ ‫)ال َم ْتب ُْوﻉُ(‪َ ،‬و َي ُﻛ ْوﻥُ ﺇِﻋْ َرا ُب ُﻪ ِب َﺣ َﺳ ِ‬ ‫ﺃَ ِو ْ‬
‫ط ْوﻑُ (‪ ،‬ﺃَ ِو )ال ﱠت ِابﻊُ(؛ ِﻷَ ﱠنﻪ َي ْت َب ُﻊ‬ ‫)ال َمعْ ُ‬ ‫ه َُو ْ‬
‫ﻑ َﻋلِ ْي ِﻪ ﻓِﻲ ْاﻹﻋْ َراﺏِ‪َ .‬و ُت َﺳمﱠﻰ َﻓﺎﺋ َ‬
‫ِﺪ ٌة‬ ‫ط ْو َ‬ ‫ْال َمعْ ُ‬
‫ﻑ ْال َع ْطﻑِ ‪.‬‬ ‫)ال َواوُ ( الﱠتِﻲ َب ْي َن ُه َما َﺣرْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َ‬
‫يُعْ طﻑُ اﺳْ ٌم َﻋلﻰ اﺳْ ٍم‪َ ،‬وي َُﺳمﱠﻰ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫)ﻋطﻑُ ُم ْﻔ َر ٍد َﻋ َلﻰ ُم ْﻔ َردٍ(‪ ،‬مِثﻝُ‪:‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻑ ﻓِﻲ َما َو َردَ ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫َو َﻛ َﺫل َِﻙ َت ِج ُد ْال َع ْط َ‬
‫ْﺦ(‪َ ،‬وجُمْ َل ٌة‬ ‫ﺄري َ‬ ‫ََ‬
‫)ﺳﺄ ْدرُﺱُ ْال ُعلُ ْو َم َوال ﱠت ِ‬ ‫او ُر اﻹِ ْن َﺳاﻥُ َن ْﻔ َﺳ ُﻪ َﻓ ُي َﻘلﱢﺏُ ْاﻵ َرا َء‬ ‫ال ﱠنﺹﱢ ‪) :‬ي َُﺣ ِ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ ْال ِﻔعْ َﻝ ) ُي َﻘلﱢﺏُ ( َﻋ َلﻰ جُمْ َل ٍة َﻛ َما ﻓِﻲ َﻗ ْولِ َنا‪َ ) :‬ﻗ َر ْﺃ ُ‬ ‫ْالم ُْﺧ َتلِ َﻔ َة ﻓِﻲ ِﻓ ْﻛ ِرﻩِ( َﻓ َﻘ ْد َﻋ َط ْﻔ َ‬
‫مْﺕ ﻓُﺻ ُْو َلﻪُ(‪َ ،‬وﺷِ ْب ُﻪ جُمْ َل ٍة‬ ‫اﺏ َﻓ َﻔ ِه ُ‬‫ﻑ ْال ِﻛ َت َ‬ ‫اورُ(‪َ ،‬و َه َﺫا َيعْ نِﻲ ﺃَﻥﱠ ْال َع ْط َ‬ ‫َﻋ َلﻰ ْال ِﻔعْ ِﻝ )ي َُﺣ‬
‫ِ‬
‫)ﺳﺄ َ ْﺫ َهﺏُ ﺇ َلﻰ‬ ‫َﻋ َلﻰ ﺷِ ْب ِﻪ جُمْ َلةٍ‪ ،‬م ِْثﻝُ‪َ :‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺽ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿ َها َﻋ َلﻰ َبعْ ٍ‬ ‫ُه َنا ه َُو َﻋ ْطﻑُ ْال ُج َم ِﻝ َبعْ ُ‬
‫َ‬
‫َب ْﻐدَ ادَ ﺃ ْو ﺇلﻰ ﺃرْ ِب ْي َﻝ(‪.‬‬

‫‪٦٨‬‬
 ‫ﻴﻬﺎ‪:‬‬‫َﻄ ِﻒ َﻭ َﻣﻌَﺎ ِﻧ َ‬ ‫ﻑ ْﺍﻟﻌ ْ‬ ‫ﺃﺣ ُﺮ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﺃَﺣْ رُﻑُ ْال َع ْطﻑِ َﻛ ِثي َْرةٌ‪َ ،‬ولِ ُﻛ ﱟﻝ ِم ْن َها َمعْ ًنﻰ‪ِ ،‬م ْن َها‪:‬‬
‫‪ْ -١‬ﺍﻟ َﻮ ُ‬
‫ﺍﻭ‪:‬‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫طوﻑِ َﻋ َل ْيﻪِ‪َ ،‬ﻛ َما ﻓِﻲ َﻗ ْولِ َنا ‪َ :‬ﺫ َه َ‬ ‫طوﻑِ َوال َمعْ ُ‬ ‫ار َﻛ َة ﻓﻲ الﺣ ُْﻛم َبي َْﻥ ال َمعْ ُ‬ ‫ُيﻔِي ُد ْال ُم َﺷ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺕ الﱠتِﻲ ُت َوا ِج ُﻪ‬ ‫َﺳع ْي ٌد َو م َُﺣ ﱠم ٌد‪َ ،‬و َﻛ َما َو َردَ ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ ‪َْ ) :‬الﺣِوا ُر ال َﻔعﱠا ُﻝ ي َُعالِ ُج ْال ُم ْﺷﻛِﻼ ِ‬
‫اراﺕِ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿ َ‬ ‫ﺳاﻥ‪َ ،‬و ُي َﻘوﱢ ﻱ ْال ِﻘ َي َم َواﻷَ ْﺧ َﻼ َق ﻓِﻲ ْال َﺣ َ‬ ‫اﻷِ ْن َ‬
‫ﺎء‪:‬‬‫‪ْ -٢‬ﺍﻟ َﻔ ُ‬
‫ط ْوﻑِ َﻋ َل ْي ِﻪ‬‫ِيﺏ‪َ ،‬و َه َﺫا َيعْ نِﻲ ﺃَﻥﱠ ْال ُﺣ ْﻛ َم َي ُﻛ ْوﻥُ ل ِْل َمعْ ُ‬ ‫ِيﺏ َوال ﱠتعْ ﻘ َ‬ ‫َﺣرْ ﻑٌ ُي ِﻔ ْي ُد ال ﱠترْ ت َ‬
‫اﻙ َﻓاﺻِ ٌﻝ‬ ‫ط ْوﻑُ )ال ﱠت ِابﻊُ( ﻓِﻲ ْالﺣ ُْﻛ ِم ُد ْو َﻥ ﺃَﻥْ َي ُﻛ ْو َﻥ ُه َن َ‬ ‫)ال َم ْتب ُْوﻉ(‪ُ ،‬ث ﱠم ُي َﺷار ُﻛ ُﻪ ْال َمعْ ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ْ‬
‫الط َﻼﺏُ (‪َ ،‬ﻓوُ ﺻ ُْو ُﻝ ْالم َُعلﱢم ‪ُ -‬ه َنا‪ -‬ﺣﺻﻝ بعد‬ ‫ﺻ َﻝ ْالم َُعلﱢ ُم َﻓدَ َﺧ َﻝ ﱡ‬ ‫ا‪):‬و َ‬‫َز َمنِﻲﱞ ‪ ،‬م ِْث ُﻝ َﻗ ْولِ َن َ‬
‫ﺕ َط ْو ِي ٍﻝ‪َ .‬وم ِْث ُﻝ َما َجا َء ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ ‪:‬‬ ‫ِﺿا ِء َو ْﻗ ٍ‬ ‫ﺏ ُم َبا َﺷ َر ًة ِمﻥْ َﻏي ِْر ا ْنﻘ َ‬ ‫الط َﻼ ِ‬ ‫وﻝ ﱡ‬ ‫ُد ُﺧ ِ‬
‫او ُر اﻹِ ْن َﺳاﻥُ َن ْﻔ َﺳﻪُ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُي َﻘلﱢﺏُ ْاﻵ َرا َء ْالم ُْﺧ َتلِ َﻔ َة ﻓِﻲ ِﻓ ْﻛ ِرﻩِ(‪.‬‬ ‫)ي َُﺣ ِ‬
‫‪ُ -٣‬ﺛ َّﻢ‪:‬‬
‫الز َم ِﻥ‪َ ،‬و َه َﺫا َيعْ نِﻲ ﺃَﻥﱠ ْال ُﺣ ْﻛ َم ﺃَ ْيﺿًا َي ُﻛ ْوﻥُ‬‫ْﺏ َم َﻊ ال ﱠت َراﺧِﻲ ﻓِﻲ ﱠ‬ ‫َﺣرْ ﻑٌ ُي ِﻔ ْي ُد ال ﱠتر ِتي َ‬
‫ط ْوﻑُ )ال ﱠت ِابﻊُ( ﻓِﻲ ْال ُﺣ ْﻛ ِم‪َ ،‬ل ِﻛﻥْ َم َﻊ‬ ‫)ال َم ْتب ُْوﻉ( ﺃَوﱠ ًﻻ‪ُ ،‬ث ﱠم ُي َﺷار ُﻛ ُﻪ ْال َمعْ ُ‬ ‫ط ْوﻑِ َﻋ َل ْي ِﻪ ْ‬ ‫ل ِْل َمعْ ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺕ ْال َﻘﺻِ يْد َة‪ُ ،‬ث ﱠم َﺣﻔ ِْﻅ ُت َها(‪َ ،‬وم ِْثلُ ُﻪ َما َجا َء ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺿا ِء ُم ﱠد ٍة َز َم ِن ّيةٍ‪َ ،‬ﻛ َﻘ ْولِ َنا‪َ ) :‬ﻗ َر ْﺃ ُ‬‫ا ْن َﻘ َ‬
‫ﺕ الﺻﱠا ِﺋ َب ِة (‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُج ْم َل ُة‪) :‬يَﺻِ ُﻝ ﺇِ َلﻰ‬ ‫ﺻ ِﺣي َْﺣ ُة‪ُ ،‬ث ﱠم يَﺻِ ُﻝ ﺇِ َلﻰ ْال َﻘ َر َ‬
‫ارا ِ‬ ‫) َت َت َجلﱠﻰ َل ُﻪ ْاﻵ َرا ُء ال ﱠ‬
‫ﺻ ِﺣي َْﺣ ُة(‪.‬‬ ‫ط ْو َﻓ ٌة َﻋ َلﻰ جُمْ َلةِ‪َ َ) :‬ت َت َجلﱠﻰ َل ُﻪ ْاﻵ َرا ُء ال ﱠ‬ ‫ﺕ الﺻﱠا ِﺋ َبةِ( َمعْ ُ‬ ‫ْال َﻘ َر َ‬
‫ارا ِ‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺃَ ْﻭ‪:‬‬
‫اﺣ ًة ْﺃو َم ْو َز ًة(‪،‬‬ ‫يﻥ‪ ،‬م ِْث ُﻝ َﻗ ْولِ َنا‪َ ) :‬ت َن َاو ْﻝ ُت ﱠﻔ َ‬ ‫ﻑ ُي ِﻔ ْي ُد ال ﱠت ْﺧ ِيي َْر َبي َْﻥ ﺃَمْ َر ِ‬ ‫َﺣرْ ﻑُ َﻋ ْط ٍ‬
‫)ب َﻘﺻْ ِد‬ ‫اﻥ؛ اﺳْ ِمي ٌﱠة ْﺃو ِﻓعْ لِي ٌﱠة‪َ ،‬و َﻛ َما َو َردَ ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ ‪ِ :‬‬ ‫َوال ﱠت ْﻘﺳِ ْي َم‪ ،‬م ِْث ُﻝ َﻗ ْولِ َنا‪ْ :‬ال ُج َم ُﻝ َن ْو َﻋ ِ‬
‫ﺕ َﺣ ﱟق‪ْ ،‬ﺃو َر ﱢد َﻓ َﺳادٍ(‪.‬‬ ‫ار ﺣُجﱠ ٍة م َُع ﱠي َنةٍ‪ْ ،‬ﺃو ﺇِ ْث َبا ِ‬ ‫اﻅ َه ِ‬
‫ْ‬
‫‪َ -٥‬ﻻ‪:‬‬
‫ط ْوﻑِ َﻋ َل ْيﻪِ‪َ ،‬ﻛ َما ﻓِﻲ َﻗ ْولِ َنا ‪َ ) :‬ي ْن َج ُﺢ‬ ‫ط ْوﻑِ َو ْﺇث َبا َت ُﻪ ل ِْل َمعْ ُ‬‫ُي ِﻔ ْي ُد َن ْﻔ َﻲ ْال ُﺣ ْﻛم َﻋ ِﻥ ْال َمعْ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ط ْوﻑٌ‬ ‫)ال َﻛﺳُوﻝُ( َتابﻊٌ‪َ ،‬وه َُو َمعْ ُ‬ ‫ﻑ َو َن ْﻔﻲٍ َو ْ‬ ‫)ﻻ( َﺣرْ ﻑُ َﻋ ْط ٍ‬ ‫ْال َجا ﱡد َﻻ ْال َﻛﺳ ُْوﻝُ( ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻛلِ َم ُة َ‬

‫‪٦٩‬‬
‫ط ْوﻑُ َﻋ َل ْيﻪِ(‪َ ،‬و َﻗ ْد ُنﻔ َِﻲ ال ﱠن َجا ُﺡ مﻥ‬ ‫)ال َجا ﱢد(‪ ،‬الﱠﺫِﻱ ه َُو ْال َم ْتب ُْوﻉُ‪ ،‬ﺃَ ِو ْ‬
‫)ال َمعْ ُ‬ ‫َﻋ َلﻰ ْ‬
‫)ﺳﺄ َ ْدرﺱُ ﱢ‬
‫الطﺏﱠ َﻻ ْال َه ْندَ َﺳ َة(‪.‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺃَدَ ا ِة ال ﱠنﻔِﻲ َ‬ ‫ط ْوﻑِ ْ‬‫ْال َمعْ ُ‬
‫)ﻻ(‪َ .‬ومِثلُﻪُ‪ِ َ :‬‬ ‫)ال َﻛﺳُوﻝ( ِب َﺳ َب ِ‬

‫ﺎن‬ ‫َﺗ ْﻘ ِﻮ ْﻳ ُﻢ اﻟّﻠ َ‬

‫ِﺴ ِ‬ ‫ﻼﺻ ُﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻘ َﻮ ِ‬
‫اﻋ ِﺪ‬ ‫ُﺧ َ‬
‫الثانِﻲ ُي ْم َن ُﺢ َجاﺋ َِز ًة(‬‫ﻗُﻝْ‪) :‬ال ﱠنا ِج ُﺢ اﻷَوﱠ ُﻝ ﺃَ ِو ﱠ‬
‫ﺁﺧ َر َو َﻻ َتﻘُﻝْ‪) :‬ال ﱠنا ِج ُﺢ اﻷَ‬ ‫الع ْطﻑُ ه َُو ﺃَﻥْ َي ْت َب َﻊ َل ْﻔ ٌ‬
‫ﻅ َل ْﻔ ًﻅا َ‬ ‫‪َ -١‬‬
‫اﻥ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣ‬‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ن‬ ‫ُمْ‬
‫ي‬ ‫ِﻲ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫الث‬ ‫و‬
‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﻝ‬ ‫وﱠ‬
‫َجاﺋ َِز ًة(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻑ ِمﻥْ‬ ‫اط ِة َﺣرْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺏ ِب َو َﺳ َ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ ْاﻹﻋْ َرا ِ‬
‫)ال َواو(‪،‬‬ ‫ِﻲ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ﺃﺣْ رُﻑِ ْال َع ْطﻑِ ‪َ ،‬وه َ‬
‫)ﻻ(‪.‬‬‫)ﺃو(‪َ ،‬و َ‬ ‫)ث ﱠم(‪َ ،‬و ْ‬ ‫)ال َﻔاء(‪َ ،‬و ُ‬
‫َو ْ‬
‫اﻉ؛ َﻋ ْطﻑُ ُم ْﻔ َر ٍد َﻋ َلﻰ ُم ْﻔ َردٍ‪َ ،‬و َﻋ ْطﻑُ ُج ْم َل ٍة َﻋ َلﻰ ُج ْم َلةٍ‪َ ،‬و َﻋ ْطﻑُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬
‫‪ -2‬ال َعطﻑُ َﻋ َلﻰ ﺃ ْن َو ٍ‬
‫ﺷِ ْب ِﻪ جُمْ َل ٍة َﻋ َلﻰ ﺷِ ْب ِﻪ جُمْ َلةٍ‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ -۳‬ت ِﻔ ْي ُد ﺃﺣْ رُﻑُ ْال َع ْطﻑِ َم َعان َِﻲ؛ ه َ‬
‫ِﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ار َﻛ َة َبي َْﻥ ْال ُم َت َعاطِ َﻔي ِ‬
‫ْﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪ْ .‬ال َواوُ ‪ُ :‬ي ِﻔ ْي ُد ْال ُم َﺷ َ‬
‫ْﺏ َوال ّتعْ ِﻘي َ‬
‫ْﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪ْ .‬ال َﻔاء‪ُ :‬ت ِﻔ ْي ُد ال ّترْ ِتي َ‬
‫ْﺏ َم َﻊ ال ﱠت َراﺧِﻲ ﻓِﻲ ﱠ‬
‫الز َم ِﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫جـ‪ُ .‬ث ﱠم‪ُ :‬ت ِﻔ ْي ُد ال ّترْ ِتي َ‬
‫د‪ْ .‬ﺃو‪ُ :‬ت ِﻔ ْي ُد ال ﱠت ْﺧ ِيي َْر‪َ ،‬وال ﱠت ْﻘﺳِ ْي َم‪.‬‬
‫هـ‪َ .‬ﻻ‪ُ :‬ت ِﻔ ْي ُد ال ﱠنﻔ َِﻲ ‪.‬‬

‫‪٧٠‬‬
 ‫ﺣﻠّﻞ َﻭﺃ ْﻋ ِﺮﺏ‬

‫ﺎﻗ ُﻞ َﻳ ْﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ َﺧ ْﻴ ًﺮا َﻻ َﺷ ًّﺮا‬

‫ا ْﻟ َﻌ ِ‬

‫َﺷ ًّرا‬ ‫َﻻ‬ ‫َﺧيْرً ا‬ ‫َيعْ َم ُﻝ‬ ‫ْال َعا ِﻗ ُﻝ‬ ‫َﺣلﱢ ْﻝ‬

‫َﻻﺣ ِْﻅ َو َﻓ ﱢﻛرْ‬

‫اﺳ ٌم‬ ‫َﻛلِ َم ٌة َت ُد ﱡﻝ َﻋ َلﻰ‬
‫اﺳْ ٌم َو َﻗ َﻊ‬ ‫َﺣرﻑُ‬
‫َم ْنﺻُوﺏٌ‬ ‫ﺙ ال ِﻔعْ ِﻝ ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫ُﺣ ُدو ِ‬ ‫َﻛلِ َم ٌة م َُعرﱠ َﻓ ٌة‬
‫َبعْ دَ َﺣرْ ﻑِ‬ ‫َن ْﻔﻲ‬
‫َو َﻗ َﻊ َﻋ َليْﻪ‬ ‫المُﺳْ َتﻘ َب ِﻝ ) ِﻓعْ ٌﻝ‬ ‫ِبـ)اﻝ( اﺳْ ٌم‬
‫الع ْطﻑِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َو َﻋط ٍ‬
‫ﻑ‬
‫ِﻓعْ ُﻝ ْال َﻔاﻋِ ِﻝ‬ ‫ارﻉٌ(‬‫ُﺿ ِ‬ ‫م َ‬
‫اج ٍة ﺇ َلﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺳْ ُم ْال َمرْ ﻓُ ْو ُﻉ ْال َوا ِﻗ ُﻊ ﻓِﻲ ِبدَ ا َي ِة ْال ُج ْم َل ِة يُعْ َرﺏُ ُم ْب َتدَ ﺃً‪َ ،‬و ُﻛ ﱡﻝ ُم ْب َتدَ ٍﺃ ِب َﺣ َ‬
‫ار ُﻉ َﺇﺫا َل ْم يُﺳْ َب ْق ِب َناﺻِ ٍ‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫َﺧ َب ٍر‪َ ،‬و ْال َﺧ َب ُر َي ُﻛ ْوﻥُ ُم ْﻔ َر ًدا‪َ ،‬و ُج ْم َل ًة‪ْ .‬الﻔِعْ ُﻝ ْالم َ‬ ‫َت َﺫ ﱠﻛرْ‬
‫ُﺿ ِ‬
‫از ٍم َي ُﻛ ْوﻥُ َمرْ ﻓُ ْوﻋًا‪َ ،‬و ُﻛ ّﻝ ﻓِعْ ٍﻝ َﻻ ُب ﱠد َل ُﻪ مِﻥْ َﻓاﻋِ ٍﻝ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥْ َل ْم َي ُﻛﻥْ َﻅا ِهرً ا َﻓه َُو‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺃ ْو َج ِ‬
‫مُﺳْ َت ِت ٌر‬

‫ﺏ ِب َواﺳِ َط ِة َﺣرْ ٍ‬
‫ﻑ مِﻥْ ﺃﺣْ رُﻑِ‬ ‫ﺁﺧ َر ﻓِﻲ ْاﻹﻋْ َرا ِ‬ ‫ْال َع ْطﻑُ ه َُو ﺃَﻥْ َي ْت َب َﻊ َل ْﻔ ٌ‬
‫ﻅ َل ْﻔ ًﻅا َ‬
‫َت َعلﱠ َ‬
‫مْﺕ‬
‫)ﻻ(‪.‬‬‫)ﺃو(‪َ ،‬و َ‬
‫)ث ﱠم(‪َ ،‬و ْ‬‫)ال َﻔاء(‪َ ،‬و ُ‬
‫)ال َواو(‪َ ،‬و ْ‬
‫ِﻲ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ْال َع ْطﻑِ ‪َ ،‬وه َ‬

‫ارﻉٌ‪،‬‬ ‫ُﺿ ِ‬ ‫ﻓِعْ ٌﻝ م َ‬

‫اﺳ ٌم َمعْ ُ‬
‫ط ْوﻑٌ‬ ‫َﺣرﻑُ َن ْﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺿ ِم ْي ٌر‬‫َﻓاﻋِ لُ ُﻪ َ‬
‫َم ْﻔع ُْو ٌﻝ ِب ِﻪ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُم ْب َتدَ ﺃ ٌ َمرْ ﻓُ ْو ٌﻉ‬ ‫تﺳتنتج‬
‫َﻋ َلﻰ َ‬
‫)ﺧيْر(‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻋط ٍ‬
‫ﻑ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٌ‬
‫م ت ِتر تﻘ ِدي ُرﻩُ‬‫َ‬ ‫ُﺳْ‬
‫)ه َُو(‬
‫ط ْوﻑٌ‬ ‫اﺳْ ٌم َمعْ ُ‬
‫)ﺧيْر(‬ ‫َﻋ َلﻰ َ‬ ‫َم ْﻔع ُْو ٌﻝ ِب ِﻪ‬ ‫ار ٌﻉ‬ ‫ﻓِعْ ٌﻝ م َ‬
‫ُﺿ ِ‬ ‫ُم ْب َتدَ ﺃ ٌ َمرْ ﻓُ ْو ٌﻉ‬ ‫ْاﻹﻋْ َراﺏ‬
‫َم ْنﺻ ُْوﺏٌ َو َﻋ َﻼ َم ُة َﺣرﻑُ‬ ‫َمرْ ﻓُ ْو ٌﻉ َو َﻋ َﻼ َم ُة َر ْﻓ ِع ِﻪ‬ ‫َو َﻋ َﻼ َم ُة‬
‫َم ْنﺻ ُْوﺏٌ‬
‫َن ْﻔﻲ‬ ‫َنﺻْ ِب ِﻪ ْال َﻔ ْت َﺣ ُة‬ ‫الﻅاه َِرةُ َﻋ َلﻰ‬ ‫َر ْﻓ ِع ِﻪ الﺿﱠم ُة الﺿﱠم ُة ﱠ‬
‫َو َﻋ َﻼ َم ُة َنﺻْ ِب ِﻪ‬
‫الﻅاه َِرةُ‬ ‫ْال َﻔ ْت َﺣ ُة ﱠ‬
‫َو َﻋط ٍ‬
‫ﻑ‬ ‫الﻅاه َِرةُ َﻋ َلﻰ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺿ ِم ْي ٌر‬ ‫الﻅاه َِرةُ ﺁﺧ ِِر ِﻩ ‪َ ،‬ﻓاﻋِ لُ ُﻪ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﺁﺧ ِِر ِﻩ‬ ‫َﻋ َلﻰ ﺁﺧ ِِر ِﻩ مُﺳْ َت ِت ٌر جوازا َت ْﻘ ِد ْي ُرﻩُ‬
‫َﻋ َلﻰ ﺁﺧ ِِر ِﻩ‬
‫)ه َُو(‬

‫ِﻞ ُﺛ َّﻢ َأ ْﻋ ِﺮ ْب َﻣﺎ َﻳﺄﺗِﻲ‪َ :‬د َﺣ ْﺮ َﻧﺎ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ُﺪ َو ُﺛ َّﻢ َﺑ َﻨ ْﻴ َﻨﺎ ا ْﻟ َﻮ َﻃ َﻦ‬

‫َﺣّﻠ ْ‬

‫‪٧١‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﱠ ْﻤ ِﺮ ْﻳﻨَﺎﺕُ‬

‫‪۱‬‬
‫ﻑ ْال َع ْطﻑِ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻑ َﻋ َل ْيﻪِ‪َ ،‬و َﺣرْ َ‬ ‫وﻑ‪َ ،‬و ْال َمعْ ُ‬
‫ط ْو َ‬ ‫ط َ‬ ‫ﺹ ال ﱠتالِ َي ِة ْال َمعْ ُ‬ ‫اﺳْ َت ْﺧ ِرﺝْ م َِﻥ ال ﱡنﺻ ُْو ِ‬
‫ُم َب ﱢي ًنا َن ْو َﻉ ْال َع ْطﻑِ ‪:‬‬
‫اﺏ َول ْم َيجْ َعﻝ ل ُﻪ ﻋِ َوجً ا* َﻗ ﱢيمًا‬ ‫نز َﻝ َﻋ َلﻰ َﻋ ْب ِد ِﻩ ْال ِﻛ َت َ‬ ‫ﻪﻠﻟ الﱠﺫِﻱ ﺃَ َ‬ ‫»ال َﺣمْ ُد ِ ِ‬ ‫‪َ -١‬ﻗا َﻝ َت َعا َلﻰ‪ْ :‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺃَﻥﱠ َل ُه ْم ﺃَجْ رً ا‬ ‫وﻥ الﺻﱠال َِﺣا ِ‬ ‫ِيﻥ َيعْ َملُ َ‬‫ِيﻥ الﱠﺫ َ‬ ‫ليُنﺫ َِر َبﺄْﺳًا َﺷدِي ًدا مِﻥ ل ُد ْن ُﻪ َو ُي َب ﱢﺷ َر ْالم ُْﺅ ِمن َ‬
‫)ال َﻛهْﻑ‪.(2-١ :‬‬ ‫َﺣ َﺳ ًنا« ْ‬
‫ور«‬ ‫ﺕ َوال ﱡن َ‬ ‫ﺽ َو َج َع َﻝ ﱡ‬
‫الﻅلُ َما ِ‬ ‫ﺕ َو ْاﻷَرْ َ‬ ‫ﻪﻠﻟ الﱠﺫِﻱ َﺧ َل َق ال ﱠﺳ َم َاوا ِ‬ ‫»ال َﺣمْ ُد ِ ِ‬‫‪َ -2‬ﻗا َﻝ َت َعا َلﻰ‪ْ :‬‬
‫)اﻷ ْن َعام‪.(١ :‬‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ُﺳا ٌم َﻗاطِ ﻊٌ‪َ ،‬ﻓاﺳْ ُترْ‬ ‫(‪»:‬الﺣ ِْل ُم ﻏِ َطا ٌء َﺳا ِترٌ‪َ ،‬و ْال َع ْﻘ ُﻝ ﺣ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫‪َ -۳‬ﻗا َﻝ ْاﻹ َما ُم َﻋلِﻲﱞ َ‬
‫)ﻋ َل ْي ِﻪ الﺳ َﱠﻼ ُم‬
‫اﻙ ِب َع ْﻘل َِﻙ«‪.‬‬ ‫ِﻙ‪َ ،‬و َﻗا ِت ْﻝ َه َو َ‬ ‫ِﻙ ِبﺣ ِْلم َ‬ ‫َﺧ َل َﻝ ُﺧلُﻘ َ‬
‫‪َ -4‬ﻗا َﻝ ْالمُت َنبﱢﻲﱡ ‪:‬‬
‫َوال ﱠﺳيْﻑُ َوالرﱡ ْم ُﺢ َو ْال ِﻘرْ َطاﺱُ َو ْال َﻘ َل ُم‬ ‫ــﺧ ْي ُﻝ َواللﱠ ْي ُﻝ َو ْال َبيْدَ ا ُء َتعْ ِرﻓُنِﻲ‬ ‫ال ْـ َ‬
‫اﺱ ْال َﺣ ْمدَ انِﻲﱡ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪َ -٥‬ﻗا َﻝ ﺃَبْو ﻓ َِر ٍ‬
‫ــرا ِﺋ ُرﻩُ‬ ‫ﺕ َﺳ َ‬ ‫ـرﻑُ ْالـﺣُﺏﱢ َما َﻋ ﱠﻔ ْ‬ ‫َوﺃَ ْﺷ َ‬ ‫اﺱ ﺃهْ ُﻝ ْالﺣُﺏﱢ َم ْن ِز َل ًة‪،‬‬ ‫َوﺃَ ْﺷ َرﻑُ ال ﱠن ِ‬
‫‪َ -٦‬ﻗا َﻝ َﻋ ْد َناﻥُ الﺻﱠا ِﺋ ُﻎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻥ ْالم َُعلﱢ ُم‬ ‫َو َﻛ َ‬
‫ِﺣي َْﻥ ي َُعـــلﱢ ُمنِــﻲ‬
‫ْﻑ ﺃَرْ ُﺳ ُم‪..‬‬ ‫َﻛي َ‬
‫ْﺱ‬ ‫اري ِ‬ ‫َﻓ ْو َق ْال َﻛ َر ِ‬
‫َﺷ ْﻛ َﻝ ْال َو َطﻥْ‬
‫ﺃ ُ َﻏـــــــــاﻓِـلُـــ ُﻪ‬
‫ﺻﻘُ ُﻪ َﻓ ْو َق َﻗ ْل ِبﻲ‬ ‫ُث ﱠم ﺃَ ْل ُ‬
‫‪َ -۷‬ﺣ َياتِﻲ ُﻛلﱡ َها َﻋ َم ٌﻝ َﻻ َﻛ َﺳﻝٌ‪.‬‬
‫‪ْ -۸‬ال َﺣ ْﻔ ُﻝ ﻓِﻲ الﺻﱠا َل ِة ﺃَ ْو ﻓِﻲ ْال َﺣ ِد ْي َﻘةِ‪.‬‬

‫‪٧٢‬‬
 ‫‪۲‬‬
‫ﻑ ْال َع ْطﻑِ ‪َ ،‬و َبيﱢﻥْ َم َعانِي َها ِممﱠا َيﺄَتِﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫اﺳْ َت ْﺧ ِرﺝْ ﺣُرْ وُ َ‬
‫مْوا ًتا َﻓﺄَﺣْ َيا ُﻛ ْم ُث ﱠم ُيمِي ُت ُﻛ ْم ُث ﱠم يُﺣْ ِيي ُﻛ ْم ُث ﱠم‬
‫اﻪﻠﻟ َو ُﻛن ُت ْم ﺃَ َ‬‫ُوﻥ ِب ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ْﻑ َت ْﻛﻔُر َ‬ ‫‪َ -١‬ﻗا َﻝ َت َعا َلﻰ‪َ » :‬ﻛي َ‬
‫)ال َب َﻘ َرةُ‪.(2۸ :‬‬ ‫ُوﻥ« ْ‬ ‫ﺇِ َل ْي ِﻪ ُترْ َجع َ‬
‫اﺡ َﻋ َلي ِْه َما ﺃَﻥ‬ ‫وزا ﺃَ ْو ﺇِﻋْ َراﺿًا َﻓ َﻼ ُج َن َ‬ ‫ﺷ ً‬ ‫ﺕ مِﻥ َبعْ لِ َها ُن ُ‬ ‫»وﺇِ ِﻥ ام َْرﺃَةٌ َﺧا َﻓ ْ‬ ‫‪َ -2‬ﻗا َﻝ َت َعا َلﻰ‪َ :‬‬
‫ﺕ ْاﻷَنﻔُﺱُ ال ﱡﺷ ﱠﺢ ۚ َوﺇِﻥ ُتﺣْ ﺳِ ُنوا َو َت ﱠتﻘُوا‬ ‫يُﺻْ ل َِﺣا َب ْي َن ُه َما ﺻ ُْلﺣً ا ۚ َوالﺻ ْﱡل ُﺢ َﺧ ْي ٌر َوﺃُﺣْ ﺿِ َر ِ‬
‫وﻥ َﺧ ِبيرً ا« )ال ﱢن َﺳاء‪.(١2۸:‬‬ ‫اﻥ ِب َما َتعْ َملُ َ‬ ‫ﷲ َﻛ َ‬ ‫َﻓﺈِﻥﱠ ﱠ َ‬
‫)ﺻلﱠﻰ ﷲُ َﻋ َل ْي ِﻪ َوﺁلِ ِﻪ َو َﺳلﱠ َم(‪» :‬ﺃَرْ َب َع ٌة َﻻ ُت َر ﱡد َل ُه ْم دَ ﻋْ وُ ةٌ‪ :‬ﺇِ َما ٌم‬ ‫ﷲ َ‬ ‫‪َ -۳‬ﻗا َﻝ َرﺳ ُْو ُﻝ ِ‬
‫َﻋا ِدﻝٌ‪َ ،‬و َوالِ ٌد ل َِو َل ِدﻩِ‪َ ،‬والرﱠ ُج ُﻝ َي ْدﻋُو ِﻷَ ِﺧ ْي ِﻪ ِب َﻅه ِْر ْال َﻐ ْيﺏِ‪َ ،‬و ْال َم ْﻅلُ ْو ُم«‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -4‬ﻗا َﻝ َب ْدر َﺷاﻛِر ال ﱠﺳيﱠاﺏُ ‪:‬‬
‫ْالﺣُﺏﱡ ﺃَﻥْ َتب ُْﺫ َﻝ‪ ،‬ﺃَﻥْ َت َنا َﻝ َما ُت ِر ْي ُد‬
‫َﻛال ﱠنب ِْﻊ ْﺇﺫ َيدَ ﱠﻓ ُق َﻻ َﻛ ْال ِب ْﺋ ِر‬
‫ار َت ْط ِوﻱ َنﺣْ َو َﻙ ال ﱠﺳ َماءا‬ ‫َﻛال ﱠن ِ‬
‫َﻻ َﺷ َر ِر ﱢ‬
‫الز َنا ِد‬
‫ارة‪:‬‬ ‫ﺕ َلم ِْي َعة َﻋبﱠاﺱ ﻋ َم َ‬ ‫‪َ -٥‬ﻗا َل ْ‬
‫َل ْو ﺃَ ْن َبﺄَنِﻲ ْال َعرﱠ اﻑُ‬
‫ﺃَ ﱢنﻲ َﺳﺄ ُ َﻻمِﺱُ َوجْ َﻪ ْال َﻘ َم ِر ْال َعالِﻲ‬
‫ﺻﻰ ْال ُﻐ ْد َر ِ‬
‫اﻥ‬ ‫َل ْم ﺃَ ْل َعﺏْ ِب َﺣ َ‬
‫ﻅ ْم ِمﻥْ َﺧ َر ٍز ﺁ َمالِﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َل ْم ﺃَ ْن ُ‬
‫اﺧ َت َرﻋ ُْوا ْال ِﻛ َتا َب َة َﻗ ْب َﻝ َﺳب َْع ِة َﺁﻻﻑِ َﺳ َنةٍ‪َ .‬و ْال َب ِابلِي ْﱡو َﻥ‬ ‫‪ -٦‬الﺳ ْﱠو َم ِري ْﱡو َﻥ َﻻ َﻏ ْي ُر ُه ْم ُه ْم َم ِﻥ ْ‬
‫ﺕ ﻓِﻲ ْال َه ْندَ َﺳةِ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿع ُْوا َﻗ َوا ِني َْﻥ ْال ُم َثلﱠ َثا ِ‬ ‫َﻻ ْالي ُْو َنا ِني ْﱡو َﻥ ُه ْم َمﻥْ َو َ‬
‫‪۳‬‬
‫اﺧت َِﻼﻑِ ﺃَﺣْ رُﻑِ ْال َع ْطﻑِ ﻓِﻲ ْال ُج َم ِﻝ ْاﻵ ِت َية‪:‬‬ ‫ِﻥ ْ‬ ‫َبي ِﱢﻥ ْال َم َعان َِﻲ ْالم ُْﺧ َتلِ َﻔ َة ْالمُﺳْ َت َﻔادَ َة م ِ‬
‫‪ -4‬ا ْﻗ َر ْﺃ ِﻛ َتابًا ﺃَ ْو ِﻗﺻ ًﱠة‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ا ْﻗ َر ْﺃ ِﻛ َتابًا َو ِﻗﺻ ًﱠة‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ا ْﻗ َر ْﺃ ِﻛ َتابًا َﻻ ِﻗﺻ ًﱠة‪.‬‬ ‫‪-2‬ا ْﻗ َر ْﺃ ِﻛ َتابًا َﻓ ِﻘﺻ ًﱠة‪.‬‬
‫‪-۳‬ا ْﻗ َر ْﺃ ِﻛ َتابًا ُث ﱠم ِﻗﺻ ًﱠة‪.‬‬

‫‪٧٣‬‬
 ‫‪٤‬‬
‫َم ﱢث ْﻝ لِ َما َيلِﻲ ِب ُج َم ٍﻝ ُم ِﻔيْدَ ٍة َمﺿْ ب ُْو َط ٍة ِبال ﱠﺷ ْﻛ ِﻝ‪:‬‬
‫‪َ -١‬ﻋ ْطﻑُ جُمْ َل ٍة َﻋ َلﻰ ُج ْم َل ٍة ‪.‬‬
‫ْﺏ َم َﻊ ال ﱠت َراﺧِﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻑ ُي ِﻔ ْي ُد ال ﱠترْ ِتي َ‬ ‫‪َ -2‬ﺣرْ ﻑُ َﻋ ْط ٍ‬
‫‪َ -۳‬ﻋ ْطﻑُ ﺷِ ْب ِﻪ ُج ْم َل ٍة َﻋ َلﻰ ﺷِ ْب ِﻪ ُج ْم َلةٍ‪.‬‬
‫ﺙ َﺳال ٍِم َﻋ َلﻰ َجم ِْﻊ م َُﺫ ﱠﻛ ٍر َﺳال ٍِم‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ -4‬ﻋ ْطﻑُ َجم ِْﻊ م َُﺅ ﱠن ٍ‬
‫‪َ -٥‬ﺣرْ ﻑُ َﻋ ْط ٍ‬
‫ﻑ ُي ِﻔ ْي ُد ال ﱠت ْﻘﺳِ ْي َم‪.‬‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫ا ْﻗ َرﺃ‪ُ ،‬ث ﱠم ﺃَ ِجﺏْ َﻋ ِﻥ ْاﻷﺳِ ْﺋ َلةِ‪:‬‬
‫)ﺧمْﺱُ َر َﺳا ِﺋ َﻝ ﺇ َلﻰ ﺃُمﱢﻲ(‪:‬‬ ‫َﻗا َﻝ ن َِزا ُر َﻗبﱠانِﻲﱡ ﻓِﻲ َﻗﺻِ ْي ِد ِت ِﻪ َ‬
‫ﺻ َبا ُﺡ ْال َﺧي ِْر َيا ﺣ ُْل َوﻩ‪..‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫ْﺳتِﻲ ْالﺣ ُْل َوﻩ‬ ‫ﺻ َبا ُﺡ ْال َﺧي ِْر َيا ِﻗ ﱢدي َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻥ َيا ﺃُمﱢﻲ‬ ‫ﺿﻰ َﻋا َم ِ‬ ‫َم َ‬
‫َﻋ َلﻰ ْال َو َل ِد الﱠﺫِﻱ ﺃَب َْﺣ َر‬
‫ِب ِرﺣْ َل ِت ِﻪ ْال ُﺧ َرا ِﻓيﱠﻪ‬
‫َو َﺧبﱠﺄ َ ﻓِﻲ ِﺣ َﻘا ِﺋ ْب ِﻪ‬
‫ﺿر‬ ‫اﺡ ِب َﻼ ِد ِﻩ ْاﻷَ ْﺧ َ‬ ‫ﺻ َب َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫َوﺃَ ْن ُج َم َها‪َ ،‬وﺃَ ْنه َُر َها‪َ ،‬و ُﻛ ﱠﻝ َﺷ ِﻘ ْي ِﻘ َها ْاﻷَﺣْ َمر‬
‫َو َﺧبﱠﺄ ﻓِﻲ َم َﻼ ِبﺳِ ِﻪ‬
‫َ ً‬
‫الزﻋْ َتر‬ ‫اﻉ َو ﱠ‬ ‫ط َر ِاب ْينا م َِﻥ ال ﱢنعْ َن ِ‬
‫َو َل ْي َل َﻛ ًة ِد َم ْﺷ ِﻘيﱠة‪..‬‬
‫ﻑ ْال َع ْطﻑِ ُم َب ﱢي ًنا َن ْو َﻉ ْال َع ْطﻑِ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻑ َﻋ َل ْيﻪِ‪َ ،‬و َﺣرْ َ‬ ‫ط ْو َ‬ ‫ﻑ‪َ ،‬و ْال َمعْ ُ‬ ‫ط ْو َ‬ ‫‪ -١‬اﺳْ َت ْﺧرﺝ ْال َمعْ ُ‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﺕ اﺳْ َت ْﺧ ِرجْ َها‪َ ،‬و ِبيﱢﻥْ َﻋ َﻼ َم َة ﺇِﻋْ َر ِاب َها‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ ُنع ُْو ٌ‬
‫ِﺏ ِباللﱠ ْو ِﻥ ْاﻷَﺣْ َم ِر‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -۳‬ﺃَﻋْ ِرﺏْ َما ُﻛت َ‬

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 ‫اﻟﺪ ْر ُس اﻟ َّﺜﺎﻟ ُ‬
‫ِﺚ‪ :‬اﻷ َد ُب‬ ‫َّ‬

‫ﺸ ْﻌ ُﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﱠ ْﻤﺜِﻴﻠِ ﱡﻲ )ﺍ ْﻟ َﻤ ْ‬
‫ﺴ َﺮ ِﺣ ﱡﻲ(‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﱢ‬

‫ﺻا ُﻍ َﻋ َلﻰ‬ ‫ﺻا ِﺋ ُد ُت َ‬ ‫ار ال َمﺳْ َرﺣِﻲﱢ ‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْو ه َُو َﻗ َ‬ ‫ُ‬

‫ه َُو ْال َﻔﻥﱡ الﱠﺫِﻱ َي ﱠتﺧِﺫ ال ﱢﺷعْ َر لِﻛِتاب ِة ْالﺣ َِو ِ‬
‫ﺕ َناطِ َﻘ ٍة لِ َتمْ ِث ْيلِ َها َﻋ َلﻰ ْال َمﺳْ َر ِﺡ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃَ ْلﺳِ َن ِة َﺷ ْﺧﺻِ يﱠا ٍ‬
‫ﺻاﺋِﺹُ ال ﱢﺷعْ ِر ال ﱠت ْم ِث ْيلِﻲﱢ ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ِه َﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃَمﱠا َﺧ َ‬
‫ُمثﻝُ‪ ،‬ويﺻْ َﺣ ُب ُﻪ َم ْن َﻅ ٌر ﺃَ ْو َتﺻْ ِم ْي ٌم‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﺃ ﱠن ُﻪ َﻻ ُي ْﻘ َرﺃ ُ ْﺃو يُﺳْ َمﻊُ‪ ،‬ب ْﻝ ي ﱠ‬
‫ﺕ م َُعب َﱢر ٍة َﻋ ِﻥ ْال َمعْ َنﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫ار‪َ ،‬و َت ْﻘ ِدي ِْم ْال ِﻔ ْﻛ َر ِة ِبﺄ َ َﻗ ِﻝ َﻛلِ َما ٍ‬‫ِﺻ ِ‬ ‫اﻻﺧت َ‬ ‫از َو ْ‬ ‫‪َ -2‬ي ﱠتﺳِ ُم ِب ْاﻹي َْج ِ‬
‫ِﺻﺻًا َمعْ ر ُْو َﻓ ًة‪.‬‬ ‫ﺄر ْي ِﺧي ًﱠة‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْو ﻗ َ‬ ‫َ ً‬
‫‪َ -۳‬ﻛ ِثيْرً ا َما َي َت َن َاو ُﻝ ﺃﺣْ دَ اثا َت ِ‬
‫ﱡوﻥ ُه ْم ﺃَوﱠ ُﻝ َمﻥْ َﻋ َر َﻓ ُﻪ م َِﻥ ْاﻷ ُ َم ِم‪.‬‬ ‫َو ْاليُو َنا ِني َ‬
‫ﻑ َه َﺫا اللﱠ ْو َﻥ ال ﱢﺷعْ ِرﻱﱠ ﻓِﻲ ْال َعﺻْ ِر ْال َﺣ ِد ْيﺙِ‪َ ،‬بعْ دَ َﺣ ْم َل ِة‬ ‫ﺃَمﱠا ْاﻷَدَ ﺏُ ْال َع َر ِبﻲﱡ َﻓ َﻘ ْد َﻋ َر َ‬
‫ﺕ ُم َتﺄ َ ﱢﺧ ٍر‪َ .‬وم َِﻥ‬ ‫ﺏ ﱠﺇﻻ ﻓِﻲ َو ْﻗ ٍ‬ ‫ُوﻥ َﻋ َلﻰ ِمﺻْ َر؛ ِﻷَﻥﱠ ال ﱠتمْ ِث ْي َﻝ َل ْم يُعْ َرﻑْ ﻋِ ْندَ ْال َع َر ِ‬ ‫َن ِاب ْلي َ‬
‫الﺫ ْﻛ ِر ﺃﻥﱠ ُﺧلُوﱠ ال ﱢﺷعْ ِر ْال َع َربﻲﱢ م َِﻥ ال ﱢﺷعْ ِر ال َمﺳْ َرﺣِﻲﱢ َﻻ ُي ْنﻘِﺹُ مِﻥ ِﻗ ْي َم ِتﻪِ؛ ِﻷَﻥﱠ‬ ‫ْال َج ِديْر ِب ﱢ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺕ َها ِﺋ َلةٍ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺹ َو ِﺣ َﻛا َيا ٍ‬ ‫ﺻ ٍ‬ ‫ال ﱢﺷعْ َر ْال َع َر ِبﻲﱠ ﻓِﻲ َط ِبي َْع ِت ِﻪ ﻏِ َناﺋِﻲﱞ ؛ َﻋ َلﻰ الرﱠ ْﻏ ِم ِمﻥْ وُ جُو ِد َﻗ َ‬
‫وﻥ ﺷِ عْ رً ا َمﺳْ َر ِﺣ ًّيا‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﻓِﻲ ال ﱢﺷعْ ِر ْال َع َربﻲﱢ ‪َ ،‬ل ِﻛ ﱠن َها َﻻ َترْ َتﻘِﻲ ﺇ َلﻰ ﺃَﻥْ َت ُﻛ َ‬ ‫ارا ٍ‬ ‫َوﺣ َِو َ‬
‫ﺏ ْال َع َربﻲﱢ ‪َ ،‬مﺳْ َر ِﺣ ﱠي ُة َﺧلِيْﻝ‬ ‫ﺕ ال ﱢﺷعْ ِر ﱠي ِة ﻓِﻲ ْاﻷَدَ ِ‬ ‫َوﺃَوﱠ ُﻝ َما َﻅ َه َر م َِﻥ ْال َمﺳْ َر ِﺣيﱠا ِ‬
‫)ال ُمر ُْو َءة َو ْال َو َﻓاء(‪.‬‬ ‫از ِجﻲﱢ ْال َمعْ رُو َﻓ ُة بـِـ ْ‬ ‫ْال َي ِ‬
‫ﻑ َﺳب َْﻊ‬ ‫َلﻛِﻥﱠ ال ﱠد ْو َر الرﱢ َيادِﻱﱠ َي ْب َﻘﻰ ِﻷَﺣْ مدَ َﺷ ْوﻗِﻲ ﻓِﻲ ال ﱢﺷعْ ِر ْال َمﺳْ َرﺣِﻲﱢ ‪ ،‬الﱠﺫِﻱ ﺃَلﱠ َ‬
‫ِﻲ‪َ :‬مﺻْ َر ُﻉ ِﻛلُي ُْو َبا ْت َرا‪َ ،‬و َﻗم ِْب ْي ُز‪َ ،‬و َﻋلِﻲﱞ‬ ‫ﺕ ِم ْن َها َن َﻅ َم َها ﺷِ عْ رً ا‪َ ،‬وه َ‬ ‫َمﺳْ َر ِﺣيﱠاﺕٍ‪ ،‬ﺳِ ﱞ‬
‫اﻥ )ﺃَ ِمي َْرةُ‬ ‫ﱢﺕ هُدَ ﻯ‪َ ،‬و َواﺣِدَ ةٌ َن ْث ٌر ِب ُع ْن َو ِ‬ ‫َبﻙ ْال َﻛ ِب ْيرُ‪َ ،‬و َمجْ ُن ْوﻥُ َل ْي َلﻰ‪َ ،‬و َﻋ ْن َت َرةُ‪َ ،‬والﺳ ُ‬
‫ﺏ ْال َع َر ِبﻲﱢ ْالم َُعاﺻِ ِر‪َ ،‬ﺳ َل َﻛ ُﻪ َﻋدَ ٌد َﻗلِ ْي ٌﻝ‬ ‫ﺱ(‪َ .‬و َن َج َﺢ ﻓِﻲ ﺃَﻥْ َي ْﺧ َت ﱠط َم َﺳارً ا ﻓِﻲ ْاﻷَدَ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ْاﻷ ْندَ لُ ِ‬
‫ﺻ َﻼ ُﺡ َﻋ ْب ُد‬ ‫اوﻱﱡ ‪َ ،‬و َ‬ ‫اﻅة‪َ ،‬و َﻋ ْب ُد الرﱠ ﺣْ َم ِﻥ ال ﱠﺷرْ َﻗ ِ‬ ‫م َِﻥ ال ﱡﺷ َع َرا ِء َبعْ دَ ﻩُ‪ِ ،‬م ْن ُه ْم‪َ :‬ﻋ ِز ْي ُز ﺃَ َب َ‬
‫ﺻب ُْور‪َ ،‬و َﻏ ْي ُر ُه ْم‪.‬‬
‫ال ﱠ‬

‫‪٧٥‬‬
‫اﻥ َﻏ َزا َلة ﺃَوﱠ َﻝ م َُﺣ َاو َل ٍة‬ ‫اﻝ( لِ ُﺳ َل ْي َم َ‬ ‫ْط ِ‬‫ﺕ َمﺳْ َر ِﺣ ﱠي ُة ) َله َْج ُة ْاﻷَب َ‬ ‫ﺃَمﱠا ﻓِﻲ ْالع َِر ِ‬
‫اق َﻓ َﻘدَ َﻛا َن ْ‬
‫ﺕ ﻓِﻲ َﻋام ‪١۹١١‬م‪ ،‬ﺃَﻱْ ﺇ ﱠن ُﻪ َﺳ َب َق ﺃَﺣْ َمدَ‬ ‫لِ ِﻛ َتاب ِة ْال َمﺳْ َر ِﺣ ﱠي ِة ال ﱢﺷعْ ر ﱠي ِة الع َِرا ِﻗ ﱠي ِة الﱠتِﻲ ُ‬
‫ط ِب َع ْ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اق‪،‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﻓِﻲ ُﺣ ُد ْو ِد ْالع َِر ِ‬ ‫َﺷ ْوﻗِﻲ ﻓِﻲ ِر َيادَ ِة ِﻛ َتا َب ِة ْال َمﺳْ َر ِﺣ ﱠي ِة ال ﱢﺷعْ ِر ﱠيةِ‪ ،‬ﱠﺇﻻ ﺃَﻥﱠ م َُﺣ َاو َل َت ُﻪ َب ِﻘ َي ْ‬
‫ارﺳِ ي َْﻥ َﻗ ِد ا ﱠت َﻔﻘُوا َﻋ َلﻰ ﺃَﻥﱠ ْال ِبدَ ا َي َة ْال َﺣ ِﻘ ْي ِﻘ ﱠي َة‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ ْ ﱠ‬
‫ار‪ ،‬ﱠﺇﻻ ﺃﻥﱠ ال ﱠد ِ‬ ‫َول ْم َتﺄ ُﺧﺫ َﺣﻅ َها م َِﻥ اﻻ ْن ِت َﺷ ِ‬
‫ﺕ َم َﻊ َمﺳْ َر ِﺣ ﱠي ِة ) َﺷ ْمﺳُو(‪ ،‬لِل ﱠﺷاﻋِ ِر َﺧالِ ِد ال ﱠﺷوﱠ اﻑِ ‪ُ .‬ث ﱠم‬ ‫اق َﻛا َن ْ‬ ‫لل ﱢﺷعْ ِر ال ﱠتمْ ِث ْيلِﻲﱢ ﻓِﻲ ْالع َِر ِ‬
‫الطاﺋِﻲﱡ ‪َ ،‬و َﻋا ِت َﻛ ُة ْال َﺧ ْز َر ِجﻲﱡ ‪َ ،‬و َمعْ ُد ْال ُجب ُْو ِرﻱﱡ‬ ‫َت َﻼﻩُ َﻋدَ ٌد م َِﻥ ال ﱡﺷ َع َرا ِء‪ِ ،‬م ْن ُه ْم ُﺧﺿْ ُر ﱠ‬
‫ﺁﺧر ُْو َﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫َوم َُﺣ ﱠم ٌد َﻋلِﻲﱞ ْال َﺧ َﻔا ِجﻲﱡ ‪َ ،‬و َ‬

‫َﺧﺎﻟِﺪ ﺍﻟ ﱠ‬
‫ﺸ ﱠﻮﺍﻑُ‬

‫وُ لِدَ َﺧالِد ال ﱠﺷوﱠ اﻑُ ﻓِﻲ ْال َﻛرْ ِﺥ ِب َب ْﻐدَ ادَ َﻋام ‪١۹24‬م‪َ ،‬و ِﻓ ْي َها‬
‫اﺳ َتﻪُ‪.‬‬‫ﺃَ ْﻛ َم َﻝ د َِر َ‬
‫ﱠﺱ َمجْ لِﺳًا‬ ‫دَ َﺧ َﻝ ُﻛلﱢ ﱠي َة ْال ُﺣﻘُ ْو ِق َو َت َﺧرﱠ َﺝ ِﻓ ْي َها َﻋا َم ‪١۹4۸‬م‪ْ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃَﺳ َ‬
‫ار َق‬ ‫ﺿ َﻼ ِء‪َ ،‬ﻓ َ‬ ‫ﺃَدَ ِب ًّيا َي ْﺧ َتلِﻑُ ﺇل ْي ِﻪ ُن ْﺧ َب ٌة م َِﻥ ْاﻷُدَ َبا ِء َوال ﱡﺷ َع َرا ِء َو ْالﻔُ َ‬
‫ْال َﺣ َيا َة َﻋا َم ‪20١2‬م ﻓِﻲ َب ْﻐدَ ادَ ‪َ ،‬و ُدﻓ َِﻥ ِﻓ ْي َها‪.‬‬
‫ﺻاﺋِد ِﻩ َﻋا َم ‪١۹40‬م‪َ ،‬ﺣ ﱠتﻰ َﺇﺫا َب َل َﻎ‬ ‫ﺏ ال ﱢﺷعْ َر َﻋا َم ‪١۹۳۸‬م‪َ ،‬و َن َﺷ َر ﺃ ُ ْو َلﻰ َﻗ َ‬ ‫َﻛ َت َ‬
‫وﻥ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال َمﺳْ َر ِﺣ ﱠي ُة‬‫ْال ِع ْﺷ ِري َْﻥ ِمﻥْ ُﻋم ُِرﻩِ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ﱠﻛ َر ﻓِﻲ ِﻛ َتا َب ِة َمﺳْ َر ِﺣ ﱠي ٍة ﺷِ عْ ِر ﱠيةٍ‪َ ،‬و َرﺃَﻯ ﺃَﻥْ َت ُﻛ َ‬
‫ﺏ َمﺳْ َر ِﺣ ﱠي َة‬ ‫اق ْال َﻘ ِدي ِْم؛ َﻓ َﻛ َت َ‬ ‫ْﺦ ْالع َِر ِ‬ ‫ﺏ َت ِ‬
‫اري ِ‬ ‫ار َتﺄْ ِر ْيﺧِﻲﱟ ُي َم ﱢث ُﻝ ُﺣ ْﻘ َب ًة ِمﻥْ ُﺣ َﻘ ِ‬ ‫ﺇط ٍ‬‫ﻓِﻲ َ‬
‫ﺻ ْيﻑِ َﻋ ِام ‪١۹44‬م‪ ،‬الﱠتِﻲ َﻋ ﱠد َها ال ﱡن ﱠﻘا ُد ﺃَوﱠ َﻝ َمﺳْ َر ِﺣ ﱠي ٍة ﺷِ عْ ِر ﱠي ٍة ﻋِ َرا ِﻗ ﱠيةٍ‪،‬‬ ‫) َﺷمْ ﺳُو( ﻓِﻲ َ‬
‫ﺕ َﻗ ْب َل َها ِب َﺳ َن َواﺕٍ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻥ َﻏ َزا َلة ُﻛ ِت َب ْ‬ ‫اﻝ( لِ ُﺳلِ ْي َم َ‬‫ْط ِ‬ ‫َﻋ َلﻰ الرﱠ ْﻏم ِمﻥْ ﺃَﻥﱠ َمﺳْ َر ِﺣ ﱠي َة ) َله َْج َُة ْاﻷَب َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫وق‪ .‬ونﺳتطي ُﻊ الﻘوﻝ ﺁن ُﻪ ﺳبق الﺷاﻋر ﺃﺣمد‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻥ ال ﱠﺷوﱠ اﻑُ َيو َم ِﺋ ٍﺫ طاِلبًا ﻓِﻲ ﻛل َي ِة ال ُﺣﻘ ِ‬ ‫َو َﻛ َ‬
‫ﺷوﻗﻲ ﻓﻲ هﺫا المجاﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫اق(؛ ﺇِ ْﺫ َل ُﻪ َﻋدَ ٌد م َِﻥ ْال َمﺳْ َر ِﺣيﱠا ِ‬ ‫ـ)را ِﺋ ِد ْال َمﺳْ َر ِﺣ ﱠي ِة ال ﱢﺷعْ ِر ﱠي ِة ﻓِﻲ ْالع َِر ِ‬ ‫ﺏ ِب َ‬ ‫لُ ﱢﻘ َ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ْﻥ‪َ ،‬والرﱡ و ُم‪َ ،‬والﺻ ْﱠو ُ‬ ‫الز ْي ُتو َن ُة‪َ ،‬وﻗُرﱠ ةُ ْال َعي ِ‬ ‫ال ﱢﺷعْ ِر ﱠيةِ‪ِ ،‬م ْن َها‪َ :‬ﺷمْ ﺳُو‪َ ،‬و ْاﻷَﺳْ َوارُ‪َ ،‬و ﱠ‬
‫اﺡ‪َ ،‬وﺣُدَ ا ٌء َوﻏِ َناءٌ(‪َ ،‬و َمجْ م ُْو َﻋ ُة‬ ‫ْال َج ِه ْيرُ‪ .‬و َل ُﻪ ﺃَ ْيﺿًا ِدي َْوا َنا ﺷِ عْ ٍر‪ُ ،‬ه َما‪) :‬مِﻥ َل ِه ْي ِ ْ‬
‫ﺏ ال ِﻛ َﻔ ِ‬
‫اﻥ‪) :‬ﻓِﻲ ُﻛ ﱢﻝ َوادٍ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﺻِ ﻲﱟ ِب ُع ْن َو ِ‬ ‫ﺷِ عْ ٍر َﻗ َ‬
‫)ﺣ ْﻴ َﺮﺍﻡ ُﻣ ْﻨ ِﺸ ًﺪﺍ ﺇﻟَﻰ َﻧ ْﻨ ُﻜﻮ َﺭﺍ َ‬
‫‪...‬ﻧ ْﻨ ُﻜﻮ َﺭﺍ(‪.‬‬ ‫)ﺷ ْﻤ ُﺴﻮ( ﻟِ ْﻠ ِﺤ ْﻔ ِﻆ ِﻣ ْﻦ ِ‬ ‫ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻣ ْﺴ َﺮ ِﺣ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ َ‬

‫‪٧٦‬‬
 ‫ْﺍﻟ َﻤ ْﻨ َﻈ ُﺮ ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭ ُﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ُوﺵ َب ِاب َﻝ َﻋ َلﻰ ْال ِﺣ ْي ِث ﱢيي َْﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ار ُجي ِ‬ ‫ِﺻ ِ‬‫اﻝ ِبا ْنت َ‬ ‫»ر ْد َه ٌة ﻓِﻲ ْال َﻘﺻْ ِر ْال َم َلﻛِﻲﱢ ِب َب ِاب َﻝ‪َ ،‬ل ْي َل ُة اﻻﺣْ ِت َﻔ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫وﻥ«‪.‬‬‫ﻙ َباب َﻝ َووُ َز َراﺅُ ﻩُ َوﻗُوﱠ ا ُدﻩُ َيﺣِﻑﱡ ِب ِه ْم ال ﱡﺳ َﻘاةُ َو ْال ُم ْنﺷِ ُد َ‬ ‫َملِ ُ‬
‫ِﺣي َْرا ُم‪ُ ) :‬م ْنﺷِ ًدا(‬
‫ﺕ َناﺻِ َي َة ْال َمدَ اﺋ ِِﻥ َو ْالﻘُ َرﻯ‬ ‫ِتي ِْهﻲ َﻋ َلﻰ ال ﱡد ْن َيا َو َباهِﻲ ْاﻷَﻋْ ﺻ َُرا ‪َ ...‬م َل ْﻛ ِ‬
‫الﺫ َرا‬‫اﺕ ﻓِﻲ ﱡ‬ ‫ُه ﱢن ْﺋﺕِ) َب ِاب َﻝ( ِب ْالﻔُ ُت ْو ِﺡ َو َهﺫ ِﻩ ‪...‬ﺃَﻋْ َﻼ ُم َنﺻْ ِرﻙِ َﺧا ِﻓ َﻘ ٌ‬
‫ﻙ الﱠﺫِﻱ ﺃَ ْن َج ْب ِتﻪِ‪ ...‬ﺃَﺿْ َﻔﻰ َﻋ َل ْيﻙِ َﻛ َما ا ْﺷ َت َه ْي ِ‬
‫ﺕ ْال َم ْﻔ َﺧ َرا‬ ‫َه َﺫا ا ْب ُنﻙِ ْال َملِ ُ‬
‫ﺕ ِﺣي َْرا ُم‬ ‫ﺃَ ْن َوا ْيلُو‪ :‬ﺃَﺣْ َﺳ ْن َ‬
‫ﺕ ِﺣي َْرا ُم‬ ‫ِﺇي ْبرُو‪ :‬ﺃَﺣْ َﺳ ْن َ‬
‫ﺕ لِل ﱢﺷعْ ِر ِﺣي َْرا ُم‬ ‫ﺕ‪َ :‬ﻻ ِز ْل َ‬ ‫ﺻ ْو ٌ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺃَ ْن َوا ْيلُو‪ِ :‬ﺣي َْرا ُم‪َ ...‬ه ْﻝ ِمﻥْ َم ِز ْيدٍ؟ ﺃ ُ ْﻏ ِن َيةٍ‪ ...‬ﺃَ ْو َنﺷِ ْيد‪...‬‬
‫ﺕ ب ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺻدَ ﺣْ ُ‬ ‫ِﺣي َْرا ُم‪ :‬ﻋِ ْندِﻱ َنﺷِ ْي ٌد َل ُﻛ ْم َﻓجْ رً ا َ‬
‫ْﺢ ﻋُﺻْ ﻔُورً ا؟‬ ‫ﺻب ِ‬ ‫ﺃَ َما َﺳ ِمعْ ُت ْم ﻗُ َب ْي َﻝ ال ﱡ‬
‫ورا(‬ ‫َل ﱠﻘ ْن ُت ُﻪ َﻏادَ ًة ﻓِﻲ ْال َﻘﺻْ ِر َﺷا ِد َي ًة‪َ ...‬ﻓﺄَي َْﻥ َيا َج ْو َﻗ َة ْالع ﱠُزاﻑِ ) َن ْن ُﻛ َ‬
‫ورا‬‫ورا‪َ ...‬ن ْن ُﻛ َ‬ ‫اﺕ ْالع ﱠُزاﻑِ ‪َ :‬ن ْن ُﻛ َ‬ ‫ﺃَﺻْ َو ُ‬
‫) ُت ْﻘ ِب ُﻝ ْالم َُﻐ ﱢن َي ُة َو َت ْن َﺣنِﻲ ﺃَ َما َم ْال َملِﻙِ (‬
‫) َتعْ ِزﻑُ ْال َج ْو َﻗ ُة َو ُت َﻐ ﱢنﻲ َن ْن ُﻛ ْو َرا َنﺷِ يْدَ ال ﱠنﺻْ ِر(‪:‬‬
‫َمرْ َﺣبًا َيا ِر َجا ْﻝ‬ ‫َيا ِر َجا َﻝ ْال َو َﻏﻰ‬
‫ﺿا ْﻝ‬ ‫اﻙ ال ﱢن َ‬ ‫َبعْ دَ َﺫ َ‬ ‫ﻋ ُْد ُتمُو ل ِْل ِﺣ َمﻰ‬
‫َمرْ َﺣبًا‪َ ...‬مرْ َﺣ َبا‬
‫ﺕ‪ :‬ﻗُم ِْري ٌﱠة َﺳا ِج َع ٌة َﻋ َلﻰ َﻓ َنﻥْ‬ ‫ﺻ ْو ٌ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺁﺧرُ‪َ :‬ن ْن ُﻛ ْو ُر َه َﻛ َﺫا ْال ِﻐ َناءُ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ْل َي ُﻛﻥْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻋ ًة؟‬‫ِﺇي ْبرُو‪َ :‬يﻘُ ْو ُم مُﺳْ َتﺄْ ِﺫ ًنا‪ :‬ﺃَ َيﺄ َ َﺫﻥُ لِﻲ َﺳ ﱢيدِﻱ َﺳ َ‬
‫ﺃَ ْن َوا ْيلُو‪ :‬ﺇ َلﻰ ﺃَي َْﻥ َتمْ ﺿِ ﻲ؟‬
‫ِﺇي ْبرُو‪ :‬ﺃَ ُز ْو ُر ْاﻷَ ِمي َْر‬
‫ﺕ ِﺇي ْبرُو‪َ ،‬وﺇﻥْ َتﺳْ َتطِ ﻊ ‪َ ...‬ﻓ َﺣب ْﱢﺫ َل ُﻪ َواﺻْ َط ِﺣ ْب ُﻪ ْال ُﺣﺿ ُْور‬ ‫ﺃَ ْن َوا ْيلُو‪َ :‬ﻛ َما ﺷِ ْﺋ َ‬

‫‪٧٧‬‬
 ‫) َي ُه ﱡم ِﺇي ْبرُو ِباﻻ ْنﺻِ َراﻑِ ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َيﺳْ َت ْو ِﻗﻔُ ُﻪ ْال َملِﻙُ(‬
‫اﺱ ﺃَ ﱠﻻ َي ْن ِزلُوا‬ ‫ﺃ ْنوا ْيلُو‪ِ :‬ﺇي ْبرُو‪ ...‬م ُِر ْالﺣُرﱠ َ‬
‫ﺷولِ َﻛاﺋِﻲ( َو) َبعْ لُو َﺷا َما(‬ ‫ُﺫ ًّﻻ ) ِب ُ‬
‫َﻓ ُه َما ِمﻥْ ﺃَ ْب َناء ْالم ُْلوﻙِ َو َل ْم َت ُﻛﻥْ‬
‫ُوﻥ َم َﻘا َما‬
‫اﺕ ال ﱡﺳج ِ‬ ‫َل ُه َما ﻏِ َيا َب ُ‬
‫‪...‬ﺳﺄ ُ َبلﱢ ُﻎ ْالﺣُرﱠ َ‬
‫اﺱ َوال ُﺧ ﱠدا َما‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻋ ًة‬
‫ﻙ َو َط َ‬ ‫ِﺇي ْبرُو‪َ :‬ﺳ ْمعًا ِﻷَ ْم ِر َﻙ َيا َملِ ْي ُ‬
‫‪ ....‬ﺳِ َتار‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﱠ ْﺤﻠِ ْﻴ ُﻞ‬

‫ﺿ ُﻊ‬‫َت َت َن َاو ُﻝ َمﺳْ َر ِﺣ ﱠي ُة ) َﺷ ْمﺳُو( َﻋ ْه ًدا ِمﻥْ ُﻋهُو ِد ْال ُﺣ ْﻘب ِة ْال َب ِابل ﱠي ِة ْاﻷَ ِﺧيْر ِة َو َت َ‬
‫ﺕ َﺣ ِﻘ ْي ِﻘي ًﱠة؛‬ ‫ْﺳ ْ‬ ‫ﺕ ت ِْل َﻙ ْال ُﺣ ْﻘ َب َة‪ .‬ﺃَﻱْ ﺇِﻥﱠ ﺃَﺣْ دَ ا َثها َلي َ‬ ‫اﺙ َو ْال َو َﻗاﺋ َِﻊ َو ْاﻷﺳْ َما َء الﱠتِﻲ َم َﻸَ ْ‬ ‫ْاﻷَﺣْ دَ َ‬
‫ﺕ ﻓِﻲ َب ِاب َﻝ‪َ ،‬وﺇ ﱠن َما‬ ‫ِﺙ َو َﻗ َع ْ‬‫ِﻷَﻥﱠ ال ﱠﺷاﻋِ َر َل ْم َي ُر ْم ِمﻥْ ِﻛ َتا َب ِت َها ﺃَﻥْ ُي َﻘ ﱢد َم َتﺄْ ِري ًْﺧا ﺷِ َع ِر ًّيا ل َِﺣ َواد َ‬
‫ار َب ِابلﻲﱟ ‪.‬‬ ‫ُي َﻘ ﱢد ُم ﻓ ِْﻛ َر ًة اﺻْ َط َن َﻊ َل َها َج ًّوا َب ِابلِ ًّيا َوﺻ ُْو َر ًة ﻓِﻲ َ‬
‫ﺇط ٍ‬
‫ار‬‫ِﺻ ِ‬ ‫اﻝ ِبا ْنت َ‬ ‫َت َتﺄلﱠﻑُ ْال َمﺳْ َر ِﺣ ﱠي ُة ِمﻥْ ﺃَرْ َبع ِة ﻓُﺻ ُْو ٍﻝ‪َ ،‬يبْدَ ﺃ ُ ْال َﻔﺻْ ُﻝ ْاﻷَوﱠ ُﻝ ِب َم ْن َﻅ ِر اﻻﺣْ ِت َﻔ ِ‬
‫الطالِﺏ َم ْﻘ َطعًا ِم ْنﻪُ‪َ ،‬بدَ ﺃَ ِب ْال ُم ْنﺷِ ِد‬ ‫ﺵ َب ِاب َﻝ َﻋ َلﻰ ْال ِﺣ ْي ِث ﱢيي َْﻥ‪َ .‬و َﻗ ْد َﻗ ﱠدمْ َنا َل َﻙ َﻋزيْزﻱّ ﱠ‬
‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ُجي ُْو ِ‬
‫) ِﺣي َْرام(‪ ،‬الﱠﺫِﻱ ﺃَ َﺧ َﺫ َيﺻْ د ُﺡ ِبال ﱠنﺻْ ِر َو ُي َمجﱢ ُد َب ِاب َﻝ َوﻓُ ُت ْو َﺣا ِت َها‪.‬‬
‫اط ِة ﻓِﻲ ْاﻷُﺳْ لُوﺏِ‪،‬‬ ‫و َي ْﻅ َه ُر م َِﻥ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ ﺃَ ﱠن ُﻪ َﻗ ِد ْال َت َز َم ِب ْال َو ْز ِﻥ َو ْال َﻘا ِﻓ َيةِ‪َ ،‬وا ﱠت َﺳ َم ِب ْال َب َﺳ َ‬
‫ار ِﻓ ْيﻪِ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷي ُْو ِﻉ ْالﺣ َِو ِ‬‫َﻓﺿْ ًﻼ َﻋﻥْ ا ْنعِدَ ِام الﺻ َﱡو ِر ال ﱢﺷعْ ِر ﱠيةِ‪َ ،‬و ُ‬

‫ﺃَ ْ‬
‫ﺳﺌِﻠَﺔُ ﺍ ْﻟ ُﻤﻨَﺎﻗَ َ‬
‫ﺸ ِﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪َ -١‬ما ال ﱢﺷعْ ُر ال ﱠتمْ ِث ْيلِﻲﱡ ؟‬

‫ﻑ ْاﻷَدَ ﺏُ ْال َعربﻲﱡ ال ﱢﺷعْ َر ال ﱠتمْ ِث ْيلِﻲﱠ ؟‬ ‫‪َ -2‬م َتﻰ َﻋ َر َ‬
‫‪َ -۳‬ﻋلﱢ ْﻝ َما َيﺄتِﻲ‪ :‬ﺃ‪ُ -‬ﺧلُوﱡ ال ﱢﺷعْ ِر ْال َع َربﻲﱢ م َِﻥ ال ﱢﺷعْ ِر ْال َمﺳْ َرﺣِﻲﱢ َﻻ ُي ْنﻘِﺹُ ِمﻥْ ِﻗ ْي َم ِتﻪِ‪.‬‬
‫اﻥ َﻏ َزا َلة( ﻓِﻲ ِﻛ َتاب ِة ْال َمﺳْ َر ِﺣ ﱠي ِة ال ﱢﺷعْ ر ﱠيةِ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪-‬ﻋ َلﻰ الرﱠ ْﻏ ِم ِمﻥْ َت َﻘ ﱡد ِم ْالع َِراﻗِﻲﱢ ) ُﺳ َل ْي َم َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺕ الرﱢ َيادةُ ﻓِﻲ َه َﺫا ال َﻔﻥﱢ ِﻷَﺣْ َمدَ َﺷ ْوﻗِﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫َب ِﻘ َي ِ‬

‫‪٧٨‬‬
 ‫ْﺍﻟ َﻮ ْﺣ َﺪ ُﺓ ْﺍﻟ َﺨﺎ ِﻣ َﺴ َﺔ َﻋ ْﺸ َ‬
‫ﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺲ‬ ‫ﻳﺐ ﱠ ْ‬‫ُﺣ ْﺴ ُﻦ ْﺍﻟ ُﺨﻠُ ِﻖ َﻭ َﺗ ْﻬ ِﺬ ُ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔ ِ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﱠ ْﻤ ِﻬ ْﻴ ُﺪ‬

‫ﺻ َها ﷲُ َت َعا َلﻰ ِباهْ ِت َم ٍام َﻛ ِبي ٍْر َﻓ َﺫ َﻛ َر َها ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫ال ﱠن ْﻔﺱُ ْال َب َﺷ ِريﱠة َﻋا َل ٌم َرﺣْ ﺏٌ َو َﻛ ِب ْيرٌ‪َ ،‬ﺧ ﱠ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ْال َﻛ ِري ِْم؛ َﺫل َِﻙ لِ َما َل َها ِمﻥْ ﻗُوﱠ ٍة ﻓِﻲ ْاﻹ ْن َﺳ ِ‬
‫اﻥ‬ ‫ﺱ ْالﻘُ َر ِ‬‫اردَ َﻛ ِثي َْر ٍة ﻓِﻲ ِﻛ َت ِاب ِﻪ ْال ُم َﻘ ﱠد ِ‬
‫َم َو ِ‬
‫اﻥ ْال ِﻘ َيا ُم ِب ِﻪ ه َُو َت ْه ِﺫ ْي ُب َها‪.‬‬
‫َو َت ْو ِجي ِْهﻪِ؛ ل َِﺫا َﻓ ِمﻥْ ﺃ َه ﱢم َما َي ِجﺏُ َﻋ َلﻰ ْاﻹ ْن َﺳ ِ‬

‫ﻀ ﱠﻤﻨَﺔُ‬
‫ﺍ ْﻟ َﻤﻔَﺎ ِﻫ ْﻴ ُﻢ ﺍ ْﻟ ُﻤﺘَ َ‬
‫َم َﻔا ِه ْي ُم ِد ْي ِني ٌﱠة‪.‬‬
‫َم َﻔا ِه ْي ُم َترْ َب ِوي ٌﱠة‪.‬‬
‫َم َﻔا ِه ْي ُم لُ َﻐ ِوي ٌﱠة‪.‬‬
‫َم َﻔا ِه ْي ُم ﺃَدَ ِبي ٌﱠة‪.‬‬

‫َﻣﺎ ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ﱢ‬
‫ﺺ‬

‫‪َ -‬م َاﺫا َي ِجﺏُ َﻋ َل ْي َنا ﺃﻥْ َن ْﻔ َع َﻝ ﺇِ َﺫا َما ﺃَ َر ْد َنا ﺃﻥْ َن ُﻛ ْو َﻥ م َِﻥ ال ﱠنا ِج ِﺣي َْﻥ ﻓِﻲ َﺣ َيا ِت َنا ؟‬
‫ﺇيج ِابيﱠا ِت َنا؟ َونﺻﺣﺢ ﻋاداتنا؟‬ ‫ﻑ َ‬ ‫ْﻑ َل َنا ﺃﻥْ َنعْ ِر َ‬ ‫‪َ -‬ﻛي َ‬
‫ﺱ ْال َﺧي َﱢر ِة الﱠتِﻲ ﻓُطِ َر َﻋ َل ْي َها ْاﻹ ْن َﺳاﻥُ ﺃَوﱠ َﻝ َمرﱠ ةٍ‪َ ،‬تﺣْ َتا ُﺝ ﺇ َلﻰ َمجْ م ُْو َﻋ ٍة م َِﻥ‬ ‫‪َ -‬ت ْن ِم َي ُة ال ﱠن ْﻔ ِ‬
‫اﻝ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َما َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْاﻷﻋْ َما ُﻝ ﻓِﻲ َر ْﺃ ِي َﻙ؟‬ ‫ْاﻷﻋْ َم ِ‬

‫‪٧٩‬‬
 ‫ﺱ ﺍﻷ ﱠﻭ ُﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ ُﻤﻄَﺎﻟَ َﻌﺔُ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪ ْﱠﺭ ُ‬

‫) َﺗ ْﻬ ِﺬ ْﻳ ُﺐ اﻟ َّﻨ ْﻔ ِﺲ(‬
‫ْاﻹ ْن َﺳاﻥُ ﻓِﻲ ﻓ ِْط َر ِت ِﻪ َمجْ ب ُْو ٌﻝ َﻋ َلﻰ َﻋ َم ِﻝ ْال َﺧي ِْر َوال ﱠﺳعِﻲ ﺇِ َل ْيﻪِ‪َ ،‬ل ِﻛ ﱠن ُﻪ ﻓِﻲ مَﺳِ ي َْر ِة‬
‫َﺣ َيا ِت ِﻪ َيﺻْ َط ِد ُم ِب َمجْ م ُْو َﻋ ٍة م َِﻥ ْال َم َوان ِِﻊ‪َ ،‬و ْال َع َرا ِﻗي ِْﻝ الﱠتِﻲ َتﻘِﻑُ َﺣ َج َر َﻋ ْث َر ٍة ﺃَ َما َمﻪ‪َ .‬و َل َع ﱠﻝ‬
‫ِﻲ ﺃَهْ َواﺅُ ﻩُ‪َ ،‬و ُﺣ ﱡب ُﻪ ل َِﺫا ِتﻪِ‪،‬‬ ‫ً‬
‫اﻥ ه َ‬ ‫ﺃﺧ َط ِر َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال َموان ِِﻊ َوﺃَ َﺷ ﱢد َها َﻓ ْت ًﻛا َوﺃَﺫﻯ َﻋ َلﻰ ْاﻹ ْن َﺳ ِ‬ ‫ِمﻥْ ْ‬
‫ﺏ ْاﻵ َﺧ ِري َْﻥ‪ِ ،‬ممﱠا َيجْ َعلُ ُﻪ َيرْ َتﻛِﺏُ‬ ‫اﻥ َﺫل َِﻙ َﻋ َلﻰ ﺣ َِﺳا ِ‬ ‫ﺿا ِﺋ َها‪َ ،‬ﺣ ﱠتﻰ َل ْو َﻛ َ‬ ‫َوالرﱠ ْﻏ َب ُة ﻓِﻲ ﺇرْ َ‬
‫ْال َم َعاﺻِ َﻲ‪َ ،‬و ْاﻷَ ْﺧ َطا َء َﻋ ْي َنها ﻓِﻲ ُﻛ ﱢﻝ َمرﱠ ةٍ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿاﺋ ِِﻝ َﻻ َﻏي ِْر َها‪،‬‬ ‫ﺿاﺋ ِِﻝ ْال َﻔ َ‬ ‫ﺏ ْال َﻔ َ‬ ‫ﺏ ُﺧلُ ِﻘ ِﻪ َوا ْﻛت َِﺳا ِ‬ ‫َو َما َل ْم َيعْ َم ِﻝ ْاﻹ ْن َﺳاﻥُ َﻋ َلﻰ َت ْه ِﺫ ْي ِ‬
‫ْج ْال َﺧي ِْر َوالﺻ َﱠﻼ ِﺡ الﱠﺫِﻱ ﻓُطِ َر َﻋ َل ْيﻪِ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺿْ ًﻼ َﻋ ِﻥ ْالع ُْز َل ِة‬ ‫َﻓﺈ ﱠن ُﻪ َﺳ ُي ْب َت َلﻰ ِباﻻ ْبت َِعا ِد ِمﻥْ َنه ِ‬
‫اﺱ ﺇِ َل ْيﻪِ‪َ ،‬ﻛﺄَهْ لِ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺏ ال ﱠن ِ‬ ‫َﻋﻥْ ﺃَ ْب َنا ِء ِج ْنﺳِ ِﻪ َﻋا ﱠمت ِِه ْم ِب ُنﻔُ ْو ِر ِه ْم ِم ْن ُﻪ َﺣ ﱠتﻰ َل ْو َﻛا ُن ْوا ِمﻥْ ﺃَ ْﻗ َر ِ‬
‫ْﻥ ﺁدَ َم ُﺧل َِق اجْ ِتمَاﻋِ ًّيا‪،‬‬ ‫اﻥ َﺳ ِوﻱﱟ ؛ َﻛ ْوﻥُ اب ِ‬ ‫َو َز ْو ِج ِﻪ َوﺃَ ْب َنا ِﺋﻪِ‪َ ،‬وه َُو َما َﻻ َيرْ َﻏﺏُ َﻓ ْي ِﻪ ﺃَﻱﱡ ﺇ ْن َﺳ ٍ‬
‫َيﺄ َ ْنﺱُ ِب َمﻥْ َﺣ ْولِ ِﻪ َو َيﺳْ َت ْوﺣِﺵُ ْال َوﺣْ دَ َة‪.‬‬
‫نﻔﺳ ُﻪ ﺇِ َلﻰ ْال َه َﻼﻙِ ﻓِﻲ ْاﻵﺧ َِر ِة َﻋ َلﻰ‬ ‫اﻥ َ‬ ‫َو َﻻ َن ْن َﺳﻰ ﺃَﻥْ ْال ُﺧلُ َق ال ﱠﺳي َﱢﺊ َيﻘُ ْو ُد ْاﻹ ْن َﺳ َ‬
‫ﺱ م َِﻥ ْال ُﺧلُ ِق ْال َﺣ َﺳ ِﻥ الﱠﺫِﻱ ُي َﻘرﱢ ُب ُﻪ م َِﻥ ْاﻷ ْن ِبيْا ِء َو ْالمُرْ َﺳلِي َْﻥ َوالﺻﱠالِ ِﺣي َْﻥ الﱠ ِﺫي َْﻥ‬ ‫ْال َع ْﻛ ِ‬
‫)ﺻلﱠﻰ ﷲُ َﻋ َل ْي ِﻪ َوﺁلِ ِﻪ َو َﺳلﱠ َم(‪» :‬ﺇِﻥﱠ ِمﻥْ‬ ‫ﷲ َ‬ ‫ﺕ ال ﱠن ِعي ِْم‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ ْد َﻗا َﻝ َرﺳ ُْو ُﻝ ِ‬ ‫َج َزا ُه ْم ﷲُ َج ﱠنا ِ‬
‫ﺃَ َﺣ ﱢب ُﻛ ْم ﺇِ َلﻲﱠ َوﺃَ ْﻗ َر ِب ُﻛم ِم ﱢنﻲ َمجْ لِﺳًا َي ْو َم ْال ِﻘ َيامةِ؛‬
‫ﺺ‬‫ﻓِﻲ ﺃ ْﺛﻨَﺎ ِء ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺃَ َﺣاﺳِ َن ُﻛ ْم ﺃَ ْﺧ َﻼ ًﻗا«‪َ ،‬و َﻗا َﻝ‪» :‬ﺃَ ْﻛ َم ُﻝ ْالم ُْﺅ ِم ِني َْﻥ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺹ ِر َﺳا َل َت ُﻪ‬ ‫ﺇِ ْي َما ًنا ﺃَﺣْ َﺳ ُن ُه ْم ُﺧلُ ًﻘا«‪َ .‬و َﻗ ْد َل ﱠﺧ َ‬
‫ﷲ َﻋل ْي ِﻪ‬ ‫)ﺻلﻰ ِ‬ ‫ﷲ َ‬ ‫ﻗا َﻝ َرﺳ ُْو ُﻝ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﻷ ُ َت ﱢمم م َﻛارم‬ ‫ْاﻹﺳْ َﻼ ِم ﱠي َة َب َﻘ ْولِﻪِ‪ » :‬ﺇِ ﱠن َما ُبع ِْث ُ‬
‫ﺕ ِﻷ ُ َت ﱢم َم‬‫ِ َ َ ِ َ َوﺁلِ ِﻪ َو َﺳلﱠ َم(‪»:‬ﺇِ ﱠن َمــا بُـع ِْث ُ‬
‫ْاﻷَ ْﺧ َﻼ ِق«‪.‬‬
‫ار َم ْاﻷَ ْﺧ َﻼ ِق«‪َ ،‬ت َوﺳﱠﻊْ ﻓِـــﻲ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ــ‬‫م‬‫َ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َُ ُ َ ْ ُُ ْ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫َو ُه َنا نﻼﺣِﻅ ﺃﻥﱠ الﺧل َق ال َﺣ َﺳ َﻥ جُز ٌء م َِﻥ ْال َﻛ َﻼ ِم َﻋ َلﻰ ْاﻷَ ْﺧ َﻼ ِق الﱠتِﻲ َجا َء ْ‬
‫لﺕ‬ ‫)ﺻلﱠﻰ ِب َها الرﱢ َﺳا َل ُة ْاﻹﺳْ َﻼ ِم ﱠي ُة الﱠتِﻲ َت َم ﱠث ْ‬ ‫ﷲ َ‬ ‫ﺻ َﻔ ُﻪ َرﺳ ُْو ُﻝ ِ‬ ‫ْﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْو ه َُو َﻛ َما َو َ‬ ‫ال ﱢدي ِ‬
‫ﷲُ َﻋ َل ْي ِﻪ َوﺁلِ ِﻪ َو َﺳلﱠ َم( ِب َﻘ ْولِﻪِ‪ » :‬ﺣُﺳْ ﻥُ ْال ُﺧلُ ِق ِبﺄ َ ْﺧ َﻼ ِق َنب ﱢي ِﻪ ا َل َﻛ ِري ِْم َوﺃَ َه ِﻝ َب ْي ِت ِﻪ‬
‫ﺻﺣْ ِب ِﻪ ْال َﻛ َر ِام‪.‬‬ ‫ﻙ َو َ‬ ‫ْﻥ«‪ ،‬ﺇِ َﺫﻥْ ‪ ،‬ه َُو َﻋا ِم ٌﻝ ُم ْﺷ َت َر ٌ‬ ‫ِنﺻْ ﻑُ ال ﱢدي ِ‬

‫‪٨٠‬‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫اﻥ ﺃَﻥْ َيعْ َم َﻝ َﻋ َلﻰ َت ْه ِﺫ ْي ِ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ َﺳ َعادَ ِة ْال َﺣ َيا ِة ال ﱡد ْن َيا َو ْال َﺣ َيا ِة ْاﻵﺧ َِر ِة ﻛ ِْل َت ْي ُه َما؛ ﺇِ ْﺫ َت َت َطلﱠ َب ِ‬
‫ﺏ ْال َم َﻅال ِِم ِب َﺣ ﱢق‬ ‫ﺏ َن ْﻔﺳِ ﻪِ‪َ ،‬و َزجْ ِر َها َﻋ ِﻥ ْال َم َعاﺻِ ﻲ َو ْاﻵ َث ِام‪َ ،‬وارْ ِت َﻛا ِ‬ ‫ُﺧلُ ِﻘ ِﻪ َو َي ْه َت ﱠم ِب َتﺄْ ِد ْي ِ‬
‫ﻙ َم َع ُﻪ ﻓِﻲ َﺣ ﱢق‬ ‫ﺕ ْاﻷ ُ ْﺧ َرﻯ ُﻛلﱢ َها الﱠتِﻲ َت ْﺷ َت ِر ُ‬ ‫ْاﻵ َﺧ ِري َْﻥ ِمﻥْ َبنِﻲ َج ْنﺳِ ﻪِ‪ِ ،‬ب ْﻝ ِب َﺣ ﱢق ْال َﻛا ِﺋ َنا ِ‬
‫ﺽ الﱠتِﻲ َﺧ َل َﻘ َها ﷲُ لِ َم ْﺧلُ ْو َﻗا ِت ِﻪ َج ِم ْي ِع َها‪.‬‬ ‫ْﺵ َﻋ َلﻰ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْاﻷَ َر ِ‬ ‫ْال َعي ِ‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫اﻥ ِب َن ْﻔﺳِ ﻪ ﺃَﻥْ ي َُﻐي َﱢر ِمﻥْ ﺻِ َﻔا ِت ِﻪ َﻏي ِْر ْال َﺣ َﺳ َنةِ‪َ ،‬و ُي َه ﱢﺫ َ‬ ‫َو َل ِﻛﻥْ َه ْﻝ ِب َم ْﻘ ُد ْو ِر ْاﻹ ْن َﺳ ِ‬
‫ُﺧلُ َﻘﻪُ؟‬
‫اﻥ ُي َثاﺏُ َﻋ َلﻰ ﺣُﺳْ ِﻥ ْال ُﺧلُ ِق ﻓِﻲ ْاﻵﺧ َِر ِة‬ ‫ﱠاب َﻘ ِة َن ْﻔ َه ُم ﺃَﻥﱠ ْاﻹ ْن َﺳ َ‬‫ﺙ الﺳ ِ‬ ‫م َِﻥ ْاﻷ َﺣا ِد ْي ِ‬
‫ﺻا ِء َو ْاﻹب َْعا ِد ِم ْن ُه ْم‬‫ﺏ م َِﻥ ْاﻷ ْن ِب َيا ِء َوالﺻﱠالِ ِﺣي َْﻥ‪َ ،‬وي َُعا َﻗﺏُ َﻋ َلﻰ ﺳ ُْو ِء ْال ُﺧلُ ِق ِب ْاﻹ ْﻗ َ‬ ‫ِب ْالﻘُرْ ِ‬
‫اﻥ‬ ‫ِﺏ ْاﻹ ْن َﺳ َ‬ ‫ْﺏ ﷲُ‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْو ي َُعاﻗ َ‬ ‫ْﺱ م َِﻥ ْالﺣ ِْﻛ َم ِة َو َﻻ ْال َعدَ ا َل ِة ﺃَﻥْ ُي ِثي َ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ ﺃَ َﻗ ِﻝ َت ْﻘ ِدي ِْر؛ ﺇِ َﺫﻥْ ‪َ ،‬لي َ‬
‫َﻋ َلﻰ َما َﻻ َيدَ َل ُﻪ ِبﻪِ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ َم ْﻘد َِر َة َﻋ َلﻰ َت ْﻐ ِيي ِْرﻩِ‪َ ،‬وه َُو ْال َعا ِد ُﻝ ْال َﺣ ِﻛ ْي ُم‪.‬‬
‫ْﺏ ْال ُﺧلُ ِق ِب َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال َم َﻛا َن ِة م َِﻥ ْاﻷَ َه ﱢم ﱠي ِة ﻓِﻲ ال ﱡد ْن َيا َو ْاﻵﺧ َِرةِ‪َ ،‬ن ِج ُد‬ ‫َوﺇِ ْﺫ َت َبي َﱠﻥ َل َنا ﺃَﻥﱠ َت ْه ِﺫي َ‬
‫اﻉ ْال َه َوﻯ‬ ‫ِﻥ ا ﱢت َب ِ‬‫ﺏ َﻋ َلﻰ ْاﻹ ْن َﺳاﻥ ْال َﺣ َﺫر ْال َﺣ َﺫر م َِﻥ الرﱠ َﺫاﺋ ِِﻝ الﱠتِﻲ َت ْن ُج ُم م ِ‬ ‫م َِﻥ ْال َوا ِج ِ‬
‫ار ْاﻷ ْن ِب َيا ِء‬ ‫اﺱ َوﻗُرْ ِب ِه ْم ﻓِﻲ ال ﱡد ْن َيا‪َ ،‬و ِج َو ِ‬ ‫اﻥ َم َﺣ ﱠب ِة ال ﱠن ِ‬ ‫َوﺳ ُْو ِء ْال ُﺧلُ ِق‪َ ،‬و ُت ْﺅ ﱢدﻱ ِب ِﻪ ﺇ َلﻰ ُﺧﺳْ َر ِ‬
‫َوالﺻﱠالِ ِﺣي َْﻥ ﻓِﻲ ْاﻵﺧ َِرةِ‪.‬‬

‫َﻣﺎ ﺑَ ْﻌ َﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ﱢ‬
‫ﺺ‬

‫َت ْه ِﺫيْﺏُ ُﺧلُ ِﻘﻪِ‪َ :‬ت ْن ِﻘ َي ُت ُﻪ َوﺇﺻْ َﻼ ُﺣﻪُ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃهْ َواﺅﻩ‪ِ :‬ميُولُﻪ َو َر َﻏ َبا ُتﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ُي َثاﺏُ ‪ :‬ي ُْﺅ َجرُ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻاء‪ْ ،‬ال َم َﻅالِم‪ ،‬الرﱠ َﺫاﺋ ُﻝ (‬
‫مﻙ ﻹي َْجا ِد َم َعانِﻲ ْال ُم ْﻔ َردَ اﺕ اﻻ ِت ْيةِ‪) :‬اﻹ ْﻗ َ‬ ‫اﺳْ َتعمِﻝ مُعْ َج َ‬

‫ﻧَﺸَﺎﻁٌ‬
‫)ﺻلﱠﻰ ﷲُ َﻋ َل ْي ِﻪ َوﺁلِ ِﻪ‬ ‫ْﻥ( مﻥ َﻗ ْو َﻝ َرﺳ ُْو ِﻝ ِ‬
‫ﷲ م َُﺣ ﱢم ٍد َ‬ ‫ما ﺇﻋراﺏُ ﻛلم ِة )ال ِدي ِ‬
‫َو َﺳلﱠ َم(‪» :‬ﺣُﺳْ ﻥُ ْال ُﺧلُ ِق ِنﺻْ ﻑُ ال ِدي ِ‬
‫ْﻥ«‪.‬‬

‫ﺏ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧَﺸَﺎﻁُ ﺍ ْﻟﻔَ ْﻬ ِﻢ َﻭﺍﻻ ْ‬

‫ﺳﺘِ ْﻴ َﻌﺎ ِ‬

‫ْﻑ َل َﻙ ﺃَﻥْ َتﺻِ َ‬

‫ﻑ َن ْﻔ َﺳ َﻙ َو ُت َﻘوﱢ َم َها؟‬ ‫َما الﱠﺫِﻱ ﺃَ َﻓ ْد َت ُﻪ م َِﻥ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ ؟ َو َﻛي َ‬

‫‪٨١‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺪ ْر ُس اﻟ َّﺜﺎﻧِﻲ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﻘ َﻮ ِ‬
‫اﻋ ُﺪ‬ ‫َّ‬

‫اﻟ َّﺘ ْﻮﻛ ُ‬

‫ِﻴﺪ‬
‫ُطا َل َع ِة َوا ْﻗ َر ِﺃ ْال ُج ْم َل َة ْاﻵ ِت َي َة‪َ ) :‬يرْ َتﻛِﺏُ ْال َم َعاﺻِ َﻲ‪َ ،‬و ْاﻷ ْﺧ َطا َء‬ ‫ﻋ ُْد ﺇِ َلﻰ َنﺹﱢ ْالم َ‬
‫ِﻲ‬ ‫)ال َم َعاﺻِ َﻲ َو ْاﻷ ْﺧ َطا َء(‪َ ،‬وه َ‬ ‫ﺕ لِ َتﺄْ ِﻛ ْي ِد وُ ﻗُ ْوﻉ ْ‬ ‫)ﻋ ْي َن َها( َجا َء ْ‬ ‫َﻋ ْي َن َها( َت ِج ْد ﺃَﻥﱠ َﻛلِ َم َة َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻥ‬ ‫ﺕ لِ َتﺄْ ِﻛ ْي ِد ِﻩ ِب ْاﻹﻋْ َراﺏِ‪َ .‬و َﻛ َﺫل َِﻙ ْال َﺣا ُﻝ ﻓِﻲ ُج ْم َلةِ‪َ ) :‬يﻘُ ْو ُد ْاﻹ ْن َﺳ َ‬ ‫ﺕ َما َجا َء ْ‬ ‫َم ْنﺻ ُْو َب ٌة َت ِب َع ْ‬
‫نﻔﺳﻪ(‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺿاﺋ ِِﻝ(‬ ‫ﺿاﺋ ِِﻝ ْال َﻔ َ‬ ‫ﺏ ْال َﻔ َ‬ ‫ﺏ ُﺧلُ ِﻘ ِﻪ َوا ْﻛت َِﺳا ِ‬ ‫ا ْﻗ َر ِﺃ ْال ُج ْم َل َة‪َ ) :‬ما َل ْم َيعْ َم ِﻝ ْاﻹ ْن َﺳاﻥُ َﻋ َلﻰ َت ْه ِﺫ ْي ِ‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺿر ُْو َر ِة ا ْﻛت َِﺳا ِ‬ ‫ِﻲ َتﺄْ ِﻛ ْي ُد َ‬‫ﺕ ُم َﻛرﱠ َر ًة‪َ ،‬و ْال َﻐا َي ُة ِمﻥْ َﺫل َِﻙ ه َ‬ ‫ﺿاﺋ ِِﻝ( َجا َء ْ‬ ‫َت ِج ْد ﺃَﻥﱠ َﻛلِ َم َة ْ‬
‫)ال َﻔ َ‬
‫اﻥ ْال َﺣ َﺫر ْال َﺣ َﺫر( َوﻓِﻲ‬ ‫ﺏ َﻋ َلﻰ ْاﻹ ْن َﺳ ِ‬ ‫ﺿاﺋ ِِﻝ‪َ .‬و َﻛ َﺫل َِﻙ ْال َﺣا ُﻝ ﻓِﻲ ُج ْم َلةِ‪) :‬م َِﻥ ْال َوا ِج ِ‬ ‫ْال َﻔ َ‬
‫ﺕ لِ ُت َﺅ ﱢﻛدَ ﻩُ ﻓِﻲ ْاﻹﻋْ َراﺏِ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ َما َجا َء ْ‬ ‫َج ِمي ِْﻊ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال ُج َم ِﻝ َت ِج ُد َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال َﻛلِ َما ِ‬
‫ﺕ َت ِب َع ْ‬
‫َو َه َﺫا ه َُو ْال ِﻘﺳْ ُم ﱠ‬
‫الثال ُ‬
‫ِﺙ م َِﻥ ال ﱠت َو ِاب ِﻊ )ال ﱠت ْو ِﻛيْد(‪َ ،‬وال ﱠت ْوﻛِي ُد َت ِاب ٌﻊ ي ُْﺅ َتﻰ ِب ِﻪ لِ َت ْﻘ ِو َي ِة َما‬
‫الﺫهْ ﻥ‪َ ،‬و َتﺄْ ِﻛ ْي ِدﻩِ‪َ .‬وه َُو ﺃُﺳْ لُوﺏٌ ُتﺳْ َتعْ َم ُﻝ ِﻓ ْي ِﻪ ْﺃل َﻔ ٌ‬
‫ﺻ ٌة ِمﻥْ‬ ‫اﻅ َم ْﺧﺻ ُْو َ‬ ‫)الم َُﺅ ﱠﻛ ُد( ﻓِﻲ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫َﻗ ْب َل ُﻪ ْ‬
‫ﺷ ُﻛوﻙٍ‬
‫او ُرﻩُ ِمﻥْ ُ‬
‫ﺇزا َل ِة َما ي َُﺳ ِ‬
‫ارﺉ‪َ ،‬و َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺱ الﺳﱠام ِِﻊ ﺃ ِو ْال َﻘ ِ‬ ‫ﺕ َمعْ ًنﻰ م َُعي ٍﱠﻥ ِﻓﻲْ َن ْﻔ ِ‬ ‫ﺃجْ ِﻝ َت ْث ِبي ِ‬
‫اﻥ؛ ال ﱠت ْو ِﻛ ْي ُد اللﱠ ْﻔﻅِ ﻲﱡ َوال ﱠت ْو ِﻛ ْي ُد ال َمعْ َن ِوﻱﱡ ‪.‬‬
‫َﺣ ْو َلﻪُ‪َ ،‬وه َُو َن ْو َﻋ ِ‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻮ ِﻛ ْﻴ ُﺪ ﺍﻟﻠَﱠ ْﻔ ِﻈ ﱡﻲ‪َ :‬ي ُﻛ ْوﻥُ َه َﺫا ال ﱠن ْو ُﻉ م َِﻥ‬
‫ِﺪ ٌة‬ ‫َﻓﺎﺋ َ‬
‫ار ْال َﻛلِ َم ِة ْالم َُراد َت ْو ِﻛ ْي ُد َها‪ ،‬م ِْثﻝُ‪َ ) :‬ما‬‫ال ﱠت ْو ِﻛ ْي ِد ِب َت ْﻛ َر ِ‬
‫ار‬‫ﺏ ال ﱠت ْو ِﻛ ْي ُد اللﱠ ْﻔﻅِ ﻲﱡ َﻗ ْد َي ُﻛ ْوﻥُ ِب َت ْﻛ َر ِ‬
‫ﺏ ُﺧلُ ِﻘ ِﻪ َوا ْﻛت َِﺳا ِ‬ ‫َل ْم َيعْ َم ِﻝ ْاﻹ ْن َﺳاﻥُ َﻋ َلﻰ َت ْه ِﺫ ْي ِ‬
‫ِــثﻝُ‪َ ) :‬ن َج َﺢ ْالمُجْ َت ِه ُد‬‫اﻻﺳْ ــم‪ ،‬م ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺏ َﻋ َلﻰ‬‫ﺿاﺋ ِِﻝ(‪َ ،‬و َﻛ َﺫل َِﻙ‪) :‬م َِﻥ ْال َوا ِج ِ‬ ‫ﺿاﺋ ِِﻝ ْال َﻔ َ‬ ‫ْال َﻔ َ‬
‫ْالمُجْ َت ِه ُد(‪ ،‬ﺃَ ِو ْال ِﻔعْ ِﻝ‪ ،‬م ِْثﻝُ‪َ ):‬يﻘُ ْو ُﻝ‬ ‫اﻥ ْال َﺣ َﺫ ِر ْال َﺣ َﺫر(‪.‬‬ ‫ْاﻹ ْن َﺳ ِ‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻮ ِﻛ ْﻴ ُﺪ ﺍﻟ َﻤﻌ َْﻨﻮ ﱡﻱ‪ُ :‬تﺳْ َتعْ َم ُﻝ ﻓِﻲ َه َﺫا ال ﱠن ْوﻉ َيﻘُ ْو ُﻝ م َُﺣ ﱠم ٌد ْال َﺣ ﱠق( ﺃَ ِو ْال َﺣرْ ﻑِ ‪،‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ُ‪):‬ﻻ َﻻ ﺃَ ِﺣ ْي ُد َﻋ ِﻥ ْال َﺣ ﱢق(‪ ،‬ﺃ ِوَ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ِﻲ‪َ ) :‬ن ْﻔﺱٌ ‪َ ،‬و َﻋيْﻥٌ ‪ ،‬مِثﻝ َ‬ ‫اﻅ م َُﺣ ﱠددَ ةٌ‪ ،‬ه َ‬ ‫م َِﻥ ال ﱠت ْو ِﻛ ْي ِد ْﺃل َﻔ ٌ‬
‫ْال ُج َم ِﻝ‪ ،‬م ِْثﻝُ‪):‬ﺃَ َنا َم َﻊ ْال َﺣ ﱢق‪ ،‬ﺃَ َنا‬ ‫َو ُﻛﻝﱞ‪َ ،‬و َج ِم ْيﻊٌ‪َ ،‬و َﻋام ٌﱠة‪َ ،‬وﻛ َِﻼ‪َ ،‬وﻛ ِْل َتا(‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪َ -‬ن ْﻔﺱٌ َو َﻋيْﻥٌ ‪ُ :‬تﺳْ َتعْ َمﻝ ) َن ْﻔﺱٌ َو َﻋيْﻥٌ ( لِدَ ْﻓ ِﻊ َم َﻊ ْال َﺣ ّق(‪.‬‬

‫‪٨٢‬‬
‫ﱠاب ِق‪ ):‬يرتﻛﺏُ ال َم َعاﺻِ َﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻝ َﻋﻥْ َﻋدَ ِم ﺇِ َرادَ ِة الم َُﺅ ﱠﻛدِ‪َ ،‬و َﻛ َما َو َردَ ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ الﺳ ِ‬ ‫اﻻﺣْ ِت َم ِ‬
‫اﻥ َن َﻔ َﺳﻪ ﺇ َلﻰ ْال َه َﻼﻙِ ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫)ﻻ َن ْن َﺳﻰ ﺃَﻥﱠ ْال ُﺧلُ َق ال ﱠﺳيﱢﺊ َيﻘُ ْو ُد ْاﻹ ْن َﺳ َ‬ ‫ﺧطا َء ﻋي َنها(‪َ ،‬و َ‬ ‫َو ْاﻷ َ‬
‫ْاﻵﺧ َِرةِ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺿ ِمي ٍْر ُي َناﺳِ ﺏُ ْالم َُﺅ ﱠﻛدَ ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥْ‬ ‫اﻥ ﺇ َلﻰ َ‬ ‫ﺿا َﻓ ِ‬ ‫َو ُت َ‬
‫ِﺪ ٌة‬ ‫اﻥ َﻓﺎﺋ َ‬ ‫اﻥ ُم ْﻔ َر ًدا م َُﺫ ﱠﻛرً ا‪ ،‬ﻗُ ْل َنا‪َ ) :‬ن ْﻔﺳُﻪ َو َﻋ ْي ُنﻪ(‪َ ،‬وﺇِﻥْ َﻛ َ‬ ‫َﻛ َ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﱠ ً ُْ‬ ‫ْ ﱠ ْ‬
‫ﺱ‬ ‫الم َُﺅﻛ ُد ُمﻔ َر ًدا م َُﺅنثا‪ ،‬ﻗل َنا‪َ ) :‬نﻔ ُﺳ َها َو َﻋ ْين َها(‪ .‬ﺃمﱠا َيج ُْو ُز ﺃَﻥْ ي َُجرﱠ ال ﱠت ْو ِﻛ ْي ُد بال ﱠن ْﻔ ِ‬
‫َ ً‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ َﺣ ِ ْ‬
‫الزا ِﺋ ِد‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ْﻥ ِب َﺣرْ ﻑِ ْال َجرﱢ‬ ‫اﻝ ال ﱠتث ِن َي ِة َوال َجمْ ِﻊ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠن َنا ﺃوﱠ ﻻ َنجْ َم ُﻊ ) َن ْﻔﺳًا َو ْال َعي ِ‬
‫)ال َباء(‪ ،‬م ِْث ُﻝ َﻗ ْولِ َنا‪َ ) :‬ه ْﻝ ِب َم ْﻘ ُد ْو ِر‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َو َﻋ ْي ًنا( َﻋ َلﻰ )ﺃَ ْﻓعُﻝ(‪َ ،‬ﻓ َنﻘُ ْوﻝُ‪) :‬ﺃَ ْنﻔُﺱ َوﺃَﻋْ يُﻥ(‪،‬‬
‫اﻥ ِب َن ْﻔﺳِ ِﻪ ﺃَﻥْ ي َُﻐي َﱢر ِمﻥْ‬ ‫ﺿ ِمي ٍْر ُي َناﺳِ ﺏُ ْالم َُﺅ ﱠﻛدَ ‪ ،‬م ِْثﻝُ‪ْ :‬اﻹ ْن َﺳ ِ‬ ‫ُث ﱠم ُنﺿِ ْيﻔُ ُه َما ﺇ َلﻰ َ‬
‫اﻥ ﺃَ ْنﻔُ ُﺳ ُه َما َوﺃَﻋْ ُي ُن ُه َما(‪ ،‬ﺻِ َﻔا ِت ِﻪ َﻏي ِْر ْال َﺣ َﺳ َنةِ(‪َ ،‬و ُتعْ َرﺏُ‬ ‫اﻥ ْالمُجْ َت ِهدَ ِ‬ ‫) َن َج َﺢ ﱠ‬
‫الطالِ َب ِ‬
‫)ب َن ْﻔﺳِ ﻪِ( َﻋ َلﻰ ﺃ ﱠن َها َمجْ ر ُْو َرةٌ‬ ‫اﻥ ﺃَ ْنﻔُ ُﺳ ُه َما‬ ‫ﺕ ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ـــاﻥ ْالـــمُجْ َت ِهدَ َت ِ‬ ‫الطــالِ َب َت ِ‬ ‫َو) َن َج َﺣ ِ‬
‫الزا ِﺋدِ‪ ،‬ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫الطيﱠـــار ُْو َﻥ ﺃَ ْنﻔُ ُﺳهُم َل ْﻔ ًﻅا ِب َﺣرْ ﻑِ ْال َجرﱢ ﱠ‬ ‫ـــار َﻙ ﱠ‬ ‫َوﺃَﻋْ ُي ُن ُه َمـــا(‪َ ،‬و) َﺷ َ‬
‫اﻥ(‬ ‫ِـ)اﻹ ْن َﺳ ِ‬ ‫)ﺃﻋْ ُي ُن ُهم( ﻓِﻲ اﻻﺳْ تعْ راﺽ(‪ ،‬و) َﺷار َﻛﺕ ال ﱢنﺳا ُء َم َﺣ ﱢﻝ َجرﱢ َت ْو ِﻛ ْي ٍد ل ْ‬
‫َ ِ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ُﺿاﻑِ ﺇ َلﻰ ) َم ْﻘ ُد ْو ِر(‪.‬‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﱠاﺕ ﺃَ ْنﻔُ ُﺳهُﻥﱠ )ﺃﻋْ ُي ُنهُﻥﱠ ( ﻓِﻲ ب َنا ِء ْال َو َطﻥ(‪ .‬الم َ‬ ‫ْالع َِرا ِﻗي ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺏ‪َ ) -‬ﻛ َِﻼ َوﻛ ِْل َتا(‪ُ :‬تﺳْ َتعْ َم ُﻝ )ﻛ َِﻼ َوﻛ ِْل َتا( ﻓِﻲ‬
‫ِﺪ ٌة‬
‫َﻓﺎﺋ َ‬
‫اﻝ َﻋ ِﻥ ال ُم َث ﱠنﻰ‬ ‫ال ﱠت ْو ِﻛ ْي ِد ال َمعْ َن ِوﻱﱢ ِﻹ َزا َل ِة اﻻﺣْ ِت َم ِ‬
‫اﺏ‬ ‫ْالم َُﺫ ﱠﻛر َو ْالم َُﺅ ﱠنﺙِ‪ ،‬م ِْث ُﻝ َما َو َردَ ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ ‪) :‬ه َُو ُتعْ َرﺏُ )ﻛ َِﻼ َوﻛ ِْل َتا( ﺇﻋْ َر َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫وب ْال َيا ِء‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ًا‬
‫ع‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻓ‬ ‫ر‬‫َ‬ ‫ِﻑِ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ْ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ب‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ن‬ ‫َ‬
‫ث‬ ‫م‬‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ال‬ ‫ﻙ ﻓِﻲ َﺳ َعادَ ِة ْال َﺣ َيا ِة ال ﱡد ْن َيا َو ْال َﺣ َيا ِة‬ ‫َﻋا ِم ٌﻝ ُم ْﺷ َت َر ٌ‬
‫ط ﻋِ ْندَ‬ ‫َ َنﺻْ بًا َو َج ًّرا‪َ ،‬و ُي ْﺷ َت َر ُ‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫اﻥ ﺃَﻥْ َيعْ َم َﻝ َﻋ َلﻰ َت ْه ِﺫ ْي ِ‬ ‫ْاﻵﺧ َِر ِة ﻛ ِْل َت ْي ُه َما؛ ﺇِ ْﺫ َت َت َطلﱠ َب ِ‬
‫اﻝ )ﻛ َِﻼ َوﻛِل َتا( ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫ُﺧلُﻘِﻪ(‪ ،‬ﻓـ)ﻛ ِْل َتيْه َما( َت ْو ِﻛ ْي ٌد َمجْ ر ُْو ٌر لِـ) ْال َﺣ َيا ِة ال ﱡد ْن َيا اﺳْ ِتعْ َم ِ‬
‫ﺿا َﻓةِ‪َ .‬وم ِْث ُﻝ ال ﱠت ْو ِﻛ ْي ِد ﺃﻥْ َيﺳْ ِب َﻘ ُه َما ْالمُﺅ ﱠﻛ ُد‬ ‫ْﻥ ِب ْاﻹ َ‬ ‫َو ْال َﺣ َيا ِة ْاﻵﺧ َِرةِ( ْال َمجْ ر ُْو َر َتي ِ‬
‫ﺿ ِمي ٍْر َﻛ َما ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫ﺿا َﻓا ﺇِ َلﻰ َ‬ ‫ِﺳاﻥ ﻛ َِﻼ ُه َما َبار َﻋاﻥ(‪َ ،‬ﻓـ)ﻛ َِﻼ ُه َما( َوﺃَﻥْ ُت َ‬ ‫َﻗ ْولِ َنا‪ْ :‬‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫)ال ُم َه ْند َ ِ‬
‫ﱠاب َﻘةِ‪ ،‬ﺃَمﱠا َﺇﺫا ﺃﺿِ ْي َﻔ َتا‬ ‫ْاﻷمْ ِث َل ِة الﺳ ِ‬ ‫ﺕ ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫ْﻥ الﱠتِﻲ َجا َء ْ‬ ‫ُت ْو ِﻛ ْي ٌد َمعْ َن ِوﻱﱞ َمرْ ﻓُ ْو ٌﻉ ل ِْل ُم َه ْند َ‬
‫ِﺳي ِ‬
‫اﻥ‬‫ﺇ َلﻰ اﺳْ ٍم َﻅاه ٍِر‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ّن ُه َما ُتعْ َر َب ِ‬ ‫اﻝ ُم ْب َتدَ ﺃً َمرْ ﻓُ ْوﻋًا‪.‬‬ ‫ْال ِم َث ِ‬
‫ﺏ َم ْو ِﻗع ِِهما م َِﻥ ْال ُج ْم َلةِ‪،‬‬ ‫ِب َﺣ َﺳ ِ‬ ‫جـ ‪ُ -‬ﻛ ﱞﻝ َو َج ِم ْي ٌﻊ َو َﻋام ٌﱠة‪ُ :‬تﺳْ َتعْ َم ُﻝ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْاﻷَ ْل َﻔ ُ‬
‫اﻅ‬
‫ﺕ ال ُم َﻘ ﱠد َر ِة َﻋ َلﻰ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َو ِبال َﺣ َر َﻛا ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫اط ِة َوال ﱡﺷم ُْوﻝ‪ ،‬م ِْث ُﻝ ْاﻷ ْم ِث َل ِة‬ ‫لِلدَ َﻻ َل ِة َﻋ َلﻰ ْاﻹ َﺣ َ‬
‫ً‬
‫اﻥ ت ْو ِﻛ ْيدا‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺁﺧ ِِره َما‪َ ،‬وﻻ يُعْ َر َب ِ‬
‫ﱠاب ِق‪َ ):‬ﻓﺿْ ًﻼ َﻋ ِﻥ ْالع ُْز َل ِة َﻋﻥْ‬ ‫اردَ ِة ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ الﺳ ِ‬ ‫ْال َو ِ‬

‫‪٨٣‬‬
‫ﻙ َم َع ُﻪ ﻓِﻲ َﺣ ﱢق‬ ‫ﺕ ْاﻷ ُ ْﺧ َرﻯ ُﻛلﱢ َها الﱠتِﻲ َت ْﺷ َت ِر ُ‬ ‫ﺃَ ْب َنا ِء ِج ْنﺳِ ِﻪ َﻋا ﱠمت ِِه ْم(‪َ ،‬و ِ‬
‫)ب َﺣ ﱢق ْال َﻛا ِﺋ َنا ِ‬
‫ﺽ الﱠتِﻲ َﺧ َل َﻘ َها ﷲُ لِ َم ْﺧلُ ْو َﻗا ِت ِﻪ َج ِم ْي ِع َها(‪َ .‬و َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْاﻷَ ْل َﻔ ُ‬
‫اﻅ َﻻ ُب ﱠد‬ ‫ْﺵ َﻋ َلﻰ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْاﻷَ َر ِ‬ ‫ْال َعي ِ‬
‫ﺿ ِمي ٍْر ُي َناﺳِ ﺏُ ْالم َُﺅ ﱠﻛدَ ‪.‬‬‫اﻑ ﺇِ َلﻰ َ‬ ‫ﺿ َ‬ ‫ﺃَ ْيﺿًا ِمﻥْ ﺃَﻥْ ُت َ‬

‫ﺎن‬ ‫َﺗ ْﻘ ِﻮ ْﻳ ُﻢ اﻟّﻠ َ‬

‫ِﺴ ِ‬ ‫ﻼﺻ ُﺔ اﻟ َﻘ َﻮ ِ‬
‫اﻋ ِﺪ‬ ‫ُﺧ َ‬

‫ﻗُﻝْ‪) :‬ﻓِﻲ ْال َو ْﻗ ِ‬

‫ﺕ َن ْﻔﺳِ ﻪِ(‬
‫‪ -١‬ال ﱠت ْو ِﻛ ْي ُد‪َ :‬ت ِاب ٌﻊ ي ُْﺅ َتﻰ ِب ِﻪ لِ َت ْﻘ ِو َي ِة َما‬
‫ﺱ ْال َو ْﻗﺕِ(‬
‫َو َﻻ َتﻘُﻝْ‪) :‬ﻓِﻲ َن ْﻔ ِ‬ ‫الﺫهْ ِﻥ‪َ ،‬و َتﺄْ ِﻛ ْيدِﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫)الم َُﺅ ﱠﻛد( ﻓِﻲ ﱢ‬ ‫َﻗ ْب َل ُﻪ ْ‬
‫اﻥ‪َ :‬ت ْو ِﻛ ْي ٌد َل ْﻔﻅِ ﻲﱞ‬ ‫‪ -2‬ال ﱠت ْو ِﻛ ْي ُد َن ْو َﻋ ِ‬
‫َو َت ْو ِﻛ ْي ٌد َمعْ َن ِوﻱﱞ ‪َ ،‬ﻓاللﱠ ْﻔﻅِ ﻲﱡ ه َ‬
‫ُـــو‬
‫اﻥ اﺳْ مًا ﺃَ ْم ِﻓعْ ًﻼ ﺃَ ْم َﺣرْ ًﻓا ﺃَ ْم ُج ْم َل ًة‪َ ،‬وال ﱠت ْو ِﻛ ْي ُد ْال َمعْ َن ِوﻱﱡ‬ ‫ﺇﻋادَ ةُ ْالم َُﺅ ﱠﻛ ِد ِب َل ْﻔﻅِ ِﻪ َﺳ َوا ٌء ﺃَ َﻛ َ‬‫َ‬
‫َي ُﻛ ْوﻥُ ِب ْاﻷ ْل َﻔاﻅِ ْاﻵ ِت َيةِ‪َ ) :‬ن ْﻔﺱ‪َ ،‬و َﻋيْﻥ‪َ ،‬و ُﻛﻝّ‪َ ،‬و َجميْﻊ‪َ ،‬و َﻋامﱠة‪َ ،‬وﻛ َِﻼ‪َ ،‬وﻛِل َتا(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۳‬ال ﱠت ْو ِﻛ ْي ُد َي ْت َب ُﻊ ْالم َُﺅ ﱠﻛدَ ﻓِﻲ ﺇﻋْ َر ِابﻪِ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿ ِمي ٍْر َيع ُْو ُد َﻋ َلﻰ ْالم َُﺅ ﱠﻛ ِد‬ ‫ﺇﺿا َﻓ ِت َها ﺇ َلﻰ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪َ -4‬ﻻ ُب ﱠد ﻓِﻲ ْﺃل َﻔاﻅِ ال ﱠت ْو ِﻛ ْي ِد ْال َمعْ َن ِوﻱﱢ ِمﻥْ‬
‫ﺱ َو ْال َعدَ دِ‪.‬‬‫ُط ِابﻘُ ُﻪ ﻓِﻲ ْال ِج ْن ِ‬ ‫َوي َ‬
‫اﻥ َت ْو ِﻛ ْي ًدا‪،‬‬‫ﺿ ِمي ِْر‪َ ،‬و َت ُﻛ ْو َن ِ‬ ‫اﺏ ْال ُم َث ﱠنﻰ َﺇﺫا ﺃُﺿِ ْي َﻔ َتا ﺇ َلﻰ ال ﱠ‬ ‫اﻥ ﺇِﻋْ َر َ‬ ‫‪) -٥‬ﻛ َِﻼ َوﻛ ِْل َتا( ُتعْ َر َب ِ‬
‫ﺏ َم ْو ِﻗ ِع ُه َما‬ ‫اﻥ ِب َﺣ َﺳ ِ‬ ‫اﻥ َت ْو ِﻛ ْي ًدا‪َ ،‬و ُتعْ َر َب ِ‬
‫الﻅاه ِِر‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻼ َت ُﻛ ْو َن ِ‬ ‫ﺃَمﱠا َﺇﺫا ﺃُﺿِ ْي َﻔ َتا ﺇ َلﻰ اﻻﺳْ م ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺕ ْال ُم َﻘ ﱠد َرةِ‪.‬‬ ‫م َِﻥ ْالجُمْ َل ِة ِب ْال َﺣ َر َﻛا ِ‬

‫‪٨٤‬‬
 ‫ﺣﻠّﻞ َﻭﺍﻋﺮﺏ‬

‫ُﻛَّﻠ ُﻬﻢ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﻔﺎﺋ ِ‬

‫ِﺰ ْﻳ َﻦ‬ ‫َﻛﺎ َﻓ ُ‬
‫ﺄت‬

‫ُﻛلﱠهُم‬ ‫ْال َﻔاﺋ ِِزي َْﻥ‬ ‫ُ‬

‫ﺕ‬ ‫َﻛا َﻓﺄْ‬
‫َﺣلﱢ ْﻝ‬
‫ﻅ َي ُد ﱡﻝ َﻋ َلﻰ‬ ‫َل ْﻔ ٌ‬
‫َﻛلِ َم ٌة َو َﻗ َﻊ َﻋ َليْها‬ ‫ﺿمي ٌر‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َﻻﺣ ِْﻅ َو َﻓ ﱢﻛرْ َﻛلِ َم ٌة َت ُد ﱡﻝ َﻋ َلﻰ‬
‫اط ِة َوال ﱡﺷم ُْو ِﻝ‬ ‫ْاﻹ َﺣ َ‬
‫ُم ّتﺻِ ٌﻝ دَ ﱠﻝ‬ ‫ﺙ ﻓِﻲ ﱠ‬
‫ﺿ ِمي ِْر‬ ‫ْﻑ ﺇ َلﻰ َ‬ ‫ﺃُﺿِ ي َ‬ ‫ْال ِﻔعْ ُﻝ ) َﻛا َﻓﺄ(‪َ ،‬ت ُد ﱡﻝ‬ ‫الز َم ِﻥ‬ ‫َﺣدَ ٍ‬
‫ﻥْ‬ ‫م‬‫َ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ل‬ ‫ﻋ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﱡ‬
‫مْﻊ الﺫ ُﻛ ْو ِر‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ْال َجم ِْﻊ‪َ ،‬جا َء‬ ‫المَاﺿِ ﻲ) ِﻓعْ ﻝٌ( َﻗا َم ب ْال ِﻔعْ ِﻝ َﻋ َلﻰ َج ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫لِ َت ْو ِﻛ ْي ِد َما َﻗ ْب َل ُﻪ‬
‫او َوال ﱡن ْو ِﻥ‬ ‫ﺕ مُعْ َر َب ًة ِب ْال ُﺣر ُْوﻑِ ْ‬
‫)ال َو ِ‬ ‫ﺕ َﻋ َلﻰ َجمْ ﻊ ﱡ‬
‫الﺫ ُﻛ ْو ِر َو َﻛا َن ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْال َﻛلِ َم ُة َﺇﺫا دَ لﱠ ْ‬ ‫َت َﺫ ﱠﻛرْ‬
‫مْﻊ م َُﺫ ﱠﻛ ٍر َﺳالِمًا‬‫)ال َيا ِء َوال ﱡن ْو ِﻥ َنﺻْ بًا َو َج ًّرا( ُت َﺳمﱠﻰ َج َ‬ ‫َر ْﻓعًا(‪َ ،‬و ْ‬

‫الﺫهْ ِﻥ‪َ ،‬و َتﺄْ ِﻛ ْيدِﻩ‪َ .‬وه َُو‬ ‫)الم َُﺅ ﱠﻛد( ﻓِﻲ ﱟ‬ ‫ال ﱠت ْو ِﻛ ْي ُد َت ِاب ٌﻊ ي ُْﺅ َتﻰ ِب ِﻪ لِ َت ْﻘ ِو َي ِة َما َﻗ ْب َل ُﻪ ْ‬
‫َت َعلﱠ َ‬
‫مْﺕ‬
‫ﺇﻋادَ ةُ ْالم َُﺅ ﱠﻛ ِد ِب َل ْﻔﻅِ ِﻪ َﺳ َوا ٌء‬
‫اﻥ‪َ :‬ت ْو ِﻛ ْي ٌد َل ْﻔﻅِ ﻲﱞ َو َت ْو ِﻛ ْي ٌد َمعْ َن ِوﻱﱞ ‪َ ،‬ﻓاللﱠ ْﻔﻅِ ﻲﱡ ه َُو َ‬ ‫َن ْو َﻋ ِ‬
‫اﻥ اﺳْ مًا ﺃَ ْم ﻓِعْ ًﻼ ﺃَ ْم َﺣرْ ًﻓا ﺃَ ْم ُج ْم َل ًة‪َ ،‬وال ﱠت ْو ِﻛ ْي ُد ْال َمعْ َن ِوﻱﱡ َي ُﻛ ْوﻥُ ِب ْاﻷ ْل َﻔاﻅِ ‪َ ) :‬ن ْﻔﺱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺃَ َﻛ َ‬
‫َو َﻋيْﻥ‪َ ،‬و ُﻛﻝّ‪َ ،‬و َجميْﻊ‪َ ،‬و َﻋامﱠة‪َ ،‬وﻛ َِﻼ‪َ ،‬وﻛِل َتا(‪َ .‬وه َُو َي ْت َب ُﻊ ْالم َُﺅ ﱠﻛدَ ﻓِﻲ ﺇﻋْ َر ِابﻪِ‪.‬‬

‫َت ْو ِﻛ ْي ٌد ل ِْل َﻔاﺋ ِِزي َْﻥ‬ ‫َم ْﻔع ُْو ٌﻝ ِب ِﻪ‬ ‫َﻓاﻋِ ٌﻝ‬ ‫ﻓِعْ ٌﻝ َم ٍ‬
‫اﺽ‬ ‫تﺳتنتج‬

‫َت ْو ِﻛ ْي ٌد ل ْ‬
‫ِـ)ال َﻔاﺋ ِِزي َْﻥ(‬ ‫ْاﻹﻋْ َراﺏُ‬
‫اﺽ‬ ‫ﻓِعْ ٌﻝ َم ٍ‬
‫َم ْنﺻ ُْوﺏٌ َو َﻋ َﻼ َم ُة‬ ‫َم ْﻔع ُْو ٌﻝ ِب ِﻪ‬
‫ﺿمِي ٌر ُم ﱠتﺻِ ٌﻝ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َم ْبنِﻲﱞ َﻋ َلﻰ‬
‫َنﺻْ ِب ِﻪ ْال َياءُ‪َ ،‬وه َُو‬ ‫َم ْنﺻ ُْوﺏٌ َو َﻋ َﻼ َم ُة‬
‫َنﺻْ ِب ِﻪ ْال َياءُ؛ ِﻷَ ﱠن ُﻪ‬ ‫َم ْبنِﻲﱞ ﻓِﻲ َم َﺣ ﱢﻝ‬ ‫وﻥ؛‬ ‫ال ﱡﺳ ُﻛ ِ‬
‫ُﺿاﻑٌ ‪َ ،‬و) ُه ْم(‬ ‫م َ‬ ‫ﺻالِ ِﻪ ِب َتا ِء‬‫ِﻻ ﱢت َ‬
‫َج ْم ُﻊ م َُﺫ ﱠﻛ ٍر َﺳالِ ٌم‬ ‫َر ْﻓ ِﻊ َﻓاﻋِ ٍﻝ‬
‫ﺿ ِم ْي ٌر ُم ﱠتﺻِ ٌﻝ‬‫َ‬ ‫ْال َﻔاﻋِ ِﻝ‬
‫َمبْنﻲﱞ ﻓِﻲ َم َﺣ ﱢﻝ َجرﱟ‬
‫ِب ْاﻹ َ‬
‫ﺿا َﻓ ِة‬

‫ِﻞ ُﺛ َّﻢ َأ ْﻋ ِﺮ ْب َﻣﺎ َﻳﺄﺗِﻲ‪ :‬ا ْﻧ َﺘ َﺼ َﺮ ا ْﻟ َﺤ ُّﻖ ا ْﻟ َﺤ ُّﻖ‬

‫َﺣّﻠ ْ‬

‫‪٨٥‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﱠ ْﻤ ِﺮ ْﻳﻨَﺎﺕُ‬

‫‪۱‬‬
‫ﺹ ال ﱠتالِ َي ِة ْالم َُﺅ ﱠﻛدَ ‪َ ،‬وال ﱠت ْو ِﻛيْدَ ‪ُ ،‬م َب ﱢي ًنا َن ْو َﻋﻪُ‪:‬‬ ‫اﺳْ َت ْﺧ ِرﺝْ م َِﻥ ال ﱡنﺻ ُْو ِ‬
‫ﺕ ْاﻷَرْ ﺽُ َو ِمﻥْ ﺃَنﻔُﺳِ ِه ْم‬ ‫اﺝ ُﻛلﱠ َها ِممﱠا ُت ِنب ُ‬ ‫اﻥ الﱠﺫِﻱ َﺧ َل َق ْاﻷَ ْز َو َ‬ ‫‪َ -١‬ﻗا َﻝ َت َعا َلﻰ‪ُ » :‬ﺳب َْﺣ َ‬
‫ُوﻥ« )يﺱ‪.(۳٦ :‬‬ ‫َو ِممﱠا َﻻ َيعْ َلم َ‬
‫ﺕ ال ﱠنعِيم« ْ‬
‫)ال َواﻗ َِع ُة‪:‬‬ ‫ُوﻥ * ﻓِﻲ َج ﱠنا ِ‬ ‫ِﻙ ْال ُم َﻘرﱠ ب َ‬‫وﻥ *ﺃُو ٰ َلﺋ َ‬‫ﱠابﻘُ َ‬ ‫وﻥ الﺳ ِ‬ ‫ﱠابﻘُ َ‬
‫ﻰ‪»:‬والﺳ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪َ -2‬ﻗا َﻝ َت َعا َل‬
‫‪.(١2-١0‬‬
‫‪َ -۳‬ﻗا َﻝ َﺣﺳﱠاﻥُ بْﻥُ َث ِابﺕٍ‪:‬‬
‫َو َي ْبلُ ُﻎ َما َﻻ َي ْبلُ ُﻎ الﺳﱠيﻑُ م ِْﺫ َودِﻱ‬ ‫اﻥ ﻛ َِﻼ ُه َما‬
‫ار َم ِ‬‫ﺻ ِ‬ ‫ل َِﺳانِﻲ َو َﺳ ْيﻔِﻲ َ‬
‫ﺻاﻓِﻲﱡ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪َ -4‬ﻗا َﻝ الرﱡ َ‬
‫اﺱ ﺃجْ َﺷ ُع َها اللﱠ َﺋا ُم‬ ‫ْﺕ ال ﱠن َ‬ ‫َرﺃَي ُ‬ ‫ار ِمﻥْ َج َﺷ ٍﻊ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠنـﻲ‬ ‫ار َﺣ َﺫ ِ‬ ‫َﺣ َﺫ ِ‬
‫‪َ -٥‬ﻗا َﻝ ال ﱠﺷاﻋِ ُر ‪:‬‬
‫ـــاﻥ‬
‫الز َم ِ‬ ‫َﺇﺫا َنا َب ْت َﻙ َنــــا ِﺋ َب ُة ﱠ‬ ‫ﺃج ﱡﻝ ُﺫ ْﺧر‬
‫اﻙ َﻓه َُو َ‬ ‫ﺃﺧ َ‬ ‫اﻙ َ‬ ‫ﺃﺧ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪َ -٦‬ﻓ ِر َﺡ ْالع َِرا ِﻗي ْﱡو َﻥ َﻋا ﱠم ُت ُه ْم ِبال ﱠنﺻْ ِر َﻋ َلﻰ ْالمُعْ َت ِدي َْﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫‪۲‬‬
‫ﻓِﻲ ْال ُج َم ِﻝ ال ﱠتالِ َي ِة َت ْو ِﻛ ْي ٌد َل ْﻔﻅِ ﻲﱞ ‪ ،‬اﺳْ َت ْﺧ ِرجْ ﻪُ‪ُ ،‬م َب ﱢي ًنا َن ْو َﻋﻪُ‪:‬‬
‫‪َ -١‬ﻗا َﻝ َت َعا َلﻰ‪َ » :‬ﻓﺈِﻥﱠ َم َﻊ ْالعُﺳْ ِر يُﺳْ رً ا * ﺇِﻥﱠ َم َﻊ ْالعُﺳْ ِر يُﺳْ رً ا« )الﺷرﺡ‪. (٦-٥ :‬‬
‫‪َ -2‬ﻗا َﻝ ال ﱠﺷ ِريْﻑُ الرﱠ ﺿِ ﻲﱡ ‪:‬‬
‫َﻋ َلﻰ ْالع ﱢِز َمﺻْ ر ُْو ًﻓا ِب ِﻪ َو ُم َﻘلﱢدَ ا‬ ‫ﺃبُوﻩُ ﺃبُوﻩُ المُﺳْ َتطِ ْي ُﻝ ِب َن ْﻔﺳِ ِﻪ‬
‫‪َ -۳‬ﻗا َﻝ َج ِم ْي ُﻝ ُب َث ْي َن َة‪:‬‬
‫ﺕ َﻋ َلﻲﱠ َم َوا ِث ًﻘا َو ُﻋه ُْودَ ا‬ ‫ﺃَ َﺧ َﺫ ْ‬ ‫َﻻ َﻻ ﺃَب ُْو ُﺡ ِبﺣُﺏﱢ َب ْث َن َة ﺇ ﱠن َها‬
‫‪َ -4‬ﻗا َﻝ ال ﱠﺷاﻋِ رُ‪:‬‬
‫اﻉ ﺇ َلﻰ ْال َهي َْجا ِب َﻐي ِْر ﺳِ َﻼ ِﺡ‬ ‫َﻛ َﺳ ٍ‬ ‫اﻙ ﺇِﻥﱠ َمﻥْ َﻻ ﺃَ ًﺧا َل ُﻪ‬ ‫اﻙ ﺃَ َﺧ َ‬ ‫ﺃَ َﺧ َ‬
‫‪َ -٥‬وﺣْ دَ ُت َنا َوﺣْ دَ ُت َنا ﻋِ ﱡز َنا َو َﻓ ْﺧ ُر َنا‪.‬‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫اﺡ‪.‬‬‫‪ -٦‬اﻹ ْﺧ َﻼﺹُ ﻓِﻲ ال َع َم ِﻝ يُﺅ ﱢدﻱ يُﺅ ﱢدﻱ ﺇ َلﻰ ال ﱠن َج ِ‬

‫‪٨٦‬‬
 ‫‪۳‬‬
‫ﻑ َب ْي َن َها ﻓِﻲ ُﻛ ﱢﻝ‬ ‫اﻻﺧت َِﻼ َ‬ ‫ﺕ َل ْﻔ َﻅ ُة ) ُﻛﻝّ( َت ْو ِﻛ ْي ًدا‪َ ،‬بي ِﱢﻥ ْ‬ ‫ﺕ َو َردَ ْ‬ ‫ﺕ ْال َﻛ ِر ْي َما ِ‬
‫ﻓِﻲ ْاﻵ َيا ِ‬
‫ﺁ َيةٍ‪ُ ،‬م َب ﱢي ًنا َﺳ َب َبﻪُ‪ُ ،‬ث ﱠم ﺃَﻋْ ِر ْب َها‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -١‬ﻗا َﻝ َت َعا َلﻰ‪َ »:‬و َﻋلﱠ َم ﺁدَ َم ْاﻷَﺳْ َما َء ُﻛلﱠ َها ُث ﱠم َﻋ َر َ‬
‫ﺿ ُه ْم َﻋ َلﻰ ْال َم َﻼ ِﺋ َﻛ ِة َﻓ َﻘا َﻝ ﺃَ ِنب ُﺋونِﻲ‬
‫)ال َب َﻘ َرة‪.(۳١ :‬‬ ‫ِيﻥ« ْ‬ ‫ﺻا ِدﻗ َ‬ ‫ِبﺄَﺳْ َما ِء ٰ َهﺅُ َﻻ ِء ﺇِﻥ ُﻛن ُت ْم َ‬
‫ُوﻥ« )ﺹ‪.(۷۳ :‬‬ ‫‪َ -2‬ﻗا َﻝ َت َعا َلﻰ‪َ » :‬ﻓ َﺳ َجدَ ْال َم َﻼ ِﺋ َﻛ ُة ُﻛلﱡ ُه ْم ﺃَجْ َمع َ‬
‫ﻪﻠﻟ« ) ﺁﻝ ﻋِ م َْراﻥ ‪.( ١٥4‬‬ ‫‪َ -۳‬ﻗا َﻝ َت َعا َلﻰ ‪ » :‬ﻗُ ْﻝ ﺇِﻥﱠ ْاﻷَمْ َر ُﻛلﱠ ُﻪ ِ ﱠ ِ‬
‫‪٤‬‬
‫ار ِﻍ َتو ِﻛ ْي ًدا ُم َناﺳِ بًا‪:‬‬ ‫اﻥ ْال َﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺿﻊْ ﻓِﻲ ْال َم َﻛ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪ -١‬ا ْﺷ َت َر َﻙ ْال َجيْﺵُ َو ْال َﺣ ْﺷ ُد ال ﱠﺷعْ ِبﻲﱡ ــــــــــــــــ ِﻓﻲْ َتﺣْ ِري ِْر ْال َو َط ِﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻ َﻝ ْالم َُعلِ ُم ‪......‬‬ ‫‪َ -2‬و َ‬
‫ارهِم َبعْ دَ َتﺣْ ِري ِْر َها ِب َﺳ َواﻋِ ِد ﺃَب َ‬
‫ْطالِ َنا‪.‬‬ ‫ازﺣ ُْو َﻥ ‪.......‬ﺇ َلﻰ ِد َي ِ‬ ‫‪َ -۳‬ﻋادَ ال ﱠن ِ‬
‫اﻥ ُﻛ ُتبًا َﻗ ﱢي َم ًة‪.‬‬
‫اﻥ ‪َ .......‬تﺣْ َت ِو َي ِ‬ ‫‪ْ -4‬ال َم ْﻛ َت َب َت ِ‬
‫‪َ -٥‬ﻻ ‪َ .....‬ن َت َﺧ َاﺫ ُﻝ ﺃَ َما َم ْالم َِﺣ ِﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫ِﻙ َمﺿْ ب ُْو َط ٍة ِبال ﱠﺷ ْﻛ ِﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺕ ُم َناﺳِ َب ٍة ﻓِﻲ ُج َم ٍﻝ ِمﻥْ ا ْن َﺷاﺋ َ‬ ‫اجْ َع ِﻝ ْاﻷ ْل َﻔ َ‬
‫اﻅ ال ﱠتالي َة َتﺄ ِﻛ ْي ًدا لِ َﻛلِ َما ٍ‬
‫)ﻛ َِﻼ ُه َما ‪ -‬ﺃ ْنﻔُ ُﺳ ُه َما ‪ُ -‬ﻛلّهُم ‪َ -‬جمِيعهُﻥﱠ ‪َ -‬ﻋامﱠتهم ‪َ -‬‬
‫بع ْي ِنﻪِ(‪.‬‬
‫‪٦‬‬
‫ﺕ ﱠ‬
‫الﻼ ِز َم َة‬ ‫ﺙ‪َ ،‬و ْال ُم َث ﱠنﻰ‪َ ،‬و ْال َج ْم َﻊ َب َن ْو َﻋ ْي ِﻪ مُجْ ِريًا ال ﱠت ْﻐ ِيي َْرا ِ‬
‫ار ِة ال ﱠتالِ َي ِة ْالم َُﺅ ﱠن َ‬
‫َﺧاطِ ﺏْ ِب ْال ِع َب َ‬
‫َﻋ َلﻰ ْالجُمْ َلةِ‪:‬‬
‫) ْالع َِراﻗِﻲﱡ َن ْﻔ ُﺳ ُﻪ يُدَ ا ِﻓ ُﻊ َﻋ ِﻥ ْال َو َط ِﻥ َو َي ْب ِنيْﻪ( ‪.‬‬

‫‪۷‬‬
‫ِﺏ ِباللﱠ ْو ِﻥ ْاﻷَﺣْ َم ِر‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃَﻋْ ِرﺏْ َما ُﻛت َ‬
‫الط ْﻔ ِﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﺃَ َنا َوﺃَﺧِﻲ ﻛ َِﻼ َنا َت َطوﱠ ﻋْ َنا ل ِْل َع َم ِﻝ ﻓِﻲ م َُﺅﺳ َ‬
‫ﱠﺳ ٍة لِل ﱢد َﻓاﻉ َﻋﻥْ ُﺣﻘُ ْو ِق ﱢ‬
‫ﷲ ْال َﺣ َر ِام ُﻛلﱡ ُه ْم َمﺳْ ر ُْو ِري َْﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ ِ‬ ‫‪َ -2‬ﻋادَ ﺣُجﱠ ا ُﺝ َب ْي ِ‬
‫اﺣ ِة ِب َع ْي ِنﻪِ‪.‬‬
‫اق ﻓِﻲ ال ﱢﺳ َب َ‬ ‫ْﺕ َب َط َﻝ ْالع َِر ِ‬‫‪ْ -۳‬ال َت َﻘي ُ‬

‫‪٨٧‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺪ ْر ُس اﻟ َّﺜﺎﻟ ُ‬
‫ِﺚ‪ :‬اﻟ َّﺘ ْﻌ ِﺒ ْﻴ ُﺮ‬ ‫َّ‬

‫ﺃَ ﱠﻭ ًﻻ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﱠ ْﻌﺒِ ْﻴ ُﺮ ﺍﻟ ﱠ‬

‫ﺸﻔَ ِﻬ ﱡﻲ‬

‫ﺹ ﺃَدَ ِب ﱠي ٍة‬‫ِﻙ َومُدَ رﱢ ﺳِ َﻙ‪ ،‬م َُع ﱢز ًزا ﺃَجْ ِو َب َت َﻙ ِب ُنﺻ ُْو ٍ‬ ‫ِﺵ ْاﻷَﺳْ ِﺋ َل َة ال ﱠتالِ َي َة َم َﻊ ُز َم َﻼﺋ َ‬ ‫َناﻗ ِ‬
‫ﻅ‪:‬‬ ‫ِممﱠا َتﺣْ َﻔ ُ‬
‫ﺱ؟‬ ‫‪َ -١‬ما ْال َم ْﻘﺻ ُْو ُد ِب َت ْه ِﺫ ْي ِ‬
‫ﺏ ال ﱠن ْﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺏ َن ْﻔ َﺳ ُﻪ ِم ْنﻪُ؟‬ ‫اﻥ ﺃَﻥْ ُي َه ﱢﺫ َ‬ ‫‪َ -2‬ما ال ﱠﺷﻲْ ُء الﱠﺫِﻱ َﻋ َلﻰ ْاﻹِ ْن َﺳ ِ‬
‫ْﻑ ُي َه ﱢﺫﺏُ ْاﻹِ ْن َﺳاﻥُ َن ْﻔ َﺳﻪُ؟‬ ‫‪َ -۳‬ﻛي َ‬
‫ﺏ َﻏي َْرﻩُ َﻗ ْب َﻝ ﺃَﻥْ ُي َه ﱢﺫ َ‬
‫ﺏ َن ْﻔ َﺳﻪُ؟‬ ‫‪َ -4‬ه ْﻝ َيﺳْ َتطِ ْي ُﻊ ْاﻹِ ْن َﺳاﻥُ ﺃَﻥْ ُي َه ﱢﺫ َ‬
‫ِﻲ ِﻗ َيادَ ةُ ْاﻹِ ْن َﺳ ِ‬
‫اﻥ لِ َن ْﻔﺳِ ﻪِ؛‬ ‫اﻉ ْال ِﻘ َيادَ ِة ه َ‬ ‫‪َ -٥‬ه ْﻝ َت ﱠتﻔ ُِق َم َﻊ َمﻥْ َيﻘُ ْوﻝُ‪ :‬ﺇِﻥﱠ ﺃَﺻْ َع َ َ‬
‫ﺏ ﺃ ْن َو ِ‬
‫ﺻا ِﺣ َب َها ﺇِمﱠا ﺇِ َلﻰ الﺳ َﱠعادَ ةِ‪َ ،‬وﺇِمﱠا ﺇِ َلﻰ ال ﱠﺷ َﻘا ِء؟‬ ‫ﺻ َل َة الﱠتِﻲ ُت َوجﱢ ُﻪ َ‬ ‫ِب َوﺻْ ِﻔ َها ْال َب ْو َ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺱ؟‬ ‫ﺏ ال ﱠن ْﻔ ِ‬ ‫ار‪َ ،‬واﻻ ْبت َِعا ِد ِمﻥْ ﻗُ َر َنا ِء الﺳ ْﱡو ِء ﻓِﻲ َت ْه ِﺫ ْي ِ‬ ‫‪َ -٦‬ما ﺃ َث ُر ﺻُﺣْ َب ِة ْاﻷ ْﺧ َي ِ‬
‫اﻥ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ َﺫا ﺃَ َرادَ َﺷعْ ﺏٌ ﺃَﻥْ َي َت َﻘ ﱠد َم َنﺣْ َو ْالع َُﻼ‬ ‫اﺣ ِ‬ ‫ْﺏ َوال ﱠتعْ لِ ْي َم َج َن َ‬ ‫ﺻ ِﺣ ْي ٌﺢ ﺃَﻥﱠ ال ﱠت ْه ِﺫي َ‬ ‫‪َ -۷‬ه ْﻝ َ‬
‫اﺣ ْيﻪِ؟‬ ‫َﻋ َل ْي ِﻪ ﺃَﻥْ يَطِ ي َْر ِب َج َن َ‬

‫ﺛَﺎﻧِﻴًﺎ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﱠ ْﻌﺒِ ْﻴ ُﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﱠ ْﺤ ِﺮ ْﻳ ِﺮ ﱡ‬

‫ﻱ‬

‫ﺕ َن ْﻔﺳِ ﻲ َت ْﻘ َوا َها‪َ ،‬و َز ﱢﻛ َها‬ ‫)ﺻلﱠﻰ ﷲُ َﻋ َل ْي ِﻪ َوﺁلِ ِﻪ َو َﺳلﱠ َم(‪» :‬اللﱠ ُه ﱠم ﺁ ِ‬ ‫ﷲ َ‬ ‫َﻗا َﻝ َرﺳ ُْو ُﻝ ِ‬
‫ﺕ َولِ ﱡي َها َو َم ْو َﻻ َها«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ َﺧ ْي ُر َمﻥْ َز ﱠﻛا َها‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْن َ‬ ‫ﺃَ ْن َ‬
‫اﻥ َي ُﻛ ْوﻥُ ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫ﺙ لِ ِﻛ َتا َب ِة َم ْوﺿ ُْو ٍﻉ ُت َبيﱢﻥُ ِﻓ ْي ِﻪ ﺃَﻥﱠ َﻓ َﻼ َﺡ ْاﻹِ ْن َﺳ ِ‬ ‫ا ْن َطل ِْق ِمﻥْ َه َﺫا ْال َﺣ ِد ْي ِ‬
‫ﻙ ﺁ َثارً ا َو ِﺧ ْي َم ًة ِﻓ ْيﻪِ‪َ ،‬وﻓِﻲ مُجْ َت َم ِع ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺱ‪َ ،‬وﺃَﻥﱠ ﺇِهْ َما َل َها ِمﻥْ ُد ْو ِﻥ َت ْه ِﺫ ْي ٍ‬
‫ﺏ َي ْت ُر ُ‬ ‫َت ْز ِﻛ َي ِة ال ﱠن ْﻔ ِ‬
‫َﻛ َﺫل َِﻙ‪.‬‬

‫‪٨٨‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺮا ِﺑ ُﻊ‪ :‬اﻷ َد ُب‬
‫اﻟﺪ ْر ُس َّ‬
‫َّ‬

‫ﺼﺔُ‬
‫ﺍ ْﻟﻘِ ﱠ‬

‫ﺻ ُة ﻓِﻲ اللﱡ َﻐةِ‪ :‬ال ﱠت َتب َﱡﻊ‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺹﱠ ْال َﺧ َب ِر‪ ،‬ﺃَمﱠا ﻓِﻲ اﻻﺻْ طِ َﻼ ِﺡ َﻓ ِه َﻲ َنﺹﱞ‬ ‫َتعْ نِﻲ ْال ِﻘ ﱠ‬
‫ِﻲ َن ْو ٌﻉ‬ ‫ﺷعُورً ا ﺇِ ْن َﺳا ِن ًّيا َتﺻْ ِويْرً ا ُم َﻛ ﱠث ًﻔا َل ُﻪ َم ْﻐ ًزﻯ‪َ .‬وه َ‬ ‫ﺃَدَ ِبﻲﱞ َن ْث ِرﻱﱞ ي َ‬
‫ُﺻوﱢ ُر َم ْو ِﻗ ًﻔا‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْو ُ‬
‫ﺻةِ‪ :‬الرﱢ ِوا َي َة‪َ ،‬و ْاﻷ ُ ْﻗﺻ ُْو َ‬
‫ﺻ َة َو ْال ِﺣ َﻛا َي َة‬ ‫ﺏ ْال ِﻘ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺿمﱠﻥُ ﺇ َلﻰ َجا ِن ِ‬ ‫اﻉ ال ﱠن ْث ِر‪ ،‬الﱠﺫِﻱ َي َت َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِمﻥْ ﺃ ْن َو ِ‬
‫َو َﻏي َْر َها‪.‬‬
‫الط ْوﻝُ‪َ ،‬و َي ْن َتﻅِ ُم َها َم ْوﺿ ُْو ٌﻉ‬ ‫ْﺙ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺻةِ‪ِ ،‬مﻥْ َﺣي ُ‬ ‫ﺻ ُة َبي َْﻥ الرﱢ َوا َي ِة َو ْاﻷ ُ ْﻗﺻ ُْو َ‬ ‫َت َﻘ ُﻊ ْال ِﻘ ﱠ‬
‫َوا ِﺣ ٌد َو َز َمﻥٌ َوا ِﺣ ٌد‪َ ،‬و َو َﻗا ِﺋ ُع َها َوﺃَ ْﻓ َعالُ َها م َُر ﱠت َب ٌة َترْ ِت ْيبًا َواﺿِ َﺢ ال ﱠﺳ َبﺏِ‪َ ،‬و َت َت َﻛ ﱠﻔ ُﻝ ال ﱠﺷ ْﺧﺻِ ﱠي ُة‬
‫اق َو ِب ْي َﺋ ٍة َو َز َم ٍﻥ م َُﺣ ﱠددٍ؛ َﻓﺿْ ًﻼ‬ ‫ﻙ ﻓِﻲ ﺳِ َي ٍ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺻِ َراﻋِ َها‪َ ،‬و َت َت َﺣرﱠ ُ‬ ‫ْﺳ ُة ِب ْال َﻛ ْﺷﻑِ َﻋﻥْ َﺳ َب ِ‬ ‫الرﱠ ِﺋي َ‬
‫ﺏ ْلل َﺣ َيا ِة ﺃَ ْو َم ْو ِﻗ ِﻔ ِﻪ م َِﻥ ْاﻷ ْﺷ َيا ِء‪.‬‬ ‫َﻋﻥْ ﺃَ ﱠن َها ُت َع ﱢب ُر َﻋﻥْ َم ْﻔه ُْو ِم ْال َﻛا ِت ِ‬
‫ﺹ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺻ ِ‬ ‫اﻙ َمﻥْ َيعْ ُز ْو َها ﺇ َلﻰ ال ﱢﺳ َي ِر‪َ ،‬و ْال َﻘ َ‬ ‫ﺏ ْال َع َر ِبﻲﱢ ْال َﻘ ِدي ِْم َﻓ ُه َن َ‬ ‫ﺃَمﱠا ﻓِﻲ ْاﻷَدَ ِ‬
‫ﺕ َﻋ ْن َت َر َة ْال َع ْبﺳِ ﻲﱢ ‪َ ،‬و َﻛلِ ْي َل َة َو ُد ْم َن َة‪،‬‬ ‫اﻝ‪َ :‬مرْ ِويﱠا ِ‬ ‫ﺕ َو َﻏي ِْر َها ِمﻥْ ﺃَمْ َث ِ‬ ‫َو ْال َم َﻘا َماﺕِ‪َ ،‬و ْال ِﺣ َﻛا َيا ِ‬
‫ﱠام ْال َع َرﺏِ‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َوﺃَ ْلﻑِ َل ْي َل ٍة َو َل ْي َلةٍ‪َ ،‬وﺃَ ِبﻲ َز ْي ٍد ْال ِه َﻼلِﻲﱢ ‪َ ،‬و َﺳ ْي ٍ‬
‫ْﻥ ﺫِﻱ َي َز َﻥ‪َ ،‬وﺃي ِ‬ ‫ﻑب ِ‬
‫ﺻ ِة ﺃَﻱﱡ َج ْﺫ ٍر َﻋ َر ِبﻲﱟ ‪َ ،‬و َرﺃَ ْوا ﺃ ﱠن َها َﻓﻥﱞ َﻏرْ ِبﻲﱞ ‪َ ،‬ل ْم‬ ‫ﺁﺧر ُْو َﻥ ﺃَﻥْ َي ُﻛ ْو َﻥ ل ِْل ِﻘ ﱠ‬ ‫َو َي ْنﻔِﻲ َ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫يﻅ َهرْ ﻓِﻲ ْال َعا َل ِم ْال َع َر ِبﻲﱢ ﱠﺇﻻ ﻓِﻲ ِبدَ ا َي ِة ْال َﻘرْ ِﻥ ْال ِع ْﺷ ِري َْﻥ؛ ﺇِ ْﺫ َو َﻗ َﻊ ال ُﻛ ﱠتاﺏُ ْال َع َرﺏُ َتﺣْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﺻ ِة‬ ‫اﺹ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘلﱠ ُد ْو َها َوﺃَبْدَ ﻋُوا ِﻓ ْي َها َﻛ ِثيْرً ا‪َ .‬و ِمﻥْ رُوﱠ ا ِد ْال ِﻘ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺻ ِة ْال َﻐرْ ِب ﱠي ِة ِب َﺷ ْﻛ ٍﻝ َﺧ ٍ‬ ‫َتﺄْ ِثي ِْر ْال ِﻘ ﱠ‬
‫ْق ْال َﺣ ِﻛيْم‪َ ،‬وي ُْوﺳُﻑُ ْﺇد ِريْﺱ‬ ‫ْال َع َر ِب ﱠي ِة ْاﻷَ َواﺋ ِِﻝ‪ :‬م َُﺣ ﱠم ُد َت ْيم ُْور‪َ ،‬و َمﺣْ مُو ُد َت ْيمُور‪َ ،‬و َت ْو ِﻓي ُ‬
‫َو َﻏ ْي ُر ُه ْم‪.‬‬
‫ار اللﱢ َﻘا ِء َبي َْﻥ ال ﱠﺷرْ ِق َو ْال َﻐرْ ﺏِ‪َ ،‬و ُم ْن ُﺫ َه َﺫا‬ ‫اق‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ ْد َﻛا َن ْ َ‬ ‫ﺃَمﱠا ﻓِﻲ ْالع َِر ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﺃ َثرً ا ِمﻥْ ﺁ َث ِ‬
‫ﺻ ُة ﺇِ َلﻰ ﺃَدَ ِب َنا ْالع َِراﻗِﻲﱢ ‪َ ،‬يﺳْ َتطِ ْي ُﻊ ْال ُم َت ِاب ُﻊ ﺃَﻥْ َي ِجدَ َت َطوﱡ رً ا ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫ﺕ ِﻓ ْي ِﻪ ْال ِﻘ ﱠ‬ ‫اللﱢ َﻘا ِء الﱠﺫِﻱ دَ َﺧ َل ْ‬
‫ار‬ ‫ﺻ ْن َع ِة ﻓِﻲ ْ‬
‫اﺧ ِت َي ِ‬ ‫اق ِب ْال َواﻗ ِِﻊ ﺇ َلﻰ ْال َﻔﻥﱢ الﱠﺫِﻱ َيﻘُ ْو ُم َﻋ َلﻰ ال ﱠ‬ ‫ِﺻ ِ‬ ‫اﻻلت َ‬ ‫ﺻةِ‪َ ،‬ﻓم َِﻥ ْ‬ ‫َﺷ ْﻛ ِﻝ ْال ِﻘ ﱠ‬
‫ﺻ ِة‬ ‫ْاﻷَدَ ا ِء‪َ .‬و ِمﻥْ ﺃ ْﺷ َه ِر ْال َﻘﺻﱠاﺻِ ي َْﻥ ْالع َِرا ِﻗ ﱢيي َْﻥ‪َ ،‬مﺣْ م ُْو ُد ﺃﺣْ َمد ال ﱠﺳ ﱢي ُد الﱠﺫِﻱ ي َُع ﱡد َرا ِﺋ ًدا ل ِْل ِﻘ ﱠ‬

‫‪٨٩‬‬
 ‫اﺕ‪َ ،‬و ﱠ‬ ‫ار ِﻩ ْال َﻘ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫الط َﻼ ِﺋﻊُ‪َ ،‬وﻛﺫلﻙ مﻥ الرواد َجعْ َﻔ ُر‬ ‫ﺻﺻِ ﱠيةِ‪ :‬ال ﱠن َﻛ َب ُ‬ ‫ْالع َِرا ِﻗ ﱠيةِ‪َ ،‬و ِمﻥْ ﺃ َه ﱢم ﺁ َث ِ‬
‫ْال َﺧلِ ْيلِﻲﱡ ‪َ ،‬وﺃَ ْن َو ُر َﺷاﺅُ ْوﻝ‪َ ،‬و ُﺫ ﱡن ْوﻥُ ﺃَي ْﱡوﺏ‪َ ،‬و َﻋ ْب ُد ْال َﺣ ﱢق َﻓاﺿِ ﻝ‪َ ،‬و َﻋ ْب ُد ْال َم ِج ْي ِد لُ ْطﻔِﻲ‪،‬‬
‫َو َﻋ ْب ُد ْال َملِﻙِ ُن ْو ِرﻱ‪َ ،‬وﻓُﺅُ ا ُد ال ﱠت َﻛرْ لِﻲﱡ ‪َ ،‬وم َُﺣ ﱠم ُد ُﺧ َ‬
‫ﺿي ٍْر‪َ ،‬و َﻏ ْي ُر ُه ْم‪.‬‬

‫َﺟ ْﻌﻔَ ُﺮ ﺍ ْﻟ َﺨﻠِ ْﻴﻠِ ﱡﻲ‬

‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠن َجﻑِ اﻷَ ْﺷ َرﻑِ َﻋا َم ‪١۹04‬م‪ ،‬ﻓِﻲ َب ْي ٍ‬ ‫وُ لِدَ َجعْ َﻔ ُر ْال َﺧلِ ْيلِﻲﱡ‬
‫ﺕ ْاﻷَدَ ِب ﱠي ِة‬
‫َوﺃَدَ ﺏٍ‪َ ،‬و َوالِ ُدﻩُ ي َُع ﱡد م َِﻥ ال ﱠﺷ ْﺧﺻِ يﱠا ِ‬ ‫ْﺕ ﻋِ ْل ٍم‬ ‫ُوﺻﻑُ ِبﺄ َ ﱠن ُﻪ َبي ُ‬ ‫ي َ‬
‫َو ْالع ِْل ِم ﱠي ِة ﻓِﻲ ْال َم ِد ْي َنةِ‪.‬‬
‫اﻥ‬‫ﱠاب َع َة َﻋ ْﺷ َر َة َو َﻛ َ‬
‫ﺻﺻِ ِﻪ ﻓِﻲ ﺳِ ﻥﱢ الﺳ ِ‬ ‫ﺏ َجعْ َﻔ ُر ْال َﺧلِ ْيلِﻲﱡ ﺃ ُ ْو َلﻰ َﻗ َ‬ ‫َﻛ َت َ‬
‫ﺏ اﻻﺳْ ِت ْﻘ َﻼ ِﻝ(؛‬ ‫ُﻋ ْن َوا ُن َها )ال ﱡت َع َﺳاءُ( َو َن َﺷ َر َها ﻓِﻲ َﻋ ِام ‪١۹2١‬م‪َ ،‬و َت ِب َع َها ِب ِر َﺳال ِة ) ُﺣبُو ِ‬
‫ﺻ ِة ْالع َِرا ِﻗ ﱠيةِ‪.‬‬‫َول َِﺫل َِﻙ ي َُع ﱡد ِمﻥْ رُوﱠ ا ِد ْال ِﻘ ﱠ‬
‫اﺕ‪َ ،‬وﺃَ ْو َﻻ ُد ْال َﺧلِ ْيلِﻲﱢ ‪ ،‬و َهﺅُ َﻻ ِء ال ﱠناﺱُ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﱠايﻊُ‪َ ،‬واﻋْ ت َِرا َﻓ ٌ‬ ‫ﺻﺻِ ﱠيةِ‪ :‬الﺿ ِ‬ ‫َو ِمﻥْ ﺃَﻋْ َمالِ ِﻪ ْال َﻘ َ‬
‫ﺕ ْال َع َر ِب ﱠي ِة ْال ُم ﱠتﺣِدَ ِة َﻋا َم ‪١۹۸٥‬م‪.‬‬ ‫ارا ِ‬ ‫َو َﻏ ْي ُر َها‪ُ .‬تو ﱢﻓﻲ ﻓِﻲ اﻷِ َم َ‬
‫ﻔر ْال َﺧلِ ْيلِﻲﱢ ‪:‬‬ ‫لجعْ ٍ‬ ‫ِﻲ( * َ‬ ‫ﺻ ُة ) َﻳﺎ ُﺑ ْﻮ َﻋﻠ ّ‬ ‫ِﻗ ﱠ‬
‫ﺕ الﱠتِﻲ َتجْ َع ُﻝ ِم ْن ُﻪ‬ ‫ﺻ َﻔا ِ‬ ‫ﺻ ُﻪ ﷲُ ِب َﻛ ِثي ٍْر م َِﻥ ال ﱢ‬ ‫»ﺃَبُو َﻋلﻲﱟ َر ُج ٌﻝ َم ِرﺡٌ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ِﻛﻪٌ‪ ،‬ﺧ ﱠ‬
‫ﺻاﺏِ‪َ ،‬ل ِﻛ ﱠن ُﻪ َﺇﺫا َنا َم َﻓ َﻘ ْد َتﺳْ َت ِﺣ ْي ُﻝ ُﻛ ﱡﻝ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ‬ ‫ِﺉ ْاﻷَﻋْ َ‬ ‫الطب ِْﻊ‪َ ،‬هاد َ‬ ‫َرج ًُﻼ َط ﱢيعًا‪َ ،‬ول ﱢي ًنا‪َ ،‬باردَ ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻅﻪُ؛ ل َِﺫل َِﻙ‬ ‫ﺏ لل ﱠن ْوم َو َﺷﻲْ ٍء ِمﻥْ ِﺣ ﱠد ِة ْالم َِزاﺝ ﺇِ َﺫا َما ﺃُريْدَ ﺇ ْي َﻘ ُ‬ ‫ِﺳﻼ ٍم َﻋ ِج ْي ٍ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺇ َلﻰ اﺳْ ت َ‬ ‫ﺻ َﻔا ِ‬ ‫ال ﱢ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻅ ُﻪ ِمﻥْ َن ْو ِمﻪِ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُه ْم َيﺳْ َع ْو َﻥ‪ -‬ﺇِ َﺫا َما اﺿْ طرﱡ وا ﺇ َلﻰ ﺇ ْي َﻘاﻅِ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺕ َي َت َﺣا َﺷ ْو َﻥ ﺇ ْي َﻘ َ‬ ‫َﻓ ُﻛ ﱡﻝ ﺃَهْ ِﻝ ْال َب ْي ِ‬
‫مْر م َِﻥ ْاﻷُم ُْو ِر‪ِ -‬ب َﺷﻲ ٍء م َِﻥ ال ﱡت َﺅ ﱠدةِ‪َ ،‬والرﱢ ْﻓ ِق‪َ ،‬ودَ ْلﻙِ َﻅه ِْرﻩِ‪َ ،‬و َﻗدَ َم ْي ِﻪ دَ ْل ًﻛا َيجْ َع ُﻝ دَ ْو َر َة‬ ‫ﻷ ٍ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﻙ ر َُو ْي ًدا ر َُو ْي ًدا‪ُ ،‬ث ﱠم َي َت َثا َءﺏُ َو َي َﻅ ﱡﻝ َي َت َﻘلﱠﺏُ م َِﻥ‬ ‫ال ﱠد ِم ُتﺳْ ِر ُﻉ ﺃَ ْﻛ َث َر م َِﻥ ْالمُعْ َتادِ؛ َﻓ َي َت َﺣرﱠ ُ‬
‫ْﻥ‪ُ ،‬ث ﱠم ي ُْطلِﻘُ َها ﺁ َه ًة َطو ْي َل ًة‪َ ،‬و َي ْﻔ َت ُﺢ َﻋ ْي َن ْيﻪِ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻝ ﺇ َلﻰ ْال َي ِمي ِ‬ ‫اﻝ‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْو م َِﻥ ال ﱠﺷ َم ِ‬ ‫ْﻥ ﺇ َلﻰ ال ﱠﺷ َم ِ‬ ‫ْال َي ِمي ِ‬
‫َو َل ُر ﱠب َما َﻓ َع َﻝ ُﻛ ﱠﻝ َه َﺫا َﺣ ﱠتﻰ ي ُْوﺷِ َﻙ ﺃَﻥْ َي ِهﺏﱠ ِمﻥْ ﻓ َِراﺷِ ﻪِ؛ َﻓﺈِ َﺫا ِب ِﻪ َيع ُْو ُد لِ َي َنا َم ِم ْﻝ َء َﻋ ْي َن ْي ِﻪ‬
‫ِمﻥْ َج ِد ْيدٍ‪.‬‬
‫وابطِ ْال َع َر ِب ﱠيةِ‪َ :‬يا ﺃَ َبا َﻋلِﻲﱟ ‪.‬‬
‫ِﺿ ِ‬ ‫*‪َ :‬ه َﺫا ْال ُع ْن َواﻥُ م َِﻥ اللﱠه َْج ِة ْالع َِرا ِﻗ ﱠي ِة ال ﱠد ِ‬
‫ار َجةِ‪َ ،‬وال ﱠتعْ ِب ْي ُر ال ﱠﺳلِ ْي ُم َو ْﻓ ًﻘا ل َ‬
‫ِط ْولِ َها‪َ ،‬و ِﻷ ﱠن َها َﻻ ُت َﺅ ﱢث ُر ﻓِﻲ َم ْﻐ َزﻯ ْال ِﻘ ﱠ‬
‫ﺻ ِة َوﺳِ َيا ِﻗ َها‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻةِ؛ ل ُ‬
‫ﺕ َبعْ ﺽُ ْال َم َﻘاطِ ِﻊ م َِﻥ ْال ِﻘ ﱠ‬
‫* ُﺣ ِﺫ َﻓ ْ‬

‫‪٩٠‬‬
‫اﻥ‪َ -‬ﻛ َما َي ْن َبﻐِﻲ ﺃَﻥْ َي ُﻛ ْو َﻥ‪-‬‬ ‫ﺿ َ‬ ‫ﺣﻛاية‪ ،‬وﺷه ُر َر َم َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻥ‬
‫ﺿ َ‬ ‫وﻷبﻲ َﻋلِﻲﱟ مﻊ َﺷه ِْر َر َم َ‬
‫ُوﻥ‬ ‫اﺕ ﻋِ ْندَ َما َي ْﻔ َه ُم الﺻﱠا ِﺋم َ‬ ‫از ُ‬ ‫الﺣ َز َ‬
‫ﺕ ِﻓ ْي ِﻪ َ‬ ‫اﻋ ِة َوالرﱠ ﺣْ َمةِ‪َ ،‬وال ﱠﺳ َم ِر‪َ ،...‬تم ُْو ُ‬ ‫الط َ‬‫َﺷ ْه ُر ﱠ‬
‫اﺕ َبي َْﻥ ْاﻷ ُ َﺳ ِر َو ْاﻷَرْ َﺣ ِام‬ ‫ار ُ‬ ‫َﻗ ْد َرﻩُ‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْو َت َنا ُم َن ْو َم )ﺃَ ِبﻲ َﻋلﻲﱟ ( ﺇ َلﻰ ﺃَ َج ٍﻝ‪َ ،‬و َت ْﻛ ُث ُر ﱢ‬
‫الز َي َ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫اط ْو َﻥ ِمﻥْ َل َﺫا ِﺋ ِﺫ ْال َمﺄْ ُﻛ ْو َﻻ ِ‬ ‫اﺳﻰ الﺻﱠا ِﺋم ُْو َﻥ َم َﺷ ﱠﻘ َة ال ﱠن َهار ِﻓ ْي َما َي َت َع ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫َو ْاﻷَﺻْ ِد َﻗا ِء‪َ ،‬و َي َت َن َ‬
‫ﺻ َﻼةُ ْال ِع َﺷا ِء‪،‬‬ ‫ﺕ َ‬ ‫ﺏ َوﺃَ ْﻓ َطرُوا‪َ ،‬وا ْن َت َه ْ‬ ‫ﺻ َﻼ َة ْال َم ْﻐ ِر ِ‬ ‫ﺻلﱡوا َ‬ ‫ﺕ َﻓﺈِ َﺫا َ‬ ‫ﺏ ْالﻔُ َﻛا َها ِ‬ ‫َوﺃَ َط ِاي ِ‬
‫ﺕ ُﻛ ﱡﻝ َطا ِﺋ َﻔ ٍة لِ َتﺄْ ُﺧ َﺫ َنﺻِ ْي َب َها ِممﱠا َت ِم ْي ُﻝ ﺇ َل ْيﻪِ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺽ اﻷَ ْدﻋِ َي ِة ا ﱠت َج َه ْ‬ ‫َو َﻓ َر ُﻏوا ِمﻥْ ت َِﻼ َو ِة َبعْ ِ‬
‫الطلِي َْعةِ‪ ،‬ي َُﺅ ﱢدﻱ الﺻ َﱠﻼ َة َﻋ َلﻰ ﺃَ َت ﱢم‬ ‫َو ِممﱠا َتمْ َتز ُﺝ ِبر ُْو ِﺣ َها‪َ .‬وﺃَبُو َﻋلِﻲﱟ َم َﻊ ُﻛ ﱢﻝ َهﺅُ َﻻ ِء ﻓِﻲ ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺕ َوﺃَ ْﻛ َث َر‪،‬‬ ‫ْﻥ َوﺃَ َﻗ ﱠﻝ ِمﻥْ َﺫل َِﻙ َنﺣْ و َﻋ ْﺷ َر ِة ُبي ُْو ٍ‬ ‫اﻋ َتي ِ‬‫ﺽ َﻓ َي ُز ْو ُر ﻓِﻲ َﺳ َ‬ ‫َوجْ ﻪٍ‪َ ،‬و َي ْط ِوﻱ ْاﻷَرْ َ‬
‫اﺡ َي ُﻐ ﱡط ﻓِﻲ َن ْو ٍم َﻛ َن ْو ِم ﺃَهْ ِﻝ ْال َﻛ ْهﻑِ ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻓﺈِ َﺫا َما َﻋادَ ﺇ َلﻰ َب ْي ِت ِﻪ ﺃَ ْل َﻘﻰ ِب ْن ْﻔﺳِ ِﻪ ﻓِﻲ ﻓ َِراﺷِ ِﻪ َو َر َ‬
‫اﻥ – َﻛ َما ﻗُ ْل َنا – َﺷ ْه ُر العباد ِة َو ْال َم َر ِﺡ َواللﱠ َﺫ ِة َوال ﱡﺳر ُْو ِر‪َ -‬و َل ِﻛ ﱠن ُﻪ‬ ‫ﺿ َ‬ ‫َو َﺷ ْه ُر َر َم َ‬
‫ﱠار ْال َﻐ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺿﺏِ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺿﺏِ‪َ ،‬وﺃبُو َﻋلِﻲﱟ ْال َم ِر ُﺡ ْال َﻔ ِﻛ ُﻪ َﻻ َيﺳْ َل ُم ِمﻥْ َتي ِ‬ ‫اﺱ َﺷ ْه ُر ْال َﻐ َ‬ ‫ﻋِ ْندَ بعﺽ ال ﱠن ِ‬
‫اﻥ ْال َج َز ُﻉ م َِﻥ‬ ‫ﱠﺕ َز ْو َج ُت ُﻪ بﺈ ْي َﻘاﻅِ ﻪِ‪َ ،‬وﺇِ َﺫا َﻛ َ‬ ‫ﺕ ال ﱠﺳﺣ ُْو ِر‪َ ،‬و َهم ْ‬ ‫اﻥ َو ْﻗ ُ‬ ‫ُﺧﺻ ُْوﺻًا ﺇِ َﺫا َﺣ َ‬
‫اﻥ َﻓ َي ْبلُ ُﻎ ِب ِﻪ ﺃَﻥْ َي ُﻛ ْو َﻥ َﺷ ِرﺳًا‬ ‫ﺿ َ‬ ‫اﺱ ﺣُرْ َم َة َﺷه ِْر َر َم َ‬ ‫ﺽ ال ﱠن ِ‬ ‫ﺵ َو ْالج ُْو ِﻉ ُي ْنﺳِ ﻲ َبعْ َ‬ ‫ْال َع َط ِ‬
‫ﺱ َه َﺫا الرﱠ ج ُِﻝ ﱠ‬
‫الﻅ ِر ْيﻑِ‬ ‫اﺳ َة َﻻ ُتعْ د ُم َط ِر ْي َﻘ َها ﺇ َلﻰ َن ْﻔ ِ‬ ‫ﺱ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِﻥﱠ ال ﱠﺷ َر َ‬ ‫ار ﺃَ ْو ﺷِ ْب َﻪ َﺷ ِر ٍ‬ ‫ِبال ﱠن َه ِ‬
‫اﻅ ُﻪ َلي ًْﻼ لِ َي َت َن َاو َﻝ ال ﱠﺳﺣ ُْو َر!‬ ‫وﻥ ﺇ ْي َﻘ َ‬ ‫ِﺣي َْﻥ ي ُِر ْي ُد َ‬
‫َو َيﺳْ َت ِﺣ ْي ُﻝ َه َﺫا ال ﱠدﻋُوﺏُ ْال َﻔ ِﻛ ُﻪ ﺇ َلﻰ َرج ٍُﻝ َﻏﺿ ُْوﺏٍ‪ُ ،‬م َت َمرﱢ دٍ‪َ ،‬و َهاﺋ ٍِج‪ ،‬ﻋِ ْندَ َما َت ْد ُنو‬
‫ِم ْن ُﻪ َز ْو َج ُت ُﻪ ﻹ ْي َﻘاﻅِ ﻪِ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ ام َْرﺃَتِﻪ َوﺃَلِﻔُوا َنب َْر َت َها؛ ﺇِ ْﺫ َيﺳْ َم ُﻊ ﺃَ ْﻏ َلﺏُ ْال ُبي ُْو ِ‬ ‫ﺻ ْو َ‬ ‫ِﻑ ْال ِجي َْراﻥُ َج ِم ْيعًا َ‬ ‫َو َل َﻘ ْد ﺃل َ‬
‫ِﻲ ُت َنا ِد ْيﻪِ‪َ ،‬و َت ْب َﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﱡط ْو ِﺡ َﻋ َلﻰ الرﱠ ْﻏ ِم ِمﻥْ ُه ُد ْو ِﺋ ِﻪ َو ِر ﱠﻗ ِت ِﻪ َوه َ‬ ‫ﺻ ْو َت َها َﻋ ِابرً ا ِمﻥْ َﻓ ْو ِق الﺳ ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺽ ْالبُعْ دِ‪ ،‬لِ َتﺄْ َم َﻥ‬ ‫ُت َنا ِد ْي ِﻪ َﺣ ﱠتﻰ َي َت َنﺣْ َن َﺢ‪َ ،‬وﻓِﻲ َهﺫﻩ اﻷَ ْث َنا ِء َي ِجﺏُ ﺃَﻥْ َت ْب َتعِدَ ْال َمرْ ﺃَةُ ِم ْن ُﻪ َبعْ َ‬
‫ِمﻥْ َﺷرﱢ الرﱠ ْﻛ َل ِة َوالﺿﱠرْ َب ِة الﱠتِﻲ َل ْم ي ُْد َر ِمﻥْ ﺃَي َْﻥ َي ِجﻲْ ُء ِب َها؟ َوﺃَبُو َﻋلِﻲﱟ َيعْ َل ُم ﺃَ ﱠن ُﻪ ﻓِﻲ‬
‫طﻘُ ْو َﺳ ُﻪ الﱠتِﻲ َت ْطلُﺏُ ﺇ َل ْي ُﻪ ﺃَﻥْ َي ُﻛ ْو َﻥ َﻋاطِ ِﻔ ًّيا‪،‬‬ ‫اﻥ َو ُ‬ ‫ﺿ َ‬ ‫ْﺱ َﺷه ِْر َر َم َ‬ ‫ُﻛ ﱢﻝ َه َﺫا‪ ،‬ي َُﺧالِﻑُ َن َوا ِمي َ‬
‫ْﻑ ِب ِﻪ َو َﻗ ْد َﺧ َل َﻘ ُﻪ ﷲُ َلطِ ْي ًﻔا َر ِﻗ ْي ًﻘا‬ ‫ﺷ ْو َنةِ‪َ .‬ﻓ َﻛي َ‬ ‫اﻥ ﺳمﺣً ا َﻋ َلﻰ ْال ُﺧ ُ‬ ‫َم ِرﺣً ا‪َ ،‬ﺳم ُْوﺣً ا ﺇِ ْﺫا َﻛ َ‬
‫ِﻥ‬‫ﺷر ُْوطِ ْالم ُْﺅم ِ‬ ‫ﻪﻠﻟ َو َرﺳ ُْولِﻪِ‪َ ،‬و ِمﻥْ ُ‬ ‫ﺣ ُْل َو ْال َﺣ ِد ْيﺙِ‪َ ،‬وال ﱠﺷ َماﺋ ِِﻝ؛ َﻓﺿْ ًﻼ َﻋﻥْ ﺃ ﱠن ُﻪ م ُْﺅ ِمﻥٌ ِبا ِ‬
‫ﺷا‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷا َب ًّ‬ ‫ﺃَﻥْ َي ُﻛ ْو َﻥ َه ًّ‬

‫‪٩١‬‬
‫ﺻ ْو َم ُﻪ ِم ْن ُﻪ َﻓ َﺳ َعﻰ ِب ُﻛ ﱢﻝ َما‬ ‫اﻥ َيعْ َل ُم ِب َما َي ْن َبﻐِﻲ ﺃَﻥْ َي ُﻛ ْو َﻥ َﻋ َل ْي ِﻪ لِ َﻛﻲ َي َت َﻘ ﱠب َﻝ ﷲُ َ‬ ‫َل َﻘ ْد َﻛ َ‬
‫ﻙ لِ ُي َﻔرﱠ َﻍ‬‫اﻉ َب ْط ِﻥ ْالﻘ ِْد ِر ي َُﺣ ﱡ‬ ‫ْﻑ ال ﱠن ْو ِم َﺳ ِري َْﻊ اﻻ ْن ِت َبا ِﻩ ِبم َُج َر ِد َﺳ َم ِ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ وُ ﺳْ ِع ِﻪ لِ َي ُﻛ ْو َﻥ َﺧ ِﻔي َ‬
‫ِمﻥْ ﺁﺧ ِِر َﺣ ﱠب ٍة َﻋالِ َﻘ ٍة ِب ِﻪ م َِﻥ الرﱡ ِز‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ ْد ِﻗ ْي َﻝ َل ُﻪ ﺇِﻥﱠ َﻛ ِثيْرً ا م َِﻥ ال ﱠنا ِﺋ ِمي َْﻥ َﻻ َيﺣْ َتاج ُْو َﻥ ﺇ َلﻰ‬
‫ﺕ ﻋِ ْندَ‬ ‫ِﻲ َﻋادَ ةُ ْال ُبي ُْو ِ‬ ‫ﺕ ْالﻘ ِْد ِر َوه َُو ي َُﺣﻙﱡ‪َ -‬ﻛ َما ه َ‬ ‫ﺻ ْو ُ‬‫ُم َن ﱢب ٍﻪ ﻹ ْي َﻘاﻅِ ِه ْم؛ ْﺇﺫ َﻻ َي َﻛا ُد َيرْ َت ِﻔ ُﻊ َ‬
‫الط َع ِام م َِﻥ ْالﻘ ِْد ِر‪ -‬ﱠﺇﻻ َو َي ِهﺏﱡ َهﺅُ َﻻ ِء َﻓ َﺈﺫا ِب ِه ْم َﺣ ْو َﻝ ْال َماﺋِدَ ةِ‪َ .‬و َلﻛِﻥﱠ ﺃَ َبا َﻋلِﻲ َل ْم‬ ‫ﺇ ْﻓ َراﻍ ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﱡ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺕ الطب ُْو ِﻝ التِﻲ َت ُد ْو ُر ﻓِﻲ اﻷ ِز ﱠﻗةِ‪ ،‬تِل َﻙ الطب ُْو ُﻝ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ُي ْﻔلِﺢْ ‪َ ،‬و َﺳ َعﻰ ﺃﻥْ َيﺳْ َت ْيﻘِﻅ َﻋ َلﻰ ﺃﺻْ َوا ِ‬
‫الجه َْو ِر ﱠي ِة الﱠتِﻲ ُت َنادِﻱ‪َ » :‬يا ال ﱠنا ِﺋ ِمي َْﻥ ا ْﻗ ُع ُدوا‪ ...‬ا ْﻗ ُع ُدوا«‬ ‫ﺕ َ‬ ‫ْال َمﺻْ ﺣ ُْو َب ُة ِبت ِْل َﻙ ْاﻷَﺻْ َوا ِ‬
‫ﺿ َع َها‬ ‫اﻋ ٍة َﻛ ِبي َْر ٍة َو َ‬ ‫اﻝ ُم َن ﱢب ٍﻪ َﻗ ِوﻱﱟ ِمﻥْ َﺳ َ‬ ‫ﺏ َﻛ ِثيْرً ا م َِﻥ ْال َو َﺳاﺋ ِِﻝ َﻛاﺳْ ِتعْ َم ِ‬ ‫َﻓ َل ْم ي َُو ﱠﻓ ْق‪َ ،‬و َجرﱠ َ‬
‫َﻋ َلﻰ َم َﺳا َﻓ ِة ﻋِ ْﺷ ِري َْﻥ َﺳ ْن ِت َم ْترً ا َوﺃَ َﻗ ﱠﻝ ِمﻥْ َﺫل َِﻙ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َل ْم يُجْ ِد ِﻩ َﺷ ْي ًﺋا‪.‬‬
‫ْق ال ﱠن ْو ِم‪ ،‬ﻓِﺈِ َﺫا‬ ‫اﻥ َيﺣِﺱﱡ ِب َث َﻘ ٍﻝ َﻻ ِﻗ َب َﻝ ِبدَ ْﻓ ِع ِﻪ ﺇِ ﱠﻻ ِب َط ِري ِ‬ ‫اﻥ َي ْن َت ِبﻪُ‪َ ،‬و َل ِﻛ ﱠن ُﻪ َﻛ َ‬‫َن َع ْم‪ ،‬ﺇِ ﱠن ُﻪ َﻛ َ‬
‫ﺻا ُبﻪُ‪َ ،‬و َت َﻐي َﱠر م َِزا ُجﻪُ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َي ْندَ ِﻓ ُﻊ ﺇ َلﻰ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﺃَﻋْ َ‬ ‫اج ْ‬ ‫َﺣ َاو َﻝ ﺃَ َﺣ ٌد ﺃَﻥْ َيﺣ ُْو َﻝ َب ْي َن ُﻪ َو َبي َْﻥ ال ﱠن ْو ِم َه َ‬
‫ﺇزا َل ِة َه َﺫا الﱠﺫِﻱ ي ُِر ْي ُد ﺃَﻥْ يُﺣْ ِر َم ُﻪ مِﻥ َل ﱠﺫ ِة َن ْو ِم ِﻪ ِب ُﻛ ﱢﻝ َوﺳِ ْي َل ٍة َت ْﺧطِ ُر َﻋ َلﻰ َبالِ ِﻪ ِمﻥْ َل ْﻛ ٍم‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺱ‪ُ ،‬ث ﱠم َي َنا ُم ِمﻥْ َج ِد ْيدٍ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َر ْﻓ ٍ‬
‫اﺡ َي ْﺫ ُﻛ ُر ُﻛ ﱠﻝ َما َمرﱠ َﻋ َل ْي ِﻪ ِب َﺷﻲْ ٍء َﻛ ِثي ٍْر مِﻥ ال ﱠندَ ِم َﻓ َي ْﺧ َجﻝُ‪َ ،‬و َي َتﺄ َ ﱠﻓﻑُ َو َي َو ﱡد‬ ‫ﺻ َب ِ‬ ‫َوﻓِﻲ ال ﱠ‬
‫ﱠﺏ َل ُﻪ َه َﺫا ْالم َِزاﺝُ‪ ،‬ﺃَﻥْ َيﺻ ُْو َم ﺃَ ْﻛ َث َر ِمﻥْ ِنﺻْ ﻑِ‬ ‫ﺽ َﻗ ْد ا ْب َت َل َع ْتﻪُ‪َ ،‬و َﻗ ْد َﺳب َ‬ ‫َلو ﺃَﻥﱠ اﻷَرْ َ‬
‫ار جاﺋعاً‪ ،‬ﻋط ًﺷا‪َ ،‬ﻏاﺿِ بًا‪َ ،‬ﺣا ِن ًﻘا‪،‬‬ ‫ﺽ َﺫل َِﻙ ال ﱠن َه ِ‬ ‫ال ﱠﺷه ِْر ِمﻥْ ُد ْو ِﻥ َﺳﺣ ُْو ٍر‪َ ،‬ﻓ َي ْﻘﺿِ ﻲ َبعْ َ‬
‫َها ِﺋجً ا‪.‬‬
‫اﻥ َبي َْﻥ ﺃَ ِبﻲ َﻋلِﻲﱟ ‪َ ،‬و ْال َﻛ ِثي ِْر م َِﻥ الﺻﱠا ِﺋ ِمي َْﻥ َبعْ ﺽُ ْال َﻔرْ ِق‪َ ،‬و ْال َﻔرْ ُق‬ ‫َو َم َﻊ َﺫل َِﻙ َﻓ َﻘ ْد َﻛ َ‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫اﻋةِ‪َ ،‬وﺃَرْ َبا ِ‬ ‫ﺽ ِمﻥْ َط َب َﻘ ِة ْال َب َ‬ ‫َه َﺫا ه َُو ﺃَﻥﱠ م َُجرﱠ دَ الﺻ ْﱠو ِم ُه َنا؛ َو َﻻﺳِ ﱠي َما ﻋِ ْندَ َبعْ ٍ‬
‫ﺕ ْالي ْﱠو ِم ﱠيةِ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺈﺫا ِب ْالوُ جُو ِﻩ‬ ‫ْال َﺣ َوا ِن ْيﺕِ‪ ،‬ي ُْﺧ ِر ُج ُه ْم َﻋ َلﻰ ْال َﻘ َواﻋِ ِد ْال َمعْ هُودَ ِة ﻓِﻲ ْالم َُعا َم َﻼ ِ‬
‫اﻝ ْاﻵدَ ا ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫اﻥ ِمﻥْ ﻋِ َﻘ ِ‬ ‫ُﻥ َت ْن َطل ُِق ﻓِﻲ َﻛ ِثي ٍْر م َِﻥ ْاﻷﺣْ َي ِ‬ ‫ُم َت َج ﱢه َمة م ُْﻛ َﻔ ِهرﱠ ة َﻛال َِﺣة‪َ ،‬وﺇِ َﺫا ِب ْاﻷ ْلﺳ ِ‬
‫ﺻاﺏِ!!‬ ‫َو ْالم َُجا َمل ِة َﻓ َت ُﻛ ْوﻥُ ﺃَ ْﺷ َب َﻪ ِب ْال َم َناﺷِ ي ِْر ِم ْن َها ِباللﱠﺣْ ِم َو ْاﻷَﻋْ َ‬
‫ﺏ َو ْال ِع َل ِﻝ ‪َ ،‬ﻓه َُو َل ْم َي ِهجْ ﱠﺇﻻ‬ ‫الطا ِﺋ َﻔ ِة ﻓِﻲ ْاﻷَﺳْ َبا ِ‬ ‫ﺃمﱠا ﺃبُو َﻋلِﻲﱟ ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َي ْﺧ َتلِﻑُ َﻋﻥْ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ﱠ‬
‫ِﻙ‬ ‫ﺻ ِب ًّيا َي َت َر ﱠﻛ ُز ُﻛلﱡ ُﻪ ﻓِﻲ َن ْو ِم ِﻪ َو َي ْﻘ َﻅ ِت ِﻪ ْالم ُْزﻋِ َجةِ‪َ ،‬وﺇِ ْﺫا َل ْم َي َﺷﺄْ ﺃُو َلﺋ َ‬
‫ﻷَ ﱠن ُﻪ َي ْﺷ ُﻛو َم َرﺿًا َﻋ َ‬
‫اﻥ َما َي ُث ْوﺏُ ﺇ َلﻰ ُر ْﺷ ِدﻩِ‪َ ،‬و ُيﻘِرﱡ ِبﺄ َ ﱠن ُﻪ‬ ‫ُوب ِه ْم َه ِﺫﻩِ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥﱠ ﺃَ َبا َﻋلِﻲﱟ ﺳُرْ َﻋ َ‬ ‫ﺃَﻥْ َيعْ َت ِرﻓُوا ِب ُعي ِ‬

‫‪٩٢‬‬
 ‫ﺻ ْو َم ُﻪ َوﻋِ َبادَ َتﻪُ‪َ ،‬ﻗ ْد َت ْﺫ َهﺏُ مِﻥ َجرﱠ ا ِء َم َرﺿِ ِﻪ َه َﺫا َه َباءً‪َ ،‬وﺃَ ﱠن ُﻪ َيعْ َت ِرﻑُ‬ ‫َم ِريْﺽٌ ‪َ ،‬وﺃَﻥﱠ َ‬
‫ﺕ ﺇِ ﱠﻻ ل ِْل َم ْﻐﻔ َِرةِ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺿاﻥُ َل ْم َيﺄ ِ‬ ‫ﺿاﻥ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َر َم َ‬ ‫ِزاﺝ ِممﱠا ُي ِﺧ ﱡﻝ ِبﺣُرْ َم ِة َﺷه ِْر َر َم َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ِبﺄﻥﱠ مِث َﻝ َهﺫا الم ِ‬
‫َوالرﱠ ﺣْ َمةِ‪َ ،‬وﺣُﺏﱢ ْال َﺧي ِْر‪َ ،‬وﺃَﻥﱠ ِمﻥْ دَ َﻻﺋِﻝ َه َﺫا‪ ،‬ه َُو اﻻ ْنطِ َﻼ ُق َو ْال ِب ْﺷ ُر َوال ﱠت َﺳا ُمﺢُ‪َ ،‬وﺃَي َْﻥ‬
‫ﺏ ْالع َِﻼ ِﺝ َﺣ ﱠتﻰ ﻋِ ْندَ‬ ‫ه َُو ِمﻥْ َه َﺫا اﻻ ْنطِ َﻼ ِق َو ْال ِب ْﺷ ِر َوال ﱠت َﺳام ُِﺢ؟ ل َِﺫل َِﻙ َل ْم ُي َﻘﺻﱢرْ ﻓِﻲ َط َل ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْاﻷَطِ بﱠا ِء‪ ،‬وﻋِ ْندَ ُﻛ ﱠتا ِ َ‬
‫ﺱ‪،‬‬ ‫از‪َ ،‬و َﺣ ﱠتﻰ ﻋِ ْندَ َمﻥْ َي ْز ُﻋ ُم ْاﻹ ْل َما َم ِبع ِْل ِم ال ﱠن ْﻔ ِ‬ ‫ﺏ ْاﻷ ْدﻋِ َي ِة واﻷﺣْ َر ِ‬
‫َﻓ َل ْم ُيﻔ ِْد ِمﻥْ َﺫل َِﻙ َﺷ ْي ًﺋا‪َ ،‬و َل ْم َيﺳْ َت ِﻘ ْم ﺃ ْم ُرﻩُ‪.‬‬
‫اﻥ‪َ ،‬ﻋادَ ﺃَبُو َﻋلﻲﱟ م َِﻥ الﺳ ْﱡو ِق ﺇ َلﻰ َب ْي ِتﻪِ‪َ ،‬ول ْم َي ُﻛﻥْ َﻗ ْد‬ ‫ﺿ َ‬ ‫ﱠام َر َم َ‬ ‫اﺕ َي ْو ٍم ِمﻥْ ﺃي ِ‬ ‫َو َﺫ َ‬
‫ِﻱ‬ ‫ار َﺣ ِة َو َﻻ الﱠتِﻲ َﻗ ْب َل َها‪َ ،‬و َﻅ ﱠﻝ ُي َﻔ ﱢﻛ ُر َط ِوي ًْﻼ؛ لِ َي ْه َتد َ‬ ‫ُور ﻓِﻲ اللﱠ ْي َل ِة ْال َب ِ‬ ‫َت َن َاوﻝ َط َعا َم ال ﱠﺳﺣ ِ‬
‫ﻑ يُو ِﻗﻔُ ُﻪ ﻋِ ْندَ َﺣ ﱢدﻩِ‪َ ،‬وﺃَ ِﺧيْرً ا َهﺏﱠ َمرﱠ ًة َواﺣِدَ ًة‪َ ،‬ﻛ َما َهﺏﱠ ارْ َﺧ ِم ْيدِﺱُ‬ ‫ﺇ َلﻰ ﻋِ َﻼ ٍﺝ َﺷا ٍ‬
‫ﺻا ِﺋﺣً ا‪َ :‬ل َﻘد َو َج ْد ُت َها‪َ ،‬ل َﻘ ْد َو َج ْد ُت َها‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺕ؟‬ ‫الز ْو َج ُة‪َ :‬ما الﱠﺫِﻱ َو َج ْد َ‬ ‫ﺕ ﱠ‬ ‫َﻗا َل ِ‬
‫اﺱ َن ْومًا‪َ ،‬وﺃَ ْد َﻓﺄ َ ُه ْم َﻓمًا‪،‬‬ ‫َﻗا َﻝ‪ْ :‬الع َِﻼﺝُ‪َ ..‬ﻓ َلﻥْ َت ِج ِد ْينِﻲ َبعْ دَ َه َﺫا‪ ،‬ﱠﺇﻻ َوﺃَ َنا ﺃَ َﺧﻑﱡ ال ﱠن ِ‬
‫ﺷ ْو ِق‬ ‫ﺕ ال ﱠﺳﺣ ُْو ِر َﻓ َت َعالﻲ ِب َﻘلِي ٍْﻝ ِمﻥْ َمﺳْ ﺣ ُْو ِق ال ﱡن ُ‬ ‫اﻥ َو ْﻗ ُ‬ ‫َوﺃﺣْ َﻼ ُه ْم َﻛ َﻼمًا‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ َﺫا َما َﺣ َ‬
‫ْﻥ‪ُ ،‬ث ﱠم‬ ‫)ال َبرْ ُن ْوطِ ﻲﱢ ( ْال َﻘ ِوﻱﱢ ‪َ ،‬و ُﺫرﱢ ْي ِﻪ ﻓِﻲ ﺃَ ْنﻔِﻲ‪َ ،‬وا ْنﻔُﺧِﻲ ِﻓ ْيﻪِ‪ ،‬لِ َيﺻْ َعدَ ﺇ َلﻰ ﺃَﻋْ َلﻰ ْال َم ْن َﺧ َري ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َﺳجﱢ لِﻲ َن َتاﺋ َِج َه َﺫا ْاﻻ ْﻛ ِت َﺷاﻑِ ‪.‬‬
‫ُوط( ﻓِﻲ ﺃَ ْن ِﻔ ِﻪ َو َت ْنﻔُ ُﺦ ِﻓ ْي ِﻪ ﱠﺇﻻ َو َيبْدﺃ ُ‬ ‫ﺿ ُﻊ )ال ﱠﺳع َ‬ ‫الز ْو َج ُة َت َ‬ ‫اﻥ َﻛ َما َﻗا َﻝ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻼ َت َﻛا ُد ﱠ‬ ‫َو َﻛ َ‬
‫ُطاﺱُ ‪َ ،‬ﻋ ْط َﺳ ًة َبعْ دَ ﺃ ُ ْﺧ َرﻯ؛ َﻓ ِي ْن َتﺻِ ﺏُ الرﱠ ُج ُﻝ َﻗا ِﺋمًا‪َ ،‬ويُﺳْ ِر ُﻉ ﺇ َلﻰ ْال َﺣ َن ِﻔ ﱠيةِ؛ لِ َي ْﻐﺳِ َﻝ‬ ‫ْالع َ‬
‫)ال َبر ُن ْوطِ ﻲﱢ (‪ُ ،‬ث ﱠم َيجْ لِﺱُ َﺣ ْو َﻝ َماﺋِدَ ِة ال ﱠﺳﺣ ُْو ِر‪َ ،‬وه َُو َيﺿْ َﺣﻙُ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﺧ َِر َما َﻋل َِق ِبﺄ َ ْن ِﻔ ِﻪ م َِﻥ ْ‬
‫ﺏ ْال َمرْ ﺃَ ِة ﺃَﻥْ َت ْد ُن َو ِمﻥْ‬ ‫اج ٌة ﺇ َلﻰ ْال َبرْ ُن ْوطِ ﻲﱢ ‪َ ،‬و ِب َﺣﺳْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠام َل ْم َتع ُْد ب ِﻪ َﺣ َ‬ ‫ب ُمر ُْو ِر اﻷي ِ‬
‫ﺷ ْو ِق ُم ِج ْيبًا ِب َﻐا َي ِة‬ ‫ﻑ م َِﻥ ال ﱠن ُ‬ ‫َز ْو ِج َها لِ ُت َنا ِد َي ُﻪ )ﺃَبُو َﻋلِﻲ َيا بُو َﻋلِﻲ( َﻓ َي ِهﺏﱡ َوه َُو ﻓِﻲ َﺧ ْو ٍ‬
‫ار َم ْوﺿُو ُﻉ نِدَ ا ِﺋ ِﻪ َو َج َو ِاب ِﻪ َم ْوﺿ َ‬
‫ُوﻉ‬ ‫الﺳﱡرْ َﻋةِ‪َ :‬بلِﻲ‪َ .‬بلِﻲ‪َ .‬بلِﻲ‪َ .‬بلِﻲ‪َ ** .‬ﺣ ﱠتﻰ َ‬
‫ﺻ َ‬
‫اﺡ ُي َنا ِد ْيﻪِ‪ُ ،‬ﻛلﱠ َما َرﺁﻩُ َي ُه ﱡم ِبال ﱠن ْو ِم َوه َُو يُﺷِ ْي ُر ﺇ َل ْي ِﻪ ِبع ُْل َب ِة‬
‫ﺻ ِﻐي ِْر الﱠﺫِﻱ َر َ‬
‫ﻓُ َﻛا َه ٍة ﻻ ْب ِن ِﻪ ال ﱠ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ْ‬
‫اﺡ ) َبلِﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ال َبرْ ُنوطِ ﻲ َﻗاﺋِﻼ‪ » :‬ﺃبُو َﻋلِﻲﱟ َيا بُو َﻋ َلﻲﱟ « َﻓ ُي ِج ْي ُب ُﻪ اﻷﺏُ َﻋ َلﻰ َﺳ ِبي ِْﻝ الم َُز ِ‬
‫َبلِﻲ‪َ .‬بلِﻲ‪َ .‬بلِﻲ(‪.‬‬
‫وابطِ ْال َع َر ِب ﱠيةِ‪َ :‬ب َلﻰ‪.‬‬
‫ِﺿ ِ‬ ‫** َﻛلِ َم ٌة م َِﻥ اللﱠه َْج ِة ْالع َِرا ِﻗ ﱠي ِة ال ﱠد ِ‬
‫ار َجةِ‪َ ،‬وال ﱠتعْ ِب ْي ُر ال ﱠﺳلِ ْي ُم َو ْﻓ ًﻘا ل َ‬

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 ‫َﻣ َﻌﺎﻧِﻲ ﺍ ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻔ َﺮ َﺩﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺕ‬

‫ال ﱡت ْﺅدَ ةُ‪ :‬ال ﱠت َم ﱡهﻝُ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿﺣ ُْوﻙٌ‪.‬‬ ‫َر ُج ٌﻝ َﻓ ِﻛﻪٌ‪َ :‬‬
‫َن َوا ِميْﺱُ ‪َ :‬ﻗ َوا ِنيْﻥُ ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻓ ِر ُﻏوا‪ :‬ا ْن َتهُوا‪.‬‬
‫ﺷا‪َ :‬ط ْل ًﻘا ُم ْب َتﺳِ مًا‪.‬‬‫ﺷا َب ًّ‬
‫َه ًّ‬
‫ُﺻﺏﱡ ﻓﻲ ْاﻷَ ْنﻑِ ﺃَ ْو ُي َﺷ ﱡم‪.‬‬
‫ط‪َ ،‬و ْال َبرْ ُنوطِ ﻲﱡ ‪ُ :‬ﻛ ﱡﻝ دَ َوا ٍء ي َ‬‫وق‪َ ،‬وال ﱠﺳع ُْو ُ‬ ‫ﺷ ُ‬ ‫ال ﱠن ُ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﱠ ْﺤﻠِ ْﻴ ُﻞ‬

‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻥﱠ ﻗ َِرا َء َة َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال ِﻘﺻﱠة ُت ْﻅ ِه ُر َل َنا ﻋِ َنا َي َة ْال َﺧلِ ْيلِﻲﱢ ِب ْال َم َﻅاه ِِر اﻻجْ ِتمَاﻋِ ﱠي ِة َﺫا ِ‬
‫ﺕ ال ﱠﺷعْ ِب ﱠيةِ‪َ ،‬و َﻗ ْد َت َجلﱠﻰ َﺫل َِﻙ‪ِ ،‬بالرﱡ ْو ِﺡ ْال َعا ﱠمةِ‪َ ،‬وال ﱠن ْﻐ َم ِة ْال ُم ْن َﺳا َب ِة ﻓِﻲ ِﻛ َتا َبا ِتﻪِ‪،‬‬ ‫ْال َمﺄْ ُث ْو َرا ِ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫اﻝ ْال ِﺣ َﻛا َي ِة ال ﱠﺷعْ ِب ﱠي ِة ْالم ُْزدَ ِﺣ َم ِة ِب َﺳي ٍْﻝ م َِﻥ ْالمُعْ َت َﻘدَ ا ِ‬ ‫ﺹ َﻋ َلﻰ ِم ْن َو ِ‬ ‫ﻘﺻ َ‬ ‫َﻓه َْو ي َُﺅلﱢﻑُ ْال َ‬
‫ﺃو ْال َجه ِْﻝ ِبﺄَﺣْ َﻛا ِمﻪِ‪.‬‬
‫ال ﱠنات َِج ِة َﻋﻥْ ﺳ ُْو ِء َﻓه ِْم ال ﱢد ِي ِﻥ ٍ‬
‫ﺏ الﱠﺫِﻱ َما ﺃَﻥْ‬ ‫ﺏ ْال َﻘ ْل ِ‬ ‫ﺻ َة َﺫل َِﻙ الرﱠ ج ُِﻝ ْال َم ِر ِﺡ‪َ ،‬و َط ﱢي ِ‬ ‫ﺻ ُة ) َيا بُو َﻋلِﻲﱟ (‪ِ ،‬ﻗ ﱠ‬ ‫َو َتﺣْ ﻛِﻲ ِﻗ ﱠ‬
‫اﻥ ﻗُ َب ْي َﻝ ْال َﻔجْ ِر‪ ،‬ﻋِ ْندَ َما‬ ‫ﺿ َ‬ ‫ﺁﺧ َر؛ َو َﻻﺳِ ﱠي َما ﻓِﻲ َﺷه ِْر َر َم َ‬ ‫ﺹ َ‬ ‫َي َنا َم َﺣ ﱠتﻰ َي َت َﺣوﱠ َﻝ ﺇ َلﻰ َﺷ ْﺧ ٍ‬
‫اﻅﻪُ‪.‬‬ ‫ُت ِر ْي ُد َز ْو َج ُت ُﻪ ﺇ ْي َﻘ َ‬
‫ارﺱُ َم َع ُﻪ ِمﻥْ ﺃَجْ ِﻝ‬ ‫ﺕ ْال َﻔ ِﻛ َه ِة الﱠتِﻲ ُت َم َ‬ ‫َو َتمُرﱡ َﺷ ْﺧﺻِ ﱠي ُت ُﻪ ِبﺳِ ْلﺳِ َل ٍة م َِﻥ ْالم َُﺣ َاو َﻻ ِ‬
‫اﻋ ُد َﺣ ﱠتﻰ َتﺻِ َﻝ‬ ‫ﺻ َ‬ ‫ﺇ ْي َﻘاﻅِ ِﻪ ِمﻥْ م ِْث ِﻝ دَ ْلﻙِ َﻗدَ َم ْيﻪِ‪َ ،‬و َﻏي ِْر َﺫل َِﻙ‪َ ،‬لﻛِﻥﱠ ُر ُد ْودَ ﺃَ ْﻓ َعالِ ِﻪ َت َت َ‬
‫اﻥ ﺃَبُو َﻋلِﻲﱟ َي ْﺷ ُﻛو َم َرﺿًا‬ ‫اﻥ‪َ ،‬وﺇِ َﺫا َﻛ َ‬ ‫ﺏ َو َه َي َج ٍ‬ ‫ﺿ ٍ‬ ‫الﺫرْ َو ِة َﻓدَ َﺧ َﻝ ﻓِﻲ َم ْو َج ِة َﻏ َ‬ ‫ﺇ َلﻰ ﱡ‬
‫اﺽ َو ْال َﻛﺂ َب ِة‬ ‫ﺽ الﺻﱠا ِﺋ ِمي َْﻥ ْال ُم ْﻔ َع ِمي َْﻥ ِب ْاﻻ ْن ِﻘ َب ِ‬ ‫ﺻ ِبيًا َي ْد َﻓ ُع ُﻪ ﺇ َلﻰ َه َﺫا ال ﱡﺳلُ ْوﻙِ ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِﻥﱠ َبعْ َ‬ ‫َﻋ َ‬
‫ﺷع ُْورً ا‬ ‫ﺙ َﻋﻥْ ﻋِ َﻼ ٍﺝ ل َِﺣا َل ِت ِﻪ َه َﺫﻩِ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫اﺡ ﺃَبُو ﻋلﻲﱟ َيب َْﺣ ُ‬ ‫ﺻرﱠ ﻓُ ْو َﻥ م ِْث َل ُﻪ َوﺃَ ْﻛ َث َر؛ َول َِﺫل َِﻙ َر َ‬ ‫َي َت َ‬
‫ُور ِة ﺇي َْجا ِد دَ َوا ٍء لِ َم َرﺿِ ﻪِ‪َ ،‬ﺣ ﱠتﻰ ي َت َبي َﱠﻥ َل ُﻪ ﺃَ ِﺧيْرً ا ﺃَﻥﱠ ْال َوﺳِ ْي َل َة ْاﻷَ َﻛيْدَ َة ﻹ ْي َﻘاﻅِ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺿر َ‬ ‫ِم ْن ُﻪ ِب َ‬
‫اﻥ َما َيعْ َتا ُد‬ ‫اﻥ ِنعْ َم ال ﱠد َواء ل َِﺣا َل ِتﻪِ‪ ،‬وﺳُرْ َﻋ َ‬ ‫ﺷ ْو ِق( ﻓِﻲ َم ْن َﺧ َر ْي ِﻪ الﱠﺫِﻱ َﻛ َ‬ ‫ِﻲ َوﺿْ ُﻊ )ال ﱠن ُ‬ ‫ه َ‬
‫اج ُة ﺇ َليْﻪ‪.‬‬‫َﻋ َليْﻪ‪َ ،‬و ُي َﻘرﱢ ُر اﻻﺳْ ت ِْﻐ َنا َء َﻋ ْن ُﻪ َبعْ دَ ﺃﻥْ َت ْن َتﻔِﻲ ْال َﺣ َ‬
‫ﻑ‬ ‫اﺕ اﻻجْ ِتمَاﻋِ ﱠي ُة‪َ ،‬ﻓ ِمﻥْ َوﺻْ ٍ‬ ‫ُوﻋ ُ‬ ‫اﺧ ُﻝ ِﻓ ْي َها ْال َم ْوﺿ َ‬ ‫ﺻ َة ‪َ -‬ﻛ َما َرﺃَ ْي َنا‪َ -‬ت َتدَ َ‬ ‫َو ْال ِﻘ ﱠ‬

‫‪٩٤‬‬
‫ْﺢ‬ ‫اﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇ َلﻰ ا ْن ِت َﻘا ٍد لِ ُﺳلُوﻙٍ َﻏي ِْر َ‬ ‫وﺱ َﺷه ِْر َر َم َ‬ ‫ِطﻘُ ِ‬ ‫لِ َﺷ ْﺧﺻِ ﱠي ٍة اجْ ِتمَاﻋِ ﱠيةٍ‪ ،‬ﺇ َلﻰ ﺫ ِْﻛ ٍر ل ُ‬
‫ﺻ ِﺣي ٍ‬ ‫ﺿ َ‬
‫ﺽ الﺻﱠا ِﺋ ِمي َْﻥ‪ ،‬وﻏيرها مﻥ المواﻗﻑ‪.‬‬ ‫لِ َبعْ ِ‬
‫ﺻﺻِ ﱠي ِة َلدَ ﻯ ْال َﺧلِ ْيلِﻲﱢ الﱠتِﻲ َت َت َم ﱠث ُﻝ ِبا ﱢت َجا ِه ِﻪ‬‫ﺻاﺋِﺹُ ْال ِﻛ َتا َب ِة ال َﻘ َ‬ ‫ﺻ ِة َت ْب ُدو َﺧ َ‬ ‫َوﻓِﻲ ْال ِﻘ ﱠ‬
‫ﻻجْ ِتمَاﻋِ ﻲﱠ ِب ْالﻔُ َﻛا َه ِة ْال َﻘا ِﺋ َم ِة َﻋ َلﻰ ﺣِﺱﱟ‬ ‫ﺷعب ﱠي ِة الﱠتِﻲ َتمْ ُز ُﺝ ال ﱠن ْﻘدَ ا ْ‬ ‫ﺏ ْال ِﻛ َت ِابة ال ّ‬ ‫ﺻ ْو َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺕ َوال ﱠت َﻘالِ ْيدِ‪.‬‬ ‫ار َﻗ ِة ْال َﺣ َيا ِت ﱠيةِ‪َ ،‬و ْال َعادَ ا ِ‬
‫ِب ْال ُم َﻔ َ‬

‫ﺃَ ْ‬
‫ﺳﺌِﻠَﺔُ ﺍ ْﻟ ُﻤﻨَﺎﻗَ َ‬
‫ﺸ ِﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺿﺏِ‪ ،‬ﺃَي َْﻥ َت ِج ُد َﺫل َِﻙ‬ ‫ﺻا َب ُﻪ ﻋِ ْندَ ْال َﻐ َ‬‫اﻥ الﱠﺫِﻱ َي ْﻔ ِﻘ ُد ﺃَﻋْ َ‬ ‫ﺻ ُة َﻋا ِﻗ َب َة ْاﻹ ْن َﺳ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ْال ِﻘ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺻ ِ‬‫‪َ -١‬ل ﱠﺧ َ‬
‫ﺙ ْال ِﻘ ﱠ‬
‫ﺻةِ؟‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ ﺃَﺣْ دَ ا ِ‬
‫ِﻙ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال ِﻘ ﱠ‬
‫ﺻ َة؟‬ ‫‪َ -2‬ما ْال ِعب َْرةُ الﱠتِﻲ ُي ْمﻛِﻥُ ﺃَﻥْ َتﺳْ َت ْﺧل َ‬
‫ِﺻ َها َبعْ دَ ﻗ َِرا َءت َ‬
‫ﺻ ِتﻪِ‪ِ ،‬مﻥْ ﺧ َِﻼ ِﻝ‬ ‫ِﺏ َﻗد ُﻋن َِﻲ ِب َتﺻْ ِوي ِْر ْال َﺣ َيا ِة اﻻجْ ِتمَاﻋِ ﱠي ِة ﻓِﻲ ِﻗ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺃﻥﱠ ْال َﻛات َ‬ ‫‪َ -۳‬ه ْﻝ َﻻ َﺣ ْﻅ َ‬
‫الﻅاه َِر ِة اﻻجْ ِتمَاﻋِ ﱠيةِ؟ َو َه ْﻝ َمرﱠ َﻋ َلي َ‬
‫ْﻙ‬ ‫) َﺷ ْﺧﺻِ ﱠي ِة ﺃَ ِبﻲ َﻋلِﻲﱟ ( وُ ﺻ ُْو ًﻻ ﺇ َلﻰ ا ْن ِت َﻘا ِد َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ﱠ‬
‫ِﻙ؟‬‫م ِْث ُﻝ َه َﺫا ال ﱡﺳلُ ْوﻙِ ﻓِﻲ َﺣ َيات َ‬
‫ﻛاﻥ بي َْﻥ ﺃَ ِبﻲ َﻋلِﻲﱟ َوالﺻﱠا ِﺋ ِمي َْﻥ َبعْ ﺽُ ْال َﻔرْ ِق‪َ ،‬ما ه َُو؟‬ ‫‪َ -4‬‬
‫ﺻ ِة )يا بُو‬ ‫ﺻ ِة الﱠتِﻲ دَ َرﺳْ َت َها َﻋ َلﻰ ِﻗ ﱠ‬ ‫اﺕ ْال ِﻘ ﱠ‬ ‫‪ -٥‬ﺇ َلﻰ ﺃَﻱﱢ َﺣ ﱟد‪ُ ،‬ي ْمﻛِﻥُ ﺃَﻥْ َت ْن َط ِب َق ﺳِ َم ُ‬
‫َﻋلِﻲ(؟‬
‫ﺻﺻِ ﱠيةِ‪َ ،‬ما ُﻋ ْن َوا َنا ُت َها؟‬ ‫ﺕ ْال َﻘ َ‬ ‫‪ -٦‬ﺃَﺻْ دَ َر ْال َﺧلِ ْيلِﻲﱡ َﻋدَ ًدا م َِﻥ ْال َمجْ م َ‬
‫ُوﻋا ِ‬
‫ﺏ ْال َع َر ِبﻲﱢ ‪َ .‬نا ِﻗﺵْ َﺫل َِﻙ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻ ِة ﻓِﻲ ْاﻷَدَ ِ‬ ‫ُوﻥ ﻓِﻲ َن ْﺷﺄ َ ِة ْال ِﻘ ﱠ‬
‫ارﺳ َ‬ ‫ﻑ ال ﱠد ِ‬ ‫‪ْ -۷‬‬
‫اﺧ َت َل َ‬
‫ﺕ ال ﱠﺷعْ ِب ﱠي ِة ﺃَ ْﻛ َث َر ِمﻥْ‬ ‫ﺕ ْال َمﺄْ ُث ْو َرا ِ‬ ‫‪َ -۸‬ت ْﻅ َه ُر ﻋِ َنا َي ُة ْال َﺧلِ ْيلِﻲﱢ ِب ْال َم َﻅاه ِِر اﻻجْ ِتمَاﻋِ ﱠي ِة َﺫا ِ‬
‫ﺕ ْال َﺣ ِد ْي َثةِ‪َ .‬وﺿﱢﺢْ َﺫل َِﻙ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋِ َنا َي ِت ِﻪ ِب ْال َم ْوﺿ ُْو َﻋا ِ‬

‫‪٩٥‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎ ِﺩ َﺳ َﺔ َﻋ ْﺸ َﺮ َﺓ‬
‫ْﺍﻟ َﻮ ْﺣ َﺪ ُﺓ ﱠ‬
‫ﻀﺎ َﺭ ُﺓ(‬ ‫َﻣ َﺴﻠﱠ ُﺔ َﺣ ُﻤﻮ َﺭ ِﺍﺑﻲ )ﺍﻟ ﱡﺪ ْﺳ ُﺘﻮ ُﺭ َﻭ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ َ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﱠ ْﻤ ِﻬ ْﻴ ُﺪ‬

‫ار ِة‬‫ﺿ َ‬ ‫اق ﻗِدَ َم ْال َﺣ َ‬

‫ُوﻥ ﻓِﻲ ْالع َِر ِ‬ ‫اري َ‬ ‫اﺕ ْال َﺣ ْﻔ ِر ﱠي ُة الﱠتِﻲ َﻗا َم ِب َها ْاﻵ َث ِ‬ ‫ﺕ ْ‬
‫اﻻﻛ ِت َﺷا َﻓ ُ‬ ‫ﺃَ ْﻅ َه َر ِ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ارا ِ‬ ‫ﺿ َ‬ ‫ار َة َوادِﻱ الرّ اﻓِدَ يْﻥ هِﻲ ﺃَ ْﻗدَ ُم َﺣ َ‬ ‫اﺕ َﻋ َلﻰ ﺃﻥﱠ َﺣ َ‬
‫ﺿ َ‬ ‫اﺳ ُ‬ ‫ﺕ ال ﱢد َر َ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ ِب َﻼ ِد َنا؛ ﺇِ ْﺫ ﺃَجْ َم َع ِ‬
‫ْيﻥ‪َ ،‬وﺃَ َﻛد‪،‬‬ ‫ار الﺳﱡو َم ِري َ‬ ‫ار َه َﺫا ْال َب َل ِد ْال ُم َت َن َ‬
‫وﻋةِ‪َ ،‬ﻛﺂ َث ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ْال َعا َل ِم‪َ ،‬وه َُو ﺃمْ ٌر َواﺿِ ٌﺢ ﻓِﻲ ﺁ َث ِ‬
‫اق ْال َﻘدِيم‪َ .‬وه َُو ﺃَوﱠ ُﻝ‬ ‫ﺕ َﺳاﺋِدَ ًة ﻓِﻲ ْالع َِر ِ‬ ‫ير َها م َِﻥ ْال َم َمالِﻙِ الﱠتِﻲ َﻛا َن ْ‬ ‫ﺷ ْو َر‪َ ،‬وﻏِ ِ‬ ‫َو َب ِاب َﻝ‪َ ،‬وﺁ ُ‬
‫باﻵ َﺧ ِر‪َ ،‬و َوا ِج َبا ِت ِﻪ‬ ‫اﻥ‪َ ،‬و َﻋ َﻼ َﻗ َت ُﻪ ْ‬
‫وق ْاﻹِ ْن َﺳ ِ‬ ‫ﺕ ُﺣﻘُ َ‬ ‫ﺿ َﻊ ُدﺳْ ُتورً ا‪َ ،‬و َﻗ َوا ِني َْﻥ َن ﱠﻅ َم ْ‬ ‫َب َل ٍد َو َ‬
‫َو ُﺣﻘُ ْو َﻗ ُﻪ ﻓِﻲ َو َط ِنﻪِ‪.‬‬

‫ﻀ ﱠﻤﻨَﺔُ‬
‫ﺍ ْﻟ َﻤﻔَﺎ ِﻫ ْﻴ ُﻢ ﺍ ْﻟ ُﻤﺘَ َ‬
‫ار ْي ِﺧي ٌﱠة‪.‬‬‫‪َ -‬م َﻔا ِه ْي ُم َت ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬م َﻔا ِه ْي ُم َﻗا ُن ْو ِني ٌﱠة‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬م َﻔا ِه ْي ُم لُ َﻐ ِوي ٌﱠة‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬م َﻔا ِه ْي ُم ﺃدَ ِبي ٌﱠة‪.‬‬

‫َﻣﺎ ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ﱢ‬
‫ﺺ‬
‫الم ؟‬ ‫اﻥ ﻓِﻲ ﺃَﻱﱢ َب َل ٍد مِﻥ ب ُْلدَ ِ ْ‬
‫ور؟ َو َما ﺃَه ﱢم ﱠي ُت ُﻪ ل ِْﻺ ْن َﺳ ِ‬ ‫‪َ -‬ما َﻓاﺋِدَ ةُ ال ﱡدﺳْ ُت ِ‬
‫اﻥ ال َع ِ‬
‫ﺕ ُدﺳْ ُت ْورً ا َﺧاﺻﱠا ِب َها؟ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿ َع ْ‬ ‫ﺿار ٍة ﻓِﻲ ْال َعا َل ِم َو َ‬ ‫‪َ -‬ما ﺃَﻗدَ ُم َﺣ َ‬
‫ار ِة ْالع َِرا ِﻗ ﱠي ِة َنﺳِ َي َج َها‬ ‫اﻥ َل َها ﺃ َث ٌر ﻓِﻲ ﺇِﻋْ َطا ِء ْال َﺣ َ‬
‫ﺿ َ‬ ‫ﺕ الﱠتِﻲ َﻛ َ‬ ‫يعا ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬ما ﺃَ َﻗدَ ُم ال ﱠت ْﺷ ِر َ‬
‫ْال َﺧاﺹﱠ َو َر ْو َن َﻘ َها الُ ُم َمي َﱠز؟‬

‫‪٩٦‬‬
 ‫اﻷو ُل‪ :‬اﻟ ُﻤ َﻄﺎ َﻟ َﻌ ُﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺪ ْر ُس َّ‬
‫َّ‬

‫ﺎر ُة‬ ‫اﻟﺪ ْﺳ ُﺘ ُ‬

‫ﻮر َوا ْﻟ َﺤ َﻀ َ‬ ‫ﻮرا ِﺑﻲ‪ُّ :‬‬ ‫َﺔ َﺣ ُﻤ َ‬‫َﻣ َﺴّﻠ ُ‬
‫ﺄر ْي ِﺧﻪِ‪َ ،‬و َيزدَ ا ُد اﻻ ْﻓت َِﺧا ُر ُﻛلﱠ َما‬‫ار ِت ِﻪ َو َت ِ‬
‫ﺿ َ‬ ‫ﺏ ِب َﺣ َ‬ ‫ﺏ م َِﻥ ال ﱡﺷعُو ِ‬ ‫َي ْﻔ َت ِﺧ ُر ُﻛ ﱡﻝ َﺷعْ ٍ‬
‫ﺏ ْال َواﺣِدَ ةُ َﻋ ِﻥ ْاﻷ ُ ْﺧ َرﻯ‬ ‫اﺕ ال ﱡﺷعُو ِ‬ ‫ار ُ‬‫ﺿ َ‬ ‫ارةُ ِب ْالﻘِدَ ِم؛ ْﺇﺫ َت ْﺧ َتلِﻑُ َﺣ َ‬ ‫ﺿ َ‬‫ﺕ ت ِْل َﻙ ْال َﺣ َ‬ ‫ﺃَ ْو َﻏ َل ْ‬
‫ﺏ ْاﻷ ُ ْﺧ َرﻯ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ ال ﱡﺷعُو ِ‬ ‫ارا ِ‬ ‫ﺿ َ‬‫ﺕ ﺇ ْن َﺳا ِن ﱠي ٍة ﺇِ َلﻰ َﺣ َ‬‫ﺿا َﻓا ٍ‬ ‫مِﻥ َﺣي ُ‬
‫ْﺙ ﻗِدَ ُم َها َو َما َﻗ ﱠد َم ْت ُﻪ ِمﻥْ ﺇِ َ‬
‫ﺕ َﺳاﺋ ِِر ال ﱡﺷعُوﺏِ‪،‬‬ ‫ارا ِ‬ ‫ﺿ َ‬ ‫)وادِﻱ الرﱠ اﻓِدَ يْﻥ( مﻥ َﺣ َ‬ ‫اق َ‬ ‫ارةُ ْالع َِر ِ‬ ‫ﺿ َ‬‫ﺕ َﺣ َ‬ ‫َو َت َمي َﱠز ْ‬
‫ير َها ِبﻘِدَ ِم َها؛ ﺇِﺫ ﺇِﻥﱠ ُﻋم َُر َها َي َت َج َاو ُز‬‫ﱢيﻥ‪َ ،‬وﻏِ ِ‬ ‫ار ِة َوادِﻱ ال ﱢني ِْﻝ‪َ ،‬و ْال ِه ْندِ‪َ ،‬والﺻ ِ‬ ‫ﺿ َ‬ ‫َﻛ َﺣ َ‬
‫ار ِة َوادِﻱ‬ ‫ﺿ َ‬ ‫ور ﱠيةِ‪َ .‬و َﺷ َوا ِه ُد َﺣ َ‬ ‫ﱠزﺕ ِب ِد ﱠﻗ ِة َﻗ َوا ِن ْي ِن َها ال ﱡدﺳْ ُت ِ‬ ‫)‪َ (۷000‬ﺳ َنةٍ‪َ ،‬و َﻗ ْد َتمي ْ‬
‫ﺕ ل ِْل َعا َل ِم ﺃَوﱠ َﻝ‬ ‫ُور ِابﻲ َﻗ ﱠد َم ْ‬ ‫ْﻥ َﻛ ِثي َْرةٌ؛ ﺇِ ْﺫ َي ْﻛﻔِي َها َﻓ ْﺧرً ا ﺃَ ﱠن َها ﻓِﻲ َم َﺳلﱠ ِة ْال َملِﻙِ َﺣم َ‬ ‫الرﱠ اﻓِدَ ي ِ‬
‫اﻥ َوﺣُرﱢ يﱠا ِت ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺕ ت ِْل َﻙ ْال َم َﺳلﱠ ُة َﻗ َوا ِني َْﻥ ال ﱠدو َلةِ‪َ ،‬و ْاﻹ ْن َﺳ ِ‬ ‫وﻥ ْاﻹ ْن َﺳانِﻲﱢ ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ ْد َﺷ َم َل ْ‬ ‫ُوﺫ ٍﺝ ل ِْل َﻘا ُن ِ‬‫ﺃ ُ ْنم َ‬
‫ﺏ َﻓ َﻼﺳِ َﻔ ٍة َوﺃُدَ َبا َء ﻋِ َنا َي ًة َﺧاﺻ ًﱠة ﻓِﻲ ِﻛ َتا َبات ِِهم؛‬ ‫وﻻ َها َﻋدَ ٌد م َِﻥ ال ُﻛ ﱠتا ِ‬ ‫َج ِم ْي ِع َها‪َ .‬و ِمﻥْ ُه َنا‪ ،‬ﺃَ َ‬
‫ﺕ ِم ْن ُه ْم َمﻥْ َت َﺧلﱠﺻُوا‬ ‫ﺇِ ْﺫ َو َج ُدوا ﺃَﻥﱠ ْالع َِراﻗ ِِيي َْﻥ ْالﻘُدَ ا َمﻰ الﺳﱠا ِﻛ ِني َْﻥ َبي َْﻥ َنه َْرﻱ ِدجْ َل َة َو ْالﻔُ َرا ِ‬
‫ُوﻥ مُجْ َت َم َعات ِِهم‪،‬‬ ‫ُنﻅم َ‬ ‫اﻋةِ‪َ ،‬و َب َن ْوا ْال ُم ُد َﻥ‪َ ،‬و َبدَ ﺅوا ي ﱢ‬ ‫الز َر َ‬ ‫م َِﻥ ْال َﺣ َيا ِة ْال َبدَ ِو ﱠيةِ‪َ ،‬واهْ َتمﱡوا ِب ﱢ‬
‫ﺽ‬ ‫ور‪ُ ،‬ث ﱠم َت َتا َب َﻊ َﺳﻥﱡ َبعْ ِ‬ ‫ْط ِة ﻓِﻲ َﻋ ْه ِد ْال َملِﻙِ ﺃ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺕ ْالبَﺳِ ي َ‬ ‫يعا ِ‬ ‫ﺕ َبعْ ﺽُ ال ﱠت ْﺷ ِر َ‬ ‫َو َﻅ َه َر ْ‬
‫ِيﻥ )‪َ 2۸4‬ﻗا ُنو ًنا(‬ ‫ُوﻋ ٍة م َِﻥ ال َﻘ َوان ِ‬ ‫ﺕ ِبﺈﻋْ دَ ا ِد َمجْ م َ‬ ‫ْﻥ َﺣ ﱠتﻰ ُتوﱢ َج ْ‬ ‫ِيﻥ ﻓِﻲ ِب َﻼ ِد الرﱠ اﻓِدَ ي ِ‬ ‫ْال َﻘ َوان ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫ُور ِابﻲ ﻓِﻲ َﻋ ِام ‪َ ١۷00‬ﻗ ْب َﻝ ْال ِمي َْﻼدِ‪ْ ،‬التِﻲ ا ْن َت َﺷ َر ْ‬ ‫َﻋ َلﻰ َي ِد ْال َملِﻙِ ْال َب ِابلِﻲﱢ َﺣم َ‬
‫ﺷ ْو ِر ﱠي ُة‪.‬‬‫ﺕ َﻋ َلﻰ ِم ْن َوالِ َها اﻷَ ْﻗ َوا ُم ْاﻷ ُ ْﺧ َرﻯ ْال ِعب َْرا ِن ﱠي ُة َو ْاﻵ ُ‬ ‫ار ْ‬‫الﺧﺻِ ْيﺏِ‪َ ،‬و َﺳ َ‬ ‫ْال ِه َﻼ ِﻝ َ‬
‫الث َﻼ ِثيْﻥ مِﻥ ﺣ ُْﻛ ِم ِﻪ ﺃَﻥْ ي َُوﺣﱢ دَ‬ ‫اﻉ ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠﺳ َن ِة ﱠ‬ ‫ُور ِابﻲ اﺳْ َت َط َ‬ ‫ْﺇﺫ يُرْ َوﻯ‪ :‬ﺃَﻥﱠ ْال َمل َِﻙ َﺣم َ‬
‫اﻥ َي َتﺄَلﱠﻑُ مِﻥ ُد َوي َْﻼﺕٍ‪َ ،‬و ُم ُد ٍﻥ ُم َت َع ﱢددَ ةٍ‪ ،‬ﺳ ُْو َم ِر ّيةٍ‪َ ،‬وﺃَ َﻛ ِديﱠة‪،‬‬ ‫اق ْال َﻘ ِد ْي َم َبعْ دَ ﺃَﻥْ َﻛ َ‬ ‫ْالع َِر َ‬
‫)ال َم َﺳلﱠ َة(‪َ .‬و َﻗ ْد‬ ‫ارﻱ؛ ﻓﺄَﺻْ دَ َر َﺷ ِري َْع َت ُﻪ ال ﱠﺷ ِهي َْر َة ْ‬ ‫ﺷ ْور‪َ ،‬و َممْ َل َﻛة َم ِ‬ ‫َﻓﺿْ ًﻼ ﻋﻥ َممْ َل َﻛ ِة ﺁ ُ‬
‫اﻥ ْالمُجْ َت َم ُﻊ‬ ‫ِيﻥ الﱠتِﻲ َﻛ َ‬ ‫ﺕ َﺷا ِم َل ًة ل ِْل َﻘ َوان ِ‬‫ُوﻥ‪ ،‬بها َو ِب َﻘ َوا ِن ْي ِن َها الﱠتِﻲ َﻛا َن ْ‬ ‫ارﺳ َ‬ ‫ﺏ ال ﱠد ِ‬ ‫ﺃُﻋْ ِج َ‬
‫َيﺣْ َتا ُﺝ ﺇ َليْها لِ َت ْنﻅِ ِيم ﺃُم ُْو ِر َﺣ َيا ِتﻪِ‪.‬‬

‫‪٩٧‬‬
 ‫ْﻥ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫ﻓال َم َوا ﱡد‬ ‫ِيﻥ ُم َت َعلﱢ َﻘ ًة ِب َت ْنﻅِ ي ِْم َﺣ َيا ِة ْالم َُواطِ ِنيْﻥ ﻓِﻲ ِب َﻼ ِد الرﱠ اﻓِدَ ي ِ‬ ‫ﺕ ْال َم َﺳلﱠ ُة َﻗ َو ْان َ‬ ‫َت َن َاو َل ِ‬
‫ْﻥ ﺃَﻥﱠ ْال َم َوا ﱠد )‪َ (4١- 2٦‬ت َت َعلّ ُق‬ ‫ﺿا ِء َوال ﱡﺷهُودِ‪ ،‬ﻓِﻲ ِﺣي ِ‬ ‫)‪َ (٥ - ١‬م َث ًﻼ َت َت َعلﱠ ُق ِب ْال َﻘ َ‬
‫ارﻋِ ي َْﻥ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺿْ ًﻼ َﻋ ِﻥ‬ ‫ﺕ ُﺣﻘُ ْو َق ْالم َُز ِ‬ ‫اﻙ َم َوا ﱡد َﻋ ِديْدَ ةٌ ﺃ ُ ْﺧ َرﻯ َت َن َاو َل ْ‬ ‫ْﺵ‪َ ،‬و ُه َن َ‬ ‫ِب َت ْنﻅِ ي ِْم ْال َجي ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫اﻥ‪ .‬ﺃَمﱠا ْال ِﻘﺳْ ُم ْاﻵ َﺧ ُر‬ ‫ار‪َ ،‬وال ﱡدي ُْو ِﻥ َو ْاﻷ ْث َم ِ‬ ‫ﺏ ْال َﻔاﺋِدَ ةِ‪َ ،‬وال ﱠت َعام ُِﻝ َم َﻊ ال ﱡت َج ِ‬ ‫ُوﺽ َون َِﺳ ِ‬ ‫ْالﻘُر ِ‬
‫اﺝ‪،‬‬ ‫الز َو ِ‬ ‫ﺷﺅُ ْو ِﻥ ْاﻷُﺳْ َر ِة َﻛ ﱠ‬ ‫م َِﻥ ْال َﻘ َوا ِنيْﻥ َبي َْﻥ )‪َ ،(١۹4- ١2۷‬ﻓ َت ْﺷ ِم ُﻝ ُﻛ ﱠﻝ َما َي َت َعلﱠ ُق ِب ُ‬
‫يق ْال َعدَ ا َل ِة َﻋ َلﻰ ْال َج َراﺋ ِِم‬ ‫اﻝ‪َ .‬وﺃمﱠا َما َي َت َعلﱠ ُق ِب َت ْط ِب ِ‬ ‫الط َﻼ ِق‪َ ،‬و ْاﻹِرْ ﺙِ‪َ ،‬وال ﱠت َب ﱢنﻲ‪َ ،‬و ْاﻷَط َﻔ ِ‬ ‫َو ﱠ‬
‫اﺹ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َت َت َن َاولُ َها ْال َم َوا ﱡد َبي َْﻥ)‪َ ،(2١4 - ١۹٥‬ﻓﺿْ ًﻼ‬ ‫ِﺻ ِ‬‫ﺙ َو ْال ُعﻘُو َباﺕِ‪َ ،‬و ْالﻘ َ‬ ‫التِﻲ َتﺣْ ُد ُ‬
‫ﺏ اﺣْ ت َِرا ُم َها‪.‬‬ ‫َﻋ ِﻥ ْاﻷﻋْ َراﻑِ َوال ﱠت َﻘالِ ْي ِد ْال َوا ِج ِ‬
‫ار ِة ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫ﺿ َ‬ ‫ﺕ َت َت َﺷ ﱠﻛ ُﻝ َم َﻼ ِم ُﺢ ْال َﺣ َ‬ ‫ﺻاﺣِﺏُ ْال َم َﺳلﱠ ِة َبدَ ﺃَ ْ‬ ‫ﺿ َع ُﻪ َ‬ ‫ور الﱠﺫﻱ َو َ‬ ‫َو ِب َه َﺫا ال ﱡدﺳْ ُت ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﺃَ ْل َواﻥُ َه َﺫا ال َت َﺷ ﱡﻛ ِﻝ ِب َت َطوﱡ ِر‬ ‫َب َل ِد َنا‪َ ،‬و َتع ﱠددَ ْ‬
‫ﻓِﻲ ﺃﺛﻨَﺎ ِء ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ﱢ‬
‫ﺺ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫اﻝ؛ ْﺇﺫ ﺃَ َﻓادَ ُﻛ ﱡﻝ‬ ‫ْﻥ ﻋِ ب َْر اﻷَجْ َي ِ‬ ‫َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ال َﻘ َوا ِني ِ‬
‫ﱠاب ِق ﻓﺈ ﱠن َﻙ َﺳ َت ِج ُد‬ ‫ﻅر ْالﻰ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ ْالﺳ ِ‬ ‫ا ْن ُ‬ ‫ﺻ ِة ‪-‬‬ ‫ِجي ٍْﻝ ‪َ -‬م َﻊ اﻻﺣْ ِت َﻔاﻅِ ِب َﻛ ْي ُنو َن ِت ِﻪ ْال َﺧا ﱠ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ار ِة ِﻓ ْي ِﻪ َﻋدَ ًدا َﻛ ِبيْرً ا م َِﻥ ْاﻷَﻋْ دَ ا ِد الﱢتﻲ ُﻛ ِت َب ْ‬ ‫ﺿ َ‬ ‫م َِﻥ ْاﻵ َﺧ ِر‪ْ ،‬اﻷَمْ ُر الّﺫِﻱ ﺃﻋْ َطﻰ ل ِْل َﺣ َ‬
‫ﺏ ِﻛ َتا َب ًة‪.‬‬ ‫ْالع َِرا ِﻗ ﱠي ِة َنﺳِ ي َْج َها ْال َﺧاﺹﱠ ‪َ ،‬و َر ْو َن َﻘ َها َر ْﻗمًا‪َ ،‬والﱠتِﻲ ُي ْمﻛِﻥُ ﺃَﻥْ ُت ْﻛ َت َ‬
‫ِﻙ َﻛ َما‬ ‫ﻙ َو ُز َم َﻼﺋ َ‬ ‫ا ُ ْﻛ ُت ْب َها ِب َم ِع ﱠي ِة مُدَ رﱢ ﺳِ َ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ْال ُم َمي َﱠز الّﺫِﻱ اﺳْ َت َم ﱠدﻩُ ِمﻥْ مُعْ َط َيا ِ‬
‫ﺱ ْال َعدَ دِ‪ُ ،‬م َب ﱢي ًنا َتمْ ِيي َْز ُﻛ ﱟﻝ‬ ‫ﺕ ﻓِﻲ دَ رْ ِ‬ ‫َت َعلﱠ ْم َ‬ ‫ُور ِابﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ ْال َم َﺳلﱠ ِة ﺣم َ‬ ‫ﺻا ِﺣ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِمن َها‪.‬‬‫ْ‬

‫َﻣﺎﺑَ ْﻌ َﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﱠ ﱢ‬
‫ﺺ‬

‫ْال َم َﺳلﱠة‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ اللﱡ َﻐةِ‪ْ :‬اﻹب َْرةُ الﺿ ْﱠﺧ َم ُة ‪َ ،‬و ُت ْط َل ُق َﻋ َلﻰ َﺣ َج ٍر مُﺳْ َتطِ ٍ‬
‫يﻝ ُت ْﻛ َتﺏُ َﻋ َل ْي ِﻪ ِﻛ َتا َب ٌة‬
‫ﺻ َن َع ُﻪ َﺣم ُْو َراِبﻲ ﻋِ ْندَ ِﻛ َتا َب ِة َﻗ َوا ِني ِ‬
‫ْﻥ دَ ْو َل ِت ِﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃَ َث ِري ٌﱠة‪َ ،‬وه َُو َما َ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺃَ ْو َﻏ َل ْ‬
‫ﺕ ‪َ :‬ت َع ﱠم َﻘ ْ‬
‫ْﻥ‪:‬‬‫ْﻥ ْاﻵ ِت َي َتي ِ‬
‫‪ -‬اﺳْ َتعْ ِم ْﻝ مُعْ َج َم َﻙ ﻹي َْجا ِد َم َعانِﻲ ْال ُم ْﻔ َردَ َتي ِ‬
‫َرو َنﻘُ َها ‪ْ ،‬ال ِم ْن َواﻝ‬

‫‪٩٨‬‬
 ‫ﻧَﺸَﺎﻁٌ‬

‫اراﺕِ؟ َو َما ﺃَ َه ﱢم ﱠي ُة َه َﺫا ْالﻘِدَ ِم ﻓِﻲ ِب َنا ِء ْاﻹ ْن َﺳ ِ‬

‫اﻥ؟‬ ‫ﺿ َ‬‫َما ﺃَ ْﻗدَ ُم ْال َﺣ َ‬

‫ﺏ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧَﺸَﺎﻁُ ﺍ ْﻟﻔَ ْﻬ ِﻢ َﻭﺍﻻ ْ‬

‫ﺳﺘِ ْﻴ َﻌﺎ ِ‬

‫ِﻙ َو َﻗ َوانِي ِن َها ؟ َو َه ْﻝ َل َ‬

‫ﻙ‬ ‫ارت َ‬
‫ﺿ َ‬ ‫ْﻑ َل َﻙ ﺃَﻥْ َت ْﻔ َتﺧ َِر َ‬
‫بﺣ َ‬ ‫َما الﱠﺫِﻱ ﺃَ َﻓ ْد َت ُﻪ م َِﻥ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ ؟ َو َﻛي َ‬
‫ﺏ ﺃَمْ ِث َل ًة ﻗُ َ‬
‫مْﺕ ِب َها َت ُد ﱡﻝ َﻋ َلﻰ اﺣت َِر ِام ْال َﻘا ُن ِ‬
‫وﻥ ؟‬ ‫ﺃَﻥْ َتﺿْ ِر َ‬

‫اﻟﺪ ْر ُس اﻟ َّﺜﺎﻧِﻲ‪ :‬اﻟ َﻘ َﻮ ِ‬

‫اﻋ ُﺪ‬ ‫َّ‬

‫اﻟ َﺒ َﺪ ُل‬
‫ﺕ ْال ُج ْم َل ُة ْاﻵ ِت َي ُة‪:‬‬
‫ﱠابق َو َردَ ِ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ الﺳ ِ‬
‫وﻥ‬ ‫ﺕ ل ِْل َعا َلم ﺃَوﱠ َﻝ ﺃ ُ ْنم َ‬
‫ُوﺫ ٍﺝ ل ِْل َﻘا ُن ِ‬ ‫ُور ِابﻲ َﻗ ﱠد َم ْ‬ ‫) َي ْﻛﻔِي َها َﻓ ْﺧرً ا ﺃَ ﱠن َها ﻓِﻲ َم َﺳلﱠ ِة ْال َملِﻙِ َﺣم َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ْاﻹ ْن َﺳانِﻲﱢ (‬
‫)ال َملِﻙ(‪َ ،‬ل ْم‬ ‫)ﺣم ُْو َر ِابﻲ(‪َ ،‬ﻓ َل ْو َﺣ َﺫ ْﻓ َنا ْ‬ ‫َو ِﻓ ْي َها َت ِج ُد ﺃﻥﱠ ْال َم ْﻘﺻ ُْودَ م َِﻥ ْال َﻛ َﻼ ِم ه َُو َ‬
‫ِﻲ َم ْﻔه ُْو َمة َو َل ْم َي ْﺧ َت ﱠﻝ َمعْ َنا َها‪َ ،‬و َه َﺫا َما ي َُﺳمﱠﻰ‬ ‫ﺕ ْال ُج ْم َل ُة‪َ ،‬ﻛ َما ه َ‬ ‫َي َتﺄ َ ﱠث ِر ْال َﻛ َﻼ ُم‪َ ،‬و َب ِﻘ َي ِ‬
‫ﻓِﻲ اللﱡ َﻐ ِة ْال َع َر ِب ﱠي ِة ِب ْ‬
‫ـ)ال َبدَ ِﻝ(‪.‬‬
‫َﻓ ْال َبدَ ﻝُ‪َ :‬ت ِاب ٌﻊ َم ْﻘﺻ ُْو ٌد ِب ْال ُﺣ ْﻛ ِم ِب َﻼ َواﺳِ َط ٍة َب ْي َن ُﻪ َو َبي َْﻥ َم ْتب ُْوﻋِ ﻪِ‪َ ،‬و َي ْت َب ُﻊ َم ْتب ُْو َﻋ ُﻪ‬
‫)ال ُمبْدَ َﻝ ِم ْنﻪُ( ﻓِﻲ ْاﻹﻋْ َراﺏِ‪.‬‬ ‫ْ‬
‫)ال َبدَ ﻝُ(‪َ ،‬وه َُو َمجْ ر ُْورٌ؛ ِﻷَﻥﱠ َم ْتب ُْو َﻋ ُﻪ ﺃَ ِو ْال ُمبْدَ َﻝ‬ ‫ـ)ﺣم ُْو َر ِابﻲ( ه َُو ال ﱠت ِاب ُﻊ ﺃَ ِو ْ‬ ‫َﻓ َ‬
‫)ال َملِﻙُ(‪.‬‬ ‫اﻹﺿا َﻓ ِة َوه َُو ْ‬‫َ‬ ‫ِم ْن ُﻪ َمجْ ر ُْو ٌر ِب‬
‫اﻥ‪ُ ،‬ه َما‪:‬‬ ‫َو ْال َبدَ ُﻝ َن ْو َﻋ ِ‬
‫ُط ِاب ُق ﺃَ ْو » َبدَ ُﻝ ُﻛ ﱟﻝ ِمﻥْ ُﻛﻝﱟ« َوه َُو ﺃَﻥْ َت ُﻛ ْو َﻥ ْال َﻛلِ َم ُة ْال ُمبْدَ َل ُة‬ ‫‪١‬ـ ْال َبدَ ُﻝ الم َ‬
‫ﱠاب ِق‪َ ،‬و َﻛ َما ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫اﻝ الﺳ ِ‬ ‫ُم َﺷ ِاب َه ًة ل ِْل َﻛلِ َم ِة ْال ُمبْدَ ِﻝ ِم ْن َها ﻓِﻲ ُﻛ ﱢﻝ َﺷﻲ ٍء‪َ ،‬ﻛ َما ﻓِﻲ ْال ِم َث ِ‬

‫‪٩٩‬‬
‫ِﻲ ْال َبدَ ﻝُ؛ ِﻷَ ﱠن َها ْال َم ْﻘﺻ ُْودَ ةُ ِب ْال َﻛ َﻼ ِم‬ ‫ار َت َنا َمرْ َي َم(‪ ،‬ﻓـَ) َمرْ َي َم(‪ ،‬ه َ‬ ‫َﻗ ْولِ َنا‪):‬ﺃﺣْ َت ِر ُم َج َ‬
‫ارت َنا( َمعْ ًنﻰ َوﺇِﻋْ َرابًا‪.‬‬ ‫ُط ِاب َﻘ ٌة ل َ‬
‫ِـ)ج َ‬ ‫ِﻲ م َ‬ ‫َوه َ‬
‫ﺽ ِمﻥْ ُﻛﻝﱟ«‪َ ،‬وه َُو ﺃَﻥْ َتﺣْ ِم َﻝ ْال َﻛلِ َم ُة ْال ُمبْدَ َل ُة‬ ‫ُط ِاب ِق » َبدَ ُﻝ َبعْ ٍ‬ ‫‪ 2‬ـ ْال َبدَ ُﻝ َﻏ ْي ُر ْالم َ‬
‫ار ِد ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻝ ْال َو ِ‬ ‫ﺕ ْال َﻛلِم ِة ْال ُمبْدَ ِﻝ ِم ْن َها‪َ ،‬ﻛ َما ﻓِﻲ ْال ِم َث ِ‬ ‫ج ُْزءًا ِمﻥْ ﺻِ َﻔا ِ‬
‫ﺏ َﻓ َﻼﺳِ َﻔ ٍة َوﺃُدَ َبا َء ﻋِ َنا َي ًة َﺧاﺻ ًﱠة ﻓِﻲ ِﻛ َتا َبات ِِهم(‪،‬‬ ‫وﻻ َها َﻋدَ ٌد م َِﻥ ال ُﻛ ﱠتا ِ‬ ‫) َو ِمﻥْ ُه َنا‪ ،‬ﺃَ َ‬
‫ﺽ ِمﻥْ ُﻛﻝﱟ؛ ِﻷَ ﱠن ُه ْم ج ُْز ٌء م َِﻥ‬ ‫َﻓـ) َﻓ َﻼﺳِ َﻔة( َبدَ ٌﻝ م َِﻥ )ال ُﻛ ﱠتاﺏِ(‪َ ،‬وه َُو َبدَ ُﻝ َبعْ ٍ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ار ُﻛ ْو ُه ْم ﻓِﻲ ُﺣ ْﻛ ِم‬ ‫)ال ُﻛ ﱠتاﺏِ( َﻻ ُﻛلﱢ ُه ْم‪َ ،‬وال ﱠدلِ ْي ُﻝ ﺃ ﱠن َنا َﻋ َط ْﻔ َنا َﻋ َليْهم )ﺃدَ َبا َء(؛ لِ ُي َﺷ ِ‬
‫ِﺪةٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻻ ْن ِت َما ِء ﺇ َلﻰ ْال ُﻛ ﱠتاﺏِ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺋ َ‬
‫اﻻﺳْ ُم ْالم َُعرﱠ ﻑُ ِبـ)اﻝ( َبعْ دَ‬
‫ﺕ َﻋ َلﻰ‬ ‫ِﻙ َجا َء ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ ‪َ ) :‬ﺳ َ‬
‫ار ْ‬ ‫َو َﻛ َﺫل َ‬
‫ً‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫(‪،‬‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ِم ْن َوالِ َها اﻷَ ْﻗ َوا ُم ْاﻷ ُ ْﺧ َرﻯ ْال ِعب َْرا ِن ﱠي ُة َو ْاﻵ ُ‬
‫ﺷ ْو ِر ﱠي ُ‬
‫ار ِة يُعْ َرﺏُ َبدَ ﻻ‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﺳْ ِم اﻹﺷ َ‬
‫َﻓـ) ْال ِعب َْرا ِن ﱠي ُة( َبدَ ٌﻝ م َِﻥ )اﻷَ ْﻗ َوا ُم(‪َ .‬و ِم ْن ُﻪ َﻗ ْولُ َنا‪:‬‬
‫اﺣ َة ِنﺻْ َﻔ َها(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ ال ﱡت َﻔ َ‬ ‫)ﺃَ َﻛ ْل ُ‬
‫ﺎن‬ ‫َﺗ ْﻘ ِﻮ ْﻳ ُﻢ اﻟّﻠ َ‬
‫ِﺴ ِ‬ ‫ﻼﺻ ُﺔ اﻟ َﻘ َﻮ ِ‬
‫اﻋ ِﺪ‬ ‫ُﺧ َ‬
‫اﺏ ﺃَ ْو َﻻدِها(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻙ ِث َي َ‬‫)ال َمرْ ﺃَةُ َتﺣ ُْو ُ‬
‫ﻗُﻝْ‪ْ :‬‬
‫اﺏ ﺃَ ْو َﻻدِها(‬
‫ﻙ ِث َي َ‬‫)ال َمرْ ﺃَةُ َت ِﺣ ْي ُ‬
‫ْ ْ َ َو َﻻ َتﻘُﻝْ‪ْ :‬‬
‫‪ْ -١‬ال َبدَ ُﻝ َت ِاب ٌﻊ َم ْﻘﺻ ُْو ٌد ِبال ُﺣﻛ ِم ِبﻼ‬
‫َواﺳِ َط ٍة َب ْي َن ُﻪ َو َبي َْﻥ َم ْتب ُْوﻋِ ِﻪ ْ‬
‫)ال ُمبْدَ ِﻝ‬
‫ِم ْنﻪُ(‪.‬‬
‫اﻥ‪:‬‬‫‪ْ -2‬ال َبدَ ُﻝ َن ْو َﻋ ِ‬
‫ُط ِاب ُق‪َ ،‬ويُﺳ َمﻰ ﺃَ ْيﺿًا َبدَ َﻝ ُﻛ ﱟﻝ ِمﻥْ ُﻛﻝﱟ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃ ‪ْ -‬ال َبدَ ُﻝ ْالم َ‬
‫ﺽ ِمﻥْ ُﻛﻝﱟ‪.‬‬ ‫ُط ِاب ِق وي َُﺳمﱠﻰ َبدَ َﻝ َبعْ ٍ‬ ‫ﺏ ‪ْ -‬ال َبدَ ُﻝ َﻏ ْير ُْالم َ‬
‫‪َ -۳‬ي ْت َب ُﻊ ْال َبدَ ُﻝ ْال ُمبْدَ َﻝ ِم ْن ُﻪ ﻓِﻲ ْاﻹﻋْ َراﺏِ‪.‬‬
‫ار ِة يُعْ َرﺏُ َبدَ ًﻻ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬اﻻﺳْ ُم ْالم َُعرﱠ ﻑُ ِبـ)اﻝ( َبعْ دَ اﺳْ ِم ْاﻹ َﺷ َ‬

‫‪١٠٠‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻣﻀﺎﻑ‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﱠ ْﻤ ِﺮ ْﻳﻨَﺎﺕُ‬

‫‪۱‬‬
‫اﺳْ َت ْﺧ ِر ِﺝ ْال َبدَ َﻝ َو ْال ُمبْدَ َﻝ ِم ْن ُﻪ ِﻓ ْي َما َيلِﻲ‪ُ ،‬ث ﱠم ا ُ ْﺫ ُﻛرْ َن ْو َﻉ ْال َبدَ ﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ِيﻼ* نﺻْ َﻔ ُﻪ ﺃَ ِو انﻘُﺹْ ِم ْن ُﻪ َﻗل ً‬
‫ِيﻼ«‬ ‫‪َ -١‬ﻗا َﻝ َت َعالﻰ‪َ » :‬يا ﺃَ ﱡي َها ْالم ﱠُز ﱢم ُﻝ * ﻗُم اللﱠ ْي َﻝ ﺇِ ﱠﻻ َﻗل ً‬
‫ِ‬
‫)الم ﱠُز ﱠمﻝُ‪.(۳-١ :‬‬ ‫ْ‬
‫وﻥ« ) ال ﱡﺷ َع َراءُ‪(١0٦ :‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﻗاﻝ تعالﻰ‪» :‬ﺇِ ْﺫ َﻗا َﻝ َل ُه ْم ﺃَ ُﺧو ُه ْم ُنو ٌﺡ ﺃَ َﻻ َت ﱠتﻘُ َ‬
‫)اﻷﻋْ َراﻑُ ‪:‬‬ ‫ُوﻥ« ْ‬ ‫ُوﺳ ٰﻰ َو َهار َ‬‫ِيﻥ* َرﺏﱢ م َ‬ ‫‪ -۳‬ﻗاﻝ تعالﻰ‪َ » :‬ﻗالُوا ﺁ َم ﱠنا ِب َرﺏﱢ ْال َعا َلم َ‬
‫‪.(١22-١2١‬‬
‫ْﺕ َﻋ َلي ِْه ْم َﻏي ِْر‬ ‫ِيﻥ ﺃَ ْن َعم َ‬
‫اط الﱠﺫ َ‬‫اط ْالمُﺳْ َتﻘِي َم * ﺻِ َر َ‬ ‫‪ -4‬ﻗاﻝ تعالﻰ‪» :‬اهْ ِد َنا الﺻ َﱢر َ‬
‫يﻥ« )ال َﻔات َِﺣ ُة‪.(۷-٦ :‬‬ ‫ﺏ َﻋ َلي ِْه ْم َو َﻻ الﺿﱠالﱢ َ‬ ‫ْال َم ْﻐﺿُو ِ‬
‫ْﻥ‪ْ :‬ال َمرْ ﺃَ ِة ْاﻷَرْ َم َلةِ‪َ ،‬والﺻ ِﱠبﻲﱢ ْال َي ِتي ِْم«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿ ِع ْي َﻔي ِ‬ ‫ﷲ ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠ‬ ‫ﷲ ‪» :‬ا ﱠتﻘُ ْوا َ‬ ‫‪َ -٥‬ﻗا َﻝ َرﺳ ُْو ُﻝ ِ‬
‫ﺷ َع َرا ِء ْال َعﺻْ ِر ْال َﺣ ِد ْيﺙِ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٦‬ال ﱠﺷاﻋِ ُر ْال َج َواه ِِرﻱﱡ ِمﻥْ ﺃَﻋْ َﻅ ِم ُ‬
‫ار َﻋ ٌة‪.‬‬ ‫ِﺳ ٌة ﻋِ َرا ِﻗي ٌﱠة َب ِ‬‫ار ﱠي ُة ُز َها َﺣ ِديْد ُم َه ْند َ‬ ‫‪ْ -۷‬ال ِمعْ َم ِ‬
‫ْطاﻝٌ‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ -۸‬هﺅُ َﻻ ِء ْال ُج ُن ْو ُد ﺃَب َ‬
‫‪ -۹‬ﺃَﻋْ َج َبنِﻲ ْال ِﻛ َتاﺏُ َﻓﺻْ لُ ُﻪ ْاﻷَوﱠ ﻝُ‪.‬‬
‫‪۲‬‬
‫َﺣ ﱢد ِد ْال َبدَ َﻝ ُم َب ﱢي ًنا َن ْو َﻋﻪُ‪َ ،‬وﺇِﻋْ َرا َب ُﻪ ﻓِﻲ ْاﻷ ْم ِث َل ِة ْاﻵ ِت َيةِ‪:‬‬
‫‪ْ -١‬ال َمرْ ُء ِبﺄﺻْ َﻐ ِر ْيﻪِ‪َ :‬ﻗ ْل ِب ِﻪ َول َِﺳا ِنﻪِ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ِب َمالِﻲ ُر ْب ِعﻪِ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻ ﱠد ْﻗ ُ‬‫‪َ -2‬ت َ‬
‫اﻥ‪.‬‬‫اﻥ َماه َِر ِ‬ ‫الﻼﻋِ َب ِ‬ ‫اﻥ ﱠ‬ ‫‪َ -۳‬ه َﺫ ِ‬
‫ﺿﻰ اللﱠ ْي ُﻝ ِنﺻْ ﻔُ ُﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ -4‬م َ‬
‫ﺏ ْال َﻘا ُن ْو َﻥ ﻓِﻲ ﱢ‬
‫الطﺏﱢ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ْ -٥‬ال َعالِ ُم ابْﻥُ ﺳِ ْي َنا َﻛ َت َ‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﺃﻋْ َج َبنِﻲ ْال َورْ ُد ﻋِ ْط ُرﻩُ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٠٢‬‬
 ‫‪۳‬‬
‫اﻥ ﻓِﻲ ُت َرا ِث َنا ْاﻹﺳْ َﻼمِﻲﱢ ‪ُ ،‬ث ﱠم ﺃَهْ دَ انِﻲ ِﻛ َتابًا َج ِمي ًْﻼ‪،‬‬ ‫َﺣ ﱠد َثنِﻲ ﺃَﺧِﻲ م َُﺣ ﱠم ٌد ﻋِ ﻥْ ُﺣﻘُ ْو ِق ْاﻹ ْن َﺳ ِ‬
‫اﻥ ﺃَ ْﻛ َث ُر َما َﺷ ﱠدنِﻲ‬ ‫اﺏ ﻓه َْر َﺳﻪُ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َلمﱠا َﻗ َر ْﺃ ُت ُﻪ َﻛ َ‬ ‫ﺕ ْال ِﻛ َت َ‬ ‫ﺻ ﱠﻔﺣْ ُ‬ ‫ﺃَﻋْ َج َبنِﻲ ال ﱠتﺻْ ِم ْي ُم َل ْو ُنﻪُ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َت َ‬
‫ِمﻥْ مُﺣْ َت َواﻩُ ﺃَﻥﱠ ِد ْي َن َنا َﻗ ْد ﺃَﻋْ َطﻰ لِ ُﻛ ﱢﻝ ْال َﻛا ِﺋ َنا ِ ً‬
‫اﻥ َﺣ ﱡﻘﻪُ‪،‬‬‫اﻥ َﺣ ﱡﻘﻪُ‪َ ،‬ول ِْل َﺣ َي َو ِ‬ ‫ﺕ َﺣ ّﻘا‪َ ،‬ﻓل ِْﻺ ْن َﺳ ِ‬
‫ﺕ َﺣ ﱡﻘﻪُ‪.‬‬
‫َولِل ﱠن َبا ِ‬
‫‪ -١‬اﺳْ َت ْﺧ ِر ِﺝ ْال َبدَ َﻝ‪َ ،‬و ْال ُمبْدَ َﻝ ِم ْن ُﻪ ُم َب ﱢي ًنا َن ْو َﻋﻪُ‪.‬‬
‫ِﺏ ِباللﱠ ْو ِﻥ ْاﻷَﺣْ َم ِر‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﺃَﻋْ ِرﺏْ َما ُﻛت َ‬

‫‪٤‬‬
‫َم ﱢث ْﻝ لِ َما َيلِﻲ ِب ُج َم ٍﻝ َمﺿْ ب ُْو َط ٍة ِبال ﱠﺷ ْﻛ ِﻝ‪:‬‬
‫‪َ -١‬بدَ ُﻝ ُﻛ ﱟﻝ ِمﻥْ ُﻛ ﱟﻝ َمرْ ﻓُ ْو ٌﻉ َو َﻋ َﻼ َم ُة َر ْﻓ ِع ِﻪ ْال َواوُ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺽ ِمﻥْ ُﻛ ﱟﻝ ُم َث ﱠنﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ -2‬بدَ ُﻝ َبعْ ٍ‬
‫ﺙ َم ْنﺻ ُْوﺏٌ ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻋ ِة ْاﻹ َنا ِ‬ ‫ار ٍة ل َِج َم َ‬‫‪َ -۳‬بدَ ٌﻝ ِمﻥْ اﺳْ ِم ﺇِ َﺷ َ‬
‫‪َ -4‬بدَ ُﻝ ُﻛ ﱟﻝ ِمﻥْ ُﻛ ﱟﻝ ُم َث ﱠنﻰ م َُﺅ ﱠن ٌ‬
‫ﺙ‪.‬‬

‫‪٥‬‬

‫ﺏ ْ‬
‫اﻻﺧتِﻼﻑِ ﻓِﻲ ﺇِﻋْ َر ِاب ِه َما‪ ،‬ﺇِﻥْ وُ ِجدَ ‪:‬‬ ‫ْﻥ ال ﱠتالِ َي َتي ِ‬
‫ْﻥ‪َ ،‬و َبيﱢﻥْ َﺳ َب َ‬ ‫ﺃَﻋْ ِر ِ‬
‫ﺏ ْال ُج ْم َل َتي ِ‬

‫َﺫل َِﻙ ْال َﻔ ْو ُز َﻋﻅِ ْي ٌم‪.‬‬

‫َﺫل َِﻙ َﻓ ْ‬
‫ــو ٌز َﻋﻅِ ْي ٌم‪.‬‬

‫‪١٠٣‬‬
 ‫ﻷ َد ُب‬ ‫اﻟﺪ ْر ُس اﻟ َّﺜﺎﻟ ُ‬
‫ِﺚ‪ :‬ا َ‬ ‫َّ‬

‫ﺃﻭﻻ‪ -‬ﺍ ْﻟ َﺨﻄَﺎﺑَﺔُ‪:‬‬

‫اﻅ‪،‬‬ ‫ُوﻥ ﻓِﻲ ﺳ ُْو ِق ُﻋ َﻛ َ‬ ‫اﻥ ال ّناﺱُ َي َت َج ﱠمع َ‬ ‫ْال َﺧ َطا َب ُة َﻓﻥﱞ َﻗدِي ٌم‪َ ،‬ن َﺷﺄ َ َﻗ ْب َﻝ ْاﻹﺳْ َﻼ ِم‪ ،‬ﺇِ ْﺫ َﻛ َ‬
‫اﻥ َل َها َﺷﺄْﻥٌ‬ ‫ﱠاﻅ ﻓِﻲ ْﺇل َﻘا ِء َما ﻋِ ْندَ ُه ْم ِمﻥْ ﺷِ عْ ٍر َو َن ْث ٍر‪َ .‬و َﻗ ْد َﻛ َ‬ ‫ارﻯ ال ﱡﺷ َع َرا ُء ِو ْالوُ ﻋ ُ‬ ‫َو َي َت َب َ‬
‫َﻛ ِب ْي ٌر ﻓِﻲ ْال َعﺻْ ِر اﻹﺳْ َﻼمِﻲﱢ ‪َ ،‬و َما َبعْ دَ ﻩُ‪َ ،‬و َﻻﺳِ ﱠي َما ﻓِﻲ ﺃَ َواﺋ ِِﻝ ْال َعﺻْ ِر ْال َعبﱠاﺳِ ﻲﱢ ؛ ﺇِ ْﺫ‬
‫ﻑ ﺃَ َﺧ َﺫ َيدِﺏﱡ ﻓِﻲ ُﻋر ُْو ِﻗ َها‪،‬‬ ‫ﺕ ال ﱠد ْو َل ُة َتعْ َت ِم ُد َﻋ َل ْي َها ﻓِﻲ َت ْﻘ ِو َي ِة ﺃَرْ َﻛا ِن َها؛ ﱠﺇﻻ ﺃَﻥﱠ الﺿﱠعْ َ‬ ‫َب ِﻘ َي ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫الﻼ ِﺣ َﻘةِ؛ َﻓ َﻘ ﱠﻝ َﺷﺄ ُن َها‪َ ،‬وا ْن َﺣ َﺳ َر‬ ‫ُور ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ ﺃ َواﺧ ِِر ال ﱠد ْو َل ِة ْال َعبﱠاﺳ ﱠيةِ‪َ ،‬و َما َت َﻼ َها ﻓِﻲ ْال ُعﺻ ِ‬
‫َب ِر ْيﻘُ َها‪.‬‬
‫اﻉ ْال َع ْﻘلِﻲﱢ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫اﺱ ِب َﻘﺻْ ِد اﻹ ْﻗ َن ِ‬ ‫ﺙ ﺇ َلﻰ ال ﱠن ِ‬ ‫ِﻲ ﻓﻥﱡ ال ﱠت َﺣ ﱡد ِ‬ ‫ْﺳطِ َتعْ ِر ْي َﻔا ِت َها‪ ،‬ه َ‬ ‫ْال َﺧ َطا َب ُة ِبﺄَب َ‬
‫ً‬
‫ْﻥ‪ُ ،‬ه َما‪ْ :‬الع ِْل ُم‪،‬‬ ‫ْﺳي ِ‬
‫ْﻥ َر ِﺋي َ‬ ‫ﺿمﱠﻥُ َو َﻋﻅا‪َ ،‬وﺇرْ َﺷا ًدا‪َ ،‬و َترْ َت ِﻛ ُز َﻋ َلﻰ ﺃَم َْري ِ‬ ‫َو ْال َعاطِ ﻔِﻲﱢ ‪َ ،‬و َت َت َ‬
‫َو ْال َم ْو ِه َب ُة‪.‬‬
‫ﺷر ُْوطٍ ‪ِ ،‬م ْن َها‪:‬‬ ‫بال َﺧ َطا َبةِ‪َ ،‬و ُي ْﻔ َت َرﺽُ ﺃَﻥْ َت َت َوا َﻓ َر ِﻓ ْي ِﻪ ُج ْم َل ُة ُ‬ ‫َو ْال َﺧطِ يْﺏُ ه َُو الﱠﺫِﻱ َيﻘُ ْو ُم ْ‬
‫اﻥ َووُ ﺿ ُْو ُﺡ الﺻ ْﱠوﺕِ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﻗُوﱠ ةُ ْال َب َي ِ‬
‫ﺏ‪ْ -‬الﺣ ِْل ُم َو َﺳ َع ُة الﺻ ْﱠد ِر‪.‬‬
‫اﻻط َﻼ ِﻉ َﻋ َلﻰ‬ ‫الث َﻘا َﻓ ُة ال ﱠﺷا ِم َل ُة؛ َو َﺫل َِﻙ ِبال ﱠت َم ﱡﻛ ِﻥ م َِﻥ اللﱡ َﻐ ِة ْال َع َر ِب ﱠي ِة َو ُﻋلُو ِم َها‪َ ،‬و ﱢ‬ ‫جـ‪ -‬ﱠ‬
‫ﺙ ِﻓ ْيﻪِ‪.‬‬ ‫اط ِة ِب ْال َﻔﻥﱢ الﱠﺫِﻱ َي َت َﺣ ﱠد ُ‬‫ﺕ ْال ُم َت َع ﱢددَ ة‪َ .‬واﻹِ َﺣ َ‬ ‫ْال ُعلُوم َو ﱠ‬
‫الث َﻘا َﻓا ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫د‪ -‬ال ﱠﺷ ْﺧﺻِ ﱠية ال َﻘ ِو ﱠية ال ُم ﱠت ِز َنة َوالث َﻘة ِبال ﱠن ْﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻑ َم َتﻰ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺃَﻥْ ي َُراﻋِ َﻲ ُج ْم َل ًة م َِﻥ ْال َﻘ َواﻋِ دِ‪ِ ،‬م ْن َها‪ :‬ﺃَﻥْ َيعْ ِر َ‬ ‫َو َي ِجﺏُ َﻋ َلﻰ ْال َﺧطِ ْي ِ‬
‫ﺻ ِﺣي َْﺣ ٌة‪َ ،‬وﺃَ ﱠﻻ َي َت َعا َلﻰ‬ ‫ﺙ؟ َو َم َتﻰ َي َت َو ﱠﻗﻑُ ؟ َوﺃَﻥْ َيﺳْ َتعْ ِم َﻝ لُ َﻐ ًة َﺳ ْه َل ًة‪َ ،‬ل ِﻛ ﱠن َها َﻓﺻِ ي َْﺣ ٌة َ‬ ‫َي َت َﺣ ﱠد ُ‬
‫ﺻ ُﻝ‬ ‫اراﺕِ‪َ ،‬و َي ْﻛ َتﻔِﻲ ِب َما ه َُو َط ِب ْيعِﻲﱞ ِم ْن َها‪َ ،‬وال ﱠت َوا ُ‬ ‫اﺱ‪َ ،‬و ﱠﺃﻻ ُي ْﻔ ِر َط ﻓِﻲ ْاﻹ َﺷ َ‬ ‫َﻋ َلﻰ ال ّن ِ‬
‫ْﻥ َو َت ْو ِز ْي ُﻊ َن َﻅ ِر ِﻩ َﻋ َلﻰ ْال َج ِمي ِْﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ِب ْال َعي ِ‬
‫ِﻲ‪ْ :‬ال ُﺧ َطﺏُ ال ﱢﺳيَاﺳِ ﱠي ُة‪َ ،‬و ْال ُﺧ َطﺏُ ال ﱢدين ﱠي ُة‪َ ،‬و ْال ُﺧ َطﺏُ اﻻجْ ِتمَاﻋِ ﱠي ُة‪،‬‬ ‫َو ْال ُﺧ َطﺏُ ﺃَ ْن َوا ٌﻉ ه َ‬
‫اﺱ َو ْالمُجْ َت َم َعاﺕِ‪ ،.‬ﺳِ يَاﺳِ ًّيا َو ِد ْي ِن ًّيا‬ ‫َو ُﻛ ﱡﻝ َن ْو ٍﻉ ِم ْن َها ي َُﺅ ﱢدﻱ َوﻅِ ْي َﻔ ًة َﺧطِ ي َْر ًة ﻓِﻲ َﺣ َيا ِة ال ﱠن ِ‬
‫َواجْ ِتمَاﻋِ ًّيا‪.‬‬

‫‪١٠٤‬‬
‫الﺧ َطا َب ِة ْال َع َر ِب ﱠيةِ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﺇ َلﻰ َنه َ‬
‫ْﺿ ِة َ‬ ‫ﺕ ُج ْم َل ُة ﺃُم ُْو ٍر ﺃَ ﱠد ْ‬ ‫َوﻓِﻲ ْال َعﺻْ ِر ْال َﺣ ِد ْي ِ‬
‫ﺙ َت َوا َﻓ َر ْ‬
‫ﺻا ُﻋ ُد ْالﺣِﺱﱢ ال ﱢد ْينِﻲﱢ‬ ‫ار َواﺣْ ت َِﻼ ُﻝ ﺃَجْ َزا ٍء َﻛ ِثي َْر ٍة ِم ْن َها‪َ ،‬و َت َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ِم ْن َها‪ :‬ﻅه ُْو ُر اﻻﺳْ ِتعْ َم ِ‬
‫ﷲ ال ﱠندي ُم‪َ ،‬وم َُﺣ ﱠم ُد َﻋبْدَ ﻩ‪َ ،‬و َﺳعْ ُد‬ ‫َو ْال َو َطنِﻲﱢ ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َب َر َﻉ َﻋدَ ٌد م َِﻥ ْال ُﺧ َط َبا ِء‪ِ ،‬م ْن ُه ْم َﻋ ْب ُد ِ‬
‫ﺿا ال ﱠﺷ ِبي ِْبﻲﱡ ‪َ ،‬و َﻏ ْي ُر ُه ْم‪.‬‬ ‫َز ْﻏلُ ْوﻝ‪َ ،‬ومُﺻْ َط َﻔﻰ َﻛامِﻝ‪َ ،‬وم َُﺣمْ ُد ِر َ‬

‫ﺸﺒِ ْﻴﺒِﻲ‬
‫ﺿﺎ ﺍﻟ ﱠ‬
‫ُﻣ َﺤ ﱠﻤ ٌﺪ ِﺭ َ‬

‫ﺿا ال ﱠﺷ ِبي ِْبﻲﱡ َﺳ َن َة ‪١۸۸۹‬م ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫وُ لِدَ ال ﱠﺷ ْي ُﺦ م َُﺣ ﱠم ٌد ِر َ‬

‫َم ِد ْي َن ِة ال ﱠن َجﻑِ اﻷَ ْﺷ َرﻑِ ‪َ .‬ت َل ﱠﻘﻰ ُﻋلُ َو َم ُﻪ ْاﻷَدَ ِب ﱠي َة َوال ﱢد ْي ِن ﱠي َة ﻓِﻲ‬
‫الث َﻘاﻓِﻲ‪َ .‬ﻋ َلﻰ َي ِد ﺃَ َﺳات َِﺫة‬ ‫ﺕ ِب َجوﱢ َها ﱠ‬ ‫َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال َم ِد ْي َن ِة الﱠتِﻲ ﻋ ُِر َﻓ ْ‬
‫َ‬
‫ْﺦ م َُﺣ ﱠم ٍد َج َواد‬ ‫َﻛ ِثي ِْري َْﻥ‪َ ،‬ل ِﻛ ﱠن ُﻪ ي ِديْﻥُ ﻓِﻲ َتعْ لِ ْي ِم ِﻪ ﺇ َلﻰ ﺃ ِب ْي ِﻪ ال ﱠﺷي ِ‬
‫اق الﺻﱠعْ ِ‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫اﺵ َواﻗ َِﻊ ْالع َِر ِ‬ ‫ال ﱠﺷ ِبي ِْبﻲﱢ ‪َ .‬وﻓِﻲ َم ْط َل ِﻊ َﺷ َب ِاب ِﻪ َﻋ َ‬
‫ﺕ ْاﻻﺣْ ت َِﻼ ِﻝ‬ ‫اق َتﺣْ َ‬ ‫ﺕ ال ﱠد ْو َل ُة ْالع ُْث َما ِن ﱠي ُة ِﺁي َل ًة لِل ﱡﺳﻘُوطِ ‪ُ ،‬ث ﱠم وُ ﻗُ ْو ِﻉ ْالع َِر ِ‬‫ﺕ َﻛا َن ِ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ َو ْﻗ ٍ‬
‫ْطانِﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ال َب ِري َ‬
‫ﺏ‬‫ِﺱ ُنوﱠ ا ٍ‬‫ارﻑِ ‪َ ،‬وﻋُﺿْ وُ َمجْ ل ِ‬ ‫ِﻑ َﻋ ِديْدَ ًة ِم ْن َها َو ِز ْي ٌر ْلل َم َع ِ‬ ‫َﺷ َﻐ َﻝ ال ﱠﺷ ِبي ِْبﻲﱡ َو َﻅاﺋ َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ِﺱ اﻷﻋْ َي ِ‬
‫اﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫َوﻋُﺿْ وُ َمجْ ل ِ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ الﺻ َﱠﺣ ِﻔ ﱠي ِة الﱠتِﻲ َﻛا َن ْ‬ ‫ﺙ َو ْال َم َﻘ َاﻻ ِ‬ ‫َل ُﻪ ِدي َْواﻥُ ﺷِ عْ ٍر َﻛ ِبي ٍْر‪َ ،‬ﻓﺿْ ًﻼ َﻋ ِﻥ ْال ُبﺣ ُْو ِ‬
‫ﺕ َمعْ ر ُْو َﻓ ٌة‪ُ .‬ت ِو ﱢﻓ َﻲ َﺳ َن َة ‪١۹٦٥‬م‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﺣُﻑٌ َو َم َج ﱠﻼ ٌ‬ ‫ﺷ ُر َها َل ُﻪ ُ‬ ‫َت ْن ُ‬

‫َﺎﻥ َﺳ َﻨ ِﺔ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﺿﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴْﺦ ُﻣ َﺤ ﱠﻤ ٍﺪ ِﺭ َ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ ِﻣ ْﻦ ِﺧ َﻄﺎﺏ ﱠ‬ ‫َﻫ ِﺬ ِﻩ ُﻣ ْﻘ َﺘ َﻄ َﻔ ٌ‬

‫ﺲ ﺍﻷ ْﻋﻴ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸ ِﺒﻴ ِْﺒ ﱢﻲ ِﻓﻲ َﻣ ْﺠ ِﻠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪١٩٥٥‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﻔﻆ ﺇﻟﻰ )ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﻻﻳﻤﺎﻥ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺁراﺅُ ُه ْم‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ َل ُه ْم َ‬ ‫ﺁراﺅُ َنا‪َ ،‬ﻛ َما ُﺧل َِق َﻏ ْي ُر َنا َو ُﺧلِ َﻘ ْ‬ ‫ﺕ َل َنا َ‬ ‫َم َاﺫا َنﺻْ َن ُﻊ ُﺧلِ ْﻘ َنا َو ُﺧلِ َﻘ ْ‬
‫ﺕ َل ُه ْم َﻋ َﻘا ِﺋ ُد ُه ْم َﻓ َﻼ ُب ﱠد‬ ‫ﺕ َل َنا َﻋ َﻘا ِﺋ ُد َنا‪َ ،‬ﻛ َما ُﺧل َِق َﻏ ْي ُر َنا َو ُﺧلِ َﻘ ْ‬ ‫َم َاﺫا َنﺻْ َنﻊُ‪ُ ،‬ﺧلِ ْﻘ َنا َو ُﺧلِ َﻘ ْ‬
‫ﻑ اﻷَمْ رُ‪َ ،‬و َﻗ ْد َﻛلﱠ َﻔ َنا َﺫل َِﻙ َﻛ ِثيْرً ا‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁرا ِﺋ َنا َم ْه َما َﻛلﱠ َ‬‫َل َنا م َِﻥ ْالوُ ﻗُ ْوﻑِ َﻋ ْندَ َ‬

‫‪١٠٥‬‬
 ‫ار‪َ ،‬و َﻗ ْد َجا َء ﻓِﻲ ْال َﺣ ِد ْي ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﺙ‬ ‫َل َنا َﺣ ﱞق ﻓِﻲ ﺣُرﱢ ي ِة الرﱠ ﺃﻱ َو ْال َﻘ ْو ِﻝ ﺃ ْو ﺣُرﱢ ﱠي ِة ْالم َُوا َﻓ َﻘ ِة َواﻹ ْن َﻛ ِ‬
‫ْﺢ » َمﻥْ َرﺃَﻯ ِم ْن ُﻛ ْم ُم ْن َﻛرً ا َﻓ ْلي َُﻐيﱢرْ ﻩُ ِب َي ِدﻩِ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥْ ل ْم َيﺳْ َتطِ ﻊْ َﻓ ِبل َِﺳا ِنﻪِ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥْ َل ْم‬ ‫ﺻ ِﺣي ِ‬ ‫ال ﱠ‬
‫اﻥ«‪.‬‬ ‫َيﺳْ َتطِ ﻊْ َﻓ ِب َﻘ ْل ِبﻪِ؛ َو َﺫل َِﻙ ﺃَﺿْ َعﻑُ اﻹِ ْي َم ِ‬
‫ﺙ ال ﱠﺷ ِر ْيﻑِ َن ْﺧ َتا ُر ﺃَ ْو َﺳ َط‬ ‫َﻓ َنﺣْ ﻥُ ‪ُ -‬ه َنا‪َ -‬وﻓِﻲ َه َﺫا ْال َم ْوﻗِﻑِ ِمﻥْ َه َﺫا ْال َﺣ ِد ْي ِ‬
‫اﻥ‪َ ،‬ل ْم َن ُﻛﻥْ َﻗ ﱡط ُم َت َﺷا ِﺋ ِمي َْﻥ‪َ ،‬و َل ْم َن ْن ُ‬ ‫ار‪َ ،‬وه َُو اﻹ ْن َﻛا ُر ِباللﱢ َﺳ ِ‬
‫ﻅرْ‬ ‫ﺕ ﻓِﻲ اﻹ ْن َﻛ ِ‬ ‫ال ﱠد َر َجا ِ‬
‫ﺿا ِء(‪َ ،‬طا َل َما اﻋْ َت َر ْﻓ َنا‬ ‫ار اﻷَﺳْ ْودِ‪َ ،‬ﻛ َما َي َتو ﱠه ُم َبعْ ﺽُ )اﻷَﻋْ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺃ َب ًدا ﺇ َلﻰ ْال َﺣ َيا ِة ِب ْال ِم ْن َﻅ ِ‬
‫ل ِْلمُﺣْ ﺳِ ِﻥ بﺈﺣْ َﺳا ِنﻪِ‪َ ،‬وﺃَ ْن َﻛرْ َنا َﻋ َلﻰ ْالمُﺳِ ﻲ ِء َ‬
‫ﺇﺳا َء َتﻪُ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ْال ِعب َْرةُ ﻓِﻲ ْال َم َﻅاه ِِر ْالعُمْ َرا ِن ﱠيةِ‪َ ،‬و َﻏي ِْر َها م َِﻥ ْال َم َﻅاه ِِر ْال َما ِد ﱠيةِ؛ َو َلﻛِﻥﱠ‬ ‫ْﺳ ِ‬ ‫َلي َ‬
‫ﱠاﺕ َﻓ َﻼ‬ ‫ﺕ الﺣُرﱢ ي ُ‬ ‫ﺕ الرﱡ ْوﺡُ‪َ ،‬وﻓُﻘِدَ ِ‬ ‫ْال ِعب َْر َة ﻓِﻲ ْال َﻛ َرا َمةِ‪َ ،‬و ْال ِعب َْر َة ﻓِﻲ ْالﺣُرﱢ ﱠيةِ؛ َﻓﺈِ َﺫا ﻓُﻘِدَ ِ‬
‫َج ْد َوﻯ ِمﻥْ َو َرا ِء َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال َم َﻅاه ِِر ْالعُمْ َرا ِن ﱠيةِ‪.‬‬
‫ِﻥ اﺳْ ِتبْدَ ا ِد َﺷه َْو ِة ْال َﻛ َﻼ ِم ِب ْال ُم َت َﻛلﱢ ِم؛ َوﺇِ ﱠن َما َتﺳ ُْوﻗُ َنا ﺇ َل ْي ِﻪ َﻋ ِﻘيْدَ ُت َنا‪َ ،‬ﻋ ِﻘيْدَ ةٌ‬‫ْﺱ َه َﺫا م ِ‬ ‫َلي َ‬
‫ِﻑ ﻋِ ْندَ ت ِْل َﻙ ْال َع ِﻘيْدَ ةِ‪َ ،‬و َﺫل َِﻙ الرﱠ ْﺃﻱ‬ ‫اﻋْ َت َﻘ ْد َنا َها‪َ ،‬و َر ْﺃﻱﱞ ارْ َتﺄ َ ْي َناﻩُ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ َي َﺳ ُع َنا ﱠﺇﻻ ﺃَﻥْ َنﻘ َ‬
‫ِﻑ‬‫ﻑ اﻷَمْ رُ‪َ ،‬و َﻗ ْد َﻛلﱠ َﻔ َنا َﺫل َِﻙ َﻛ ِثيْرً ا ﺇ َلﻰ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ اللﱠﺣْ َﻅةِ‪َ ،‬وﺃَ ﱠدﻯ ِب َنا ﺇ َلﻰ ﺃَﻥْ َن ْﺧ َتل َ‬ ‫َم ْه َما َﻛلﱠ َ‬
‫ﺂرا ٍء‬
‫ﺕ ِب َ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺇ َلﻰ ْال ُﺣ ْﻛ ِم َجا َء ْ‬ ‫اﺳ ِت َها‪َ ،‬ﻓ ِع ْندَ َما َجا َء ْ‬‫َم َﻊ ْال َه ْي َﺋ ِة ْال َﺣا ِﻛ َم ِة ْال َﺣالِ ﱠي ِة ﻓِﻲ ﺳِ َي َ‬
‫اج ِة ْال َب َلدِ‪.‬‬
‫اﺳ ٍة َﻻ َن َرا َها – َنﺣْ ﻥُ ‪َ -‬ت ْن َط ِب ُق َﻋ َلﻰ َﺣ َ‬ ‫َوﺳِ َي َ‬
‫رﻉ ْالﺣُجﱠ َة ِب ْالﺣُجﱠ ِة ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫ﺿ ِت َها‪َ ،‬و َﻻ مﻔرﱠ َل َنا ﺃَ َب ًدا ِمﻥْ ﺃَﻥْ َن ْﻘ َ‬ ‫ار َ‬ ‫اﺹ َل َنا ﺃَ َب ًدا ِمﻥْ م َُع َ‬ ‫َﻓ َﻼ َم َن َ‬
‫اﻋةِ‪َ ،‬وﻓِﻲ َﻏي ِْر َها َﺣ ﱠتﻰ َي َﻅ َه َر ْال َﺣ ﱡق‪.‬‬ ‫َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال َﻘ َ‬

‫َﻣ َﻌﺎﻧِﻲ ﺍ ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻔﺮ َﺩﺍ ِ‬

‫ﺕ‬

‫ﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫اﺹ‪َ :‬ﻻ َمه َْر َ‬

‫َﻻ َم َن َ‬
‫اﻹﻛ َثا ُر ِب ِز َيادَ ةٍ‪.‬‬ ‫ْ‬
‫اﻹط َناﺏُ ‪ْ :‬‬

‫‪١٠٦‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﱠ ْﺤﻠِ ْﻴ ُﻞ‬

‫ُت َﺅ ﱢﻛ ُد َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال ُﺧ ْط َب ُة ُﻋلُوﱠ َﺷﺄْ ِﻥ ال ﱠﺷ ِبي ِْبﻲﱢ ﻓِﻲ َم َج ِ‬

‫اﻝ اللﱡ َﻐةِ‪َ ،‬و َﻓ َﺧا َم َة ﺃُﺳْ لُ ْو ِبﻪِ‪َ ،‬وﻗُ ْد َر َت ُﻪ‬
‫ﺏ ﻓِﻲ َﺫل َِﻙ‪َ ،‬ﻓه َْو َﺳلِ ْي ُﻝ َﻋا ِﺋ َل ٍة ﻋِ ْل ِم ﱠي ٍة َوﺃَدَ ِب ﱠيةٍ‪ ،‬ﺃَبُوﻩ َﺷاﻋِ رٌ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻉ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ َﻋ َج َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َﻋ َلﻰ اﻹ ْﻗ َن ِ‬
‫ﺏ َر ِﻓي ٍْﻊ‪َ ،‬وﺃَ ْل َﻔاﻅٍ‬ ‫ﺕ ُﺧ ْط َب ُتﻪ‪ِ ،‬بﺄُﺳْ لُ ْو ٍ‬ ‫ﺷ َع َراءُ‪َ ،‬وه َُو َﺧ ِب ْي ٌر ِباللﱡ َﻐةِ؛ ل َِﺫل َِﻙ َجا َء ْ‬ ‫َوﺇِ ْﺧ َو ُت ُﻪ ُ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ﺱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺙ ال ﱠن َب ِوﻱﱢ ال ﱠﺷ ِر ْيﻑِ ؛ لِ َي ُﻛ َو َﻥ ﺃَ ْﻛ َث َر َتﺄ ِثيْرً ا‪َ ،‬وﺃَ ْو َﻗ َﻊ ﻓِﻲ ال ﱠن ْﻔ ِ‬ ‫ارةٍ‪ ،‬مُﺳْ َت ِع ْي ًنا ِب ْال َﺣ ِد ْي ِ‬ ‫م ُْﺧ َت َ‬
‫َ‬
‫اﻉ‪.‬‬ ‫َوﺃجْ دَ ﻯ ﻓِﻲ اﻹ ْﻗ َن ِ‬
‫ِﺹ ﺃُﺳْ لُ ْو ِبﻪِ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ِه َﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺻاﺋ ِ‬ ‫ﺃمﱠا ﺃَ َه ﱡم َﺧ َ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ال ﱠت ْﻛ َرارُ‪َ ،‬وه َُو ﺃَمْ ٌر َم ْطلُوﺏٌ ﻓِﻲ ْاﻷَ َﺳالِ ْي ِ ْ َ‬
‫اﻉ‬‫ﺏ ال َﺧط ِاب ﱠيةِ؛ ِﻷﻥﱠ الوُ ﺻ ُْو َﻝ ﺇ َلﻰ اﻹ ْﻗ َن ِ‬
‫ﺻا َﻓ ِة َﻋ ْﻘ ٍﻝ‪.‬‬‫اﻥ‪َ ،‬و َﺣ َ‬ ‫اﻥ َو َط َﻼ َﻗ ِة ل َِﺳ ٍ‬‫ﺏ ﻗُوﱠ ِة َب َي ٍ‬ ‫َي ْﻘ َتﺿِ ﻲ ِم ﱠنا ِﺧب َْر ًة‪ ،‬ﺇِ َلﻰ َجا ِن ِ‬
‫اﻵرا ِء‪َ ،‬و َتﺳْ ِﻔ ْي ِﻪ ُم ْن َط َل َﻘا ِت َها‪َ ،‬وه َُو‬ ‫ِﻲ َوﺳِ ْي َل ُة ْال َﺧطِ ْي ِ‬
‫ﺏ لِ َت ْﻔ ِن ْي ِد َ‬ ‫ِﻋ ُة‪َ ،‬وه َ‬ ‫الﻼﺫ َ‬ ‫‪ -2‬الﺳ ْﱡﺧ ِر ﱠي ُة ﱠ‬
‫َما َﻓ َع َل ُﻪ ال ﱠﺷ ِبي ِْبﻲﱡ ﻓِﻲ ُﺧ ْط َب ِت ِﻪ ُﻛلﱢ َها‪.‬‬
‫ﺻا ِﺣ َب َها‬ ‫ﺕ َن ْﻔﺳِ ﻪِ‪َ ،‬ﻗ ْد ُت َعرﱢ ﺽُ َ‬ ‫اﺱ ﺇ َلﻰ ْال َﺧطِ ْيﺏِ‪َ ،‬وﻓِﻲ ْالو ْﻗ ِ‬ ‫ﺷ ﱡد ال ﱠن َ‬ ‫ِﻲ َت ُ‬ ‫اﺳ ُة‪َ ،‬وه َ‬ ‫‪ْ -۳‬ال َﺣ َم َ‬
‫ﺇ َلﻰ ْال َﺧ َط ِﺄ ﻓِﻲ اللﱡ َﻐ ِة َوال ﱠنﺣْ ِو َوال ﱠتعْ ِبي ِْر؛ َل ِﻛﻥْ َﻋ َلﻰ الرﱠ ْﻏ ِم ِمﻥْ َﺫل َِﻙ‪َ ،‬ل ْم يتعرﱠ ﺽْ‬
‫ﻷَ ْﺧ َطا ٍء لُ َﻐ ِو ﱠي ٍة ﺃَ ْو َنﺣْ ِو ﱠيةٍ‪ ،‬ﺃَو َتعْ ِبيْر ﱠيةٍ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃَ ْ‬
‫ﺳﺌِﻠَﺔُ ﺍ ْﻟ ُﻤﻨَﺎﻗَ َ‬
‫ﺸ ِﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪َ -١‬م َتﻰ َبدَ ﺃَ الﺿﱠعْ ﻑُ َيدِﺏﱡ ﻓِﻲ ُﻋر ُْو ِق ْال َﺧ َطا َبةِ؟‬
‫ﺏ ْال ِﻘ َيا ُم ِب ِﻪ ﻓِﻲ ﺃَ ْث َنا ِء ْال ُﺧ ْط َبةِ؟‬
‫‪َ -2‬ما ْال َم ْﻘﺻُو ُد ِب ْال َﺧ َطا َبةِ؟ َو َما الﱠﺫِﻱ َي ِجﺏُ َﻋ َلﻰ ْال َﺧطِ ْي ِ‬
‫ط ْال َﺧطِ ْي ِ‬
‫ﺏ ال ﱠنا ِج ِﺢ؟‬ ‫ﺷر ُْو ُ‬‫‪َ -۳‬ما ُ‬
‫ﺕ ْال َﺧ َطا َب ُة ﻓِﻲ ْال َعﺻْ ِر ْال َﺣ ِد ْيﺙِ‪.‬‬ ‫جد َت ْﻔﺳِ يْرً ا لِ َما َيﺄْتِﻲ‪َ :‬ن َﺷ َط ِ‬ ‫‪ْ -4‬‬
‫ار َزةٌ‪َ ،‬ﺣ ﱢد ْد َها‪.‬‬
‫اﺕ َب ِ‬‫ﺏ ال ﱠﺷ ِبي ِْبﻲﱢ ﺳِ َم ٌ‬ ‫‪ -٥‬ﻷُﺳْ لُ ْو ِ‬
‫‪َ -٦‬ما ﺃَب َْر ُز ْال ِﻘ َي ِم الﱠتِﻲ ﺃ ﱠﻛدَ َها ال ﱠﺷ ِبي ِْبﻲﱡ ﻓِﻲ ُﺧ ْط َب ِتﻪِ؟‬
‫ْﻑ َﻋب َﱠر ْال َﺧطِ يْﺏُ َﻋﻥْ ﺣُرﱢ ّي ِة ال ﱠتعْ ِبي ِْر‪َ ،‬و َﻋ ِﻥ ْال َﻛ َرا َم ِة َو ْالﺣُرﱢ ﱠيةِ؟‬ ‫ﺕ َﻛي َ‬ ‫‪َ -۷‬ه ْﻝ َﻻ َﺣ ْﻅ َ‬
‫اﺳْ َت ْﺫ ِﻛرْ َما َﻗا َلﻪُ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٠٧‬‬
 ‫ﺛَﺎﻧِﻴًﺎ‪ -‬ﺍﻟ َﻤﻘَﺎﻟَﺔُ‪:‬‬

‫ُوﻉ م َُعي ٍﱠﻥ‪ْ ،‬ﺃو َﺣو َﻝ ج ُْز ٍء‬ ‫وﻝ مُعْ َتد ٍِﻝ‪َ ،‬ت ُدو ُر َﺣ ْو َﻝ َموﺿ ٍ‬ ‫ط ٍ‬ ‫اﺕ ُ‬ ‫ِﻲ ﻗ ِْط َع ٌة ﺇِ ْن َﺷا ِﺋي ٌﱠة َﺫ ُ‬ ‫ه َ‬
‫اﻙ َمﻥْ‬ ‫ﺏ َوﺃَ ْﻓ َﻛا ُرﻩُ‪َ .‬و ُه َن َ‬ ‫ﻓي َها ﺃَ َﺣاﺳِ يْﺱُ ْال َﻛا ِت ِ‬ ‫ِم ْنﻪُ‪ُ ،‬ت ْﻛ َتﺏُ ِب َط ِر ْي َﻘ ٍة َﺳ ْه َل ٍة َو َﺳ ِري َْعةٍ‪َ ،‬ت ْﻅ َه ُر ِ‬
‫اﻋ ِة ْال َﻛا ِتﺏِ‪َ ،‬وﻗُ ْد َر ِت ِﻪ َﻋلﻰ ال ﱠتﺄ ِثي ِْر‬ ‫ﺿ ُﻊ ل َب َر َ‬ ‫ِﻲ َت ْﺧ َ‬ ‫يُﺿِ يﻑُ ل َها ُم َﻘ ﱢد َم ًة‪َ ،‬و َم ْت ًنا َو ِن َها َي ًة‪َ .‬وه َ‬
‫ﱠط ِﺣ ﱠيةِ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ِه َﻲ ِب َﺫل َِﻙ َم ِر َن ٌة‪،‬‬ ‫ُمْق لِه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْال ِﻛ َتا َب ِة َو ْالبُعْ ِد ِب َها م َِﻥ الﺳ ْ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ الﻘارﺉ‪َ ،‬وﺇِﻋْ َطا ِء ﻋ ٍ‬
‫ْﻑ َي َﺷاءُ‪.‬‬ ‫َيﺳْ َتطِ ْي ُﻊ َﻛا ِت ُب َها َت ْﺷ ِﻛ ْي َل َها َﻛي َ‬
‫مﺅث َرة ِﻓِﻲ َن ْﺷﺄ َ ِة ْال َم َﻘا َلةِ‪:‬‬ ‫َوم َِﻥ ْال َعوام ِِﻝ ْال ﱢ‬
‫ﺕ ِب َت َطوﱡ رهِا‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ ْال َم َﻘا َل ُة َم َﻊ َن ْﺷﺄ َ ِة ْالﺻ َﱠﺣا َﻓةِ‪َ ،‬و َت َطوﱠ َر ْ‬ ‫‪ -١‬الﺻ َﱠﺣا َﻓ ُة‪َ :‬ﻓ َﻘ ْد َن َﺷﺄ َ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ْال َم َﻘا َل َة‬ ‫ِﻲ الﱠتِﻲ َﺣ َم َل ِ‬ ‫البﻼ ِد ْال َع َر ِب ﱠيةِ‪َ :‬ﻓ ْال ﱡﺷعْ َل ُة ْال ِﻔ ْﻛ ِر ﱠي ُة ه َ‬ ‫از ِد َيا ُد ْال َوﻋِ ﻲ ﻓِﻲ ِ‬ ‫‪ْ -2‬‬
‫َوطوﱠ َر ْت َها َو َﻗ ﱠد َم ْت َها َو َنوﱠ َﻋ ْت َها ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼﻝ‪َ ،‬و ْالمُﻘ َت َطﻑِ ‪ ،‬و َم َجلﱠ ِة الرﱢ َﺳا َلةِ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ م ِْثﻝُ‪َ :‬م َجلﱠ ِة ْاﻷَ ِد ْيﺏِ‪َ ،‬و ْال ِه ِ‬ ‫‪َ -۳‬ﻛ ْث َرةُ ْال َم َج ﱠﻼ ِ‬
‫َو َﻏي ِْر َها‪.‬‬
‫ﺃَ ْنواﻉ ُ ْال َم َﻘا َلةِ‪:‬‬
‫اﻥ‪:‬‬‫ل ِْل َم َﻘا َل ِة ﺃَ ْن َوا ٌﻉ ُم َت َع ﱢددَ ةٌ‪َ ،‬و َما َيعْ ِن ْي َنا َن ْو َﻋ ِ‬
‫ِﻲ ال ﱠتﻲ َت ْدرُﺱُ َﺷ ْﺧﺻِ َي ًة‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْو َﻅاه َِر ًة ﺃَ ْو ا ﱢت َجاهًا‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْو ﺃَ َثرً ا َﻓ ِن ًّيا‬ ‫‪-١‬ال َم َﻘا َل ُة ْاﻷَدَ ِب ﱠي ُة‪ :‬ه َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻷَ ِد ْيﺏٍ‪.‬‬
‫ﺉ ْال ﱠن ْﻘدِ‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْو ُت َط ﱢبﻘُ ُﻪ‬ ‫ً‬
‫ِﻲ ال ﱠتﻲ ُت َﺣ ﱢد ُد ِﻗ ْي َم ًة‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْو َت ْﺷ َر ُﺡ َمبْدَ ﺃ م َِﻥ َم َبا ِد ِ‬ ‫‪-2‬ال َم َﻘا َل ُة ْال َنﻘ ِد ﱠي ُة‪ :‬ه َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫َﻋلﻰ ْال ﱠدواويْﻥ ْال ﱢﺷعْ ِر ﱠيةِ‪.‬‬
‫ِﻲ َﺷ ْﻛ ٌﻝ ِمﻥْ‬ ‫ِﻲ ْال َم َﻘا َل ُة اﻷَدَ ِب ﱠي ُة ‪َ .‬ﻓ ْال َم َﻘا َل ُة اﻷَدَ ِب ﱠي ُة ه َ‬‫نواﻉ ْال َم َﻘا َل ِة ُه َنا ه َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫َو َما َي ِه ُم َنا ِمﻥْ ﺃ ِ‬
‫ْراز ْال ِﻘ َي ِم َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻝ ْال َم َﻘا َلةِ‪َ ،‬وه َ‬ ‫ﺃَ ْﺷ َﻛ ِ‬
‫الج َمالِ ﱠيةِ‪،‬‬ ‫ِﻲ ُت َعالِ ُج َموﺿُوﻋًا ﺃدَ ِب ًّيا‪َ ،‬و َﻓ ِن ًّيا‪َ ،‬ﻓﺿْ ﻼً َﻋﻥْ ﺇِب ِ‬
‫اﻝ ِب َﺷ ْﻛ ٍﻝ‬ ‫ُطا َب َﻘ ِة ْال َوﺻْ ﻑِ ل ِْلواﻗ ِِﻊ؛ ﺇﺫ َيﻛوﻥُ ال ﱠت ِر ِﻛ ْي ُز ﻓِﻲ ْال َﺧ َي ِ‬ ‫َوال َﻔن ﱠي ِة ل ِْل َم ْوﺿُوﻉ ﺃَ ْو م َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺻاﺋﺻِ َها‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃَ ْﻛ َب َر‪َ ،‬و ِمﻥْ َﺧ َ‬
‫اﻝ‪َ ،‬وال ﱠت ْﺷ ِبيﻪِ‪َ ،‬وال ﱠتﺻْ وي ِْر اﻷَدَ ِبﻲﱢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ُراﻋاةُ ُﻋ ْنﺻ ُِر ْالﺧ َي ِ‬ ‫‪ -١‬م َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﻛوينِها ِب َﺷ ْﻛ ٍﻝ َواﺿِ ٍﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ار َو َت ِ‬ ‫‪ْ -2‬العُمْ ُق ِباﻷ ْﻓ َﻛ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ُ ُ ْ‬
‫‪ -۳‬مُﻼ َء َمة ل َﻐ ِة الﻛِتا َب ِة لِل َموﺿ ِ‬
‫ُوﻉ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٠٨‬‬
 ‫ﺳلﺳ ُِﻝ َوال ﱠتر ِت ْي ِ َ‬‫ُراﻋاةُ ال ﱠت ْ‬
‫ﺏ لِﻸ ْﻓ َﻛ ِ‬
‫ار‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -4‬م َ‬
‫ﺻﺣُﻑِ ‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْو ْال َم َج ﱠﻼﺕِ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ م َُع ﱠي َنةٍ؛ ِلي ُت ﱠم َن ْﺷ ُر َها ِب ْال ﱡ‬‫ﺻ َﻔ َﺣا ٍ‬‫‪ -٥‬ال ﱠت َﻘ ُي ُد ِب َعد ِد َﻛلِ َماﺕٍ‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْو َ‬
‫وﺿوﻉ الﱠ ِﺫﻱْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِﻲ َم ْد َﺧ ٌﻝ َتمْ ه ْيدِﻱﱞ ل ِْل َم‬ ‫َو َت َتﻛوﻥُ ْال َمﻘا َل ُة ْاﻷدَ ِب ﱠي ُة‪ِ :‬مﻥْ ُم َﻘ ﱢد َم ٍة َوه َ‬
‫ﺿﻪ ْال َﻛاتِﺏُ ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺿوﻉ الﱠ ِﺫﻱْ َﻋرْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُلﺧﺹُ ْال َم‬ ‫ِﻲ م ﱠ‬ ‫َﺳيُعْ َرﺽُ ‪َ ،‬و ْال َعرﺽُ ‪َ ،‬و ْال َﺧا ِت َم ُة‪َ :‬وه َ‬
‫ﺻادِق ْالرا ِﻓعِﻲﱡ ‪َ ،‬وﺇبْرا ِه ْي ُم‬ ‫َو ِمﻥْ ﺃَه ﱢم روا ِد ْال َمﻘا َل ِة ﻓِﻲ ْال َعﺻْ ِر ْال َﺣ ِد ْيﺙِ‪ :‬مُﺻْ َط َﻔﻰ َ‬
‫الع ﱠﻘاد‪،‬‬ ‫ُﺳيْﻥ‪َ ،‬و َ‬ ‫ﺷ ُﻛر‪َ ،‬و َﻓهمِﻲ ْالمُدَ رﱢ ﺱُ ‪َ ،‬ومُﺻْ طﻔﻰ َلطﻔِﻲ ْال َمن َﻔلوطِ ﻲّ ‪َ ،‬و َطﻪ ﺣ َ‬ ‫ﺻالِ ُﺢ ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫َوﺃﺣْ َمد َﺣ َﺳﻥ ا َلزياﺕ َوﻏ َيرهُم‪.‬‬

‫ﻓَ ْﻬ ِﻤﻲ ﺍ ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺪ ﱢﺭ ُ‬
‫ﺱ‬

‫وُ لِدَ َﻓ ْهمِﻲ ْالمُدَ رﱢ ﺱُ َﻋام ‪١۸۷۳‬م َوتو ﱢﻓ َﻲ َﻋام َ‪١۹44‬م‪.‬‬

‫ﺿﻰ َﺧمْ َﺳ َة َﻋ َﺷ َر َﻋامًا ﺃُﺳْ َت ًاﺫا ﻓِﻲ ْال َجام َِع ِة الع ُْث َما ِن ﱠي ِة‬ ‫َﻗ َ‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫ْﺦ اﻵدَ ا ِ‬ ‫اري َ‬ ‫ﺱ ِﻓ ْي َها ْالﺣ َ‬
‫ُﻘوق اﻹﺳْ ﻼ ِم ﱠي َة‪َ ،‬و َت ِ‬ ‫بﺈﺳْ َط ْنبو َﻝ‪َ ،‬ودَ َر َ‬
‫ﺱ ْالع ِْل ِم َﻋﻥْ ﻋُل َما ِء َب ْﻐدادَ َوﻓُ َﻘ َهاﺋ َها‪،‬‬ ‫رب ﱠي َةِ‪َ .‬و َﻗ ْد ﺃَ َﺧ َﺫ ُدر ُْو َ‬ ‫ْال َع ِ‬
‫ﺷ ْﻛ ِرﻱ اﻵلوﺳِ ﻲﱢ ‪َ .‬و ِمﻥْ ﺃَه ﱢم مُﺅلﱠ َﻔا ِتﻪِ‪:‬‬ ‫َوﺃَ َﺧ َﺫ ﻓُ ُن ْو َﻥ اﻷَدَ ﺏِ‪َ ،‬و ْال َﺧ ﱢط ْال َع َر ِبﻲﱢ َﻋﻥْ َمﺣْ مُو ِد ُ‬
‫ﺄر ْي ِﺧي ٌﱠة ِاجْ ِتمَاﻋِ ي ٌﱠة‪.‬‬
‫ﻘاﻻﺕ ﺳِ ياَﺳِ ي ٌﱠة َت ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ْﻥ َ‪.‬و َم‬ ‫ﺕ ْال َع ِ‬
‫رب ﱠي ِة ِباللُ َﻐ ِة ال ﱡتر ِﻛ ﱠيةِ‪ ،‬ﻓِﻲ جُزﺃي ِ‬ ‫ار ْي ُﺦ ﺃَدَ ِبيﱠا ِ‬
‫َت ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﻋِ را ِﻗ ﱠي ٍة مِن َها َﻗ َ‬
‫ﺻا ِﺋ ُد‬ ‫ﺕ ﻓِﻲ َم َج ﱠﻼ ٍ‬ ‫موﻋ ٌة م َِﻥ ْال َﻘ َ‬
‫ﺻا ِﺋ ِد ْال ﱢﺷعْ ر ﱠي ِة ْالمُنوﱠ َﻋ ِة ُنﺷِ َر ْ‬ ‫َو َل ُﻪ َمجْ َ‬
‫ط ِب َﻊ ﻓِﻲ َم ْط َب َع ِة ﺃَﺳْ َعد ﻓِﻲ َب ْﻐدادَ‬ ‫ﺕ َﻓهمِﻲ المُدرﱢ ﺱ( الﺫﻱ ُ‬ ‫ﺏ ) َم َﻘاﻻ ِ‬ ‫ﺕ ﻓِﻲ ِﻛ َتا ِ‬ ‫ُنﺷِ َر ْ‬
‫َﻋا َم ‪١۹۷0‬م‪.‬‬
‫ﱢدق‬
‫الواﺳِ َعةِ‪ ،‬والﺻ ِ‬ ‫ِيج ًة لِث َﻘا َﻓ ِت ِﻪ َ‬ ‫ﺕ َﻓ ْهمِﻲ المُدَ رﱢ ﺱ ِب ﱠ‬
‫الثرا ِء ال ِﻔ ْﻛ ِرﻱﱢ ‪َ ،‬نت َ‬ ‫َو َت ْم َتا ُز َم َﻘاﻻَ ُ‬
‫ﻑ‪،‬‬ ‫واﺿﺢ َﺳه ٍْﻝ ﻻ َتعﻘِيدَ ﻓ ْيﻪِ‪َ ،‬وﻻ َت َﻛلﱡ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺕ ِبﺄُﺳْ لُ ْو ٍ‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﻷَ ﱠن ُﻪ َل ْم َي ْﻛتﺏْ ﱠﺇﻻ ﻓِي َما يُﺅمِﻥُ ِبﻪِ‪َ .‬و َجا َء ْ‬
‫َ‬
‫ِباﺱ‪َ ،‬وال ﱠتﺿْ ِ‬
‫مي ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻛيب َها‪َ ،‬و َﻏ َل َب ِة اﻻ ْﻗت ِ‬‫َﻓﺿْ ًﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺃَ َنا َﻗ ِة اﻷ ْل َﻔاﻅِ ‪َ ،‬و َت َنا ُﺳ ِﻘ َها َوا ْنﺳِ َج ِام َترْ ِ‬
‫ﺕ م َِﻥ ْال ﱢﺷعْ ِر ﺃَ ِو اﻷَ ْم َث ِ‬
‫اﻝ ال ﱠﺷعْ ِبيﱠة‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ ْالﻘُرﺁ ِن ﱠيةِ‪َ ،‬وﺃَ ْب َيا ٍ‬
‫َﻋ َل ْي َها ﺃَﻱ اﻻﺳْ ِت ْﺷها َ ِد ِباﻵ َيا ِ‬

‫‪١٠٩‬‬
 ‫ُنواﻥ ) َيا ﺃولِﻲ اﻷَ ْل َباﺏ (‬ ‫َم َﻘا َل ٌة ل َﻔ ْهمِﻲ ْالمُدَ رﱢ ِ‬
‫ﺱ ِبع ِ‬
‫ارب َها(‬ ‫ار ِق اﻷَ ِر ِ‬
‫ﺽ‪َ ،‬و َ‬
‫مﻐ ِ‬ ‫ل ِْل ِﺣ ْﻔﻅِ ﺇ َلﻰ ) َم َﺷ ِ‬
‫ﱠاﻋ ِة ْال َع ِج ْي َب ِة‬‫اجﺄ َ ْال َعا َل َم ِبالﺳ َ‬ ‫َو ْالع َِراﻗِﻲﱡ ﺃَوﱠ ُﻝ ْالمُبدِﻋِ ي َْﻥ َو ْالم ُْﺧ َت ِرﻋِ ي َْﻥ‪َ ،‬وه َُو الﱠﺫﻱْ َﻓ َ‬
‫ور‬ ‫ُ‬
‫اﻥ َملِﻙِ َﻓرا ْن َﺳ ِة َوﺇمْ ِبراط ِ‬ ‫ُتﺣرﱢ َﻛ ِة ِب ْال َما ِء‪ ،‬الﱠتِﻲ ﺃَهْ دا َها َهاروﻥُ الرﱠ ﺷِ ْي ُد ﺇِلﻰ َﺷارْ َل َم َ‬ ‫ْالم َ‬
‫ﺕ َلدَ ْي ِﻪ َو َلدَ ﻯ َﺳاﺋ ِِر ْال َﻐرْ ِب ﱢيي َْﻥ َموﻗ َِﻊ ْال ﱠدهْ َﺷةِ‪،‬‬ ‫‪١١٦۷‬ﻋامًا‪َ ،‬ﻓ َو َﻗ َع ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺏ َﻗب َﻝ‬ ‫ْال َﻐرْ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ِمﻥْ َل ُد ْن ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺏ ْال َﻔﻥﱢ الﱠتِﻲ َﺣلﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﱠنعةِ‪َ ،‬و َﻋ َجا ِﺋ ِ‬ ‫ﺏ َم َﻊ َﻏي ِْر َها ِمﻥْ َنواد ِِر الﺻ َ‬ ‫تﻐ َرا ِ‬ ‫َواﻻﺳْ ْ‬
‫اﻥ َم َﺣ ﱠط‬ ‫الع َم ِﻝ‪َ .‬ي َو َم َﻛ َ‬ ‫اق ي َت َم ﱠت ُﻊ ِبﺣُرﱢ ﱠي ِة ْالع ِْل ِم‪َ ،‬و َ‬ ‫اﻥ ْالع َِر ُ‬ ‫ْطةِ‪َ ،‬وال ِع َنا َي ِة َيو َم َﻛ َ‬ ‫َم َﺣ ﱠﻝ ال ُﻐب َ‬
‫ارب َها‪.‬‬ ‫مﻐ ِ‬‫ﺽ‪َ ،‬و َ‬ ‫ار ِق اﻷَ ِر ِ‬ ‫اﻝ لِﻘُﺻﱠا ِد ْالع ِْل ِم ِمﻥْ َم َﺷ ِ‬ ‫ْالرﱢ َﺣ ِ‬
‫مور ِابﻲ( ﺇِلﻰ َﻋ ْه ِد )الرﱠ ﺷِ ْيدِ(‪َ ،‬ﻓت ِْل َﻙ ﺁثا ٌر‬ ‫)ﺣ َ‬ ‫ﺏ َ‬ ‫َوﺃَمﱠا مَاﺿِ يﻪ ْال ُم ْن َﺣ ِد ُر ِمﻥْ ﺻ ُْل ِ‬
‫ُلوم‪،‬‬ ‫ُثبتة ﻓِﻲ َت ِ‬ ‫ار م ٌ‬ ‫ِﺳﺧ ٌة ﻓِﻲ مُﻔ ّﻛر ِة ﻋُل َما ِء اﻵ َث ِ‬ ‫َما ِث َل ٌة ﻓِﻲ ال َم َتاﺣِﻑِ ‪َ ،‬را َ‬
‫ْﺦ الع ِ‬ ‫ﺄري ِ‬
‫)ﺃور(‪َ ،‬و) َني َنوﻯ(‪َ ،‬و) َب ِاب َﻝ(‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺽ ال ُﻛ ُن ْو ِز المُﺳْ َت ْﺧ َر َج ِة ِمﻥْ‬ ‫ﱠناي ِﻊ مِﻥ َبعْ ِ‬ ‫َوالﻔُ ُن ْو ِﻥ‪َ ،‬والﺻ ِ‬
‫ﺕ َﻋلﻰ َمرﱢ ال ﱡده ُْو ِر‪َ ،‬وﻓﻥﱡ ْال َه ْندَ َﺳ ِة‬ ‫ﺕ‪َ ،‬وال ﱠت ْنز ْيﻝُ‪َ ،‬وال ﱠتلويْﻥُ ﱠ‬
‫الث ِاب ُ‬ ‫َومِﻥ جُمْ َل ِت َها ْال ﱠنﺣْ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ارةُ الﺳﱡو َم ِر ﱢيي َْﻥ الﱠتﻲ‬ ‫ﺿ َ‬ ‫ﺿاراﺕِ‪َ ،‬و ِم ْن َها َﺣ َ‬ ‫الﺣ َ‬‫اق َم ْه ُد َ‬ ‫بﺳ َها ْالﻐرْ ﺏُ ‪َ .‬و ْالع َِر ُ‬ ‫الﱠتِﻲ اﻗ َت َ‬
‫ار ِة ال َﻘويْم ِة‬ ‫ﺏ ال ﱢت َج َ‬ ‫ازد َه َرﺕ ْباِلﻔُ ُن ْو ِﻥ الرﱠ اﻗِيةِ‪َ ،‬وﺃَ َﺳالِ ْي ِ‬ ‫ير‪َ ،‬ﻓ ْ‬ ‫ﻛث ٍ‬ ‫ﺕ اﻷ ُ َمم ِب ْ‬ ‫ﺕ َمدَ ِنيﱠا ِ‬ ‫َﺳب َﻘ ْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺄر ْي ُﺦ ِبن َِﻅا ِم ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺏ َﻋ َر َﻓ ُﻪ ال ﱠت ِ‬ ‫يﻝ َ‪.‬والﺳ ْﱡو َم ِري ْﱡو َﻥ ﺃَ ْﻗدَ ُم َﺷعْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻗ ْب َﻝ ﺣ ُْﻛ ِم ال َﻔ َراﻋِ َنة ِﻓِﻲ َوادِﻱ ال ﱢن ِ‬
‫ﺕ ِب ُملُ ْو ِﻛ َها‪َ ،‬و ُﻛهﱠا ِن َها‪،‬‬ ‫ُتعا ِﻗ َب ًة ا ْم َت َ‬
‫از ْ‬ ‫ﺕ م َ‬ ‫مث ُﻝ َثﻘا َﻓا ٍ‬ ‫ﻼﻝ ُت ﱢ‬ ‫اﻻِجْ تمَاﻋِ ﻲﱢ ‪َ ،‬وب َﻘا َيا اﻷَ َط ِ‬
‫ﺕ َي ْنب ُْوﻋًا َي ْن َﻔ ِج ُر ِم ْن ُﻪ ْالع ِْل ُم‪َ ،‬و ْال ِﺣ ْﻛ َم ُة َوال ﱡن ْو ُر‬ ‫ا‪،‬وﺃَمﱠا َب ْﻐدا ُد َﻓ َﻘ ْد َﻛا َن ْ‬ ‫َوﺃَ ْد َيانِها‪َ ،‬و َﻗوا ِن ْي ِن َه َ‬
‫رﺳ ُة ال ﱢنﻅا ِم ﱠي ُة(‬ ‫مد َ‬ ‫)ال ْ‬‫رق‪َ ،‬و ِمﻥْ َم َعا ِه ِد َها ْ‬ ‫ُﻅلِ َمةِ‪َ .‬وﺃَ ْﺷ َه ُر َم ْدي َن ٍة ﻓِﻲ ْال ﱠﺷ ِ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ ْال ُعﺻ ُْور الم ْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ْﻥ الط ْوﺳِ ﻲﱡ (‪َ ،‬و َﻓ َت َﺣ َها ﺳ َنة ‪ِ 4٥۹‬هجْ ريﱠة َﻗب َﻝ َجام َِع ِة‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫الﱠتِﻲ َب َنا َها )نِﻅا ُم ال َملِﻙِ َﻗوا ُم ال ﱠدي ِ‬
‫ُوﻥ َوﻗبْﻝ َجامِع ِة بُولونِيا‪َ ،‬و َجام َِع ِة َﺳاليرنو ﱢ‬
‫الطليا ِن ﱠي ِة‬ ‫ِﺳﻔور ْد‪َ ،‬والﺳﱡورب ِ‬ ‫ْريجْ َواوﻗ‬ ‫َﻛمب ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫الﱠتﻲ هِﻲ ﺃَﻗدَ م َُجامِع ٍة ﻓِﻲ ﺃُوُ رْ بﱠا‪.‬‬
‫دوار‪َ ،‬وهﺫا َﺣاﺿِ ُرﻩُ ْال َم ْﻐلوﺏُ ِﻓ ْي ِﻪ َﻋلﻰ ﺃَ ْم ِر ِﻩ‬ ‫ِراق ﻓِﻲ م ُْﺧت َلﻑِ َاﻷ ِ‬ ‫ﺫل َِﻙ َﻏ ِاب ُر ْالع ِ‬
‫الﺣاﻝُ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺽ‪َ ،‬و ْالمَاﺿِ ﻲ ﻗُوﱠ ةٌ يُﺳْ ت َم ﱡد ِم ْن َها ْال َﺣاﻝُ‪َ ،‬و َ‬ ‫َم ْه َما َﺣ َاو َﻝ ال ﱠت ْدلِ ْي َﻝ َﻋلﻰ َﻗ ِابل َي ِت ِﻪ لِل ُنه ُْو ِ‬
‫اﻥ ﻓِﻲ ٰ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ﺃَﻋْ َم ٰﻰ َﻓه َُو ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫»و َمﻥْ َﻛ َ‬ ‫ﻗُوﱠ ةُ ْالمُﺳ َتﻘ َب ِﻝ‪َ ،‬و َمﻥْ ﻻ َﺣا َﻝ َل ُﻪ ﻻ اﺳْ ِت ْﻘبا َﻝ َل ُﻪ َ‬
‫يﻼ« )اﻹﺳْ َراءُ‪.(۷2 :‬‬ ‫ﺿ ﱡﻝ َﺳ ِب ً‬ ‫ْاﻵﺧ َِر ِة ﺃَﻋْ َم ٰﻰ َوﺃَ َ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﱠ ْﺤﻠِ ْﻴ ُﻞ‬

‫ُنﺫ ﺃَ ْﻗدَ ِم ْال ُعﺻ ُْو ِر ِممﱠا َج َع َل ُﻪ َيﻘُ ْو ُد‬ ‫ﻑ ْالع َِراﻗِﻲﱡ ِب َت َﻔوﱢ ِﻗ ِﻪ ْال َعﻘلِﻲﱢ َو ْالعِلمِﻲﱢ م ُ‬ ‫ﻋ ُِر َ‬
‫ﺕ ْال َﺣ ِد ْي َثةِ‪َ .‬و َﻗ ْد َﺫ َﻛ َر َﻓ ْهمِﻲ ْالمُدَ رﱢ ﺱُ‬ ‫ارا ِ‬ ‫ﺿ َ‬ ‫ﺕ ْال َﻘ ِد ْي َم َة‪َ ،‬و ُي َم ﱢه ُد ال ﱡﺳ ُب َﻝ ل ِْل َﺣ َ‬ ‫ارا ِ‬ ‫ﺿ َ‬ ‫ْال َﺣ َ‬
‫ُتﺣرﱢ َﻛة‬ ‫ﱠاﻋ َة ْال َع ِجي َب َة ْالم َ‬ ‫اﺧ َت َر َﻉ الﺳ َ‬ ‫اﻋا ِتﻪِ‪َ ،‬ﻓه َُو الﱠﺫِﻱ ْ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ َم َﻘا َل ِت ِﻪ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ َﺷ ْي ًﺋا ِمﻥْ ﺇِبْدَ َ‬
‫ِماﻥ مَلﻙِ َﻓ َر ْن َﺳا‬ ‫َِب ْال َما ِء‪ ،‬ت ِْل َﻙ الﺳﱠاﻋ ُة الﱠتِﻲ ﺃَهْ دَ ا َها ْال َﺧل ْي َﻔ ُة ْال َعبﱠاﺳِ ﻲﱡ َهار ُْوﻥُ ﺇ َلﻰ َﺷارل َ‬
‫ﺕ ْال َجديْدَ ِة الﱠتِﻲ َل ْم‬ ‫ﺏ ِم ْن َها َو َﻋ ﱠد َها م َِﻥ ال ﱠن َواد ِِر َو ْالم ُْﺧ َت َر َﻋا ِ‬ ‫راط ْو ِرها‪ ،‬الﱠﺫِﻱ َتعجﱠ َ‬ ‫َوﺇمْ ِب ُ‬
‫َي َر م ِْث َل َها ِمﻥْ َﻗ ْبﻝُ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ َم َعالِمُﻪ ُﻓِﻲ‬ ‫ﺻ ْ‬ ‫ِرﺣالِهم ُم ْن ُﺫ ْاﻷ َز ِﻝ‪َ ،‬و َﻗ ْد َﺷ َﺧ َ‬ ‫ﺻ ُد ْال ُع َلما ِء‪َ ،‬و َم َﺣ ﱡط ت َ‬ ‫اق َم ْﻘ َ‬ ‫َو ْالع َِر ُ‬
‫ْال َمتاﺣِﻑِ ْال َعا َلم ﱠي ِة دَ َﻻ َل ًة َﻋ َلﻰ َﺳ ْب ِﻘ ِﻪ َﻏيْرﻩ ﻓِﻲ ْال َم َج َاﻻ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ْالم ُْﺧ َتلِ َﻔةِ‪.‬‬
‫)وﺃمﱠا‬ ‫ﺏ ْال َﻔن ﱠي ِة التﻲ َن ِج ُدها ﻓﻲ َﻗ ْولِﻪِ‪َ :‬‬ ‫ﺽ ْاﻷ َﺳالي ِ‬ ‫ﻑ ْال َﻛاتِﺏُ ﻓﻲ َم َﻘا َل ِت ِﻪ َبعْ َ‬ ‫َو َل ْﻘد َو ﱠﻅ َ‬
‫ُﻅلِ َمةِ(؛ ْﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﺕ َينبوﻋًا َي ْن َﻔ ِج ُر مِن ُﻪ ْالعِل ُم َو ْال ِﺣ ْﻛ َم ُة َوال ﱡن ْو ُر ﻓِﻲ ْال ُعﺻ ُْور ْالم ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫َب ْﻐدا ُد َﻓ َﻘ ْد َﻛا َن ْ‬
‫ِلم َو ْالﺣ ِْﻛ َم ِة َوال ﱡن ْو ِر ْال ُم َت َﻔجﱢ ر‪َ ،‬و َل ْم َيﻘُ ْﻝ ﺇ ﱠن َها ُت ْﺷ ِب ُﻪ ْال َي ْنب ُْو َﻉ ؛ لِي َُﺅ ﱢﻛدَ‬ ‫َج َع َﻝ َبﻐدادَ َي َ ْ‬
‫نبوﻉ الع ِ‬
‫اﺽ َﻻ َﻋ ْودَ َة َلﻪُ؛‬ ‫َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْالﻔ ِْﻛ َر َة‪َ .‬وه َُو ِبﺫ ِْﻛ ِر ِﻩ َه ِﺫ ِﻩ ْاﻷُم ُْو َر ِﻻ ي ُِر ْي ُد ال ﱠت َﻔا ُﺧ َر َوال ﱠت َباهِﻲ ِب َم ٍ‬
‫ِﻲ‪ْ » :‬المَاﺿِ ﻲ ﻗُوﱠ ةٌ يُﺳْ ت َم ﱡد ِم ْن َها‬ ‫َب ْﻝ ي ُِر ْي ُد ﺃَﻥْ ي ُْوﺻِ َﻝ ﻓ ِْﻛ َر ًة م ُِهم ًﱠة َﺧ َت َم ِب َها َم َﻘا َل َتﻪُ‪ ،‬ه َ‬
‫الﺣاﻝُ‪ ،‬ﻗُوﱠ ةُ ْالمُﺳ َتﻘ َب ِﻝ‪َ ،‬و َمﻥْ ﻻ َﺣا َﻝ َل ُﻪ ﻻ اﺳْ ِت ْﻘبا َﻝ َلﻪُ«‪.‬‬ ‫ْال َﺣاﻝُ‪َ ،‬و َ‬

‫ﺃَ ْ‬
‫ﺳﺌِﻠَﺔُ ﺍ ْﻟ ُﻤﻨَﺎﻗَ َ‬
‫ﺸ ِﺔ‪:‬‬

‫»ال َماِﺿﻲ ﻗُوﱠ ةٌ يُﺳْ ت َم ﱡد ِم ْن َها ْال َﺣاﻝُ‪َ ،‬و ْال َﺣا ُﻝ ﻗُوﱠ ةُ‬‫ﺏ ْ‬ ‫وﻝ ْال َﻛا َ ِت ِ‬
‫‪َ -١‬ما ْال َم ْﻘﺻ ُْو ُد ِمﻥْ َﻗ ِ‬
‫ﻻﺣا َﻝ َل ُﻪ ﻻ اﺳْ ِت ْﻘ َبا َﻝ َلﻪُ«؟‬ ‫ْالمُﺳْ َتﻘ َب ِﻝ‪َ ،‬و َمﻥْ َ‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻛيﻑ ﺻور ﻓهمﻲ المدرﺱ بﻐداد ﻓﻲ مﻘالﻪ؟‬
‫ﺱ؟‬ ‫ﺕ َﻓ ْهمِﻲ ْالمُدَ رﱢ ِ‬ ‫‪َ -۳‬ما ﺃَ َه ﱡم م َُﺅلﱠ َﻔا ِ‬
‫ﺻ َها؟‬ ‫‪َ -4‬ما ْال َم ْﻘﺻ ُْو ُد ِب ْال َم َﻘا َل ِة ْاﻷَدَ ِب ﱠيةِ؟ َو َما َﺧ َ‬
‫ﺻا ِﺋ ُ‬

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 ‫ﻣﻌﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬

‫ﺃ‬
‫ِﻥ الﺻﱠﻑﱢ ﺃَﻱْ‬
‫ﺻﻰ ال ﱠﺷﻲْ َء‪ :‬ﺃَب َْعدَ ﻩُ‪ُ ،‬ي َﻘاﻝُ‪:‬ﺃﻗﺻاﻩُ م ِ‬
‫ﺻاءً‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْﻗ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻰ‪ :‬ﺃَ ْﻗ َ‬
‫ﺻﻰ ُي ْﻘﺻِ ﻲ ﺇِ ْﻗ َ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺃَ ْﻗ َ‬
‫ﺃب َْعدَ ﻩُ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ‬
‫ﺏ َيجْ ُدﺏُ َج ْدبًا َو ُج ُدو َب ًة‪ْ ،‬ال َج ْدﺏُ َنﻘِيﺽُ‬ ‫ﺏ َيجْ دِﺏُ ‪َ ،‬و َج ُد َ‬ ‫ﺏ‪َ :‬جدَ َ‬ ‫‪َ -‬جدَ َ‬
‫اﺱ ْال َما ِء َﻋ ْنها‪َ ،‬و ْاﻷَرْ ﺽُ ْال َج ْد َب ُة‪:‬‬
‫ﺕ ِﻻﺣْ ِت َب ِ‬ ‫ﺕ ْاﻷَرْ ﺽُ ‪َ :‬ي ِب َﺳ ْ‬ ‫ْال ِﺧﺻْ ﺏِ‪َ ،‬و َج ُد َب ِ‬
‫ﻙ ْالما َء‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻼ َت ْﺷ َر ُب ُﻪ َﺳ ِريعًا‪.‬‬‫ِﻲ ْاﻷَرْ ﺽُ الﱠتِﻲ ُتمْْمﺳِ ُ‬ ‫ه َ‬
‫ﺡ‬
‫ﺱ ال ﱠﺷﻲْ َء‪َ :‬ﺣ َز َرﻩُ‪َ ،‬و َﺧ ﱠم َنﻪُ‪َ ،‬و َﻗ ﱠد َرﻩُ‪.‬‬
‫ﺱ َيﺣْ ُدﺱُ َﺣ ْدﺳًا‪َ ،‬ﺣدَ َ‬
‫ﺱ‪َ :‬ﺣدَ َ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺣدَ َ‬
‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺕ ْاﻷ ُ ﱡم َو َلدَ َها‪َ :‬ﻋ َط َﻔ ْ‬
‫ﺕ َﻋ َل ْي ِﻪ َو َل ِز َم ْتﻪُ‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ -‬ر ِﺋ َم‪َ :‬ر ِﺋ َم َيرْ ﺃَ ُم َر ْﺃمًا‪َ :‬ر ِﺋ َم ِ‬
‫اﺱ‪َ ،‬والرﱠ ﺫِي َل ُة‪:‬‬ ‫‪َ -‬ر ُﺫ َﻝ‪َ :‬ر ُﺫ َﻝ َيرْ ُﺫ ُﻝ َر َﺫا َل ًة‪َ ،‬والرﱠ ْﺫﻝُ‪:‬ال ﱡدوﻥُ ْال َﺧﺳِ يﺱُ م َِﻥ ال ﱠن ِ‬
‫ِﻲ َت َﻘ ِاب ُﻝ ْال َﻔﺿِ ي َل َة‪َ ،‬و َجمْ ُع َها َر َﺫا ِﺋﻝُ‪.‬‬
‫الﺫمِي َم ُة‪َ ،‬وه َ‬‫ْال َﺧﺻْ َل ُة ﱠ‬
‫)وﻓِﻲ ال ﱠنﺹﱢ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪َ -‬رﺳِ َﻝ‪َ :‬رﺳِ َﻝ َيرْ َﺳ ُﻝ ِرﺳْ ًﻼ‪َ ،‬والرﱢ ﺳْ ﻝُ‪ :‬اللﱢيﻥُ َوالرﱢ ْﻓ ُق َوال ﱡت ْﺅدَ ةُ‪َ ،‬‬
‫َﻋ َلﻰ ِرﺳْ ل َِﻙ َتعْ نِﻲ َت َم ﱠهﻝْ‪َ ،‬و َتﺄَﻥﱠ َو َﻻ َت َت َعجﱠ ﻝْ(‪.‬‬
‫‪َ -‬رن َِق‪َ :‬رن َِق َر ْن ًﻘا َو َر َن ًﻘا‪َ ،‬والرﱠ ْو َن ُق‪ْ :‬الﺣُﺳْ ﻥُ َو ْال َب َها ُء َو ْاﻹِ ْﺷ َر ُ‬
‫اق‪.‬‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﻑ ﻓِﻲ ْاﻷَم ِْر‪:‬‬
‫‪،‬والﺳﱠرْ ﻑُ ‪ :‬ﺿِ ﱡد ْال َﻘﺻْ دِ‪ ،‬ﺃَﺳْ َر َ‬
‫ﻑ يُﺳْ ِرﻑُ ﺇِﺳْ َرا ًﻓا َ‬ ‫ﻑ‪َ :‬ﺃَﺳْ َر َ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺳ ِر َ‬
‫َبا َل َﻎ‪ ،‬ﺃَ ْﻓ َر َط َو َج َاو َز ْال َﺣ ﱠد‪.‬‬
‫ﺵ‬
‫ﱢﺱ‪،‬‬‫ﺷ ﱢب َﻪ َﻋ َل ْي ِﻪ َو َلﻪُ‪ :‬لُب َ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﺷ ِب َﻪ‪َ :‬ﺷ ِب َﻪ َي ْﺷ َب ُﻪ ﺷِ ْبهًا َو َﺷ َبهًا َو َﺷ ﱠب َﻪ ُي َﺷ ﱢب ُﻪ َت ْﺷ ِبيهًا‪ُ ،‬‬
‫ﺷ َبﻪٌ‪.‬‬ ‫اﺕ َو ُ‬ ‫ﺷ ُب َه ٌ‬‫اﻻل ِت َباﺱُ والجمﻊ ُ‬ ‫َوال ﱡﺷ ْب َه ُة‪ْ :‬‬
‫ُ‪:‬اﻹِﺣْ َﺳاﺱُ ‪.‬‬‫ا‪،‬و َﺷ َع َر ِبﻪِ‪َ :‬ﻋ َﻘ َلﻪُ‪َ ،‬وال ﱡﺷعُور ْ‬ ‫ﺷعُورً َ‬ ‫‪َ -‬ﺷ َع َر‪َ :‬ﺷ َع َر َو َﺷع َُر َي ْﺷ ُع ُر ُ‬

‫‪١١٢‬‬
 ‫ﻅ‬
‫ار َو َج َاو َز ْال َﺣ ﱠد‪َ ،‬و ﱡ‬
‫الﻅ ْل ُم‪َ :‬وﺿْ ُﻊ ال ﱠﺷﻲْ ِء ﻓِﻲ َﻏي ِْر‬ ‫ﻅ ْلمًا‪َ :‬ج َ‬ ‫‪َ -‬ﻅ َل َم‪َ :‬ﻅ َل َم َي ْﻅلِ ُم ُ‬
‫َم ْوﺿِ ِعﻪِ‪َ ،‬و ْال َم َﻅالِ ُم َجمْْم ُﻊ َم ْﻅلِ َم ٍة َوه َ‬
‫ِﻲ َما ي ُْﺅ َﺧ ُﺫ ُ‬
‫ﻅ ْلمًا‪.‬‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫‪َ -‬ﻋ ِي َﻲ‪َ :‬ﻋ ِي َﻲ َيعْ َيا َﻋ ًّيا‪َ ،‬ﻋ ِي َﻲ ِب ْاﻷَمْ ِر‪َ :‬ﻋ َج َز َﻋ ْن ُﻪ َو َل ْم يُطِ ْق ﺇِﺣْ َﻛا َمﻪُ‪َ ،‬وﺃَﻋْ َيا‬
‫اق‪.‬‬ ‫ِﺏ َت َعبًا َﺷدِي ًدا‪َ ،‬و ْاﻹِﻋْ َياءُ‪ :‬ال ﱠت َعﺏُ ال ﱠﺷدِي ُد َو ْاﻹِرْ َه ُ‬ ‫يُعْ ِيﻲ ﺇِﻋْ َياءً‪َ :‬تع َ‬
‫ار‬‫ﺻ َ‬ ‫وﻋ ْو ًداَ‪َ ،‬و َت َعوﱠ دَ ال ﱠﺷﻲْ َء َواﻋْ َتادَ ﻩُ َوﺃَ َﻋادَ ﻩُ‪ :‬ﺃَﻱْ َ‬ ‫‪َ -‬ﻋادَ ‪َ :‬ﻋادَ َيعُو ُد َﻋ ْودَ ًة َ‬
‫اﺕ‪.‬‬‫َﻋادَ ًة َلﻪُ‪َ ،‬و ْال َعادَ ةُ‪ :‬ال ﱠد ْﺃﺏُ َوال ﱠديْدَ ﻥُ ي َُعا ُد ﺇ َل ْيﻪِ‪َ ،‬و َج ْم ُع َها َﻋا ٌد َو َﻋادَ ٌ‬
‫‪،‬و َﻋ ِت َﻪ‬‫‪َ -‬ﻋ ِت َﻪ‪َ :‬ﻋ ِت َﻪ َيعْ َت ُﻪ َﻋ ْتهًا َو ُﻋ َتاهًا َو َﻋ َتا ِه َي ًة‪َ ،‬وال ﱠت َع ﱡتﻪُ‪ :‬ال ﱠت َج ﱡنﻥُ َوالرﱡ ﻋُو َن ُة َ‬
‫ار َمعْ ُتوهًا‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻ َ‬ ‫وﻥ ﺃَﻱْ َ‬ ‫ﺹ َﻋ ْﻘلُ ُﻪ ِمﻥْ َﻏي ِْر ُج ُن ٍ‬ ‫الرﱠ ُجﻝُ‪َ :‬ن َﻘ َ‬
‫ﺻب ِْر‬ ‫ُطو ًنا‪َ ،‬و َر ُج ٌﻝ َواﺳِ ُﻊ ْال َع َط ِﻥ‪َ :‬واﺳِ ُﻊ ال ﱠ‬ ‫‪َ -‬ﻋ َط َﻥ‪َ :‬ﻋ َط َﻥ َيعْ طِ ﻥُ َﻋ ْط ًنا َوﻋ ُ‬
‫اﻝ‪.‬‬‫َو ْالﺣِي َل ِة ﻋِ ْندَ ال ﱠﺷدَ ا ِﺋدِ‪َ ،‬ﺳﺧِﻲﱞ َﻛثِي ُر ْال َم ِ‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫ْﺕ الرﱠ ُج َﻝ م َِرا ًء ﺇِ َﺫا َجادَ ْل ُتﻪُ‪،‬‬ ‫ارا ًة‪َ ،‬م َ‬
‫اري ُ‬ ‫ارﻱ م َِرا ًء َو ُم َم َ‬
‫ارﻯ ُي َم ِ‬ ‫ارﻯ‪َ :‬م َ‬ ‫‪َ -‬م َ‬
‫والم َِراءُ‪ْ :‬ال َجدَ ﻝُ‪.‬‬
‫ْ‬

‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺻا َبﻪُ‪.‬‬ ‫اﺏ َي ُنوﺏُ َن ْوبًا َو َن ْو َب ًة‪ُ ،‬ي َﻘاﻝُ‪َ :‬نا َب ُﻪ ﺃَ ْم ٌر َوا ْن َتا َب ُﻪ ﺃَﻱْ ﺃَ َ‬ ‫اﺏ‪َ :‬ن َ‬ ‫‪َ -‬ن َ‬
‫ُﺏ َن َجا َب ًة‪َ ،‬و َر ُج ُﻝ َن ِجيﺏٌ ‪َ :‬ﺫﻛِﻲﱞ ‪َ ،‬ﻓطِ ﻥٌ ‪َ ،‬ﻛ ِري ُم ْاﻷَﺻْ ِﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫ُﺏ َي ْنج َ‬ ‫ُﺏ‪َ :‬نج َ‬ ‫‪َ -‬نج َ‬
‫ﺽ ْاﻷَمْ َر‪ :‬ﺃَ ْﻓ َﺳدَ ﻩُ َبعْ دَ ﺇِﺣْ َﻛا ِمﻪِ‪َ ،‬و َن َﻘ َ‬
‫ﺽ‬ ‫ﺽ َي ْنﻘُﺽُ َن ْﻘﺿًا‪َ ،‬ن َﻘ َ‬ ‫ﺽ‪َ :‬ن َﻘ َ‬ ‫‪َ -‬ن َﻘ َ‬
‫ﺕ‪،‬‬‫ﺿ ْ‬‫ار َ‬ ‫ﺕ‪َ ،‬و َت َع َ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺃَ ْﻗ َوالُ ُه َما‪َ :‬ت َﺧا َل َﻔ ْ‬‫ﺿ ْ‬‫ْال َعهْدَ ‪َ :‬ن َﻛ َث ُﻪ َو َل ْم َيعْ َم ْﻝ ِبﻪِ‪َ ،‬و َت َنا َﻗ َ‬
‫ﺿ ُ‬
‫اﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺕ‪ ،‬وال ﱠت َناﻗُﺽُ ‪ :‬ال ﱠت َﺧالُﻑُ ‪َ ،‬وال ﱠت َعارُﺽُ ‪َ ،‬وال ﱠت َبايُﻥُ ‪َ ،‬و َجمْ ُع َها َت َناﻗُ َ‬ ‫َو َت َبا َي َن ْ‬
‫ﺕ ﺃَ ْﺧ َﻼﻗُ ُه ْم‪ُ :‬ه ْم َﻋ َلﻰ ِم ْن َو ٍ‬
‫اﻝ َوا ِﺣ ٍد‬ ‫‪َ -‬ن ِو َﻝ‪َ :‬ن ِو َﻝ َن ْو ًﻻ‪ُ ،‬ي َﻘا ُﻝ ل ِْل َﻘ ْو ِم ﺇِ َﺫا اﺳْ َت َو ْ‬
‫ﺃَﻱْ َﻋ َلﻰ َن َﺳ ٍق َوا ِﺣدٍ‪.‬‬

‫‪١١٣‬‬
 ‫ُﻣﻌ َ ْ‬
‫ْﺠ ُﻢ َﺗﻘ ِﻮﻳ ِْﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﱢ َﺴ ِ‬
‫ﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻟِ ْﻠ َﻤ ْﺮ َﺣﻠَ ِﺔ ْﺍﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻮ ﱢﺳ َﻄ ِﺔ‬

‫)ﺃ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬ﺃجاﺏ ﻋﻥ الﺳﺅاﻝ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪):‬ﺃجاﺏ ﻋلﻰ الﺳﺅاﻝ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬ﺃدﻯ دورا ﻛبيرا( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬لعﺏ دورا ﻛبيرا(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬اﻵﻥ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪ًّ :‬‬
‫)توا(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬ﺃﺫﻥ لهم ﻓﻲ الﺳﻔر( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬ﺃﺫﻥ لهم بالﺳﻔر(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬ﺃﺳﺳﺕ المدرﺳة( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬تﺄﺳﺳﺕ المدرﺳة(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬ﺃيهما ﺃبعد ﻋطارد ﺃم المريﺦ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬ﺃيهما ﺃبعد ﻋطارد ﺃو‬
‫المريﺦ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬اﺳتمرﱠ بﻪ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬اﺳتمرﱠ ﻋليﻪ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬اﺣﺫر الﺧطر( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬اﺣﺫر مﻥ الﺧطر(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬ﺃﺣتاﺝ الﻰ ﻗلم( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬ﺃﺣتاﺝ ﻗلما(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬اﻋتﺫر مﻥ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬اﻋتﺫر ﻋﻥ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬ﺃﻋﻼم ﺳُود( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬ﺃﻋﻼم ﺳوداء(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪):‬ﺃﻋانﻪ ﻋلﻰ اﻷمر( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬ﺃﻋانﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻷمر(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬ﺃنﺕ مثﻝ ﺃبﻲ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬ﺃنﺕ بمثابة ﺃبﻲ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬اﻹناء مملوء( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬اﻹناء ممتلﺊ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬ﺃ ﱠﻛد الﺷﻲء( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬ﺃ ﱠﻛد ﻋليﻪ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬اﺷتاق الﻰ لﻘاء اﺳتاﺫﻩ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬تلهﻑ الﻰ لﻘاء ﺃﺳتاﺫﻩ(‬

‫‪١١٤‬‬
 ‫)ﺏ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬بﺋر ﻋميﻘة( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬بﺋر ﻋميق(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬بﺣثﺕ ﻋﻥ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬بﺣثﺕ ﻋلﻰ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬بدﻝ منﻪ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬بدﻝ ﻋنﻪ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬لﺳﺕ ببعيد منﻪ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬لﺳﺕ ببعيد ﻋنﻪ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬البنتاﻥ الﻛبرياﻥ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬البنتاﻥ الﻛبرتاﻥ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬الباﺏ موﺻد( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬ال َباﺏُ َم ْوﺻ ُْو ٌد(‬

‫)ﺕ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬تردد زيد الﻰ المﻛتبة( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬تردد زيد ﻋلﻰ المﻛتبة(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬تﺄﺧر ﻋﻥ ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬تﺄﺧر ﻋلﻰ(‬
‫اﺏ ﺃَ ْو َﻻدِها(‬ ‫)ال َمرْ ﺃَةُ َتﺣي ُ‬
‫ﻙ ِث َي َ‬ ‫اﺏ ﺃَ ْو َﻻدِها( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫)ال َمرْ ﺃَةُ َتﺣو ُ‬
‫ﻙ ِث َي َ‬ ‫ﻗﻝ‪ْ :‬‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬تﺳلمﺕ الرﺳالة( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬اﺳتلمﺕ الرﺳالة(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬تعرﱠ ﻑ ﺇلﻰ الموﺿوﻉ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬تعرﱠ ﻑ ﻋلﻰ الموﺿوﻉ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬التنبيﻪ ﻋلﻰ ﺫلﻙ المبدﺃ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬التنبيﻪ ﺇلﻰ ﺫلﻙ المبدﺃ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬تميﱠز هﺫا مﻥ هﺫا( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬تميﱠز هﺫا ﻋﻥ هﺫا(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬تﻛلﱠم ﻋلﻰ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬تﻛلﱠم ﻋﻥ(‬

‫)ﺙ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬ثبﺕ الجندﻱ مﻛانﻪ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬ثبﺕ الجندﻱ ﻓﻲ مﻛانﻪ(‬

‫)ﺝ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬جاء الناﺱ ﻛاﻓة( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬جاء ﻛاﻓة الناﺱ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬جمادﻯ اﻷولﻰ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬جمادﻯ اﻷوﻝ(‬

‫‪١١٥‬‬
 ‫)ﺡ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬ﺣازوا النجاﺡ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬ﺣازوا ﻋلﻰ النجاﺡ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬هﺫﻩ الﺣاﻝ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬هﺫا الﺣاﻝ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬هﺫا العالم ﺧبير بعلم الﻔيزياء( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬هﺫا العالم ﺧبير ﻓﻲ ﻋلم‬
‫الﻔيزياء(‬
‫)ﺥ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬ﺧرﺝ الجنود مﻥ المعرﻛة( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬انﺳﺣﺏ الجنود مﻥ المعرﻛة(‬

‫)د(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬دﺃﺏ ﻓﻲ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬دﺃﺏ ﻋلﻰ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬ﺃﻗام دﻋوييﻥ ﻋلﻰ ﺧﺻمﻪ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬ﺃﻗام دﻋوتيﻥ ﻋلﻰ ﺧﺻمﻪ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪َ ) :‬ﻗ ِميْﺹٌ ﺃدﻛﻥ َو ُجب ٌﱠة دَ ﻛناء( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪َ ) :‬ﻗ ِميْﺹٌ داﻛﻥ‪َ ،‬و ُجب ٌﱠة داﻛنة(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬دﻗق المﺳﺄلة( وﻻ تﻘﻝ )دﻗق ﻓﻲ المﺳﺄلة(‬
‫)ر(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬الﻔﻛرة الرﺋيﺳة( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬الﻔﻛرة الرﺋيﺳية(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬راﻗتنﻲ اﻷﻋماﻝ الطيبة( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬راﻗﺕ لﻲ اﻷﻋماﻝ الطيبة(‬

‫)ﺱ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬ﺳﺄﻝ ﻋﻥ الموﺿوﻉ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬ﺳﺄﻝ ﻋلﻰ الموﺿوﻉ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬ﺳاﻋد ﻋلﻰ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬ﺳاﻋد ﻓﻲ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬ﺳﺧر منﻪ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬ﺳﺧر بﻪ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬ﺳنﻲ مﻛﺳورة( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬ﺳنﻲ مﻛﺳور(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬ﺳوﻑ ﺃﺫهﺏ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬ﺳوﻑ لﻥ ﺃﺫهﺏ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬ﺳِ رﱡ َﻙ مﺻوﻥ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬ﺳِ رﱡ َﻙ مُﺻاﻥ(‬

‫‪١١٦‬‬
 ‫)ﺵ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬ﺷﻛرا لوجودﻙ معنا( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬ﺷﻛرا لتواجدﻙ معنا(‬

‫)ﺹ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬ﺻﺣﺢ الدﻓتر( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬ﺻلﺢ الدﻓتر(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬مﺻادﻓة( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬ﺻدﻓة(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬ﺻ ﱢﻝ ﻋلﻰ مﺣمد وﺁﻝ مﺣمد( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬ﺻلﱢﻲ ﻋلﻰ مﺣمد وﺁﻝ‬
‫مﺣمد(‬

‫)ﺽ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬ﺿليﻊ مﻥ العلم( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬ﺿليﻊ ﻓﻲ العلم(‬

‫)ط(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬طلﺏ ﺇليﻪ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬طلﺏ منﻪ(‬
‫ﱠ‬
‫)الطالِﺏُ معْ ﻔوّ م َِﻥ اﻻمْ ت َِﺣ ِ‬
‫اﻥ(‬ ‫اﻥ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫)الطالِﺏُ مُع َﻔﻰ م َِﻥ اﻻمْ ت َِﺣ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬الطلبة ﻏير المﺫﻛوريﻥ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬الطلبة الﻐير مﺫﻛوريﻥ(‬
‫ﱠ‬
‫)الطالِﺏُ مُج ﱞد ﻓِﻲ ُدر ُْوﺳِ ﻪِ(‬ ‫)الطالِﺏُ جا ﱞد ﻓِﻲ ُدر ُْوﺳِ ﻪِ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪:‬‬‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻗﻝ‪:‬‬

‫)ﻉ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬ﻋاطﻝ مﻥ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬ﻋاطﻝ ﻋﻥ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬ﻋانيﺕ اﻷمر( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬ﻋانيﺕ مﻥ اﻷمر(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬ﻋلﻰ الرﻏم مﻥ‪ (...‬وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬بالرﻏم مﻥ‪(...‬‬

‫)ﻑ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬ﻓِﻲ الوﻗﺕ َن ْﻔﺳِ ﻪِ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬ﻓِﻲ نﻔﺱ ْال َو ْﻗﺕِ(‬

‫‪١١٧‬‬
 ‫)ق(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬ﻗرﺃ ﻋلﻰ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬ﻗرﺃ ﻋند(‬
‫ُﺿاﻝ(‬ ‫ُﺿاﻻ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪َ ) :‬ﻗ َ‬
‫اﺳﻰ مﻥ َم َرﺽ ﻋ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻝ‪َ ) :‬ﻗ َ‬
‫اﺳﻰ َم َرﺿا ﻋ َ‬

‫)ﻙ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬ﻛتاﺏ ﺷاﺋق( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬ﻛتاﺏ ﺷيﱢق(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬ﻛﻼ الطالبيﻥ مجاز( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬ﻛﻼ الطالبيﻥ مجازاﻥ(‬
‫ﱠار ِة َزادَ ْال َﺧ َطرُ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬ﻛلما زادﺕ‬
‫ﺕ ﺳُرْ َﻋ ُة ال ﱠﺳي َ‬‫ﻗﻝ‪ُ ) :‬ﻛلﱠ َما َزادَ ْ‬
‫ﺳرﻋة الﺳيارة ﻛلما زاد الﺧطر(‬
‫)ﻝ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬لﺋﻥ اجتهدﺕ لتنجﺣﻥﱠ ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬ﻷﻥ اجتهدﺕ لتنجﺣﻥﱠ (‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬لم يﺳتﺳلموا ولﻥ يﺳتﺳلموا( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬لم ولﻥ يﺳتﺳلموا(‬
‫)م(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬مبارﻙ نجاﺣﻙ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬مبروﻙ نجاﺣﻙ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬مديروﻥ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬مدراء(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬معارﺿو العمﻝ ومﺅيدوﻩ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬معارﺿو ومﺅيدو العمﻝ(‬
‫ﻗط( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬ما رﺃيتﻙ ﺃبدا(‬ ‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬ما رﺃيتﻙ ﱡ‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬مِﺳاﺣاﺕ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪َ ) :‬مﺳاﺣاﺕ(‬

‫)ﻥ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬نﺫهﺏ معا( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬نﺫهﺏ ﺳوية(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪َ ) :‬نادَ ﻯ ﺃَﺧاﻩ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬نادﻯ ﻋلﻰ ﺃﺧيﻪ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬نﻔد الماﻝ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬نﻔﺫ الماﻝ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪ُ ) :‬نﻔ َِﻲ اﻷَ ِديْﺏُ مﻥْ َو َط ِنﻪِ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪ُ ) :‬نﻔ َِﻲ اﻷَ ِديْﺏُ ﻋﻥْ َو َط ِنﻪِ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬نﻛﺙ وﻋدﻩ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬نﻛﺙ بوﻋدﻩ(‬

‫‪١١٨‬‬
‫الثانِﻲ ُي ْم َنﺢ َجاﺋ َِز ًة( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬ال ﱠنا ِج ُﺢ اﻷَوﱠ ُﻝ ﺃَ ِو‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬ال ﱠنا ِج ُﺢ اﻷَوﱠ ُﻝ ﺃَ ِو ﱠ‬
‫ﱠ‬
‫الثانِﻲ يُمْ َنﺣاﻥ َجاﺋ َِز ًة(‬

‫)هــ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪َ ) :‬ه َﺫا ِﻓعْ ٌﻝ ﺷاﺋﻥ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪َ ) :‬ه َﺫا ِﻓعْ ٌﻝ مُﺷيﻥ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬هﻝ تﺷارﻙ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬هﻝ ﺳتﺷارﻙ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬هﺫا ﺃمر مهم( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬هﺫا ﺃمر ها ﱞم(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬هم ﺃﻛﻔاء( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬هم ﺃﻛ ﱠﻔاء(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪َ ) :‬ه َﺫا اﻷَمْ ُر ﻻﻓﺕ ل ِْل َن َﻅ ِر( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪َ ) :‬ه َﺫا اﻷَ ْم ُر مُلﻔِﺕ ل ِْل َن َﻅ ِر(‬

‫)و(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬وﺣدﻱ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬لوﺣدﻱ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬وﺻﻝ اليﻪ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬وﺻلﻪ(‬

‫)ﻱ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬يﺅثر ﻓيﻪ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬يﺅثر ﻋليﻪ(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬ي َُع ﱡد( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬يعتبر(‬
‫ﻗﻝ‪) :‬ي َُع ﱡد اﻻ ْمت َِﺣاﻥُ م َ‬
‫ُلﻐﻰ( وﻻ تﻘﻝ‪) :‬ي َُع ﱡد اﻻ ْمت َِﺣاﻥُ ﻻﻏيا(‬

‫‪١١٩‬‬
 ‫ْﺍﻟ ُﻤ ْﺤ َﺘ َﻮﻳ ُ‬
‫َﺎﺕ‬

‫‪١٨ -٥‬‬ ‫َﺎﺷ َﺮ ُﺓ ‪ :‬ﺍ ِﻻ ْﻋ ِﺘ َﺪ ُ‬

‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ْﺍﻟ َﻮ ْﺣ َﺪ ُﺓ ﺍﻟﻌ ِ‬

‫‪٣٦ -١٩‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮ َﻃ ُﻦ‬ ‫ْﺍﻟ َﻮ ْﺣ َﺪ ُﺓ ْﺍﻟ َﺤﺎ ِﺩﻳ َ‬

‫َﺔ َﻋ ْﺸ َﺮ َﺓ‪َ :‬‬

‫‪٥٠- ٣٧‬‬ ‫ﺮﺓ‪ْ :‬ﺍﻹ ْﻳ َﻤ ُ‬

‫ﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎ ِﻧﻴ َ‬
‫َﺔ َﻋ َﺸ َ‬ ‫ْﺍﻟ َﻮ ْﺣ َﺪ ُﺓ ﱠ‬

‫ﺎﻥ َﻭ ْﺍﻟ َﻜ ْﻮ ُﻥ‬ ‫ْ ُ ﱠ ََ ْ َ ْ‬

‫ﺍﻹ ْﻧ َﺴ ُ‬
‫‪٦٣ -٥١‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟ َﻮ ْﺣ َﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟِﺜﺔ َﻋﺸﺮﺓ ‪ِ :‬‬

‫‪٧٨ -٦٤‬‬ ‫َﺔ َﻋ ْﺸ َﺮ َﺓ‪ْ :‬ﺍﻟ ِﺤ َﻮﺍ ُﺭ ﺃَ َﻫ ﱢﻤ ﱠﻴ ُﺘ ُﻪ َﻭﺁ َﺩﺍ ُﺑ ُﻪ‬

‫ْﺍﻟ َﻮ ْﺣ َﺪ ُﺓ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺮﺍﺑﻌ َ‬
‫ِ‬

‫‪٩٥- ٧٩‬‬ ‫ﺲ‬ ‫ﻳﺐ ﱠ ْ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔ ِ‬ ‫ْﺍﻟ َﻮ ْﺣ َﺪ ُﺓ ْﺍﻟ َﺨﺎ ِﻣ َﺴ َﺔ َﻋ ْﺸ َ‬
‫ﺮﺓ‪ُ :‬ﺣ ْﺴ ُﻦ ْﺍﻟ ُﺨﻠُ ِﻖ َﻭ َﺗ ْﻬ ِﺬ ُ‬

‫‪١١١ -٩٦‬‬ ‫ﻀﺎ َﺭ ُﺓ(‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎ ِﺩ َﺳ َﺔ َﻋ ْﺸ َﺮ َﺓ‪َ :‬ﻣ َﺴﻠﱠ ُﺔ َﺣ ُﻤﻮ َﺭ ِﺍﺑﻲ )ﺍﻟ ﱡﺪ ْﺳ ُﺘﻮ ُﺭ َﻭ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ َ‬ ‫ْﺍﻟ َﻮ ْﺣ َﺪ ُﺓ ﱠ‬

‫‪١١٣-١١٢‬‬ ‫ْﺠ ُﻢ ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟِ ِﺐ‬ ‫ُﻣﻌ َ‬

‫‪١١٩ -١١٤‬‬ ‫ﺎﻥ ﻟِ ْﻠ َﻤ ْﺮ َﺣﻠَ ِﺔ ْﺍﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻮ ﱢﺳ َﻄ ِﺔ‬ ‫ُﻣﻌ َ ْ‬

‫ْﺠ ُﻢ َﺗﻘ ِﻮﻳ ِْﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﱢ َﺴ ِ‬

‫‪١٢٠‬‬ ‫ْﺍﻟ ُﻤ ْﺤ َﺘ َﻮﻳ ُ‬

‫َﺎﺕ‬

‫‪١٢٠‬‬