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After the beginning of the Christian Era, until very recently, the gu disease had been definitely connected with black magic that was Particularly common in the southwestern hinderlands of China. Many historic records relate stories concerning men bewitched in the Southwest by the gu magic, who frequently died of the gu disease, not immediately but a few months or years after taking food that was mixed with the gu poison, a specially made substance from poisonous animals. In this paper, the writer has attempted, in a preliminary fashion, to reach the following tentative conclusions: (1) The gu disease, as recorded in ancient China, was caused by human Parasites. (2) In the Southwest, where the environment was particularly moist and where sanitary conditions were a good deal worse than the rest of China, human parasites were correspondingly abundant. (3) The southwestern aborigines, furthermore, had witchcrafts that the Han Chinese visitors knew little about and were afraid of. (4) The southwestern aborigines, for their hunting and warfare, prepared a kind of poison from poisonous animals for darts and other weapons. (5) It is thus speculated that, after the beginning of the Christian Era when the Han Chinese began to frequent their contacts with the southwestern aborigines, they began to learn about their animal poison and their witchcraft, and, “putting two and two together”, believed that their parasites were caused by witchcraft which was conducted by using of a kind of animal Poison. Through the gu witchcraft stories, much can be learned concerning the = 283—— 2A Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnology witchcraft of the southwestern aborigines. However, it is contented that, whatever evil the southwestern black magicians did, they did not cause the human parasites that the Han Chinese carried home with after visiting the Southwest, at least not in the way described in these ancient narratives. In short, a rationalized explanation has been attempted in this paper to unmask the age-long belief of the gu magic.